NETGEAR FVL328 - Cable/DSL ProSafe VPN Firewall... User manual

M-10144-01
M-10144-01
December 2003
NETGEAR, Inc.
4500 Great America Parkway
Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA
Phone 1-888-NETGEAR
Model FVL328 ProSafe
High-Speed VPN Firewall
Reference Manual

ii
M-10144-01
© 2003 by NETGEAR, Inc. All rights reserved. FullManual.
Trademarks
NETGEAR and Auto Uplink are trademarks or registered trademarks of NETGEAR, Inc.
Microsoft, Windows, and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
Other brand and product names are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders. Portions of this
document are copyright Intoto, Inc.
Statement of Conditions
In the interest of improving internal design, operational function, and/or reliability, NETGEAR reserves the right to
make changes to the products described in this document without notice.
NETGEAR does not assume any liability that may occur due to the use or application of the product(s) or circuit
layout(s) described herein.
EN 55 022 Declaration of Conformance
This is to certify that the FVL328 Prosafe High Speed VPN Firewall is shielded against the generation of radio
interference in accordance with the application of Council Directive 89/336/EEC, Article 4a. Conformity is declared by
the application of EN 55 022 Class B (CISPR 22).
Certificate of the Manufacturer/Importer
It is hereby certified that the FVL328 Prosafe High Speed VPN Firewall has been suppressed in accordance with the
conditions set out in the BMPT-AmtsblVfg 243/1991 and Vfg 46/1992. The operation of some equipment (for example,
test transmitters) in accordance with the regulations may, however, be subject to certain restrictions. Please refer to the
notes in the operating instructions.
The Federal Office for Telecommunications Approvals has been notified of the placing of this equipment on the market
and has been granted the right to test the series for compliance with the regulations.

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Bestätigung des Herstellers/Importeurs
Es wird hiermit bestätigt, daß dasFVL328 Prosafe High Speed VPN Firewall gemäß der im BMPT-AmtsblVfg 243/1991
und Vfg 46/1992 aufgeführten Bestimmungen entstört ist. Das vorschriftsmäßige Betreiben einiger Geräte (z.B.
Testsender) kann jedoch gewissen Beschränkungen unterliegen. Lesen Sie dazu bitte die Anmerkungen in der
Betriebsanleitung.
Das Bundesamt für Zulassungen in der Telekommunikation wurde davon unterrichtet, daß dieses Gerät auf den Markt
gebracht wurde und es ist berechtigt, die Serie auf die Erfüllung der Vorschriften hin zu überprüfen.
Voluntary Control Council for Interference (VCCI) Statement
This equipment is in the second category (information equipment to be used in a residential area or an adjacent area
thereto), and conforms to the standards set by the Voluntary Control Council for Interference by Data Processing
Equipment and Electronic Office Machines, aimed at preventing radio interference in such residential areas.
When used near a radio or TV receiver, it may become the cause of radio interference.
Read instructions for correct handling.
Technical Support
Refer to the Support Information Card that shipped with your FVL328 Prosafe High Speed VPN Firewall.
World Wide Web
NETGEAR maintains a World Wide Web home page that you can access at the universal resource locator (URL)
http://www.netgear.com. A direct connection to the Internet and a Web browser such as Internet Explorer
or Netscape are required.

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Contents i
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Contents
Chapter 1
About This Manual
Audience .........................................................................................................................1-1
Scope .............................................................................................................................1-1
Typographical Conventions ............................................................................................1-2
Special Message Formats ..............................................................................................1-2
Features of the HTML Version of this Manual ................................................................1-3
How to Print this Manual .................................................................................................1-4
Chapter 2
Introduction
About the FVL328 ...........................................................................................................2-1
Summary of New Features in the FVL328 .....................................................................2-1
Key Features ..................................................................................................................2-1
Virtual Private Networking ........................................................................................2-2
A Powerful, True Firewall .........................................................................................2-2
ICSA Small/Medium Business Category ..................................................................2-3
Content Filtering .......................................................................................................2-3
Configurable Auto Uplink™ Ethernet Connection ....................................................2-3
Protocol Support ......................................................................................................2-3
Easy Installation and Management ..........................................................................2-4
What’s in the Box? ..........................................................................................................2-5
The Firewall’s Front Panel .......................................................................................2-6
The Firewall’s Rear Panel ........................................................................................2-7
Chapter 3
Connecting the FVL328 to the Internet
What You Will Need Before You Begin ...........................................................................3-1
LAN Hardware Requirements ..................................................................................3-1
LAN Configuration Requirements ............................................................................3-1
Internet Configuration Requirements .......................................................................3-2

