NETGEAR FVS338 - ProSafe VPN Firewall 50 Router User manual

January 2005
202-10046-01
Version 1.0
January 2005
NETGEAR, Inc.
4500 Great America Parkway
Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA
Reference Manual for the
ProSafe VPN Firewall 50
FVS338

2
January 2005
© 2005 by NETGEAR, Inc. All rights reserved.
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NETGEAR is a trademark of Netgear, Inc.
Microsoft, Windows, and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
Other brand and product names are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders.
Statement of Conditions
In the interest of improving internal design, operational function, and/or reliability, NETGEAR reserves the right to
make changes to the products described in this document without notice.
NETGEAR does not assume any liability that may occur due to the use or application of the product(s) or circuit
layout(s) described herein.
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Compliance Notice: Radio Frequency Notice
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to
part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a
residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and
used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no
guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to
radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try
to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
EN 55 022 Declaration of Conformance
This is to certify that the FVS338 ProSafe VPN Firewall 50 is shielded against the generation of radio interference in
accordance with the application of Council Directive 89/336/EEC, Article 4a. Conformity is declared by the application
of EN 55 022 Class B (CISPR 22).
Bestätigung des Herstellers/Importeurs
Es wird hiermit bestätigt, daß das FVS338 ProSafe VPN Firewall 50 gemäß der im BMPT-AmtsblVfg 243/1991 und Vfg
46/1992 aufgeführten Bestimmungen entstört ist. Das vorschriftsmäßige Betreiben einiger Geräte (z.B. Testsender) kann
jedoch gewissen Beschränkungen unterliegen. Lesen Sie dazu bitte die Anmerkungen in der Betriebsanleitung.
Das Bundesamt für Zulassungen in der Telekommunikation wurde davon unterrichtet, daß dieses Gerät auf den Markt
gebracht wurde und es ist berechtigt, die Serie auf die Erfüllung der Vorschriften hin zu überprüfen.

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Certificate of the Manufacturer/Importer
It is hereby certified that the FVS338 ProSafe VPN Firewall 50 has been suppressed in accordance with the conditions
set out in the BMPT-AmtsblVfg 243/1991 and Vfg 46/1992. The operation of some equipment (for example, test
transmitters) in accordance with the regulations may, however, be subject to certain restrictions. Please refer to the notes
in the operating instructions.
Federal Office for Telecommunications Approvals has been notified of the placing of this equipment on the market
and has been granted the right to test the series for compliance with the regulations.
Voluntary Control Council for Interference (VCCI) Statement
This equipment is in the second category (information equipment to be used in a residential area or an adjacent area
thereto) and conforms to the standards set by the Voluntary Control Council for Interference by Data Processing
Equipment and Electronic Office Machines aimed at preventing radio interference in such residential areas.
When used near a radio or TV receiver, it may become the cause of radio interference.
Read instructions for correct handling.
Additional Copyrights
AES Copyright (c) 2001, Dr Brian Gladman <[email protected]>, Worcester, UK.
All rights reserved.
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conditions and the following disclaimer.
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conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials
provided with the distribution.
3. The copyright holder's name must not be used to endorse or promote any products
derived from this software without his specific prior written permission.
This software is provided 'as is' with no express or implied warranties of correctness or fitness
for purpose.

