NEC PASOLINK+ User manual

2002 NEC Corporation MTD-PL-028
141005
PASOLINK+
6-38 GHz 155 MB DIGITAL RADIO SYSTEM
(1 + 0 / 1 + 1 SYSTEM)
This document describes the current version of NEC standard equipment. If
there is any conflict between this document and the System Description and/or
the Compliance statement, the latter will supersede this document.
The specifications or configuration contained in this document are subject to
change without notice due to NEC's continuing design improvement.
NEC Corporation

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS........…...….…...............…...............…....…......………….….........ii
1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1
2. FEATURES......................................................................................................................... 3
2.1 Advanced Technologies and Superb Performance........................................................3
2.2 High System Gain............................................................................................................3
2.3 Easy and Quick Installation.............................................................................................3
2.4 Common platform architecture.......................................................................................3
2.5Frequency Agility and Easy Tuning.................................................................................3
2.6TX Power Control............................................................................................................3
2.7System Flexibility.............................................................................................................3
2.8Maintenance Facilities .....................................................................................................4
2.9Service Channels (Please see 4.2 Service Channel for available channel)...................4
2.10 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)..........................................................................4
2.11 Conformity with the ITU................................................................................................4
3. RELIABILITY AND QUALITY............................................................................................ 7
4. INTERFACE........................................................................................................................ 9
4.1 Digital Signal Interface.....................................................................................................9
4.2 Service Channel (SC)....................................................................................................10
4.3 RF Port..........................................................................................................................10
4.4 Alarm Signal Interface....................................................................................................10
5. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ......................................................................................... 11
5.1 Protection Capability......................................................................................................11
5.2 Antenna..........................................................................................................................11
5.3 Transmitter-Receiver (ODU).........................................................................................11
5.4 Indoor Unit (IDU) ............................................................................................................12
5.5 Other Tools and Materials .............................................................................................13
5.6 Option Panel..................................................................................................................14
6. PERFORMANCE.............................................................................................................. 21
6.1 Performance..................................................................................................................21
6.2 IDU.................................................................................................................................23
6.3 Service Channels (Please see 4.2 Service Channel for available channels)..............23
6.4 General..........................................................................................................................24
6.5 Events............................................................................................................................25
6.6 Indication........................................................................................................................25
6.7 House Keeping Alarm/Control Interface........................................................................26
6.8 Alarm Items....................................................................................................................27
6.9 Performance Monitoring/Metering Items........................................................................28

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
AMI Alternate Mark Inversion
ANT Antenna
APC Automatic Phase Control
ATPC Automatic Transmitter
Power Control
ATT Attenuator
B8ZS Binary 8-Zero Substitution
BACK-
Pressure Anti-congestion control
BB Base Band
BBE Background Block Error
BER Bit Error Rate
BER-M Bit Error Rate Measuring
CBL Cable
CKT Circuit
CMI Coded Mark Inversion
CN Carrier to Noise
CONV Converter
CTRL Control
DEM Demodulator
DI Data Input
DO Data Output
DPU Digital Processor Unit
DSC Digital Service Channel
EMC Electromagnetic
Compatibility
EOW Engineering Order Wire
ES Errored Seconds
Ethernet LAN specification along
IEEE802.3
FEC Forward Error Correction
FIL Filter
FOTS Fiber Optical Transport
System
HDB3High Density Bipolar order 3
HIC Hybrid Integrated Circuit
HYB Hybrid
IDU Indoor Unit
IEC International
Electrotechnical Comission
IF Intermediate Frequency
INS Insertion
INTFC Interface
ITU-R Radio Communication
Sector of ITU
ITU-T Telecommunication Sector
of ITU
LCT Local Craft Terminal
LDC Laser Diode Current
LO Local Oscillator
LOF Loss of Frame
LOS Loss of Signal
MAINT Maintenance
MIC Microwave Integrated Circuit
MLC Multi-level Coding
MLCM Multi-level Code Modulation
Technique