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Where Do I Get the Internet Configuration Parameters? ..................................3-2
Worksheet for Recording Your Internet Connection Information ..............................3-3
Connecting the FVL328 to Your LAN ..............................................................................3-4
How to Connect the FVL328 to Your LAN ................................................................3-4
Configuring for a Wizard-Detected Login Account ...................................................3-9
Configuring for a Wizard-Detected Dynamic IP Account .......................................3-11
Configuring for a Wizard-Detected Fixed IP (Static) Account ................................3-12
Testing Your Internet Connection ..................................................................................3-13
Manually Configuring Your Internet Connection ...........................................................3-14
How to Complete a Manual Configuration .............................................................3-15
Chapter 4
WAN and LAN Configuration
Configuring LAN IP Settings ...........................................................................................4-1
Using the Router as a DHCP Server ........................................................................4-2
How to Configure LAN TCP/IP Setup Settings ........................................................4-3
How to Configure Reserved IP Addresses ...............................................................4-4
Configuring WAN Settings ..............................................................................................4-4
Connecting Automatically, as Required ...................................................................4-5
Setting Up a Default DMZ Server .............................................................................4-5
How to Assign a Default DMZ Server ......................................................................4-5
Responding to Ping on Internet WAN Port ...............................................................4-6
How to Set the MTU Size .........................................................................................4-6
Configuring Dynamic DNS ..............................................................................................4-6
How to Configure Dynamic DNS ..............................................................................4-7
Using Static Routes ........................................................................................................4-7
Static Route Example ...............................................................................................4-7
How to Configure Static Routes ...............................................................................4-8
Chapter 5
Protecting Your Network
Protecting Access to Your FVL328 Firewall ....................................................................5-1
How to Change the Built-In Password .....................................................................5-1
How to Change the Administrator Login Timeout ....................................................5-2
Configuring Basic Firewall Services ...............................................................................5-2
Blocking Keywords, Sites, and Services ..................................................................5-3
How to Block Keywords and Sites ...........................................................................5-3

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Using Firewall Rules to Regulate Network Traffic ..........................................................5-5
Rules Menu Options .................................................................................................5-6
Using Inbound Rules (Port Forwarding) ...................................................................5-7
Inbound Rule Example: A Local Public Web Server ..........................................5-7
Inbound Rule Example: Videoconferencing from Restricted Addresses ..................5-9
Considerations for Inbound Rules .....................................................................5-9
Using Outbound Rules (Service Blocking) .............................................................5-10
Outbound Rule Example: Blocking Instant Messenger ...................................5-10
Understanding the Order of Precedence for Rules ................................................5-12
Regulating Access to Network Services .......................................................................5-12
How to Define Services ..........................................................................................5-13
Setting Times and Scheduling Firewall Services ..........................................................5-14
How to Set Your Time Zone ...................................................................................5-14
How to Schedule Firewall Services ........................................................................5-16
Chapter 6
Virtual Private Networking
Overview of FVL328 Policy-Based VPN Configuration ..................................................6-1
Using Policies to Manage VPN Traffic .....................................................................6-1
Using Automatic Key Management ..........................................................................6-2
IKE Policies’ Automatic Key and Authentication Management ................................6-3
VPN Policy Configuration for Auto Key Negotiation .................................................6-6
VPN Policy Configuration for Manual Key Exchange ...............................................6-9
Using Digital Certificates for IKE Auto-Policy Authentication .......................................6-14
Certificate Revocation List (CRL) ...........................................................................6-14
Walk-Through of Configuration Scenarios ....................................................................6-15
VPNC Scenario 1: Gateway-to-Gateway with Preshared Secrets .........................6-15
FVL328 Scenario 1: How to Configure the IKE and VPN Policies .........................6-17
How to Check VPN Connections ...........................................................................6-21
FVL328 Scenario 2: Authenticating with RSA Certificates .....................................6-22
Chapter 7
Managing Your Network
Network Management ....................................................................................................7-1
How to Configure Remote Management ..................................................................7-1
Viewing Router Status and Usage Statistics ............................................................7-3
Viewing Attached Devices ........................................................................................7-5