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Open SSL Copyright (c) 1998-2000 The OpenSSL Project. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted
provided that the following conditions * are met:
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following acknowledgment: "This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL
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This product includes cryptographic software written by Eric Young ([email protected]). This
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MD5 Copyright (C) 1990, RSA Data Security, Inc. All rights reserved.
License to copy and use this software is granted provided that it is identified as the "RSA Data
Security, Inc. MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm" in all material mentioning or referencing this
software or this function. License is also granted to make and use derivative works provided
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These notices must be retained in any copies of any part of this documentation and/or
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PPP Copyright (c) 1989 Carnegie Mellon University. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted provided that the above
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acknowledge that the software was developed by Carnegie Mellon University. The name of
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THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
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Zlib zlib.h -- interface of the 'zlib' general purpose compression library version 1.1.4, March 11th,
2002. Copyright (C) 1995-2002 Jean-loup Gailly and Mark Adler.
This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied warranty. In no event will the
authors be held liable for any damages arising from the use of this software. Permission is
granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose, including commercial applications,
and to alter it and redistribute it freely, subject to the following restrictions:
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as being the original software.
3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.
Jean-loup Gailly: jl[email protected]; Mark Adler: [e-mail]
The data format used by the zlib library is described by RFCs (Request for Comments) 1950
to 1952 in the files ftp://ds.internic.net/rfc/rfc1950.txt (zlib format), rfc1951.txt (deflate format)
and rfc1952.txt (gzip format)

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Product and Publication Details
Model Number: FVS338
Publication Date: January 2005
Product Family: Router
Product Name: FVS338 ProSafe VPN Firewall 50
Home or Business Product: Business
Language: English

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Contents
Chapter 1
About This Manual
Audience, Scope, Conventions, and Formats ................................................................1-1
How to Use This Manual ................................................................................................1-2
How to Print this Manual .................................................................................................1-3
Chapter 2
Introduction
Key Features of the VPN Firewall ..................................................................................2-1
Full Routing on Both the Broadband and Serial WAN Ports ....................................2-2
A Powerful, True Firewall with Content Filtering ......................................................2-2
Security ....................................................................................................................2-3
Autosensing Ethernet Connections with Auto Uplink ...............................................2-3
Extensive Protocol Support ......................................................................................2-3
Easy Installation and Management ..........................................................................2-4
Maintenance and Support ........................................................................................2-5
Package Contents ..........................................................................................................2-5
The Router’s Front Panel ...............................................................................................2-6
The Router’s Rear Panel ................................................................................................2-7
The Router’s IP Address, Login Name, and Password ..................................................2-8
Default Factory Settings .................................................................................................2-9
NETGEAR Related Products ..........................................................................................2-9
Chapter 3
Network Planning
Overview of the Planning Process ..................................................................................3-1
Single or Multiple Exposed Hosts ............................................................................3-1
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) ..............................................................................3-1
The Fail-over Case for Routers With Dual WAN Ports .............................................3-2
Single or Multiple Exposed Hosts ...................................................................................3-2
Single Exposed Host ................................................................................................3-3

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Single Exposed Host: Single WAN Port (Reference Case) ...............................3-3
Single Exposed Host: Dual WAN Ports for Improved System Reliability ...........3-3
Multiple Exposed Hosts ............................................................................................3-4
Multiple Exposed Hosts: Single WAN Port (Reference Case) ...........................3-4
Multiple Exposed Hosts: Dual WAN Ports for Improved System Reliability .......3-4
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) .....................................................................................3-5
VPN Road Warrior (Client-to-Gateway) ...................................................................3-6
VPN Road Warrior: Single Gateway WAN Port (Reference Case) ....................3-6
VPN Road Warrior: Dual Gateway WAN Ports for Improved System Reliability 3-7
VPN Gateway-to-Gateway .......................................................................................3-8
VPN Gateway-to-Gateway: Single Gateway WAN Ports (Reference Case) .....3-8
VPN Gateway-to-Gateway: Dual Gateway WAN Ports for Improved System Reliability
3-9
VPN Telecommuter (Client-to-Gateway Through a NAT Router) ...........................3-10
VPN Telecommuter: Single Gateway WAN Port (Reference Case) ................3-11
VPN Telecommuter: Dual Gateway WAN Ports for Improved System Reliability 3-11
Chapter 4
Connecting the FVS338 to the Internet
What You Will Need Before You Begin ...........................................................................4-1
LAN Hardware Requirements ..................................................................................4-1
LAN Configuration Requirements ............................................................................4-1
Internet Configuration Requirements .......................................................................4-2
Where Do I Get the Internet Configuration Parameters? ..................................4-2
Worksheet for Recording Your Internet Connection Information ..............................4-3
Connecting the FVS338 to Your LAN .............................................................................4-4
How to Connect the FVS338 to Your LAN ...............................................................4-4
Configuring for a Wizard-Detected Login Account ...................................................4-7
Configuring for a Wizard-Detected Dynamic IP Account .........................................4-8
Configuring for a Wizard-Detected Fixed IP (Static) Account ..................................4-9
Configuring a Serial Port as the Primary Internet Connection ........................................4-9
How to Configure the Serial Port for an Internet Connection ...................................4-9
Testing Your Internet Connection ..................................................................................4-13
Manually Configuring Your Internet Connection ...........................................................4-14
How to Manually Configure the Primary Internet Connection ................................4-15
Configure Dynamic DNS (If Needed) ...........................................................................4-16