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MMIC Monolithic Microwave
Integrated Circuit
MOD Modulator
MODEM Modulator Demodulator
MTPC Manual Transmitter Power
Control
MUX Multiplexer
NE Network Element
OC Over Current
ODU Outdoor Unit
OFS Out of Frame Seconds
OH EXT Overhead Extension
OPT Optical
OW Order Wire
PBR Parity Bit Error Rate
PM CARD PASOLINK Management
Card
ppm parts per million
PS Power Supply
PWR Power
QAM Quadrature Amplitude
Modulation
R-BER Residual Bit Error Rate
RF Radio Frequency
RFCOH Radio Frame
Complementary Overhead
RMT Remote
RS Reed Solomon coding
RSL Received Signal Level
RSOH Regenerator Section Overhead
RX Receiver
SC Service Channel
SDH Synchronous Digital
Hierarchy
SES Severely Errored Seconds
STM Synchronous Transport
Module
T-R Transmitter Receiver
TX Transmitter
UAS Unavailable Seconds
VF Voice Frequency
WS Wayside

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1. INTRODUCTION
NEC’s new PASOLINK+series; 6-38 GHz 155 Mbps Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)
microwave radio systems are designed to transmit one synchronous transport module (STM-
1, 155 Mbps). They operate at the 6-38 GHz radio frequency band using quadrature amplitude
modulation (32-QAM or 128-QAM), and have a transmission capacity of OC3 or STM-1. In
addition to the PASOLINK+systems for short distance links, NEC offers a complete product
line of STM-1 radio systems that includes the 4, L6, 7, 8, 13 GHz 155 Mbps 128 QAM and 4,
5, U6, 8, 11 GHz 155 Mbps 64 QAM systems for long distance use. For those systems,
please refer to the other technical descriptions.
The PASOLINK+radio systems are fully compatible with SDH Network Elements (NE). The
systems consist of antennas, outdoor units (ODU), and indoor units (IDU). They are
connected through a coaxial cable for each radio channel. Available configurations are non-
protection type (1 + 0) and protection type (1 + 1). The protection type is available for twin-
path type and hot-standby type.
Regarding antenna configurations there are two types available. There is a one-antenna
system employing hybrid (HYB) RF combiner and divider, and a two-antenna system method
using each antenna for two ODUs independently. The hybrid is the passive device that
combines and divides the signals between two ODUs and an antenna. Therefore, the one-
antenna system requires only a single antenna, however, additional loss between ODUs and
antenna have to be considered. On the other hand, the two-antenna system has high system
gain as same as non-protection type.
STM-1 interface can be selected for electrical or optical. Therefore, PASOLINK+systems are
useful in fiber optical transport system (FOTS). Additionally, Fast Ethernet interface can be
selected for IP network.
The PASOLINK+employs a full digital MODEM using enhanced signal processing techniques
and forward error correction (FEC).Moreover, the bit-error-rate characteristics against
receiver input signals are excellent for applying FEC (32-QAM System: MLCM (multi-level
code modulation) and RS (Reed Solomon method), 128-QAM System : QAM and RS).
The equipment can be installed easily and quickly using a PC (as Local Craft Terminal),and
as a maintenance tool.

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Type 1 Type 2
11-38 GHz 128 QAM/32 QAM type 6-8 GHz 128 QAM type
(0.3m Diameter Antenna) (Low Loss Coaxial cable connection to Antenna)
Figure 1. Antenna and (1 + 0) ODU
Figure 2-1. Indoor Unit (IDU) 1 + 0 Configuration
Figure 2-2. Indoor Unit (IDU) 1 + 1 Configuration