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Viewing, Selecting, and Saving Logged Information ................................................7-6
Changing the Include in Log Settings ................................................................7-8
Enabling the Syslog Feature .............................................................................7-8
Enabling Security Event E-mail Notification ...................................................................7-9
Backing Up, Restoring, or Erasing Your Settings .........................................................7-10
How to Back Up the FVL328 Configuration to a File ..............................................7-10
How to Restore a Configuration from a File ...........................................................7-11
How to Erase the Configuration .............................................................................7-11
Running Diagnostic Utilities and Rebooting the Router ................................................7-12
Upgrading the Router’s Firmware .................................................................................7-13
How to Upgrade the Router ...................................................................................7-14
Chapter 8
Troubleshooting
Basic Functions ..............................................................................................................8-1
Power LED Not On ...................................................................................................8-2
Test LED Never Turns On or Test LED Stays On .....................................................8-2
Local or Internet Port Link LEDs Not On ..................................................................8-3
Troubleshooting the Web Configuration Interface ..........................................................8-3
Troubleshooting the ISP Connection ..............................................................................8-4
Troubleshooting a TCP/IP Network Using a Ping Utility .................................................8-5
How to Test the LAN Path to Your Firewall ..............................................................8-6
How to Test the Path from Your PC to a Remote Device .........................................8-6
Restoring the Default Configuration and Password ........................................................8-7
How to Use the Default Reset Button ......................................................................8-7
Problems with Date and Time .........................................................................................8-8
Appendix A
Technical Specifications
Appendix B
Networks, Routing, and Firewall Basics
Related Publications ...................................................................................................... B-1
Basic Router Concepts .................................................................................................. B-1
What is a Router? ................................................................................................... B-1
Routing Information Protocol ................................................................................... B-2
IP Addresses and the Internet ................................................................................. B-2
Netmask .................................................................................................................. B-4

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Subnet Addressing .................................................................................................. B-4
Private IP Addresses ............................................................................................... B-7
Single IP Address Operation Using NAT ................................................................. B-7
MAC Addresses and Address Resolution Protocol ................................................. B-9
Related Documents ................................................................................................. B-9
Domain Name Server .............................................................................................. B-9
IP Configuration by DHCP .................................................................................... B-10
Internet Security and Firewalls .................................................................................... B-10
What is a Firewall? .................................................................................................B-11
Stateful Packet Inspection ......................................................................................B-11
Denial of Service Attack .........................................................................................B-11
Ethernet Cabling .......................................................................................................... B-12
Uplink Switches and Crossover Cables ................................................................ B-12
Cable Quality ......................................................................................................... B-13
Appendix C
Preparing Your Network
Preparing Your Computers for TCP/IP Networking .......................................................C-1
Configuring Windows 95, 98, and Me for TCP/IP Networking .......................................C-2
Install or Verify Windows Networking Components .................................................C-2
Enabling DHCP to Automatically Configure TCP/IP Settings .................................C-4
Selecting Windows’ Internet Access Method ....................................................C-4
Verifying TCP/IP Properties ....................................................................................C-5
Configuring Windows NT, 2000 or XP for IP Networking ...............................................C-5
Installing or Verifying Windows Networking Components .......................................C-5
Verifying TCP/IP Properties ....................................................................................C-6
Configuring the Macintosh for TCP/IP Networking ........................................................C-6
MacOS 8.6 or 9.x ....................................................................................................C-6
MacOS X .................................................................................................................C-7
Verifying TCP/IP Properties for Macintosh Computers ...........................................C-8
Verifying the Readiness of Your Internet Account .........................................................C-9
Are Login Protocols Used? .....................................................................................C-9
What Is Your Configuration Information? ................................................................C-9
Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Windows Computers .......................C-10
Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Macintosh Computers ..................... C-11
Restarting the Network ................................................................................................C-12