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Configure the WAN Options (If Needed) ......................................................................4-18
Chapter 5
Serial Port Configuration
Configuring a Serial Port Modem ...................................................................................5-1
Basic Requirements for Serial Port Modem Configuration .......................................5-1
How to Configure a Serial Port Modem ....................................................................5-2
Configuring Auto-Rollover ..............................................................................................5-3
Basic Requirements for Auto-Rollover .....................................................................5-3
How to Configure Auto-Rollover ...............................................................................5-3
Chapter 6
LAN Configuration
Using the LAN IP Setup Options ....................................................................................6-1
Configuring LAN TCP/IP Setup Parameters ............................................................6-2
Using the Firewall as a DHCP server .......................................................................6-4
Using Address Reservation ......................................................................................6-5
Multi Home LAN IPs .................................................................................................6-6
DMZ Setup .....................................................................................................................6-6
Exposed Host (Software DMZ) ................................................................................6-7
One-to-One NAT Mapping .......................................................................................6-8
Configuring Static Routes .............................................................................................6-10
Chapter 7
Firewall Protection and Content Filtering
Firewall Protection and Content Filtering Overview ........................................................7-1
Using Rules to Block or Allow Specific Kinds of Traffic ..................................................7-1
Services-Based Rules ..............................................................................................7-4
Inbound Rules (Port Forwarding) ......................................................................7-5
Outbound Rules (Service Blocking) ...................................................................7-9
Customized Services .......................................................................................7-12
Quality of Service (QoS) Priorities ...................................................................7-14
Managing Groups and Hosts .................................................................................7-16
Using a Schedule to Block or Allow Specific Traffic ...............................................7-18
Time Zone ..............................................................................................................7-20
Block Sites ....................................................................................................................7-20
Source MAC Filtering ...................................................................................................7-23
Port Triggering ..............................................................................................................7-24

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Getting E-Mail Notifications of Event Logs and Alerts ..................................................7-26
Syslog ....................................................................................................................7-29
Viewing Logs of Web Access or Attempted Web Access ......................................7-29
Administrator Information .............................................................................................7-31
Chapter 8
Virtual Private Networking
Fully Qualified Domain Names .......................................................................................8-1
Creating a VPN Connection: Between FVX538 and FVS338 ........................................8-1
Configuring the FVX538 ...........................................................................................8-2
Configuring the FVS338 ...........................................................................................8-6
Testing the Connection .............................................................................................8-8
Creating a VPN Connection: Netgear VPN Client to FVS338 ........................................8-8
Configuring the FVS338 ...........................................................................................8-9
Configuring the VPN Client ......................................................................................8-9
Testing the Connection ...........................................................................................8-17
Chapter 9
Router and Network Management
Performance Management .............................................................................................9-1
Bandwidth Capacity .................................................................................................9-1
VPN Firewall Features That Reduce Traffic .............................................................9-2
Service Blocking ................................................................................................9-2
Block Sites .........................................................................................................9-4
Source MAC Filtering ........................................................................................9-4
VPN Firewall Features That Increase Traffic ...........................................................9-4
Port Forwarding .................................................................................................9-5
Port Triggering ...................................................................................................9-6
Exposed Hosts ..................................................................................................9-7
VPN Tunnels ......................................................................................................9-7
Using QoS to Shift the Traffic Mix ............................................................................9-7
Tools for Traffic Management ...................................................................................9-8
Administrator Access Authorization ................................................................................9-8
Changing the Administrator Password and Login Timeout ......................................9-8
Enabling Remote Management Access ...................................................................9-9
Event Alerts ..................................................................................................................9-11
WAN Port Rollover .................................................................................................9-11

