NETGEAR ProSafe FVS114 User manual

202-10098-01, April 2005
202-10098-01
April 2005
NETGEAR, Inc.
4500 Great America Parkway
Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA
Reference Manual for the
ProSafe VPN Firewall
FVS114

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202-10098-01, April 2005
© 2005 by NETGEAR, Inc. All rights reserved.
Trademarks
NETGEAR is a trademark of Netgear, Inc.
Microsoft, Windows, and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
Other brand and product names are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders.
Statement of Conditions
In the interest of improving internal design, operational function, and/or reliability, NETGEAR reserves the right to
make changes to the products described in this document without notice.
NETGEAR does not assume any liability that may occur due to the use or application of the product(s) or circuit
layout(s) described herein.
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Compliance Notice: Radio Frequency Notice
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to
part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a
residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and
used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no
guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to
radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try
to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
EN 55 022 Declaration of Conformance
This is to certify that the FVS114 ProSafe VPN Firewall is shielded against the generation of radio interference in
accordance with the application of Council Directive 89/336/EEC, Article 4a. Conformity is declared by the application
of EN 55 022 Class B (CISPR 22).
Certificate of the Manufacturer/Importer
It is hereby certified that the FVS114 ProSafe VPN Firewall has been suppressed in accordance with the conditions set
out in the BMPT-AmtsblVfg 243/1991 and Vfg 46/1992. The operation of some equipment (for example, test
transmitters) in accordance with the regulations may, however, be subject to certain restrictions. Please refer to the notes
in the operating instructions.
Federal Office for Telecommunications Approvals has been notified of the placing of this equipment on the market
and has been granted the right to test the series for compliance with the regulations.

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Product and Publication Details
Model Number: FVS114
Publication Date: April 2005
Product Family: Router
Product Name: FVS114 ProSafe VPN Firewall
Home or Business Product: Business
Language: English

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Contents v
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Contents
Chapter 1
About This Manual
Audience, Scope, Conventions, and Formats ................................................................1-1
How to Use This Manual ................................................................................................1-2
How to Print this Manual .................................................................................................1-3
Chapter 2
Introduction
Key Features of the VPN Firewall ..................................................................................2-1
A Powerful, True Firewall with Content Filtering ......................................................2-2
Security ....................................................................................................................2-2
Autosensing Ethernet Connections with Auto Uplink ...............................................2-3
Extensive Protocol Support ......................................................................................2-3
Easy Installation and Management ..........................................................................2-4
Maintenance and Support ........................................................................................2-4
Package Contents ..........................................................................................................2-5
The FVS114 Front Panel ..........................................................................................2-5
The FVS114 Rear Panel ..........................................................................................2-6
NETGEAR-Related Products .........................................................................................2-7
NETGEAR Product Registration, Support, and Documentation .....................................2-7
Chapter 3
Connecting the Firewall to the Internet
Prepare to Install Your FVS114 ProSafe VPN Firewall ...................................................3-1
First, Connect the FVS114 .............................................................................................3-1
Now, Configure the FVS114 for Internet Access ............................................................3-4
Troubleshooting Tips ......................................................................................................3-6
Overview of How to Access the FVS114 VPN Firewall ..................................................3-7
How to Log On to the FVS114 After
Configuration Settings Have Been Applied ..............................................................3-8
How to Bypass the Configuration Assistant .............................................................3-9

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Using the Smart Setup Wizard .....................................................................................3-10
How to Manually Configure Your Internet Connection ..................................................3-11
Chapter 4
Firewall Protection and
Content Filtering
Firewall Protection and Content Filtering Overview ........................................................4-1
Block Sites ......................................................................................................................4-2
Using Rules to Block or Allow Specific Kinds of Traffic ..................................................4-3
Inbound Rules (Port Forwarding) .............................................................................4-6
Inbound Rule Example: A Local Public Web Server ..........................................4-6
Inbound Rule Example: Allowing a Videoconference from Restricted Addresses 4-7
Considerations for Inbound Rules .....................................................................4-8
Outbound Rules (Service Blocking) .........................................................................4-8
Outbound Rule Example: Blocking Instant Messenger .....................................4-9
Order of Precedence for Rules ..............................................................................4-10
Services ........................................................................................................................4-11
Using a Schedule to Block or Allow Specific Traffic ......................................................4-13
Time Zone ..............................................................................................................4-14
Getting E-Mail Notifications of Event Logs and Alerts ..................................................4-15
Viewing Logs of Web Access or Attempted Web Access .............................................4-17
Syslog ....................................................................................................................4-18
Chapter 5
Basic Virtual Private Networking
Overview of VPN Configuration ......................................................................................5-2
Client-to-Gateway VPN Tunnels ..............................................................................5-2
Gateway-to-Gateway VPN Tunnels .........................................................................5-2
Planning a VPN ..............................................................................................................5-3
VPN Tunnel Configuration ..............................................................................................5-5
How to Set Up a Client-to-Gateway VPN Configuration .................................................5-5
Step 1: Configuring the Client-to-Gateway VPN Tunnel on the FVS114 ..................5-6
Step 2: Configuring the NETGEAR ProSafe VPN Client on the Remote PC ...........5-9
Monitoring the Progress and Status of the VPN Client Connection .......................5-16
Transferring a Security Policy to Another Client ....................................................5-17
Exporting a Security Policy ..............................................................................5-17
Importing a Security Policy ..............................................................................5-18
How to Set Up a Gateway-to-Gateway VPN Configuration ..........................................5-20