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2. FEATURES
2.1 Advanced Technologies and Superb Performance
Throughout the SDH radio system, NEC’s own advanced technologies are used. Intensive
use of Microwave Integrated Circuits (MIC’s) and Hybrid IC’s (HIC’s) make the TRP durable
and compact. Also, custom made large-scale integrated circuits (LSI’s) are applied. For
example, a new digital MODEM is incorporated in a single LSI chip, specially developed by
NEC for the radio equipment. Furthermore, low-power high-speed complementary metal
oxide semiconductor (CMOS) LSI’s are extensively used, making the equipment more
compact and reducing the power consumption.
2.2 High System Gain
•Multi-Level Coding Modulation (MLCM) is applied to ensure a better error performance(32
QAM System).
•Forward Error Correction (FEC) with Reed-Solomon coding is equipped to improve BER
performance.
2.3 Easy and Quick Installation
•Interconnection: Only one coaxial cable and automatic equalization (up to 450 m by using
12D-FB cable)
•Compact and Light
•Various mounting methods for IDU, ODU, and antenna
2.4 Common platform architecture
•The ODU of 128 QAM type can be used for 32 QAM type.
2.5Frequency Agility and Easy Tuning
•Field tunable local-oscillator (Synthesizer)
•RF point frequency can be changed through LCT (Local Craft Terminal, except 6 –8 GHz)
•Frequency Tunable without changing RF FIL on Subband basis.
2.6TX Power Control
•ATPC (Automatic Transmitter Power Control) reduces interference to neighboring
systems, improves residual BER performance, alleviates upfade problems. The adjustable
range of ATPC is -20 dB to 0 dB (128-QAM) and –23 dB to 0 dB (32-QAM).
•MTPC (Manual Transmitter Power Control) is also available through LCT. The adjustable
range of MTPC is –20 dB to 0 dB (128-QAM) and –23 dB to 0 dB (32-QAM) at 1 dB step.
2.7System Flexibility
•(1 + 0) Unprotected
•(1 + 1) Hot-standby
•(1 + 1) Hot-standby with Space Diversity
•(1 + 1) Twin-path (Hitless switching)
•IDU is commonly used for all frequency bands.
(In case of 1+1 Hot-standby or twin-path system, either one antenna system with hybrid
combiner or two antenna system excluding hybrid combiner is chosen. Please refer to Fig. 3
(a), (b).)
1 + 1 Hybrid combiner: NEC provides 3 dB balance-type hybrid combiner.

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2.8Maintenance Facilities
•Pre-settable BER alarm point: 10-4, 10-5, 10-6
•IF, Baseband (near end, far end) loop back (without external equipment)
•Remote monitoring of ODU operating condition on IDU
•Calling facility between IDU’s
2.9Service Channels (Please see 4.2 Service Channel for available channel)
•Order Wire : IDU-IDU/IDU-ODU/ODU-ODU party line connection
(EOW) (EOW system using PASOLINK MONITOR (option) at ODU)
•Digital Port : 64 kbps Sync., 2 ch standard
•VF Port : 0.3 to 3.4 kHz (1 ch) 600 ohms, 2 ch standard
•Wayside : 2.048/1.544 Mbps, 1 ch (optional at 32 QAM STM-1)
•10 Base-T : 1 ch (optional; exclusive use in other service channels)
•Cluster Alarm : 2 ch (optional; auxiliary alarm transmission)
2.10 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
•Complies to ETS 300385
2.11 Conformity with the ITU
•Conformity with the relevant ITU-R, ITU-T Recommendations and European
Telecommunication Standard (ETSI)
ANTENNA
ODU 1
HYBRID
ODU 2
Figure 3(a). Ways to Mount the 1 + 1 PASOLINK+using a single Antenna

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Figure 3(b). Ways to Mount the 1 + 1 PASOLINK+using two Antennas

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3. RELIABILITY AND QUALITY
NEC’s PASOLINK+utilizes advanced VLSI, MIC and MMIC technology for all-solid-state
circuitry from data input to RF output.
NEC plants are located all over the world, and quality control is carefully monitored in every
manufacturing step, such as parts selection, assembly, adjustment and testing. NEC Quality
Controls employing Zero Defect and Value Engineering Techniques extend to every aspect of
production and inspection in accordance with stringent Total Quality Control programs. In
addition, NEC plants have obtained ISO 9001 certifications.

