marveldex MDXS-16-5610 User manual

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(J200712) Manual - Cushion Sensor Coding Kit
Marveldex Inc.
Manual - Cushion sensor coding kit
How to use
Reference documents / sites
In addition to the components of this product, the user must additionally prepare a USB cable, a PC, and a simple cushion (or thick cloth if there is no
cushion). This sensor is used inside/under a seat cushion. There are various methods to measure the output of the cushion sensor, but in this document,
it is measured through the Arduino circuit. It provides basic source code for Arduino and PC, and users can modify the source code.
Precaution is at the end of this document.
Model : Cushion sensor coding kit
Cushion sensor coding kit
Introduction
This product is a measurement kit that collects the pressure distribution data of a
seated person on a chair.
The product composition is as follows. (See page 4)
(1) Cushion type pressure sensor
(2) Arduino for measurement
(3) Arduino shield for connecting and measuring sensors and circuits
The cushion sensor consists of 31 individual pressure sensors.
You can get information about the sitting posture from the measured values at 31
positions.
This product provides the basic H/W and S/W necessary to measure and show data.
You can develop various application solutions using the measured data.
< Challengeable applications >
This kit can be used
-To develop healthcare solution : Monitor sitting posture to warn bad posture
-To develop input device : With the tilting information, you can generate a direction
key events and utilizes it as a VR (Virtual Reality) or game controller.
-To design ergonomic cushion/chair
-To develop for the disabled
It is possible to understand basic principles and implement with only this document. Additional resources or examples can be found at the link below.
Go to the document library: https://bit.ly/2WliDm4
Source code example blog: https://bit.ly/2ZwEkBM
Update : 12/July/2020
Seated posture measured with this kit and displayed on a PC screen
SW development environment: Arduino, Processing

Data usage example
2/22
Cushion sensor recognition examples
Model : Cushion sensor coding kit
You can understand the tendency of the sitting posture through the measurement values of
the 31 cells in the cushion sensor. The measuring range of one sensor cell is about 20gf to 4Kgf.
The actual load applied to one sensor is usually within 3 Kgf, as the load of the seated person
spreads across the whole chair and the load is distributed due to the softness of the cushion.
For this reason, even if the load of the seated person is as high as 130kg, pressure measure-
ment and posture recognition are possible.
Recognizable seating poses include left/right tilt, degree of tilt, legs-crossed etc.
Low Load High Load
Right tilted posture and measurement results Left tilted posture and measurement results
Back tilted posture and measurement results Forward tilted posture and measurement results
Posture with crossing right leg Posture with crossing left leg
Coding for Measurement :
see pages 6-17 of this document
Load and color map
Empty Strong Press
(J200712) Manual - Cushion Sensor Coding Kit
High load
on the right
High load
on the left
High loads behind
High loads in front
The measurement on the right leg is zero The measured value of the left leg is zero
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There may be an error in the attitude recognized/determined by this cushion sensor. Factors affecting: siting body shape, chair/cushion shape, material, etc.
Figure) Measured values in normal posture.
Most of the 31 cells look light green and yellow.

HID
3/22
Table of Contents
Model : Cushion sensor coding kit
Length = 380 mm
Width = 388 mm
Kit composition, dimension ..................Page 4 ~ 6
Posture recognition and Visualization SW .........Page 13 ~ 17
Arduino configuration, measurement .......Page 10~12
Expansion of circuit and challenges ........Page 18~20
Processing.org
VR
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Sensor technical info, Precautions .................Page 21, 22
V in
GND
Ra (Sensor)
Rc
V out
(ADC)
Cushion sensor shield and circuit study .............Page 7 ~ 9

(J200712) Manual - Cushion Sensor Coding Kit
Name: Cushion Sensor Shield
Role: Role : To connect sensor and select a cell
Two analog switches and pulldown resistor for
ADC measurement are included inside.
Accessories for assembly
Cushion sensor (Model : MDXS-16-5610)
rubber form tape
Kit component
Assembly-cushion sensor, shield, arduino
After tightening the bolt.
4/22
Connecting the cushion sensor to the Arduino
Model : Cushion sensor coding kit
Name: Arduino Pro Micro (or Nano)
Role: Measure the cushion sensor 31 channels.
Be sure to install the driver before connecting
the USB to the PC. (See pages 10 and 11)
Top view Bottom view
Arduino Pro Micro
(or Nano)
Cushion Sensor Shield
Bolt x 4ea
Nut x 4ea
rubber form tape
guide plate
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Wrench
Bolt x 4ea
Nut x 4ea
Wrench
Cushion sensor
guide plate