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Procedure to Configure a Gateway-to-Gateway VPN Tunnel ................................5-21
VPN Tunnel Control ......................................................................................................5-26
Activating a VPN Tunnel ........................................................................................5-26
Start Using a VPN Tunnel to Activate It ...........................................................5-26
Using the VPN Status Page to Activate a VPN Tunnel ....................................5-26
Activate the VPN Tunnel by Pinging the Remote Endpoint .............................5-27
Verifying the Status of a VPN Tunnel .....................................................................5-29
Deactivating a VPN Tunnel ....................................................................................5-30
Using the Policy Table on the VPN Policies Page to Deactivate a VPN Tunnel 5-30
Using the VPN Status Page to Deactivate a VPN Tunnel ...............................5-31
Deleting a VPN Tunnel ...........................................................................................5-32
Chapter 6
Advanced Virtual Private Networking
Overview of FVS114 Policy-Based VPN Configuration ..................................................6-1
Using Policies to Manage VPN Traffic .....................................................................6-2
Using Automatic Key Management ..........................................................................6-2
IKE Policies’ Automatic Key and Authentication Management ................................6-3
VPN Policy Configuration for Auto Key Negotiation .................................................6-5
VPN Policy Configuration for Manual Key Exchange ...............................................6-9
Using Digital Certificates for IKE Auto-Policy Authentication .......................................6-13
Certificate Revocation List (CRL) ...........................................................................6-14
Walk-Through of Configuration Scenarios on the FVS114 ...........................................6-14
VPN Consortium Scenario 1:
Gateway-to-Gateway with Preshared Secrets .......................................................6-15
FVS114 Scenario 1: FVS114 to Gateway B IKE and VPN Policies .......................6-16
How to Check VPN Connections ...........................................................................6-21
Testing the Gateway A FVS114 LAN and the Gateway B LAN .......................6-21
FVS114 Scenario 2: FVS114 to FVS114 with RSA Certificates .............................6-22
Chapter 7
Maintenance
Viewing VPN Firewall Status Information .......................................................................7-1
Viewing a List of Attached Devices .................................................................................7-5
Upgrading the Firewall Software ....................................................................................7-5
Configuration File Management .....................................................................................7-6
Backing Up the Configuration ..................................................................................7-7
Restoring the Configuration .....................................................................................7-7

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Erasing the Configuration .........................................................................................7-7
Changing the Administrator Password ...........................................................................7-8
Diagnostics .....................................................................................................................7-8
Chapter 8
Advanced Configuration
WAN Setup .....................................................................................................................8-1
Default DMZ Server .................................................................................................8-2
Respond to Ping on Internet WAN Port ...................................................................8-3
How to Configure Dynamic DNS ....................................................................................8-3
Using the LAN IP Setup Options ....................................................................................8-5
Configuring LAN TCP/IP Setup Parameters ............................................................8-5
Using the Firewall as a DHCP server .......................................................................8-7
Using Address Reservation ......................................................................................8-7
Configuring Static Routes ...............................................................................................8-8
Static Route Example .............................................................................................8-10
Enabling Remote Management Access .......................................................................8-10
UPnP ............................................................................................................................8-13
Chapter 9
Troubleshooting
Basic Functioning ...........................................................................................................9-1
Power LED Not On ...................................................................................................9-1
LEDs Never Turn Off ................................................................................................9-2
LAN or Internet Port LEDs Not On ...........................................................................9-2
Troubleshooting the Web Configuration Interface ..........................................................9-3
Troubleshooting the ISP Connection ..............................................................................9-4
Troubleshooting a TCP/IP Network Using a Ping Utility .................................................9-5
Testing the LAN Path to Your Firewall ......................................................................9-5
Testing the Path from Your PC to a Remote Device ................................................9-6
Restoring the Default Configuration and Password ........................................................9-7
Problems with Date and Time .........................................................................................9-7
Appendix A
Technical Specifications
Appendix B
Network, Routing, and Firewall Basics
Related Publications ...................................................................................................... B-1
Basic Router Concepts .................................................................................................. B-1

