microHAM SMORF User manual

microHAM © 2015 All rights reserved
SMΩRF
RF VECTOR
SIGNAL METER
microHAM
fax: [phone]
e- ail: support@ icroha .co
ho epage: www. icroha .co
Version – 1.4
8 April, 2016
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microHAM © 2015 All rights reserved
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
1. FEATURES AND FUNCTIONS ................................................................................................... 4
2. IMPORTANT WARNINGS .......................................................................................................... 5
3. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION ...................................................................................................... 5
Front Panel ..........................................................................................................................6
Rear Panel ........................................................................................................................... 7
4. INSTALLATION .......................................................................................................................... 8
5. OPERATION …........................................................................................................................... 9
ensor election ................................................................................................................. 9
Bar Graphs cales and Ranges........................................................................................... 9
6. SCREEN …............................................................................................................................... 11
CREEN: tatus Bar ........................................................................................................ 11
CREEN: Edit Mode ........................................................................................................ 12
CREEN: Two Point Measurements ................................................................................ 12
CREEN: Bar Graph Functions ....................................................................................... 13
CREEN: Bar Graph ettings ...........................................................................................14
CREEN: Tone Generator ................................................................................................16
CREEN: creens Menu ..................................................................................................18
7. SINGLE SENSOR SCREEN TEMPLATES ............................................................................... 20
TANDARD creen .......................................................................................................... 20
LARGE creen ................................................................................................................. 21
P K creen ...................................................................................................................... 22
TUNE creen .................................................................................................................... 23
TECHNICAL creen ........................................................................................................ 24
O CILLO COPE creen .................................................................................................. 26
PECTRUM creen ......................................................................................................... 29
AUTO Mode ..................................................................................................................... 31
8. DUAL SENSORS SCREEN TEMPLATES ................................................................................ 31
2TX creen ....................................................................................................................... 32
PA creen …..................................................................................................................... 33
4IN creen ........................................................................................................................ 35
9. MAIN MENU .…........................................................................................................................ 37
10. SYSTEM MENU ....................................................................................................................... 37
METER MODE ...................................................................................................................38
Miscellaneous ettings .......................................................................................................40
Brightness ettings .......................................................................................................... 41
LAN ettings ..................................................................................................................... 42
Power aving .....................................................................................................................43
Time and Date .................................................................................................................. 45
Backup and Restore .......................................................................................................... 46
creens Management ........................................................................................................47
11. SENSOR 1 MENU ..................................................................................................................... 49
ensor Details ....................................................................................................................49
ensor Cables Table ........................................................................................................ 49
ensor Cables Calibration ................................................................................................. 51
100% Power Levels ............................................................................................................51
Antenna Cables ................................................................................................................ 52
Miscellaneous .................................................................................................................. 54
Copy ettings .................................................................................................................... 55
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12. ALARM 1 MENU ....................................................................................................................... 56
Alarms Handling and Operation .........................................................................................56
Alarm ettings .................................................................................................................... 57
WR Alarm ...................................................................................................................... 60
LOW POWER Alarm ........................................................................................................ 61
HIGH POWER Alarm ........................................................................................................62
P K IMD Alarm ..................................................................................................................62
ARCING Alarm ...................................................................................................................63
13. DATA STRUCTURE DIAGRAM ................................................................................................. 64
14. SENSORS …..............................................................................................................................65
15. REMOTE CONTROL …..............................................................................................................66
HTTP erver …..................................................................................................................66
VNC erver ….....................................................................................................................68
Remote Control Application ................................................................................................69
16. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION …...............................................................................................71
17. PACKAGE CONTENT …............................................................................................................75
18. WARRANTY …...........................................................................................................................75
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY ........................................................................................ 76
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microHAM © 2015 All rights reserved
1 – FEATURES AND FUNCTIONS
MΩRF™ is unique metering instrument, the most powerful and accurate, in-line vector RF power meter to date
with accuracy rivaling the professional instruments. Has tons of extra features, and very high level of user
customization to fit every hamshack, every operator's needs.
MΩRF™ connects to RF signal by remote sensor (coupler), available in several models for power levels from
miliwatts up to 12kW and frequencies up to 500MHz. HF + 6m sensors provide sample of passing current (I) and
voltage (U) on its LOAD port. VHF and UHF sensors provide sample of forward (FWD) and reflected (REF)
power to meter. The meter can simultaneously measure two independent signals from any two sensors and
shows measurement results on its front panel or computer.
Main features:
•Operating frequency from 1.8 – 500MHz.
•igned phase measurement.
•Two points of measurement, at the sensor point and at the antenna point.
•Phase measurement between sensors.*
•Real time temperature compensation in meter and sensor.
•Dual, high speed, three color, user adjustable auto-ranging LED bar graphs with configurable peak hold.
•Every meter and every sensor individually factory calibrated for best accuracy. Temperature controlled,
computer automatized calibration setup makes over 10,000 calibration points in each meter and over 100
points in each sensor. Calibrated per port for level, frequency, phase, and temperature.
•Very wide viewing angle, sunlight readable, high contrast graphics OLED display.
•Multiple, user configurable display screens for powers, impedance, waveform, spectrum, P K, O2R …
•User configurable alarms in three importance levels (warning, alarm, fault) for two power ranges on per
sensor, per band basis for WR, Low Power and High Power alerts.
Connectivity:
•Internet enabled, native IEEE 802.3 Ethernet port for remote connectivity.
•Internal web server for simple access from the computer browser for status checking, maintenance and
firmware updates, no drivers, no specialized software installation.
•TCP port for high speed remote control applications, open protocol.