Cushion top Turn the cushion upside down, and
open the zipper.
Size comparison-sensor and cushion
Open the zipper and insert the
sensor upside-down as you see.
If the cable folds inside the cushion,
it may cause a measurement error.
Make a small hole on the cover.
Pull out USB cable through a
hole
Close the zipper. Done!
(J200712) Manual - Cushion Sensor Coding Kit
Insertion sequence
5/22
Put the sensor into the cushion
Model : Cushion sensor coding kit
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Connect the Micro USB cable
to the shield.
Close the zipper after putting
it all in.
Turn the cushion over again and place it on
the chair with the top side up.
Sit down now.
1
2
3
4
It is not necessary to put the sensor in the cushion. You can also place the sensor under the cushion. However, make sure that the hard and protruding
parts, such as zippers, do not press the sensor's measurement area.
Healthcare cushion Cushion smaller than the sensor fabric/foam/blanket
The material inside the cushion should be
soft, such as sponge, memory foam, and co-
tton.

DescriptionUnit
Length
Width
Thickness
Sensing range
(per cell)
Number of cells
380mm
388mm
0.95mm
20gf ~ 4Kgf
31
6/22
Top view
Let's find out why we placed 31 sensors in three rows and why we
placed more cells in the middle row of three rows. The occupant's
load is widely distributed, but not entire the chair.
The load is intensively applied mainly around the hip bone. (Picture
on the right) For this reason, the pressure distribution of the occupa-
nt is usually concentrated in the position of the hip bone, as shown in
the left figure below.
The load applied to the thigh area is relatively low.
Figure) The load is intensively
applied to the two hip bones.
Figure) siting load distribution and cell placement. A lot
of sensors placed in the hip area. The sensor on the thigh
detects whether the thigh has touched the chair
Figure) Typical load distribution of seated persons.
Sensing zone
Intermediate zone
Dead zone
Prime Sensing zone
Sensor dimension, Cell placement
Model : Cushion sensor coding kit
(J200712) Manual - Cushion Sensor Coding Kit
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Length = 380 mm
Width = 388 mm
MDEX .CO. KR MDXS-16-5600
Pads = 108 mm
Sensor dimensions
About Cell Placement
Summary
thighthigh
HIP
Tailbone
Width of 1 cell
Length of 1 cell
19 or 38mm
19mm

Composition of cushion sensor shield-socket, pad for sensor connection, analog switch
7/22
.
Model : Cushion sensor coding kit
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Top View
Bottom
View
Figure) Arduino Promicro plugged into the socket of the cushion sensor shield. (Arduino genuine is red while compatible is blue)
: Cushion sensor connection / 32 fixing pads
: 2 ea of built-in 4to16 analog switches
En0
En1
S0
S1
S2
S3
GND
GND
VCC
ADC
32CH SEAT SHIELD - V.1.0
MDEX.CO.KR
Shield for Arduino
Promicro, Nano, UNO.
H0
H1
H2
H3
H4
H5
H6
H7
H8
H9
H10
H11
H12
H13
H14
H15
H16
H17
H18
H19
H20
H21
H22
H23
H24
H25
H26
H27
H28
H29
H30
H31
VCC
Number of 31 cells (0~30) and data transmission protocol
Top view
vcc
The sensor numbers on the left are connected according to the terminal numbers (0 to 30)
in the figure below.
The sensor measurement values are transmitted in the order of the terminal number.
Terminal number
Cushion sensor shield for Arduino
Circuit) Shield for Arduino and terminal

Schematic of cushion sensor shield
8/22
Circuit) Sensor shield - 1
Model : Cushion sensor coding kit
Two analog switches (74HC4067; 4 to 16) are built in the cushion sensor shield.
32 sensors (H0~H31 below) can be connected by 6 GPIOs (S0 ~ S3, En0, En1 below).
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V cc
GND
Rsensor
Rc (pull down)
V out
(ADC)
Measuring 1 sensor cell
-ADC circuit
One ADC terminal and one pull-down
resistor are required.
GPIO x 6
ADC x 1 V out = Rc x V cc
Rsensor + Rc
4 to 16
Analog switch
(74HC4067)
4 to 16
Analog switch
(74HC4067)
En 0
ADC
En 1 S 0 S 1 S 2 S 3