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Appendix D
Firewall Log Formats
Action List ......................................................................................................................D-1
Field List ........................................................................................................................D-1
Outbound Log ................................................................................................................D-1
Inbound Log ...................................................................................................................D-2
Other IP Traffic ..............................................................................................................D-2
Router Operation ...........................................................................................................D-3
Other Connections and Traffic to this Router ................................................................D-4
DoS Attack/Scan ...........................................................................................................D-4
Access Block Site ..........................................................................................................D-6
All Web Sites and News Groups Visited ........................................................................D-6
System Admin Sessions ................................................................................................D-6
Policy Administration LOG .............................................................................................D-7
Appendix E
Virtual Private Networking
What is a VPN? ............................................................................................................. E-1
What Is IPSec and How Does It Work? ......................................................................... E-2
IPSec Security Features ......................................................................................... E-2
IPSec Components ................................................................................................. E-2
Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) ................................................................... E-3
Authentication Header (AH) .................................................................................... E-4
IKE Security Association ......................................................................................... E-4
Mode ................................................................................................................. E-5
Key Management .................................................................................................... E-6
Understand the Process Before You Begin ................................................................... E-6
VPN Process Overview ................................................................................................. E-7
Network Interfaces and Addresses ......................................................................... E-7
Interface Addressing ......................................................................................... E-7
Firewalls ........................................................................................................... E-8
Setting Up a VPN Tunnel Between Gateways ........................................................ E-8
VPNC IKE Security Parameters .................................................................................. E-10
VPNC IKE Phase I Parameters ............................................................................. E-10
VPNC IKE Phase II Parameters .............................................................................E-11
Testing and Troubleshooting .........................................................................................E-11

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Additional Reading .......................................................................................................E-11
Appendix F
NETGEAR VPN Configuration
FVS318 or FVM318 to FVL328
Configuration Template ...................................................................................................F-1
Step-By-Step Configuration of FVS318 or FVM318 Gateway A .....................................F-2
Step-By-Step Configuration of FVL328 Gateway B ........................................................F-5
Test the VPN Connection .............................................................................................F-10
Appendix G
FVL328 to Windows 2000 Server
and SSH Sentinel VPN Configuration
Configuring FVL328 to Windows 2000 Server VPN ......................................................G-1
Windows 2000 Server configuration .......................................................................G-1
Create an IP Security Policy called DUT To Win2K ..........................................G-1
Create an IP Filter called To DUT .....................................................................G-3
Create an IP Filter Called To Win2K .................................................................G-7
Configure the General Properties ...................................................................G-12
Configure the FVL328 IKE policy ...................................................................G-14
Configure the FVL328 VPN policy ..................................................................G-15
FVL328 to SSH Sentinel 1.3 Remote VPN .................................................................G-16
Create the FVL328 IKE Policy ........................................................................G-23
Create the FVL328 VPN Policy ......................................................................G-23
Ping a PC to Bring Up the Tunnel ...................................................................G-24
Appendix H
NETGEAR VPN Client
to NETGEAR FVL328 or FWAG114 VPN Router
Configuration Profile ......................................................................................................H-1
Step-By-Step Configuration of FVL328 or FWAG114 Gateway .....................................H-2
Step-By-Step Configuration of the NETGEAR VPN Client B .........................................H-7
Testing the VPN Connection ........................................................................................H-14
From the Client PC to the FVL328 ........................................................................H-14
From the FVL328 to the Client PC ........................................................................H-15
Monitoring the PC VPN Connection ............................................................................H-15
Viewing the FVL328 VPN Status and Log Information ................................................H-17