•High purity, DD based test signal generator (single/dual tone, noise) for linearity and bandwidth tests.
•iLINK port for simplified connection to our interfaces.
•Two keying, pass thru ports and R 232 serial port for legacy connections.
•Well featured Auxiliary port for future expansions (wall mount 7 segment LED displays, analog meter).
Other features:
•Internal speaker for audible alerts.
•Internet synchronized real time clock.
•Ambient light sensor for display and led bars brightness control.
•Free Remote Control application for Windows and O -X.
•EMI shielded, aluminum die cast enclosure.
Internal processing highlights:
•210 MIP , 32bit floating point Cortex M4 D P processor for extremely fast updates and accurate
calculation of complex functions.
•hi-grade, parallel 16bit ADC, sampled at 125ksps.
•24bit DAC at 160ksps for signal generator.
* Both sensors are of the same type (U/I or FWD/REF), connected by the same length leads and operating at the same frequency.
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2 - IMPORTANT WARNINGS
ALWAYS check the polarity of the 13.8 V power supply
before you connect it to the eter.
If you use eter without sensors,
NEVER exceed 26dB level to the eter's IN RF ports.
If you use so e accessory injecting DC power to the coaxial cable,
connect it ALWAYS behind the LOAD port of any CHF sensor.
DO NOT connect OUT ports to inductive, AC or >24VDC loads.
DO NOT place eter on hot surfaces.
DO NOT touch the sensor under RF power.
ALWAYS backup your settings prior fir ware update.
3 - HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
MΩRF system consists of two parts, sensor and eter.
Sensor is a box, inserted in transmission line (coaxial cable) between source of power (transceiver or power
amplifier) and the load (antenna). Depending on used sensor, it provides sample of current (I) and voltage (U) on
transmission line, or forward (FWD) and reflected (REF) power sample. All HF sensors are U/I type with current
and voltage transformers inside. All VHF/UHF sensors are FWD/REF type directional couplers. All sensors have
internal micro-controller and EEPROM memory for calibration data storage. Micro-controller measures internal
temperature of the coupler and provides these data on request to the meter.
Meter connects to sensor's sample outputs, and measures their magnitude and phase at a rate of 125,000
samples per second as well as internal and sensor temperature. Captured data are than corrected by four
dimensional calibration tables taken during individual calibration for magnitude, phase, frequency and
temperature for both sensor and meter. Meter then further processes the captured data. For some type of
measurements where high data rate is required (alarms, oscilloscope and spectrum screens), raw data are
used. For measurements where stability and smoothness is more important, data are additionally filtered in
various IIR or FIR filters according to their nature. Computed results are than provided on meter's front panel or
computer screen through Ethernet port. Thanks to powerful D P CPU in the meter and optimized code, meter is
capable to do all above tasks in real time and at the same time provide DD based tone generator output for
some kind of specific measurements.
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Front Panel
1. TOP BAR GRAPH
2. BOTTOM BAR GRAPH
3. TOP BAR GRAPH SCALE INDICATOR
4. BOTTOM BAR GRAPH SCALE INDICATOR
5. BAR GRAPH SCALE RANGE INDICATOR
◦green color indicates top bar graph range
◦red color indicates bottom bar graph range
◦yellow color indicates same range for both bar graphs
6. ALARM INDICATORS
◦green color indicates warning
◦red color indicates alarm
◦flashing red color indicates fault
7. SENSOR INDICATORS
8. MAIN DISPLAY
9. LEFT ← SCREEN ROTATION BUTTON
◦button serves as left navigation button in EDIT mode and MENU system
10. RIGHT → SCREEN ROTATION BUTTON
◦button serves as right navigation button in EDIT mode and MENU system
11. EDIT/MENU BUTTON
◦short press enters EDIT mode and allows editing outlined fields on current screen
◦pressing and holding for one second enters MENU system of the meter
12. SENSOR 1 BUTTON
◦when pushed briefly together with EN OR 2 button, meter switches to the AUTO mode and automatically
focuses to the first sensor passing sensing nonzero power
◦when pushed and held together with EN OR 2 for one second, meter switches to the DUAL mode and displays
special screens designed for two sensors measurements
◦button serves as up navigation button in MENU system.