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4. INTERFACE
The NEC PASOLINK+system has the ITU-T standard interface conditions as listed below:
4.1 Digital Signal Interface
1) Main, Traffic, Electrical (STM-1) [Selectable]
•Type (ITU-T G.703) : In station section, full functionality
•Bit Rate : 155.520 Mbit/s ±20 ppm
•Level : 1 Vp-p (nominal)
TX accepts 12.7 dB cable loss at 78 MHz
•Code Format : CMI
•Impedance : 75 ohms, unbalanced (nominal)
•Connector : IEC 169-13
2) Main Traffic, Optical (STM-1) [Selectable]
•Type (ITU-T G.957) : S-1.1 (Inter-Office)
•Bit Rate : 155.52 Mbit/s ±20 ppm
•Level : S-1.1 -8 to -15 dBm (transmit level)
-8 to -28 dBm (receive level)
•Connector : FC/PC
3) Main Traffic, Optical mono fiber (STM-1) [Selectable]
•Bit Rate : 155.520 Mbit/s ±20 ppm
•Transmit Wavelength : A type = 1310 nm
: B type = 1550 nm
•Receive Wavelength : A type = 1550 nm
: B type = 1310 nm
•Mean Optical Output Power : -7 dBm (typ.)
•Minimum Receive Overload Power : -3 dBm
•Minimum Receive Sensitivity : -23 dBm
•Connector : FC/PC
4) SOH Termination
lSOH Termination : RST
(Full transparent transmission for SOH at default setting.)
(E1 and F1 byte can be used for DSC.)
5) Main Traffic, Ethernet (10/100 Base-T(X)) [Selectable]
•Type : 10 Base-T/100 Base-TX (Auto-sensing or fixed)
•Port Number and Interface : 2 (Each port is separated), RJ45
•Transmission Rate (Port 1 + Port 2) : 100 Mbps + 50 Mbps,75 Mbps + 75 Mbpsor
2 ch. best effort selectable
•Flow control : Full Duplex or Half Duprex (Backpressure)/
Auto negotiation

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•Forwarding Mode : Store-and-Forwarding
(This interface card is worked as“Ehernet
Bridge.”) (This interface card is compliant with
IEEE802.3.)
4.2 Service Channel (SC)
32 QAM STM-1 128 QAM STM-1 Connector
Order wire (Voice) 1 ch 1 ch Head set receptacle
DSC 64 Kbps Sync. V.11
contra/co-directional selectable 2 ch standard 2 ch standard D-sub 37 pin
ASC (0.3-3.4 kHz) 4W
600 ohms 2 ch standard 2 ch standard D-sub 37 pin
Wayside 2.048 Mbps/1.544 Mbps*1
(G.703) 1 ch optional N/A D-sub 9 pin
10 Base-T *1 2 Mbps 1 ch optional 64 kbps 1 ch optional*2 RJ45
Cluster ALM 2 ch optional 2 ch optional D-sub 15 pin
*1: Wayside and 10 Base-T are used exclusively each other.
*2: This option needs one channel of DSC or ASC.
4.3 RF Port
•Interface
Coaxial :6-8 GHz SMA Coaxial connector
(N type optional)
Waveguide : 11 GHz waveguide PDR 100
: 13-15 GHz waveguide PBR 140
: 18-23 GHz waveguide PBR 220
: 26 GHz waveguide PBR 260
: 38 GHz waveguide PBR 320
Antenna direct mount : 11-38 GHz NEC original interface
•Polarization : Vertical or Horizontal (field changeable)
(waveguide type)
4.4 Alarm Signal Interface
•Interface : Relay Contact(Form-C)
•Connector : 25-way D-sub