Table) How to set GPIO pin by cushion cell number
En : Enable Negative
S0~S3 : Signal
Selecting the 20th cell in the cushion sensor shield
74HC4067 Switch Description. Connect 16 cells with 4 signal pins.
Ex) How to set 6 pins to select the 20th cell
Cell selection example
- 20th cell
9/22
Circuit) Sensor shield - 2
Model : Cushion sensor coding kit
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En 0 En 1 S0 S1 S2 S3
H0 0 1 0 0 0 0
H1 0 1 1 0 0 0
H2 0 1 0 1 0 0
H3 0 1 1 1 0 0
H4 0 1 0 0 1 0
H5 0 1 1 0 1 0
H6 0 1 0 1 1 0
H7 0 1 1 1 1 0
H8 0 1 0 0 0 1
H9 0 1 1 0 0 1
H10 0 1 0 1 0 1
H11 0 1 1 1 0 1
H12 0 1 0 0 1 1
H13 0 1 1 0 1 1
H14 0 1 0 1 1 1
H15 0 1 1 1 1 1
En 0 En 1 S0 S1 S2 S3
H16 1 0 0 0 0 0
H17 1 0 1 0 0 0
H18 1 0 0 1 0 0
H19 1 0 1 1 0 0
H20 1 0 0 0 1 0
H21 1 0 1 0 1 0
H22 1 0 0 1 1 0
H23 1 0 1 1 1 0
H24 1 0 0 0 0 1
H25 1 0 1 0 0 1
H26 1 0 0 1 0 1
H27 1 0 1 1 0 1
H28 1 0 0 0 1 1
H29 1 0 1 0 1 1
H30 1 0 0 1 1 1
H31 1 0 1 1 1 1
20th cell
0
0
1
0
1 0
0
0
1
0
1: Disabled 0: Enabled
Pin setting to select 20th cell
( En0=1, En1=0, S0=0, S1=0, S2=1, S3=0 )
X O

Arduino setup & configure
10/22
Connect Arduino to PC
Model : Cushion sensor coding kit
Link to Arduino installation file - https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software
File> Preferences> Settings tab and copy/paste the following address into the ‘Additional Boards Manager URL’s field.
If you are using Arduino Nano or Uno, the following steps are not necessary.
Tools> Board> Board manager> Search for'sparkfun AVR' in the search bar> Click the'Install' button
Install sparkfun AVR in Board manager
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/sparkfun/Arduino_Boards/master/IDE_Board_Manager/package_sparkfun_index.json
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Arduino Configuration - Adding an Arduino Pro Micro Board
Install Arduino Pro Micro Package
COPY
PASTE

Connect Arduino Pro Micro to PC-USB
Device Recognition Check-Device Manager
Arduino Board selection
11/22
Connect Arduino to PC
Model : Cushion sensor coding kit
Now you are ready to develop.
Please protect the sensor with the cushion
before you sit down.
Connect to a computer with
a micro USB cable
Cushion sensor coding kit
PC
(Windows, MAC, Linux)
1) Selecting a board
--> Sparkfun Pro Micro Or Arduino Nano
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Settings> Device Manager> Port (COM & LPT)
Check if a device with one of the names below is found
3) Choose Port
Find device in ‘PORT’
- Sparkfun Pro Micro or
- Arduino Leonardo or
- USB Serial
2) Choose Processor (when Arduino Pro Micro)
--> 5V, 16MHz ( O )
--> 3.3V, 8MHz (X)
For Arduino compatible boards using the
CH340 chip, the CH340 driver must be installed.