13. SENSOR 2 BUTTON
◦when pushed briefly together with EN OR 1 button, meter switches to the AUTO mode and automatically
focuses to the first sensor passing sensing nonzero power
◦when pushed and held together with EN OR 1 for one second, meter switches to the DUAL mode and displays
special screens designed for two sensors measurements
◦button serves as down navigation button in MENU system
14. ROTARY KNOB
◦when rotated sets top bar graph range
◦when pushed and rotated sets bottom bar graph range
◦changes selected value in EDIT mode and MENU system
◦when pushed in EDIT or MENU system, it pop ups short help for selected item
◦during ALARM condition push snoozes or resets active alarm
15. AMBIENT LIGHT SENSOR
◦measures ambient light for automatic brightness control of bar graphs and main display

microHAM © 2015 All rights reserved
Rear Panel
1. SENSOR 1 FORWARD (FWD) or VOLTAGE (U) SAMPLE INPUT
◦FWD/U connection port of EN OR 1
◦serves as INPUT 1 in 4 INPUT mode
2. SENSOR 1 REFLECTED (REF) or CURRENT (I) SAMPLE INPUT
◦REF/I connection port of EN OR 1
◦serves as INPUT 2 in 4 INPUT mode
3. SENSOR 2 FORWARD (FWD) or VOLTAGE (U) SAMPLE INPUT
◦FWD/U connection port of EN OR 2
◦serves as INPUT 3 in 4 INPUT mode
4. SENSOR 2 REFLECTED (REF) or CURRENT (I) SAMPLE INPUT
◦REF/I connection port of EN OR 2
◦serves as INPUT 4 in 4 INPUT mode
5. PTT / INHIBIT IN1
◦configurable input coupled to EN OR 1
6. PTT / INHIBIT OUT1
◦configurable output coupled to EN OR 1
7. PTT / INHIBIT IN2
◦configurable input coupled to EN OR 2
8. PTT / INHIBIT OUT2
◦configurable output coupled to EN OR 2
9. TEST TONE
◦internal tone generator output, 4 pole 3.5mm jack
10. LAN
◦IEEE 802.3 Ethernet port
11. AUX
◦Accessory port
12. iLINK
◦first iLINK port for connection to iLINK enabled microHAM devices
13. iLINK
◦second iLINK port for connection to iLINK enabled microHAM devices
14. SERIAL
◦R 232 port for general low speed connectivity
15. DC 13.8V
◦power input, max. 16V, center positive, shell negative
16. POWER SWITCH
17. GROUNDING SCREW
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4 – INSTALLATION
1. Connect sensor to the eter
•Connect U or FWD sample output of the sensor to the meter's SENSOR 1 – U/FWD input using
supplied MA – MA cable. It isn't important which one of two supplied MA – MA cables you use,
but keep the calibration certificate of the cable and mark it to reflect the connection ( EN OR
# N/U). Later you can enter calibration table of the cable from the certificate sheet to the meter
memory in EN OR MENU. It will slightly improve metering accuracy but you will need to pair
calibration table to the cable, each is individually calibrated in the factory.
•Connect I or REF sample output of the sensor to the meter's SENSOR 1 – I/REF input using second
MA – MA cable. Again, keep the calibration certificate of the cable and mark it to reflect the
connection ( EN OR # N/I).
•If you are connecting the second sensor,
use EN OR 2 ports on meter in the
same manner as for EN OR 1 above.
2. Connect sensor to the transceiver and the
antenna
•Connect antenna port of your transceiver
or power amplifier to the sensor's TX
port.
•Connect your antenna to the LOAD port
of the sensor.
3. Connect eter to the transceiver or
microHAM interface
•Connect supplied miniDIN6 – miniDIN6
cable from iLINK port of the meter to the
iLINK port on microHAM interface. If you have multiple microHAM interfaces and you are unsure
where to connect iLINK port, please refer to METER MODE chapter for more details.
•If you don't have our interface, or you have interface without iLINK port, please refer to ALARM
ETTING chapter for more details. This connection is not necessary for MΩRF functionality, but
when used, MΩRF can protect your TX chain using internal ALARMs.
4. Connect power to the eter
•Connect 13.8V DC power supply to the DC power jack of the meter. DC power jack is standard
2.1/5.5 mm power jack, use supplied plug if you haven't one.
•Observe the polarity!!! Center is positive (+), shell is negative (-).
•Use well regulated and filtered power supply capable to provide 1.3A.
•Connect grounding lead from your central grounding point in the shack to the ground terminal screw
on the meter.
5. Turn power On
•Flip the power switch on the rear panel.
•After power up, meter checks for presence of sensors on its inputs. When the meter finds a new
sensor, it copies calibration data from the sensor's memory to the meter's memory. Each sensor has
built in a large calibration table, transfer of these data to meter may take several minutes. Be patient
and don't worry, it is just a one time procedure and happens only on the very first connection to the
new sensor. When done, meter will automatically switch to one of the metering screens.
6. Select etering ode
•Press and hold MENU button for a second. Using ← / → buttons select Y TEM MENU. Press
briefly MENU to enter. elect METER MODE. Press briefly MENU to enter.
•If you are connecting second sensor or both sensors at the same time, please refer to METER
MODE chapter to understand what metering mode means and does in order to use correct one for
your purpose. Otherwise select INGLE RADIO / INGLE EN OR mode by rotary knob. Press
MENU briefly to register.
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5 – OPERATION
Operating MΩRF is easy and intuitive, but to use it effectively and to maximal pleasure, it is important to
understand its structure and relationship between data and settings.
SENSOR SELECTION
First basic selection on MΩRF is a
EN OR focus. If you have only one
EN OR, it is just the matter of pressing
bottom SENSOR 1 button [12]. Press
bottom EN OR 1 button briefly to
change focus to that sensor. When
EN OR 1 is selected, red EN OR 1
indicator [7] is steadily lit.
If MΩRF has both sensors installed,
there are more options. For manual
selection of the sensor press SENSOR 1 [12] or SENSOR 2 [13] button. EN OR 2 focus is indicated by green
EN OR 2 [7] indicator.
When EN OR 1 and EN OR 2 buttons are pressed briefly together, meter switches to AUTO mode. In
AUTO mode, meter switches focus automatically to the first sensor which detects power. Activated AUTO mode
is indicated by gently flashing EN OR 1 or EN OR 2 indicator [7].
AUTO mode is useful for multiband HF+VHF/UHF transceivers where meter automatically switches between
sensors according to operating band (HF vs VHF or UHF). For O2R contesting setups where only one
transceiver transmits at a time, AUTO mode is invaluable.
When EN OR 1 button and EN OR 2 buttons are pushed and held together for one second, meter switches
to DUAL mode. When meter switches to the DUAL mode, it provides measurement results of both sensors at
the same time.
Please note, AUTO mode and DUAL mode availability depends on selected METER MODE. It will be described
in details later, just to not panic if you can't do it right now :-) .