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5. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
5.1 Protection Capability
PASOLINK+provides a protection switching system of Hot-standby protection (1 + 1), and
twin-path protection (1 + 1).
1. Non-Protection System
Non-protection system consists of one ODU, one IDU for 1 + 0 System, and one antenna.
2. Hot-Standby System
Hot-Standby system consists of two ODUs, one IDU for 1 + 1 system, and one or two sets of
antennas. The protection switch of this systems is performed by the TX switches on the
ODUs at the transmitting end and Hitless switch on the 150 M INTFC (or OPT INTFC) module
in the IDU at the receiving end.
3. Twin-path System
Twin-Path system consists of two ODUs, one IDU for 1 + 1 System, and two sets of
antennas. The protection switch of this system is performed by the Hitless switch on the 150
M INTFC (or OPT INTFC) module in the IDU at the receiving end.
5.2 Antenna
The complete menu of PASOLINK+antennas includes diameters of 0.3m to 1.8m. They are
designed to meet stringent requirements on mechanical rigidity. Antennas with diameters of
0.3m to 1.8m can be mounted directly to the ODU, making waveguides obsolete. This has
relevant cost and reliability merits and makes the installation quicker and easier. The
PASOLINK+pole mounting structure is designed in a way that the ODU can be replaced while
keeping the antenna and mounting bracket, including orientation, in place. The reflectors of the
antennas are covered with white diffusive paint and the mounting structure is hot-dip
galvanized.
In the 6 -8 GHz band, coaxial or waveguide cable with transducer is used for connecting
between the ODU and IDU.
5.3 Transmitter-Receiver (ODU)
A block diagram is shown in Figure 4-5.
The transmitter-receiver is designed to handle a STM-1 signal in 6-38 GHz bands. The
equipment is designed to withstand severe weather conditions.
32/128-Quadrature amplitude modulation (32/128 QAM) is applied.
Local Oscillator is employed for APC (Automatic Phase Control) loop circuit at the transmitter
and receiver.

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5.4 Indoor Unit (IDU)
The IDU consists of six (6) panels that have following functions.(Figure 4-1)
1. ODUINTFC
•Performing the multiplexing/demultiplexing of the transmitting signal, receiving signal, SV and
EOW signal
•Compensating the signal loss depending on IF cable length
•Automatic Gain control
2. 32 QAM MODEM/128 QAM MODEM
•32/128 QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), Modulator/Demodulator
•Compensating quality degradation caused by fading
•Error correction of burst error using the Reed –Solomon encoding/decoding
•MLC (Multi Level Code) encoding/decoding. (Only for 32-AM)
•Data streams conversion depending on the modulation scheme
•Scrambling/de-scrambling of the data
•RFCOH multiplexing/demultiplexing
•Velocity conversion for radio frame
3. 150M INTFC /OPT INTFC /10/100 BASE-T(X) INTFC (Selectable)
•STM-1 signal interface (150M INTFC / OPT INTFC)
•RSOH multiplexing/demultiplexing (150M INTFC / OPT INTFC)
•Hitless switching of No.1 and No.2 receiving signal (150M INTFC / OPT INTFC)
•2 ports 10 BASE-T/100 BASE-TX INTFC (Each port traffic is separated) (10/100 Base-
T(X))
•Transparency for VLAN (IEEE 802.1Q Tagged frame) (10/100 Base-T(X))
4. CTRL
•Setting of equipment operation
•Monitoring alarm status of the equipment
•Performing performance monitoring
•Providing upper rank NMS interface
•LCT terminal interface
•EOW interface
5. WS INTFC (option) (32-QAM option)
•Interface of 2048/1544 kbps Wayside signal
6. LAN CARD (Option)
•Ethernet interface (10 Base-T) card with bridge function (exclusive use against WS
interface)