Check the sketch settings.
Correct board name?
If Pro Micro, 5V, 16Mhz?
Correct COM port number?
Source code upload Run Serial Monitor.
See the measured value.
ADC_pin is A3 if ProMicro and A7 if NANO
Link to Source Code Description Blog
https://bit.ly/3hXZX4W
Upload/build Arduino source code
12/22
Measurement example
Model : Cushion sensor coding kit
Link to the source code example - https://bit.ly/30d0UhS (at the bottom of the shopping mall product page)
After setting the'Arduino Sketch' on the previous page,'Upload' the source code to the Arduino.
Checking the measured value
In Menu, Arduino> Tools> Serial Monitor
1) No pressure on the cushion sensor, output values are usually
'0' to '5'.
Q) If some low values are shown while no pressure?
A) Check the screw tightness between the sensor and the shield.
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1
2
3
2) Press the 0th cell with your
finger. If the 0th value changes,
the connection is OK.
3) A screen while sitting on the cushion sensor.
Every cell value changes.
0th Cell
0th Cell

Link to setup Processing - https://processing.org/download/
Link to source code for Processing - https://bit.ly/2ZwEkBM
13/22
Visualization SW - 1) 3 rows
Model : Cushion sensor coding kit
Data protocol and reordering
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1) Reading data, receiving buffer
Function : readSerial_MDEX32chShield()
The Arduino board reads 32 data from the computer via USB. Only 31 out of 32 are measured by the cushion sensor, and
the last one is dummy data. 31 data are received in the order of the cell number of the cushion sensor. (See page 5 for
the cell number of the cushion sensor) The 31 read data is stored in cellValues[] array.
Setup Processing
2) Reordering the buffer cellValues[]
The cushion sensor consists of 3 rows, and each row has a buffer. The 31 values in the receive buffer cellValues[] are the
data of the entire cushion sensor, which is divided into 3 row buffers and stored.
seatValues_Row0 [6]
cellValues[31] seatValues_Row1 [15]
seatValues_Row2 [10]
Row 0 : seatValues_Row0[6]
Receiving buffer
Data transfer order
Row Buffer (member of SeatDataView class)
Reordering to 3 rows
Row 1 : seatValues_Row1[15]
Row 2 : seatValues_Row2[10]
Buffer of 3 Rows

14/22
Visualization SW - 2. Color Cells
Model : Cushion sensor coding kit
UI-Set the coordinates of 31 color cells (rect_pos.csv)
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Color Cell UI-Positioning
Color Cell UI-Change background image.
Figure) The 31 color cell squares are grouped into 3 rows.
Figure) HUE graph of HSB colormap. In the example,
the range of the pressure value (0~220) and the range
of the HUE value (180~0) were matched.
Function : colorMap in SeatDataView class
If the pressure value is 0, then HUE is 180.
If the pressure value is 220, then HUE is 0.
Convert the measured value to HUE value with the formula below.
HUE = 180 - (Measured value * 180 / 220)
For example, if the measured value is 40?
HUE = 180 - (40 x 180 / 220 ) = 148
Exception) If the measured value is 220 or higher, set HUE to 0.
Color Cell UI - Color Settings
Row 0 (6 cells)
Row 1 (15 cells)
Row 2 (10 cells)
[2-9] : Row 2, Column 9
The coordinates of the 31 color cell UI rectangles are read from the rect_pos.csv file in the image folder. Changing the number in the CSV file changes
the cell's position. If you do not intend to change the coordinates, you can skip this paragraph.
You can change the background image of the app. Please put the image file in the
image folder.
Just change the file name parameter in the setup() function.
imgSensor = loadImage(../image/new image file name.png);
0
220
110
Measured
value (red)
HUE graph
Coordinate (192, 73)
Width = 50
Height = 20
Coordinate (573, 458)
Width = 35
Height = 20
rect_pos.csv
[0-1] : Row 0, Column 1 Row 0, Column 1
Row 2, Column 9

Y= 1.0
Y= 0.0
Y= -1.0
X= -1.0 X= 0.0 X= 1.0
15/22
Visualization SW - 3. Center of Mass
Model : Cushion sensor coding kit
Calculation and display of the center of mass value.
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Calculation of COM in X direction
Gauge) X = 0.225 indicates the COM position
The relative coordinates of the center of mass are displayed in the top bar of the screen. In addition, gauges are displayed
on the left and center of the screen.
The coordinate system of relative coordinates is indicated in red below. (X=-1.0, X=0.0, X=+1.0, and Y=-1.0, Y=0.0, Y=+1.0)
Take the X axis for example. X when tilted to the far left is -1.0, and 1.0 when tilted to the far right.
Function name in X-direction COM calculation: : calcCOM_X() (in SeatDataView class)
X-direction Calculating
Formula for COM
xi: x-coordinate value
mi: mass, pressure value
It is possible to calculate the center of mass in the Y direction in a similar way.
seatValues_Row1[i] : pressure value
cell_pos_x : x coordinate value