BAR GRAPHS SCALES and RANGES
Bar graphs in MΩRF are well featured and deeply customized indicators capable of displaying much more than
just power or WR. The selection of what is actually shown on the bar graph - one of available power readings
(forward, reflected, delivered, all these variants at antenna) or parts of the complex impedance or WR - can be
quickly set in CREEN EDIT mode (described below). Full functionality and settings of bar graphs will be
described in separate BAR GRAPH ETTING chapter, here, handling of scales and ranges is described.
At the very beginning one important note to remember. Information presented on bar graphs are always related
to one sensor, either EN OR 1 or EN OR 2 according to the EN OR selection (see above). In DUAL
mode, it is possible to select whether the bar graph shows data of EN OR 1 or EN OR 2 individually but both
bar graphs show data of one sensor. Remote Control application on computer shows four (4) bar graphs in
DUAL mode.
Both TOP BAR [1] and BOTTOM BAR [2] has its own POWER reading scale. There are three (3) linear scales
for each in 10/20/50 full scale divisions, and five RANGE multipliers: x0.1, x1, x10, x100, x1000. Last x1000
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multiplier is indicated by flashing x100 indicator. Bottom power reading scale is shortened to half. Final value is
given by multiplying indicated value on the current scale by RANGE multiplier.
Current scale on TOP bar is indicated by one of CALE indicators [3], and current RANGE is indicated by one of
RANGE indicators [5]. BOTTOM bar scale is indicated by its own CALE [4] and RANGE indicator [5]. While
scale indicators for top and bottom bar are separate, range indicators are shared and differentiated by color.
TOP bar uses GREEN range indicator, BOTTOM bar RED indicator. When RANGE multiplier for both bars is the
same (rare but may happen), RANGE indicator is YELLOW.
Any selected power type for top and/or bottom bar graph is always shown in W [Watt] units. When bar shows
POWER, both bars can have independently defined four (4) power ranges, and for each power range one of
three (3) available colors can be assigned, for each band, each screen separately. These ranges and not related
to scale ranges described above, they may start and end anywhere from 0W up to maximal power. Advantage of
colored ranges is readability. When you set for example 50-100W range to be shown in red color, power from
50-100W will always be shown in red color, regardless of scale range (it doesn't matter if you are in 100W scale
or 2000W scale). In this way you can make some nicely visible important power areas like optimal driving power
for amplifier, maximal power to certain antenna etc ...
When bottom bar [2] shows SWR instead of reflected power, it is indicated by YELLOW WR scale indicator [4].
WR has its own, specialized scale divided to four (4) linear sub-scales in order to achieve fast, simple and
precise readout. WR from 1.0 to 3.0 - the most important section - has linear division of 0.05 per bar segment.
It takes 80% of the bar length. WR from 3.0 to 4.0 has division of 0.2 per segment, from 4.0 to 7.0 division 1 per
segment, while WR 7 segment is lit when WR is up to 10. Last but one shows WR from 10 to 15, last one
everything higher than 15. ame as for the power, also for WR four (4) custom color ranges can be defined in
the BOTTOM BAR MENU, on per band basis, settings follow the same segmented scale, but this time in a same
division and ranges as are defined WR sub-scales.
When bars are configured to show parts of Co plex I pedance, the two scales printed in between the two LED
bars are used. cale above the central line applies to the top bar graph and shows Resistance R or Absolute
value of Impedance |Z| in 0 - 100Ω range. cale below the central line applies to the bottom bar graph and
shows Reactance X or Phase angle Φ in -100 to +100Ω or -100 to +100º range.
Bar graphs can operate in MANUAL or AUTO RANGE mode. ROTARY KNOB [14] is used to select the mode
and to select range in MANUAL mode. When rotated in CW direction it changes range from the lowest (least
sensitive) to the highest respectively. When rotated in CCW direction, very last CCW position is AUTO RANGE.
In AUTO RANGE mode meter switches range upward immediately but down-ranges with timeout. BAR
DOWNRANGING timeout is adjustable in Y TEM MENU | MI CELLANEOU if you don't like the default
value.
When rotary knob is depressed and rotated, it changes ranges for bottom bar in a same manner as for top bar.
In MANUAL mode it is possible to overload current range. Overloaded range is indicated by fast flashing CALE
indicator [3]. Each range allows 2% overload without overload indication. ince bar graphs are software driven,
there is no damage even if they are hugely overloaded for a long time, don't worry if it happens.
Last but one CCW range position of the rotary knob is percentage (%) range. When enabled, it is indicated by %
RANGE indicator [5]. This range is useful for instant checking if everything is as should be, because 100% power
level is always full deflection on linear scale without any range switching. 100% power levels can be precisely set
on per sensor, per band basis in EN OR MENU according to your specific requirements or available power.
100% power level value is also used in TUNE CREEN, optimized CREEN for tuning manual Power Amplifiers
or Antenna Tuners.
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6 – SCREENS
MΩRF provides measurement results in form of SCREENs. Every SCREEN is a group of measurements and
settings for Main display [8], Bar Graphs [1],[2], Alarms [6] and Tone Generator. Up to 16 screens can be
associated to each of EN OR1 and EN OR2, separately. The dedicated top ← [9] / → [10] buttons switch
between CREENs of one sensor. Each CREEN in the sequence can be turned on or off in the Y TEM
MENU | CREEN MANAGEMENT MENU.
Internally, CREENs are built on layout templates. The template defines, how the measurement results are
presented on main display [8], if they are displayed numerically (classic digital wattmeter appearance) or also
graphically (oscilloscope, spectrum or P K screens). There are several built in templates covering most of
situations user can face during regular operation, contesting as well as experimenting on antennas, amplifiers or
matching networks.