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Traffic Limits Reached ............................................................................................9-11
Login Failures and Attacks .....................................................................................9-12
Monitoring .....................................................................................................................9-14
Viewing VPN Firewall Status and Time Information ...............................................9-14
Firewall Status .................................................................................................9-14
Time Information ..............................................................................................9-16
WAN Ports ..............................................................................................................9-18
WAN Port Connection Status ...........................................................................9-18
Dynamic DNS Status .......................................................................................9-19
Internet Traffic Information ...............................................................................9-19
LAN Ports and Attached Devices ...........................................................................9-20
Known PCs and Devices .................................................................................9-20
DHCP Log .......................................................................................................9-22
Port Triggering Status ......................................................................................9-22
Firewall ...................................................................................................................9-23
VPN Tunnels ..........................................................................................................9-25
SNMP .....................................................................................................................9-27
Diagnostics .............................................................................................................9-27
Configuration File Management ...................................................................................9-29
Restoring and Backing Up the Configuration .........................................................9-30
Upgrading the Firewall Software ............................................................................9-30
Erasing the Configuration (Factory Defaults Reset) ...............................................9-31
Chapter 10
Troubleshooting
Basic Functioning .........................................................................................................10-1
Power LED Not On .................................................................................................10-1
LEDs Never Turn Off ..............................................................................................10-2
LAN or Internet Port LEDs Not On .........................................................................10-2
Troubleshooting the Web Configuration Interface ........................................................10-3
Troubleshooting the ISP Connection ............................................................................10-4
Troubleshooting a TCP/IP Network Using a Ping Utility ...............................................10-5
Testing the LAN Path to Your Firewall ....................................................................10-5
Testing the Path from Your PC to a Remote Device ..............................................10-6
Restoring the Default Configuration and Password ......................................................10-7
Problems with Date and Time .......................................................................................10-7

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Appendix A
Technical Specifications
Appendix B
Network, Routing, Firewall, and Basics
Related Publications ...................................................................................................... B-1
Basic Router Concepts .................................................................................................. B-1
What is a Router? ................................................................................................... B-2
Routing Information Protocol ................................................................................... B-2
IP Addresses and the Internet ....................................................................................... B-2
Netmask .................................................................................................................. B-4
Subnet Addressing .................................................................................................. B-5
Private IP Addresses ............................................................................................... B-7
Single IP Address Operation Using NAT ....................................................................... B-8
MAC Addresses and Address Resolution Protocol ................................................. B-9
Related Documents ................................................................................................. B-9
Domain Name Server ............................................................................................ B-10
IP Configuration by DHCP ........................................................................................... B-10
Internet Security and Firewalls .................................................................................... B-10
What is a Firewall? .................................................................................................B-11
Stateful Packet Inspection ...............................................................................B-11
Denial of Service Attack ..................................................................................B-11
Ethernet Cabling ...........................................................................................................B-11
Category 5 Cable Quality ...................................................................................... B-12
Inside Twisted Pair Cables .................................................................................... B-13
Uplink Switches, Crossover Cables, and MDI/MDIX Switching ............................ B-14
Appendix C
Preparing Your Network
Preparing Your Computers for TCP/IP Networking .......................................................C-1
Configuring Windows 95, 98, and Me for TCP/IP Networking .......................................C-2
Install or Verify Windows Networking Components .................................................C-2
Enabling DHCP to Automatically Configure TCP/IP Settings .................................C-4
Selecting Windows’ Internet Access Method ..........................................................C-6
Verifying TCP/IP Properties ....................................................................................C-6
Configuring Windows NT4, 2000 or XP for IP Networking ............................................C-7
Install or Verify Windows Networking Components .................................................C-7