16/22
Visualization SW - 4. Aware 'Tilt' on COM
Model : Cushion sensor coding kit
Use of the center of mass calculation results (see previous page)
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If COM is (0, -0.59) : Tilt Backward
If COM is (+0.26, -0.17): Tilt Right
If COM is (+0.38, -0.54): 'Tilt right heavily', and
'Tilt backward'.
If COM is (0, +0.35): Tilt forward.
If COM is (-0.32, -0.43) : 'Tilt left' and 'Tilt Backward'
Interpretation of the COM X value.
Left and right tilt analysis.
Interpretation of the COM Y value.
Recognition of forward and backward tilt.
There may be errors in the recognition/discrimination posture
with this cushion sensor.
Factors affecting: the shape of the seated person, the shape of
the chair/chshion, the material, etc.
Y= +1.0
(FORWARD)
Y= 0.0
Y= -1.0
(BACKWARD)
X= -1.0
(LEFT)
X= 0.0
-0.18 +0.18 +0.33-0.33 X= +1.0
(RIGHT)
X= -0.33 ~ -0.18
Tilting LEFT
X= -0.18 ~ +0.18
Stable
X= +0.18 ~ +0.33
Tilting RIGHT
X= -1.0 ~ -0.33
Tilting heavily LEFT
X= +0.33 ~ +1.0
Tilting heavily RIGHT
Y= -0.10 ~ 1.0
Tilting FORWARD
Y= -0.38 ~ -0.1
Stable
Y= -1.0 ~ -0.38
Tilting BACKWARD
Y= 1.0
(FORWARD)
Y= 0.0
Y= -1.0
(BACKWARD)
X= -1.0
(LEFT)
X= 0.0 X= 1.0
(RIGHT)
a
b
c
d
e
a
b
c
d
e
If the center of mass value is not (0, 0), that is, a value greater than or less than 0, it means that the occupant's load is tilted in either direction.
The center of mass value is -1.0~+1.0, and by specifying the threshold value between these, the tendency of sitting posture can be defined.
In the example in the figure below, the thresholds for tilting in the X direction are set to -0.33, -0.18, +0.18, and +0.33.
Setting the center of mass value and threshold
Additional Tilting Recognition Examples

17/22
Visualization SW - 5. Invalid / Fixed cell
Model : Cushion sensor coding kit
Use the sum of 31 cell values
Validity filtering
Using invalid cells for posture recognition
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Recognizing - Empty
Recommended - If all the sum of the measurement
values of 31 cells is 50 or less, it may be judged as empty.
Situation-Values can be measured without being pressed.
1) When electrical noise is mixed during measurement
2) When the sensor is slightly bent because the floor is not
flat. In this case, the normal output value is 5 or less low.
Recommended-Values below 5 are considered invalid cells
Cell with very small changes in measured values
over several minutes are called fixed cell.
You may suspect that you put something on it, not
a person.
Recommendation-6 cells in row 0 are divided into 3 cells on
the left and 3 cells on the right.
If there are two or more invalid cells among the three cells
on either side, the legs can be recognized to be crossed.
Recommended-If the sum of all cell measurements is 200 or more, it
can be judged as sitting
Caution-If all 31 cells are'fixed cells' for 20 minutes, non-human obje-
cts (eg, rice bags) may be placed on the sensor.
If the pressure is repeated for seconds for the three left cells
in row 0, as shown, the left leg is likely to be shaking.
Recommendation-If the sum of the measured values of the
three cells on one side of the left/right side in row 0 frequently
fluctuates, it is decided to shake the leg.
There may be errors in the recognition/discrimination posture with this cushion sensor. Factors affecting: the shape of the seated person, the shape of the
chair/chshion, the material, etc.
Recognizing - Legs crossed
Recognizing - Shaking leg
Recognizing - Sitting state
Invalid cell
after 10 minutes
after 20 minutes
after 30 minutes
Release pressure
Apply pressure
Release pressure
Apply pressure
Fixed cell