Bottom line:
Main Display template (including all related settings) + Bar Graphs (including all their settings) + Alar s
(individually enabled/disabled) + Tone Generator (including all its settings) forms one SCREEN.
STATUS BAR
On top of each screen, status indicators and bar graphs
function choice (or current antenna cable choice) is shown.
1. Frequency validity
•Using the calibration data, each measured sample undergoes an adjustment procedure, which needs
to know the frequency of incoming signal, therefore is important to see it on all the time. If measured
signal is very low in power, it may happen that the signal is too weak to measure its frequency, while
its amplitude is still well measurable to show the power. In this case the F indicator is off and meter
uses last measured frequency.
•If MΩRF is connected and coupled to microHAM device over iLINK port (MKII, MK2R+, M, MD),
it receives exact operating frequency from this device even if transceiver is not transmitting. Coupling
is set on a coupled device and on the MΩRF is coupling indicated by i indicator. When indicator lit
in half brightness, MΩRF confirms frequency reception. When is fully illuminated, MΩRF confirms
transmit status update from a coupled device.
2. LAN port status
•Indicates Ethernet port state and connection status.
•When off, MΩRF is not connected to LAN
•When lit in half brightness, MΩRF is physically connected to LAN but there is no active connection
from a computer.
•When is fully illuminated, LAN port is opened by remote device or computer.
3. Serial port status
•When lit, serial port transfers data.
4. T-BAR: Top Bar Graph data or ANT-S1/ANT-S2: Selected Antenna Cable
•hows what data are shown on TOP Bar graph.
•hows antenna cable selected for current frequency band for EN OR1/ EN OR2
5. B-BAR: Botto Bar Graph data or ANT-S1/ANT-S2: Selected Antenna Cable
•hows what data are shown on BOTTOM Bar Graph.
•hows antenna cable selected for current frequency band for EN OR1/ EN OR2
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EDIT MODE
Built in CREENs can be very easily customized in real time, cloned for the same layout but different
parameters, copied between sensors etc. As was written above, to each sensor up to 16 screens can be
associated, doesn't matter if they are built in, customized or cloned. You can have the same screen cloned with
same settings for main display because you like the template but you need different settings for bar graphs (for
example because you want slower movement on B) or for whatever reason.
To enter EDIT mode push briefly EDIT button [11]. To exit EDIT MODE push briefly EDIT button again.
In EDIT mode main display [8] shows some fields outlined. Outlined fields are parameters that can be changed,
customized. Basic and globally applicable golden rule is: “What is outlined, it can be changed”.
Outline around the parameter which fades in and out means that the parameter is selected and can be changed
by Rotary Knob. To move selection between parameters use ← and → CREEN buttons.
Built-in HELP
If you are unsure what some parameter means, push the rotary knob for short help. By rotating knob while you
are in the help window, you can scroll between all available choices and read at the same time what it means or
does. Push the knob or EDIT button to register new choice and exit from help window.
We've put a lot of effort to make short help available for virtually every item possible to change. Once you
read this manual completely, built-in help system should refresh your memory and make you able to set what you
want without reaching for this manual again. Hope you find the built-in help useful.
TWO POINT MEASUREMENTS, TX and ANT subscripts, - REF
When you look at most of CREENs you certainly wonder what these TX and ANT subscripted suffixes means.
They present another unique feature of the MΩRF called “two point measurement”.
Thanks to the calibration correction, MΩRF provides very accurate measurements related to the outer plane of
the LOAD connector at the sensor. This point is in MΩRF language called TX Feed Point and data measured
at this point are shown with TX suffix after the data type, like FWDTX for the forward power or WRTX for tanding
Wave Ratio.
Having measured all data at the TX Feed Point, MΩRF can mathematically work out powers and transmission
line parameters at the end of the cable where cable connects your antenna and show what happens there, how
much power is actually radiated. This point is called ANT Feed Point and data at this point are shown with ANT
suffix after the data type, like FWDANT for the forward power or WRANT for tanding Wave Ratio. Although these
data are calculated rather than measured, MΩRF includes precise models of over 30 commonly used coaxial
cables to choose from. Accuracy of provided results is directly related to the manufacturing differences of the
cable to its specification, accuracy of the user entered cable length and accuracy of the TX feed point
measurements. Good cable matches specifications within 5% according to cable manufacturer claims, how
accurately you measure and enter physical cable length is up to you. The SENSOR MENU - ANTENNA
CABLES chapter deals with antenna cables in more detail. Please note, by default MΩRF uses lossless 50Ω
cable model for all ANT Feed Points
to avoid any confusion while you
aren't familiar with this feature. It
doesn't matter if you choose TX or
ANT Feed Point until you edit
ANTENNA CABLE table. Till than
result will be the same, providing
values of TX Feed point in both cases.
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Another suffix used in provided measurements is superscripted -REF as in FWDTX-REF
-REF abbreviation appears only after forward power (FWD) and stands for delivered po er, power which was
transferred to the cable or to the antenna, cleared of reflected power.
FWDTX-REF = (Forward Power – Reflected Power) ; delivered power to the coaxial cable connecting antenna
FWDANT-REF = (Forward Power – Reflected Power) ; actual delivered power to the antenna
BAR GRAPHS FUNCTIONS
How bar graphs scales and ranges work was already explained, now we look at bar graphs functions and
settings. While settings for top and bottom bar graph are almost identical, function sets available for each are
much different.