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Enabling DHCP to Automatically Configure TCP/IP Settings .................................C-8
DHCP Configuration of TCP/IP in Windows XP .....................................................C-8
DHCP Configuration of TCP/IP in Windows 2000 ................................................C-10
DHCP Configuration of TCP/IP in Windows NT4 ..................................................C-13
Verifying TCP/IP Properties for Windows XP, 2000, and NT4 ..............................C-15
Configuring the Macintosh for TCP/IP Networking ......................................................C-16
MacOS 8.6 or 9.x ..................................................................................................C-16
MacOS X ...............................................................................................................C-16
Verifying TCP/IP Properties for Macintosh Computers .........................................C-17
Verifying the Readiness of Your Internet Account .......................................................C-18
Are Login Protocols Used? ...................................................................................C-18
What Is Your Configuration Information? ..............................................................C-18
Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Windows Computers .......................C-19
Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Macintosh Computers .....................C-20
Restarting the Network ................................................................................................C-21
Appendix D
Virtual Private Networking
What is a VPN? .............................................................................................................D-1
What Is IPSec and How Does It Work? .........................................................................D-2
IPSec Security Features .........................................................................................D-2
IPSec Components .................................................................................................D-2
Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) ...................................................................D-3
Authentication Header (AH) ....................................................................................D-4
IKE Security Association .........................................................................................D-4
Mode .................................................................................................................D-5
Key Management ....................................................................................................D-6
Understand the Process Before You Begin ...................................................................D-6
VPN Process Overview .................................................................................................D-7
Network Interfaces and Addresses .........................................................................D-7
Interface Addressing .........................................................................................D-7
Firewalls ...........................................................................................................D-8
Setting Up a VPN Tunnel Between Gateways ........................................................D-8
VPNC IKE Security Parameters ..................................................................................D-10
VPNC IKE Phase I Parameters .............................................................................D-10
VPNC IKE Phase II Parameters ............................................................................ D-11

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Testing and Troubleshooting ........................................................................................ D-11
Additional Reading ...................................................................................................... D-11
Glossary
List of Glossary Terms ........................................................................................Glossary-1
Numeric ..............................................................................................................Glossary-1
A .........................................................................................................................Glossary-2
B .........................................................................................................................Glossary-2
C .........................................................................................................................Glossary-3
D .........................................................................................................................Glossary-3
E .........................................................................................................................Glossary-4
G .........................................................................................................................Glossary-5
I ...........................................................................................................................Glossary-5
L ..........................................................................................................................Glossary-7
M .........................................................................................................................Glossary-7
P .........................................................................................................................Glossary-8
Q .........................................................................................................................Glossary-9
R .........................................................................................................................Glossary-9
S .........................................................................................................................Glossary-9
T .......................................................................................................................Glossary-10
U .......................................................................................................................Glossary-10
W ......................................................................................................................Glossary-10

About This Manual 1-1
January 2005
Chapter 1
About This Manual
This chapter describes the intended audience, scope, conventions, and formats of this manual.
Audience, Scope, Conventions, and Formats
This reference manual assumes that the reader has basic to intermediate computer and Internet
skills. However, basic computer network, Internet, firewall, and VPN technologies tutorial
information is provided in the Appendices and on the Netgear website.
This guide uses the following typographical conventions:
This guide uses the following formats to highlight special messages:
This manual is written for the FVS338 VPN firewall according to these specifications.:
Table 1-1. Typographical Conventions
italics Emphasis, books, CDs, URL names
bold User input
fixed font Screen text, file and server names, extensions, commands, IP addresses
Note: This format is used to highlight information of importance or special interest.
Table 1-2. Manual Scope
Product Version FVS338 ProSafe VPN Firewall 50
Manual Publication Date January 2005
Note: Product updates are available on the NETGEAR, Inc. Web site at
http://kbserver.netgear.com/products/FVS338.asp.

Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 50 FVS338
1-2 About This Manual
January 2005
How to Use This Manual
The HTML version of this manual includes the following:
• Buttons, and , for browsing forwards or backwards through the manual one page
at a time
• A button that displays the table of contents and an button. Double-click on a
link in the table of contents or index to navigate directly to where the topic is described in the
manual.
• A button to access the full NETGEAR, Inc. online knowledge base for the
product model.
• Links to PDF versions of the full manual and individual chapters.

Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 50 FVS338
About This Manual 1-3
January 2005
How to Print this Manual
To print this manual you can choose one of the following several options, according to your needs.
•Printing a Page in the HTML View.
Each page in the HTML version of the manual is dedicated to a major topic. Use the Print
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Use the PDF of This Chapter link at the top left of any page.
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 50 FVS338
1-4 About This Manual
January 2005

Introduction 2-1
January 2005
Chapter 2
Introduction
This chapter describes the features of the NETGEAR FVS338 ProSafe VPN Firewall 50.
Key Features of the VPN Firewall
The FVS338 ProSafe VPN Firewall 50 with 8 port switch connects your local area network (LAN)
to the Internet through an external access device such as a cable modem or DSL modem.
The FVS338 is a complete security solution that protects your network from attacks and
intrusions. Unlike simple Internet sharing NAT routers that rely on Network Address Translation
for security, the FVS338 uses Stateful Packet Inspection for Denial of Service (DoS) attack
protection and intrusion detection. The FVS338 VPN firewall provides you with multiple Web
content filtering options, plus browsing activity reporting and instant alerts – both, via e-mail.
Network administrators can establish restricted access policies based on time-of-day, Website
addresses and address keywords, and share high-speed cable/DSL Internet access for a local
network.
With minimum setup, you can install and use the firewall within minutes.
The FVS338 VPN firewall provides the following features:
• One 10/100 Mbps port for an Ethernet connection to a broadband WAN device, such as a cable
modem or DSL modem, and one serial port for a dial-up modem connection to the Internet
through the public switched telephone network (PSTN).
• Dual WAN ports (one broadband and one serial) provide for increased system reliability.
• Support for up to 50 VPN tunnels.
• Easy, web-based setup for installation and management.
• URL keyword Content Filtering and Site Blocking Security.
• Quality of Service (QoS) support for traffic prioritization.
• Built in 8-port 10/100 Mbps switch.
• Extensive Protocol Support.
• Login capability.

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2-2 Introduction
January 2005
• SNMP for manageability.
• Front panel LEDs for easy monitoring of status and activity.
• Flash memory for firmware upgrade.
Full Routing on Both the Broadband and Serial WAN Ports
You can install, configure, and operate the FVS338 to take full advantage of a variety of routing
options on both the serial and broadband WAN ports, including:
• Internet access via either the serial or broadband port.
• Auto fail-over connectivity through an analog modem connected to the serial port
If the broadband Internet connection fails, after waiting for an amount of time you specify, the
FVS338 can automatically establish a backup dial-up Internet connection via the serial port on
the firewall.
A Powerful, True Firewall with Content Filtering
Unlike simple Internet sharing NAT routers, the FVS338 is a true firewall, using stateful packet
inspection to defend against hacker attacks. Its firewall features include:
• DoS protection. Automatically detects and thwarts DoS attacks such as Ping of Death, SYN
Flood, LAND Attack, and IP Spoofing.
• Blocks unwanted traffic from the Internet to your LAN.
• Blocks access from your LAN to Internet locations or services that you specify as off-limits.
• Logs security incidents. The FVS338 will log security events such as blocked incoming traffic,
port scans, attacks, and administrator logins. You can configure the firewall to email the log to
you at specified intervals. You can also configure the firewall to send immediate alert
messages to your email address or email pager whenever a significant event occurs.
• With its URL keyword filtering feature, the FVS338 prevents objectionable content from
reaching your PCs. The firewall allows you to control access to Internet content by screening
for keywords within Web addresses. You can configure the firewall to log and report attempts
to access objectionable Internet sites.