18/22
Using the idle pins of Arduino
Model : Cushion sensor coding kit
Find out which idle pins are available on the shield
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Arduino boards usually have multiple external pins. Except for basic pins such as VCC and GND, we have around 20 function pins.
Except for the 7 pins (6 GPIO and 1 ADC) used to measure the cushion sensor, the remaining pins may be used for other purposes.
En0
En1
S0
S1
S2
S3
GND
GND
VCC
ADC
Shield for Arduino
Promicro, Nano, UNO.
H21
H22
H23
H24
H25
H26
H27
H28
H29
H30
H31
VCC
En0
En1
S0
S1
S2
S3
GND
GND
VCC
ADC
32CH SEATSHIELD - V.1.0
MDEX.CO.KR
Shield for Arduino
Promicro, Nano, UNO.
H0
H1
H2
H3
H4
H5
H6
H7
H8
H9
H10
H11
H12
H13
H14
H15
H16
H17
H18
H19
H20
H21
H22
H23
H24
H25
H26
H27
H28
H29
H30
H31
VCC
Example) Vibration motor (PWM, VCC, GND)
The method of using the parts used in the example above can be changed, so it is recommended to apply the parts after checking the
manufacturer's documentation.
7 pins for measuring the cushion sensor-marked with a red square. Not usable for other purposes
Shield Arduino ProMicro Arduino NANO
Example) ws2812 NeoPixel LED strip connection (PWM, VCC, GND)
You can connect various parts on the market.
Use idle pins-connect other components, SPI
Solder the wire to the idle pin to connect other parts.
Soldering !
Arduino Pro Micro + Vibration Motor x 2 Arduino NANO + LED Strip
Idle pins that can be used for other purposes. -Yellow square

19/22
More measurement circuits
Model : Cushion sensor coding kit
Arduino series
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Measurement other than Arduino
Examples) Micro:bit, ESP32 , etc.
Connect 6 pins of GPIO and 1 pin of ADC with cushion sensor shield.
(Including VCC and GND)
Various Arduino boards can measure by connecting them to the cushion sensor shield. Low-cost Arduino compatible boards are also OK for
measurement. Connect 6 GPIO pins and 1 ADC pin, and specify these 7 pin numbers in the definition part of the Arduino source code.
(If you are not sure about the pin setting in the source code, please contact us. [email protected])
In the case of BLE or WIFI board, power can be supplied from the
supplementary battery through the USB terminal.
Figure)
Connection of cushion sensor
shield and Micro:bit board
Characteristic Arduino Model Name How to connect
ProMicro (HID is available)
NANO 33 BLE Sense with headers (Connectivity: Bluetooth BLE)
NANO 33 IOT (Connectivity : Bluetooth BLE , WIFI )
NANO (Connectivity : USB)
UNO- Wire connection with shield.
Connect 6 GPIOs and 1 ADC.
VCC and GND must also be connected.
Other models are available by connecting wires
--> Most models such as Arduino UNO, MEGA, Micro, Due, etc.
What is HID? - Human Interface Device.
Devices that can generate keyboard/mouse events
HID
UNO

20/22
Challenges- Utilizing Measurement Data
Model : Cushion sensor coding kit
Cloud-big data storage statistics, posture recognition AI
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Marveldex Inc.
Chair yoga
Link Sensor data to Experience-based content
According to the center of mass value of the cushion sensor, the
application outputs the joystick direction key event.
That is, if the body is tilted to the left, a left key event can be generated.
Tilt back then generates the down key event.
There are several ways to stretch while sitting in a chair. (Search ‘chair yoga’ in Google)
You can check whether the yoga pose is properly implemented by measuring the cushion sensor. If you add a scheduler here, you can create
a cushion yoga coaching application.
Key events utilizing in VR or FPS games.
(E.g. arrow keys, lying down, jumping, changing equipment, etc.)
<Data transmission method>
Data transmission through LAN connected to PC or using circuit
with WIFI function (e.g. Arduino NANO IOT)
<Key event generation>
With Arduino ProMicro, you can generate key events.
Provide example code in the blog.
So far, we have seen how to measure data with the cushion sensor kit. We discussed some examples of possible tasks as shown below with experts.
Use your imagination and challenge various tasks. (Project consultation: [email protected])
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