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Appendix I
NETGEAR VPN Configuration
FVS318 or FVM318 with FQDN to FVL328
Configuration Template ....................................................................................................I-1
Using DDNS and Fully Qualified Domain Names (FQDN) .......................................I-2
Step-By-Step Configuration of FVS318 or FVM318 Gateway A ......................................I-3
Step-By-Step Configuration of FVL328 Gateway B .........................................................I-7
Test the VPN Connection ..............................................................................................I-12
Glossary
Index

About This Manual 1-1
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Chapter 1
About This Manual
This chapter introduces the NETGEAR FVL328 Prosafe High Speed VPN Firewall manual.
Audience
This reference manual assumes that the reader has basic to intermediate computer and Internet
skills. However, basic computer network, Internet, firewall, and VPN technology tutorial
information is provided in the Appendices and on the NETGEAR Web site.
Scope
This manual is written for the FVL328 Firewall according to these specifications.:
Table 1-1. Manual Specifications
Product Version FVL328 Prosafe High Speed VPN Firewall
Firmware Version Number Version 1.5 Release 07
Manual Part Number M-10144-01
Manual Publication Date December 2003
Note: Product updates are available on the NETGEAR Web site at
www.netgear.com/support/main.asp. Documentation updates are available on the
NETGEAR, Inc. Web site at www.netgear.com/docs.

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1-2 About This Manual
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Typographical Conventions
This guide uses the following typographical conventions:
Special Message Formats
This guide uses the following formats to highlight special messages:
Table 1-2. Typographical conventions
italics Emphasis.
bold times roman User input.
[Enter] Named keys in text are shown enclosed in square brackets. The notation [Enter]
is used for the Enter key and the Return key.
Small Caps DOS file and directory names.
Note: This format is used to highlight information of importance or special interest.

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Features of the HTML Version of this Manual
The HTML version of this manual includes these features.
Figure Preface 1-1: HTML version of this manual
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To view the HTML version of the manual, you must have a version 4 or later browser with
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How to Print this Manual
To print this manual you can choose one of the following several options, according to your needs.
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Introduction 2-1
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Chapter 2
Introduction
This chapter describes the features of the NETGEAR FVL328 Prosafe High Speed VPN Firewall.
The FVL328 Firewall is now ICSA certified. It provides connection for multiple computers to the
Internet through an external broadband access device (such as a cable modem or DSL modem) and
supports IPSec-based secure tunnels to IPSec-compatible VPN servers.
About the FVL328
The FVL328 is a complete security solution that protects your network from attacks and intrusions
and enables secure communications using Virtual Private Networks (VPN). Unlike simple Internet
sharing routers that rely on Network Address Translation (NAT) for security, the FVL328 uses
Stateful Packet Inspection for Denial of Service (DoS) attack protection and intrusion detection.
The 8-port FVL328 provides highly reliable Internet access for up to 253 users with up to 100
concurrent VPN tunnels.
Summary of New Features in the FVL328
The NETGEAR FVL328 VPN ProSafe Firewall contains many new features, including:
•ICSA Certified, Small/Medium Business (SMB) Category
• VPNC Certified
• Enhanced Logging
Key Features
The FVL328 features are highlighted below.

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Virtual Private Networking
The FVL328 Firewall provides a secure encrypted connection between your local network and
remote networks or clients. Its VPN features include:
• Support for up to 100 simultaneous VPN connections.
• Support for industry standard VPN protocols.
The FVL328 Prosafe High Speed VPN Firewall supports standard keying methods (Manual or
IKE), standard authentication methods (MD5 and SHA-1), and standard encryption methods
(DES, 3DES). It is compatible with many other VPN products.
• Support for up to 168 bit encryption (3DES) for maximum security.
• Support for VPN Main Mode, Aggressive mode, or Manual Keying.
• Support for Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) configuration when the Dynamic DNS
feature is enabled with one of the supported service providers.
• VPNC Certified
A Powerful, True Firewall
Unlike simple Internet sharing NAT routers, the FVL328 is a true firewall, using stateful packet
inspection to defend against hacker attacks. Its firewall features include:
• DoS protection
Automatically detects and thwarts DoS attacks such as Ping of Death, SYN Flood, LAND
Attack and IP Spoofing.
• Blocks unwanted traffic from the Internet to your LAN.
• Blocks access from your LAN to Internet locations or services that you specify as off-limits.
• Logs security incidents
The FVL328 will log security events such as blocked incoming traffic, port scans, attacks, and
administrator logins. You can configure the firewall to e-mail the log to you at specified
intervals. You can also configure the firewall to send immediate alert messages to your e-mail
address or e-mail pager whenever a significant event occurs.
• ICSA Certified, Small/Medium Business (SMB) Category version 4.0