Please note, bar graph function and settings are remembered separately for each EN OR and each
CREEN. It means that you can have different bar graph behavior for every screen or screen copy. Anyway,
when you are happy with new settings and you want to just clone them to another screen or sensor you can copy
bar graph settings in Y TEM MENU – CREEN MANAGEMENT (described later).
To change function of the bar graph you have to enter EDIT mode and select field (parameter) right next to
T-BAR: or B-BAR: icon in top TATU bar, depends on if you want to change top or bottom bar function. When
parameter is selected, you can change function by rotating the knob.
TOP BAR GRAPH FUNCTIONS
1. FWD-REF – TX – PK
•Peak envelope forward power minus reflected power (delivered power) at the TX feed point.
2. FWD-REF – TX – AVG
•Average forward power minus reflected power (delivered power) at the TX ( ensor) feed point.
3. FWD – TX – PK
•Peak envelope forward power at the TX ( ensor) feed point.
4. FWD – TX – AVG
•Average forward power at the TX ( ensor) feed point.
5. FWD-REF – ANT – PK
•Peak envelope forward power minus reflected power at the ANT (Antenna) feed point.
6. FWD-REF – ANT – AVG
•Average forward power minus reflected power at the ANT (Antenna) feed point.
7. FWD – ANT – PK
•Peak envelope forward power at the ANT (Antenna) feed point.
8. FWD – ANT – AVG
•Average forward power Power at the ANT (Antenna) feed point.
9. Z – TX – R
•Real part of rectangular coordinates complex impedance at the TX ( ensor) point.
10. Z – TX – |Z|
•Absolute value of polar coordinates complex impedance at the TX ( ensor) point.
11. Z – ANT – R
•Real part of rectangular coordinates complex impedance at the ANT (Antenna) feed point.
12. Z – ANT – |Z|
•Absolute value of polar coordinates complex impedance at the ANT (Antenna) feed point.
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BOTTOM BAR GRAPH FUNCTIONS
1. SWR – TX
•tanding Wave Ratio at the TX ( ensor) feed point.
2. SWR – ANT
•tanding Wave Ratio at the ANT (Antenna) feed point.
3. REF – TX – PK
•Peak envelope reflected power at the TX ( ensor) feed point.
4. REF – TX – AVG
•Average reflected power at the TX ( ensor) feed point.
5. REF – ANT – PK
•Peak envelope reflected power at the ANT (Antenna) feed point.
6. REF – ANT – AVG
•Average reflected power power at the ANT (Antenna) feed point.
7. Z – TX – X
•Imaginary part of rectangular coordinates complex impedance at the TX ( ensor) feed point.
8. Z – ANT – X
•Imaginary part of rectangular coordinates complex impedance at the ANT (Antenna) feed point.
9. Z – TX – Φ
•Phase value of polar coordinates complex impedance at the TX ( ensor) feed point.
10. Z – ANT – Φ
•Phase value of polar coordinates complex impedance at the ANT (Antenna) feed point.
11. Z – TX – R + jX
•Dual display of rectangular coordinates complex impedance.
R (green) + jX (red) at the TX ( ensor) feed point.
12. Z – ANT – R + jX
•Dual display of rectangular coordinates complex impedance.
R (green) + jX (red) at the ANT (Antenna) feed point.
13. Z – TX – |Z|Φ
•Dual display of polar coordinates complex impedance.
|Z| (green) Φ (red) at the TX ( ensor) feed point.
14. Z – ANT – |Z|Φ
•Dual display of polar coordinates complex impedance.
|Z| (green) Φ (red) at the ANT (Antenna) feed point.
BAR GRAPHS SETTINGS
To change bar graph settings you have to enter TOP LED BAR or BOTTOM LED BAR menu. We haven't
described MENU system yet, but these two MENU items have shortcuts from the main display screen, so we can
do it a bit later. To enter in by shortcut, you have to go to the EDIT mode by pushing briefly EDIT button and
selecting T-BAR: or B-BAR: icon in TATU bar. When icon is selected push EDIT button again and you will be
directly moved to the TOP or the BOTTOM LED BAR MENU, depends if you have pushed EDIT button on T-
BAR: or B-BAR: icon respectively.
Bar graph settings for top and bottom bar graph are same, only difference is that bottom bar graph has additional
settings for WR colors.
1. MODE
•Changes bar graph drawing mode. DOT draws just one segment of actual value, BAR draws all
segments from left up to actual value.
2. AVG ATTACK/DECAY
•ets averaging time constants used for average values (AVG).
Range: 0 – 2000ms, tep: 10ms.
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3. PK ATTACK
•ets attack time used for peak values (PK).
Range: 0 – 200ms, tep: 1ms.
4. PK DECAY
•ets decay time used for peak values (PK).
Range: 0 – 200ms, tep: 1ms.
5. PEAK HOLD
•Turns ON/OFF peak hold function. When enabled, peak value is held on its position as one segment.
Higher peak value resets lower peak value.
6. HOLD TIME
•ets how long the peak segment will be lit on its position. Occurrence of higher peak value during the
hold will restart this time.
Range: 0 – 20s, tep: 100ms.
7. P-H DECAY
•ets decay time for peak-hold segment.
Range: 0 – 20s, tep: 100ms.
8. EDIT POWER COLOR TABLE
•Defines four (4) custom power ranges and colors on per band basis.
Example:
BAND COLOR POWER COLOR POWER COLOR POWER COLOR
1 0m GRN 8W YEL 10W GRN 40W RED
10. EDIT SWR COLOR TABLE
•Defines four (4) custom WR ranges and colors on per band basis.