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What is a Router? ................................................................................................... B-2
Routing Information Protocol ................................................................................... B-2
IP Addresses and the Internet ....................................................................................... B-2
Netmask .................................................................................................................. B-4
Subnet Addressing .................................................................................................. B-5
Private IP Addresses ............................................................................................... B-7
Single IP Address Operation Using NAT ....................................................................... B-8
MAC Addresses and Address Resolution Protocol ................................................. B-9
Related Documents ................................................................................................. B-9
Domain Name Server .............................................................................................. B-9
IP Configuration by DHCP ........................................................................................... B-10
Internet Security and Firewalls .................................................................................... B-10
What is a Firewall? .................................................................................................B-11
Stateful Packet Inspection ...............................................................................B-11
Denial of Service Attack ..................................................................................B-11
Ethernet Cabling ...........................................................................................................B-11
Category 5 Cable Quality ...................................................................................... B-12
Inside Twisted Pair Cables .................................................................................... B-13
Uplink Switches, Crossover Cables, and MDI/MDIX Switching ............................ B-14
Appendix C
Virtual Private Networking
What is a VPN? .............................................................................................................C-1
What Is IPSec and How Does It Work? .........................................................................C-2
IPSec Security Features .........................................................................................C-2
IPSec Components .................................................................................................C-2
Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) ...................................................................C-3
Authentication Header (AH) ....................................................................................C-4
IKE Security Association .........................................................................................C-4
Mode .................................................................................................................C-5
Key Management ....................................................................................................C-6
Understand the Process Before You Begin ...................................................................C-6
VPN Process Overview .................................................................................................C-7
Network Interfaces and Addresses .........................................................................C-7
Interface Addressing .........................................................................................C-7
Firewalls ...........................................................................................................C-8

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VPN Tunnel Between Gateways .............................................................................C-8
VPNC IKE Security Parameters ..................................................................................C-10
VPNC IKE Phase I Parameters .............................................................................C-10
VPNC IKE Phase II Parameters ............................................................................ C-11
Testing and Troubleshooting ........................................................................................ C-11
Additional Reading ...................................................................................................... C-11
Appendix D
Preparing Your Network
Preparing Your Computers for TCP/IP Networking .......................................................D-1
Configuring Windows 95, 98, and Me for TCP/IP Networking .......................................D-2
Install or Verify Windows Networking Components .................................................D-2
Enabling DHCP to Automatically Configure TCP/IP Settings .................................D-4
Selecting Windows’ Internet Access Method ..........................................................D-6
Verifying TCP/IP Properties ....................................................................................D-6
Configuring Windows NT4, 2000 or XP for IP Networking ............................................D-7
Install or Verify Windows Networking Components .................................................D-7
Enabling DHCP to Automatically Configure TCP/IP Settings .................................D-8
DHCP Configuration of TCP/IP in Windows XP .....................................................D-8
DHCP Configuration of TCP/IP in Windows 2000 ................................................D-10
DHCP Configuration of TCP/IP in Windows NT4 ..................................................D-13
Verifying TCP/IP Properties for Windows XP, 2000, and NT4 ..............................D-15
Configuring the Macintosh for TCP/IP Networking ......................................................D-16
MacOS 8.6 or 9.x ..................................................................................................D-16
MacOS X ...............................................................................................................D-16
Verifying TCP/IP Properties for Macintosh Computers .........................................D-17
Verifying the Readiness of Your Internet Account .......................................................D-18
Are Login Protocols Used? ...................................................................................D-18
What Is Your Configuration Information? ..............................................................D-18
Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Windows Computers .......................D-19
Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Macintosh Computers .....................D-20
Restarting the Network ................................................................................................D-21
Glossary
List of Glossary Terms ...................................................................................................G-1
Numeric .........................................................................................................................G-1
A ....................................................................................................................................G-1