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ICSA Small/Medium Business Category
The NETGEAR FVL328 provides meets the ICSA SMB Category by providing Remote
Administration over an encrypted link from a public source. Additionally, the firewall provides a
default security policy denying all inbound non-Remote Administration related traffic originating
from public network sources while allowing a set of common services outbound.
The FVL328 enforces another security policy allowing a standard set of services inbound and
outbound. Therefore, a means to configure Access Control Rules will be available on the product
Content Filtering
With its content filtering feature, the FVL328 prevents objectionable content from reaching your
computers. The firewall allows you to control access to Internet content by screening for keywords
within Web addresses. You can configure the firewall to log and report attempts to access
objectionable Internet sites.
Configurable Auto Uplink™ Ethernet Connection
With its internal 8-port 10/100 switch, the FVL328 can connect to either a 10 Mbps standard
Ethernet network or a 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet network. Both the local LAN and the Internet WAN
interfaces are 10/100 Mbps, autosensing, and capable of full-duplex or half-duplex operation.
The firewall incorporates Auto UplinkTM technology. Each local Ethernet port will automatically
sense whether the Ethernet cable plugged into the port should have a ‘normal’ connection such as
to a PC or an ‘uplink’ connection such as to a switch or hub. That port will then configure itself to
the correct configuration. This feature also eliminates the need to worry about crossover cables, as
Auto Uplink will accommodate either type of cable to make the right connection.
Protocol Support
The FVL328 supports the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and Routing
Information Protocol (RIP). Appendix B, “Networks, Routing, and Firewall Basics” provides
further information on TCP/IP. Supported protocols include:

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• The Ability to Enable or Disable IP Address Sharing by NAT
The FVL328 allows several networked computers to share an Internet account using only a
single IP address, which may be statically or dynamically assigned by your Internet service
provider (ISP). This technique, known as NAT, allows the use of an inexpensive single-user
ISP account. This feature can also be turned off completely for using the FVL328 in settings
where you want to manage the IP address scheme of your organization.
• Automatic Configuration of Attached computers by DHCP
The FVL328 dynamically assigns network configuration information, including IP, gateway,
and domain name server (DNS) addresses, to attached computers using Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol (DHCP). This feature greatly simplifies configuration of computers on
your local network.
• DNS Proxy
When DHCP is enabled and no DNS addresses are specified, the firewall provides its own
address as a DNS server to the attached computers. The firewall obtains actual DNS addresses
from the ISP during connection setup and forwards DNS requests from the LAN.
• PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE)
PPPoE is a protocol for connecting remote hosts to the Internet over a DSL connection by
simulating a dial-up connection. This feature eliminates the need to run a login program such
as EnterNet or WinPOET on your computer.
• Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol PPTP login support for European ISPs and BigPond login
for Telstra cable in Australia.
• Dynamic DNS
Dynamic DNS services allow remote users to find your network using a domain name when
your IP address is not permanently assigned. The firewall contains a client that can connect to
many popular Dynamic DNS services to register your dynamic IP address. See “Configuring
Dynamic DNS” on page 4-6.
Easy Installation and Management
You can install, configure, and operate the FVL328 within minutes after connecting it to the
network. The following features simplify installation and management tasks:
• Browser-based management
Browser-based configuration allows you to easily configure your firewall from almost any
type of personal computer, such as Windows, Macintosh, or Linux. A user-friendly Setup
Wizard is provided and online help documentation is built into the browser-based Web
Management Interface.