Applicable to bottom bar graph only.
Example:
BAND COLOR POWER COLOR POWER COLOR POWER COLOR
1 0m GRN 1.50 YEL 2.00 RED 3.00 RED
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MENU SYSTEM - INTRODUCTION
In above chapter we mentioned MENU system. To edit all parameters, tables and functions, MΩRF has
extensive, still easy to understand MENU system. MENU system has a tree structure always starting from the
root MAIN MENU, having separate branches for global settings - SYSTEM MENU, sensor related settings -
SENSOR 1, 2 MENU, alarms settings for each sensor - ALARM 1, 2 MENU and four (4) MENU items for each
CREEN: TOP LED BAR, BOTTOM LED BAR, SCREEN MENU and TONE GENERATOR.
Push and hold for one second MENU button [11] to enter into root MAIN MENU tree. MENU system has auto-
exit, it means that to exit MENU you have to pass through any branch of the MENU tree by repeatedly briefly
pressing MENU button, until reaching the end of the given branch-chain and returning to the main CREEN.
In BAR GRAPH ETTING chapter we have described TOP LED BAR MENU and BOTTOM LED BAR MENU.
Now we are going to take a look at last two MENU items coupled to the CREEN, and it is TONE GENERATOR
and CREEN MENU.
TONE GENERATOR
Tone generator can be considered as an independent instrument built-in the MΩRF. It can be used
independently and simultaneously with other MΩRF functions for many different measurements on transceiver
and power amplifier. ince Tone Generator is a part of the CREEN, it remembers its settings for each CREEN
separately.
Output can be set to generate single sine wave and two tone signal from 150Hz up to 10kHz in 1Hz resolution,
white and pink noise, and amplitude or frequency sweep. Generated output signal works in continuous or single
shot mode with adjustable time duration.
Transformer isolated output is compatible with both balanced and unbalanced microphone inputs, output level is
adjustable over 100dB range in peak-to-peak volts. Output jack contains also open collector PTT keying output,
always active when generator generates some signal. Audio PTT output has large, fixed 100ms lead time to
prevent any kind of hot switching.
Internally generator works on DD principle in 32-bit precision, using 214 long sample look-up table for quarter
period of the sine waveform. Output is sent to the differential 24bit D/A converter clocked at 160ksps rate.
TONE GENERATOR SETTINGS
1. OUTPUT
•START/STOP choice enables or disables generator output. When generator is in the INGLE shot
mode, output is automatically disabled when generation TIME expires.
2. SIGNAL
•SINGLE TONE generates single, sine wave tone of the frequency defined in FREQ.1 field and of
amplitude defined in LEVEL1 field.
•DUAL TONE generates dual tone. FREQ.1 and LEVEL 1 fields defines frequency and amplitude of
the first tone, FREQ. 2 and LEVEL 2 fields defines frequency and amplitude of the second tone.
•WHITE NOISE generates white noise signal of LEVEL 1 amplitude.
•PINK NOISE generates pink noise signal of LEVEL 1 amplitude.
•AMPLITUDE SWEEP generates amplitude sweep with linear or logarithmic response according to
the CALE field definition and of frequency defined in FREQ. 1 field. Amplitude is swept from the
LEVEL 1 to the LEVEL 2, duration is defined in the TIME filed.
•FREQUENCY SWEEP generates sweep in frequency with linear or logarithmic response according
to the CALE field definition and of amplitude defined in LEVEL 1 field. Frequency is swept from the
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FREQ. 1 to the FREQ. 2, duration is defined in the TIME field.
3. MODE
•SINGLE/CONTINUOUS.
If CONTINUOU , generator generates output signal until stopped manually. If INGLE, generator
generates output only for time specified in the TIME field, then stops automatically.
4. TIME
•pecifies duration of the output signal generation for the single shot mode, and specifies the ramp
time/repetition rate of sweeps. Range: 10 – 9900ms, tep: 10/100ms.
5. SCALE
•ets LINEAR or LOGARITHMIC response characteristic for sweeps.
6. FREQ. 1
•pecifies frequency for the first tone or starting frequency for the frequency sweep.
Range: 150Hz – 9999Hz, tep: 1Hz.
7. FREQ. 2
•pecifies frequency for the second tone or final frequency for the frequency sweep.
Range: 150Hz – 9999Hz, tep: 1Hz.
8. LEVEL 1
•pecifies amplitude for the first tone or starting signal level for the amplitude sweep.
Range: 1μV – 130mVp-p, tep: 1
9. LEVEL 2
•pecifies amplitude for the second tone or final signal level for the amplitude sweep.
Range: 1μV – 130mVp-p, tep: 1
10. MONITOR
•Enables and sets monitoring level of signal generator output through internal speaker.
Please note, if you do require extreme output signal purity, keep it OFF.
CONNECTING TONE OUTPUT TO THE TRANSCEIVER
Tone generator output is located at the rear panel, at the TE T TONE jack. Its output is designed to be directly
connected to the microphone jack of all common transceivers, however, user is supposed to build own cable
according to following instructions. Jack is 3.5mm, 4 pole type. Audio uses two poles for microphone signal and
microphone ground. PTT uses another two poles for PTT and PTT ground. PTT ground is internally connected to
the system ground of the meter, audio ground is isolated. Use shielded cable and chart below, shield has to be
used for PTT ground (PTT GND).