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B ....................................................................................................................................G-2
C ....................................................................................................................................G-3
D ....................................................................................................................................G-3
E ....................................................................................................................................G-4
G ....................................................................................................................................G-5
I ......................................................................................................................................G-5
L .....................................................................................................................................G-6
M ....................................................................................................................................G-7
P ....................................................................................................................................G-7
Q ....................................................................................................................................G-8
R ....................................................................................................................................G-9
S ....................................................................................................................................G-9
T ....................................................................................................................................G-9
U ..................................................................................................................................G-10
W .................................................................................................................................G-10

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About This Manual 1-1
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Chapter 1
About This Manual
This chapter describes the intended audience, scope, conventions, and formats of this manual.
Audience, Scope, Conventions, and Formats
This reference manual assumes that the reader has basic to intermediate computer and Internet
skills. However, basic computer network, Internet, firewall, and VPN technologies tutorial
information is provided in the Appendices and on the NETGEAR Web site.
This guide uses the following typographical conventions:
This guide uses the following formats to highlight special messages:
This manual is written for the FVS114 VPN Firewall according to these specifications.:
Table 1-1. Typographical Conventions
italics Emphasis, books, CDs, URL names
bold User input
fixed Screen text, file and server names, extensions, commands, IP addresses
Note: This format is used to highlight information of importance or special interest.
Table 1-2. Manual Scope
Product Version FVS114 ProSafe VPN Firewall
Manual Publication Date April 2005
Note: Product updates are available on the NETGEAR, Inc. Web site at
http://kbserver.netgear.com/products/FVS114.asp.

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How to Use This Manual
The HTML version of this manual includes the following:
• Buttons, and , for browsing forwards or backwards through the manual one page
at a time
• A button that displays the table of contents and an button. Double-click on a
link in the table of contents or index to navigate directly to where the topic is described in the
manual.
• A button to access the full NETGEAR, Inc. online Knowledge Base for the
product model.
• Links to PDF versions of the full manual and individual chapters.

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How to Print this Manual
To print this manual you can choose one of the following several options, according to your needs.
•Printing a Page in the HTML View.
Each page in the HTML version of the manual is dedicated to a major topic. Use the Print
button on the browser toolbar to print the page contents.
•Printing a Chapter.
Use the PDF of This Chapter link at the top left of any page.
– Click the PDF of This Chapter link at the top right of any page in the chapter you want to
print. The PDF version of the chapter you were viewing opens in a browser window.
Note: Your computer must have the free Adobe Acrobat reader installed in order to view
and print PDF files. The Acrobat reader is available on the Adobe Web site at
http://www.adobe.com.
– Click the print icon in the upper left of the window.
Tip: If your printer supports printing two pages on a single sheet of paper, you can save
paper and printer ink by selecting this feature.
•Printing the Full Manual.
Use the Complete PDF Manual link at the top left of any page.
– Click the Complete PDF Manual link at the top left of any page in the manual. The PDF
version of the complete manual opens in a browser window.
– Click the print icon in the upper left of the window.
Tip: If your printer supports printing two pages on a single sheet of paper, you can save
paper and printer ink by selecting this feature.

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Introduction 2-1
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Chapter 2
Introduction
This chapter describes the features of the NETGEAR FVS114 ProSafe VPN Firewall.
Key Features of the VPN Firewall
The FVS114 ProSafe VPN Firewall with four-port switch connects your local area network (LAN)
to the Internet through an external access device such as a cable modem or DSL modem.
The FVS114 is a complete security solution that protects your network from attacks and intrusions.
Unlike simple Internet sharing firewalls that rely on Network Address Translation (NAT) for
security, the FVS114 uses stateful packet inspection for Denial of Service attack (DoS) protection
and intrusion detection. The FVS114 allows Internet access for up to 253 users. The FVS114 VPN
Firewall provides you with multiple Web content filtering options, plus browsing activity reporting
and instant alerts — both via e-mail. Parents and network administrators can establish restricted
access policies based on time-of-day, Web site addresses and address keywords, and share
high-speed cable/DSL Internet access for up to 253 personal computers. In addition to NAT, the
built-in firewall protects you from hackers.
With minimum setup, you can install and use the firewall within minutes.
The FVS114 VPN Firewall provides the following features:
• Easy, Web-based setup for installation and management.
• Content filtering and site blocking security.
• Built-in four-port 10/100 Mbps switch.
• Ethernet connection to a WAN device, such as a cable modem or DSL modem.
• Extensive protocol support.
• Login capability.
• Front panel LEDs for easy monitoring of status and activity.
• Flash memory for firmware upgrade.

