5. 6. Carrier (1) and modulator (2) audio inputs. Warps expects modular-level signals (typically 10Vpp,
up to 20Vpp).
7. Modulator output (1x2). This is the main audio output.
8. Auxiliary output. This output carries, when the internal oscillator is disabled, the sum of the carrier and
the modulator, post VCA. Otherwise, it carries the raw waveform from the internal oscillator.
MODULATION ALGORITHMS
Crossfade
The carrier and modulator are crossfaded into each other, using a constant-power law. TIMBRE controls
the crossfading position - both signals are equally mixed at 12 o’clock.
Crossfolding
The carrier and modulator are summed, a tiny bit of cross-modulation product is added to spice things up,
and the resulting signal is sent to a wavefolder the amount of which is controlled by TIMBRE.
Diode ring-modulation
The carrier and modulator are crudely multiplied, using a digital model of a diode ring-modulator. TIMBRE
post-processes the resulting signal with a variable amount of gain (and emulated diode clipping).
Digital ring-modulation
A gentler version of the previous algorithm which uses a proper multiplication operation in the digital
domain, which will sound more similar to all the AD633-based analog ring-modulators out there! TIMBRE
post-processes the signal with a gain boost and soft-clipping.
XOR modulation
Both carrier and modulator are converted to 16-bit integers, and the two resulting numbers are XOR’ed bit
by bit. TIMBRE controls which bits are XOR’ed together.
Comparison and rectification
A handful of signals are synthesized through comparison operations (“replace the negative portion of the
carrier’s signal by the modulator”, “if the absolute value of the carrier is greater than the absolute value of
the modulator, output the modulator else the carrier”…). TIMBRE morphs through these signals (some of
which having an octave pedal flavor).
Vocoder
A classic implementation of an analog vocoder, with a bank of 20 analysis and 20 synthesis third-octave
48dB filters. The modulator sub-band signals are processed by envelope followers from which are derived
the gains of each of the carrier sub-band signals. TIMBRE warps the connections between the
modulator’s envelope followers and the carrier’s gain elements - effectively shifting up or down the
formants extracted from the modulator signal.
As the ALGORITHM knob is turned clockwise, the release time of the envelope followers is increased.
By turning the knob fully clockwise, the modulator signal is frozen. The carrier is filtered by whichever
formants were present in the modulator signal before the knob reached this position.
INTERNAL OSCILLATOR
Press the INT. OSC button (C) to enable the internal oscillator or select its waveform. Because cross-
modulation algorithms work best with harmonically simple signals, while vocoders work better with