Microphone pin index AB X Y
Signal na e PTT PTT
GND
MIC MIC
GND
Mobile Icom (RJ45 jack microphone) 4 7 6 5
Desktop Icom (Foster 8 jack microphone) 5 6 1 7
Kenwood T -480 (RJ45 jack microphone) 5 4 3 6
Kenwood & Elecraft (Foster 8 jack microphone) 2 8 1 7
Mobile Yaesu (RJ45 jack microphone) 6 7 5 4
Desktop Yaesu, TenTec (Foster 8 jack microphone) 6 5 8 7
TenTec (Foster 4 jack microphone) 3 4 1 2
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SCREEN MENU
This menu serves for setting up the CREEN to meet user requirements. CREEN Menu contains data which
are the same (but independently adjustable) for each CREEN, as well as data specific to particular CREEN
e.g. trigger source for Oscilloscope screen or display type for pectrum screen. These specific data will be
explained in individual CREEN TEMPLATE chapters, here we describe common settings for all screens.
1. AVG ATTACK/DECAY
•ets averaging time constants used for average values (AVG).
Range: 0 – 2000ms, tep: 10ms.
2. UPDATE
•ets update rate of numerical AVG values.
Range: 0 – 1000ms, tep: 10ms
3. PEAK HOLD
•ets for how long the peak value is kept displayed till resets to new, lower peak value. Higher peak
value overwrites old peak value immediately.
4. TUNE JUMP
•Enables or disables automatic switching to TUNE screen when MΩRF detects tuning signal. When
this function is enabled, MΩRF inspects incoming signal waveform and if waveform matches
defined criteria for “tuning detection” automatically jumps to the TUNE screen. When tuning signal
disappears (waveform changes character), screen returns back from TUNE to original screen.
pecial ability of the MΩRF is to suppress power overshoots. These
overshoots can be caused by poor power supply regulation and ALC.
Virtually every transceiver generates overshoots at the beginning of
transmission until ALC loop stabilizes (hundreds μs up to several ms).
Exact time and amplitude of overshoots can be easily measured on the
Oscilloscope screen (described later).
MΩRF has very fast measurement and reliably captures every overshoot with multiple samples. Once you are
aware that this happens, it can be annoying to see “bumped” peak and peak hold values on regular basis every
time ALC loop timeouts and transceiver generates new overshoot. To help with this problem, MΩRF allows to
turn on filter to UPPRE OVER HOOT .
5. SUPPRESS OVERSHOOTS
•YE enables overshoot suppressing filter. This function is not generally applicable to all screens
when enabled. Advanced metering screens like the Oscilloscope or the pectrum screens
intentionally do not suppress overshoots. Also please note, that suppression filter will have impact to
peak reading amplitude of B signals, where peaks of short duration are normal. Therefore for B
screens is recommended to turn suppression off (NO).
6. TIME
•ets time used by overshoot suppressing filter. Exact value is specific to every transceiver and can
be measured on the Oscilloscope screen. Good value to start with is 2ms.
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Oscilloscope screen showing ALC overshot on initial
dot of CW signal (“bump” on leading edge).

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SCREEN ALARMS
Alarms settings and adjustments will be described in details in separate chapters, but now it is necessary to put
in some introduction.
MΩRF has built-in five (5) type of user configurable alarms in three (3), “importance” levels. Each alarm
“importance” level (Warning, Alarm, Fault) can be individually configured for related action (visibility, audibility
and TX break) for two power levels on per sensor, per band basis.
There are three (3) commonly used alarms – SWR Alarm, High Power Alarm, and Low Power Alarm and two
advanced alarms – PSK IMD alarm and ARCING alarm.
While Alarms settings are individual for each sensor, their settings apply to all sensor's CREENs.
CREEN MENU allows further setting, individually enable or disable each level of main three alarms ( WR, Hi-
Power, Lo-Power) on per screen basis. For example, in this way you can disable Warning and Alarm level
keeping just Faults of WR or Low Power alarms in specific measurement screens (oscilloscope) or entirely
disable Low Power alarm for P K screen, etc etc … as you wish to best fit to your needs.
To enable (YE ) or disable (NO) particular importance level of the alarm, select required cell in the table and turn
the knob.
WARNING ALARM FAULT
SWR NO YES YES
Hi-POWER NO YES YES
Lo-POWER NO NO YES
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7 - SINGLE SENSOR SCREEN TEMPLATES
In following chapters we are going to describe single sensor CREEN templates, their purpose of use, settings
and available functions.
STANDARD SCREEN
tandard screen is a general screen providing four (4) user configurable measurements. Each measurement is
related to one of two points of measurements (TX or ANT), has its numerical value, UNIT and TYPE.
UNIT :
tandard screen supports three (3) configurable power units:
•Watts [W]
•Decibels referenced to 1mW [dBm]
•Decibels referenced to 1W [dBW]
For example:
0dBm = 1mW, 50dBm = 100W, 53dBm = 200W, 60dBm = 1kW
0dBW = 1W, 20dBW = 100W, 23dBW = 200W, 30dBW = 1kW.
TYPE:
After the UNIT field, TYPE is displayed as subscript. MΩRF supports four power types:
•PK – Peak Envelope Power
•AVG – Average Power. Averaging time is defined in the CREEN MENU.
•TPK – Total Peak Power. Maximal peak power achieved within one transmission cycle.
•TAV – Total Average Power. Average power of one transmission cycle.
Available measurements:
1. FORWARD POWER
•FWDTX-REF
Peak envelope forward power minus reflected power (delivered power) at the TX feed point.
•FWDANT-REF
Peak envelope forward power minus reflected power (delivered power) at the ANT feed point.
•FWDTX
Forward power at the TX ( ensor) feed point.
•FWDANT
Forward power at the ANT (Antenna) feed point.
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