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A Powerful, True Firewall with Content Filtering
Unlike simple Internet sharing NAT firewalls, the FVS114 is a true firewall, using stateful packet
inspection to defend against hacker attacks. Its firewall features include:
• DoS protection.
Automatically detects and thwarts DoS attacks such as Ping of Death, SYN Flood, LAND
Attack, and IP Spoofing.
• Blocks unwanted traffic from the Internet to your LAN.
• Blocks access from your LAN to Internet locations or services that you specify as off-limits.
• Logs security incidents.
The FVS114 logs security events such as blocked incoming traffic, port scans, attacks, and
administrator logins. You can configure the firewall to email the log to you at specified
intervals. You can also configure the firewall to send immediate alert messages to your e-mail
address or email pager whenever a significant event occurs.
• With its content filtering feature, the FVS114 prevents objectionable content from reaching
your PCs. The firewall allows you to control access to Internet content by screening for
keywords within Web addresses. You can configure the firewall to log and report attempts to
access objectionable Internet sites.
Security
The FVS114 VPN Firewall is equipped with several features designed to maintain security, as
described in this section.
• PCs Hidden by NAT
NAT opens a temporary path to the Internet for requests originating from the local network.
Requests originating from outside the LAN are discarded, preventing users outside the LAN
from finding and directly accessing the PCs on the LAN.
• Port Forwarding with NAT
Although NAT prevents Internet locations from directly accessing the PCs on the LAN, the
firewall allows you to direct incoming traffic to specific PCs based on the service port number
of the incoming request, or to one designated “DNS” host computer. You can specify
forwarding of single ports or ranges of ports.

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Autosensing Ethernet Connections with Auto Uplink
With its internal eight-port 10/100 switch, the FVS114 can connect to either a 10 Mbps standard
Ethernet network or a 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet network. Both the LAN and WAN interfaces are
autosensing and capable of full-duplex or half-duplex operation.
The firewall incorporates Auto UplinkTM technology. Each Ethernet port automatically senses
whether the Ethernet cable plugged into the port should have a normal connection such as to a PC
or an uplink connection such as to a switch or hub. That port then configures itself to the correct
configuration. This feature also eliminates the need to worry about crossover cables, as Auto
Uplink will accommodate either type of cable to make the right connection.
Extensive Protocol Support
The FVS114 VPN Firewall supports the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
and Routing Information Protocol (RIP). For further information about TCP/IP, refer to
Appendix B, “Network, Routing, and Firewall Basics.”
• IP Address Sharing by NAT
The FVS114 VPN Firewall allows several networked PCs to share an Internet account using
only a single IP address, which may be statically or dynamically assigned by your Internet
service provider (ISP). This technique, known as NAT, allows the use of an inexpensive
single-user ISP account.
• Automatic Configuration of Attached PCs by DHCP
The FVS114 VPN Firewall dynamically assigns network configuration information, including
IP, gateway, and Domain Name Server (DNS) addresses, to attached PCs on the LAN using
the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). This feature greatly simplifies
configuration of PCs on your local network.
• DNS Proxy
When DHCP is enabled and no DNS addresses are specified, the firewall provides its own
address as a DNS server to the attached PCs. The firewall obtains actual DNS addresses from
the ISP during connection setup and forwards DNS requests from the LAN.
• Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE)
PPPoE is a protocol for connecting remote hosts to the Internet over a DSL connection by
simulating a dial-up connection. This feature eliminates the need to run a login program such
as Entersys or WinPOET on your PC.

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Easy Installation and Management
You can install, configure, and operate the FVS114 ProSafe VPN Firewall within minutes after
connecting it to the network. The following features simplify installation and management tasks:
• Browser-based management
Browser-based configuration allows you to easily configure your firewall from almost any
type of personal computer, such as Windows, Macintosh, or Linux. A user-friendly Setup
Wizard is provided and online help documentation is built into the browser-based Web
Management Interface.
• Smart Wizard
The FVS114 VPN Firewall automatically senses the type of Internet connection, asking you
only for the information required for your type of ISP account.
• Diagnostic functions
The firewall incorporates built-in diagnostic functions such as Ping, DNS lookup, and remote
reboot.
• Remote management
The firewall allows you to login to the Web Management Interface from a remote location on
the Internet. For security, you can limit remote management access to a specified remote IP
address or range of addresses, and you can choose a nonstandard port number.
• Visual monitoring
The FVS114 VPN Firewall’s front panel LEDs provide an easy way to monitor its status and
activity.
Maintenance and Support
NETGEAR offers the following features to help you maximize your use of the FVS114 VPN
Firewall:
• Flash memory for firmware upgrade.
• Free technical support seven days a week, 24 hours a day.