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7. DC-DC CONV
•Converting ±48 VDC (option ±24 VDC) input voltage to several internal utilizing voltages
5.5 Other Tools and Materials
1. LCT
Local Craft Terminal (LCT) is the simple provisioning and maintenance terminal for
PASOLINK+system. LCT connects to the IDU. The LCT can control all functions and
measures all monitor levels.
2. PNMS
NEC can provide an Element Network Management tool (PNMS: PASOLINK Network
Management System). These tools can be used for maintenance and performance
monitoring. These tools consist of software for UNIX or WINDOWS NT®OS.
3. Coaxial Cable (Interconnection between IDU and ODU)
The 5D-FB, 8D-FB, 10D-FB or 12D-FB coaxial cable (Low loss 50 ohms) serves as the
interconnection between the transmitter-receiver (ODU) and baseband unit (IDU). The cable
exchanges I/O data signals, DC power, alarm signals, control signals for frequency and TX
power, RX level and ODU primary voltage monitoring signals and a pair of orderwire signals.
Due to the use of different IF (Intermediate Frequency) for TX and RX, a single coaxial cable is
sufficient. This results in faster and easier installation.
4. Power Supply Voltage
The nominal power supply voltage is ±48 VDC. The guaranteed range of the same unit is
sufficient for nominal voltage of ±36 to ±60 V (±48 V) as well. In this way, commonality
between modulesis achieved throughout the network even if different DC voltages are applied
at different locations.(±24 VDC power supply is available as an option.)
5. PASOLINK MONITOR (OPTION)
PASOLINK MONITOR is used for receiving signal level monitor and ODU-IDU/ODU-ODU
EOW system. This is an installation tool for antenna direction pointing. (Receiving level can
be measured as voltage by voltmeter without PASOLINK MONITOR.)
6. Head set
Head set is used for EOW system.

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5.6 Option Panel
Option panel list
Slot Panel
1STM-1e Electric Interface
2STM-1/OC3 Optical Interface (S-1.1)
3STM-1/OC3 Optical Interface (WDM Monofiber TX:1.3um RX:1.5um)
4STM-1/OC3 Optical Interface (WDM Monofiber TX:1.5um RX:1.3um)
5
Main slot
Ethernet 10 Base-T/100 Base-TX (2ch)
AWayside 2.048 Mbps 75 ohms balance
BWayside 2.048 Mbps 120 ohms unbalance
CWayside 1.544 Mbps 110 ohms unbalance
DWayside 2.048 Mbps 75 ohms balance + Cluster ALM
EWayside 2.048 Mbps 120 ohms unbalance + Cluster ALM
FWayside 1.544 Mbps 110 ohms unbalance + Cluster ALM
GCluster ALM
HEthernet 10 Base-T (2 Mbps (wayside) or 64 Kbps) (1 ch)
I
Side slot
Blank panel

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Figure 4-1. PASOLINK+- 1 + 0 System Block Diagram
ANT
ODU
IDU
ANT
150M INTFC :Electrical STM-1 Interface ANT :Antenna CTRL :Control DC-DC CONV :DC-DCConverter IDU :MDP-150MB5T-2-
LO :LocalOscillator MODEM :Modulator-Demodulator OPT INTFC :Optical STM-1 Interface ODU :TRP-( )G150MB5-2- OW :Orderwire
RF CKT :Radio Frequency Circuit STM-1 :SynchronousTransportModule-1 WS INTFC :WaysideInterface(optional)
LAN CARD10Base-T *1 LAN CARD 10Base-T
*1
*1
*1
*1 WS INTFC or LAN CARD is used exclusively.
DC-DC
CONV
RF
CKT
CTRL LO
ODU
150M INTFC/
OPTINTFC STM-1
IN/OUT
CTRL PNMS
LCT
WS INTFC WS IN/
OUT
MODEM
DC-DC
CONV
ODU
INTFC
IDU
*1
*2 *2
DC-DC
CONV
RF
CKT
CTRLLO
150M INTFC/
OPTINTFC
STM-1 IN/OUT
CTRL
PNMS
LCT
WS INTFC
WS IN/ OUT
MODEM
DC-DC
CONV
ODU
INTFC
*1
*2 *2
*2 150M INTFC/OPT INTFC or 10/100Base-T(X) INTFC is used exclusively.
10/100Base-T(X)
10/100Base-T(X)
2 x
10/100Base-T(X) 2x
10/100Base-T(X)