Norton Clipper C1318P User manual

OWNER’S MANUAL
SMALL PUSH
WALK-BEHIND SAW
Model: C1318P | C1418P

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Norton Clipper warrants the C1318P and C1418P are warrantied against defects in workmanship or
materials for a period of one (1) year from the original purchase date from Norton Clipper when used in
commercial, institutional, rental, or professional use..
To activate your warranty for all Norton Clipper products visit the Product Registration page on the
website and register your machine.
The responsibility of Norton Clipper under this warranty is limited to replacement or repair of defective
parts at a point designated by it, of such part as shall appear to us upon inspection at such point, to
have been defective in material or workmanship, with expense for transportation borne by the customer.
In no event shall Norton Clipper be liable for consequential or incidental damages arising out of the
failure of any product to operate properly.
Integral units such as gasoline engines, electric motors, batteries, tires, transmissions, etc., are
excluded from this warranty and are subject to the prime manufacturer's warranty. This warranty is in
lieu of all other warranties, expressed or implied, and all such other warranties are hereby disclaimed.
Important: Before placing equipment in operation, record the following information:
UPC #: (starts with 701846-xxxxx)
MODEL #:
SERIAL #:
PURCHASE DATE:
PURCHASED FROM:
ADDRESS/CITY/STATE/ZIP:
Before using this equipment, make sure that the person using it has read and understands the
instructions in this Owner’s Manual.
WARRANTY

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Warranty..................................................................................................................1
Table of Contents....................................................................................................2-3
Safety Precautions .................................................................................................4-7
Hazard Icons ..........................................................................................................................4
Safety Icons............................................................................................................................5
Dust and Silica Warning ......................................................................................................... 6
Preparation..............................................................................................................8
Assembly................................................................................................................................8-10
Machine Lifting Points ............................................................................................................ 8
Handlebar Assembly ..............................................................................................................9
Blade Shaft Guard Assembly.................................................................................................. 10
Specifications & Features.......................................................................................................11
Preparation / Operation ..........................................................................................12
Assembly................................................................................................................................12
Installing The Blade................................................................................................................12-13
Starting The Engine................................................................................................................13-15
Water Supply.......................................................................................................................... 16
Operating The Saw.................................................................................................................16
Cutting Technique ..................................................................................................................16
Maintenance ...........................................................................................................16
Honda Engine......................................................................................................................... 17
Kohler Engine......................................................................................................................... 18-19
Bearings .................................................................................................................................19
V-Belt...................................................................................................................................... 20-23
Depth Control .........................................................................................................................24
Inspection and Cleaning.........................................................................................................24
Wiring Diagram....................................................................................................................... 25
TABLE OF
CONTENTS

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Parts Breakdown.....................................................................................................26-39
Ordering Information...............................................................................................................26
Depth Control Group ..............................................................................................................27
Handlebar Group....................................................................................................................28
Blade Guard Group ................................................................................................................29
Blade Shaft Group..................................................................................................................30
Belt Tensioning Group............................................................................................................ 31
Engine Mount Group .............................................................................................................. 32
Main Frame Group .................................................................................................................33
Water Tank Group..................................................................................................................34
Front Pointer Group................................................................................................................35
Decals.....................................................................................................................................36-39
TABLE OF
CONTENTS

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Important warnings and pieces of advice are indicated on the machine with icons.
HAZARD ICONS
Fuel (gasoline) is extremely flammable, and its vapors can explode if ignited.
Store gasoline only in approved containers, in well-ventilated, unoccupied
approved areas, and away from sparks or flames. Do not fill the fuel tank while
the engine is hot or running. Do not start the engine near spilled fuel. Never use
the fuel as a cleaning agent
Hot surface! Do not touch. Engine components can get extremely hot from
operation. To prevent burns, do not touch the engine or related parts while the
engine is running or immediately after it is turned off. Never operate the engine
with any heat shields or guards removed.
Keep all guards in place when operating any piece of equipment.
Moving parts can crush and cut. Keep hands, feet, hair, and loose clothing away
from all rotating parts.
Lethal Exhaust Gas: use only in well ventilated areas. Engine exhaust gases
contain poisonous carbon monoxide, which is odorless, colorless, and can cause
death if inhaled. Avoid inhaling exhaust fumes, and never run the engine in a
closed building or confined area.
Never tamper with the governor components of settings to increase the maximum
speed. Severe personal injury and damage to the engine or equipment can result
if operated at speed above maximum. Always obey the maximum speed rating of
blade.
Warning alert symbol. DO NOT LIFT THE SAW BY THE HANDLEBARS OR
CUTTING TABLE.
SAFETY
PRECAUTIONS

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Important warnings and pieces of advice are indicated on the machine with icons.
SAFETY ICONS
Read operator’s instructions.
Read OSHA and ANSI B7.1.
Visit the industry safety page:
www.safety.UAMA.org
Eye protection must be worn.
Ear protection must be worn.
Protect your lungs against dust.
Hand protection must be worn.
Rotation direction of the blade.
Pump On Pump Off
SAFETY
PRECAUTIONS

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DUST AND SILICA WARNING
Grinding/cutting/drilling of masonry, concrete, metal, and other materials can generate dust, mists and
fumes containing chemicals known to cause serious or fatal injury or illness, such as respiratory
disease, cancer, birth defects or other reproductive harm. If you are unfamiliar with the risks associated
with the particular process and/or material being cut or the composition of the tool being used, review
the material safety data sheet and/or consult your employer, the material manufacturer/supplier,
governmental agencies such as OSHA and NIOSH and other sources on hazardous materials and
make certain to comply with all product warnings and instructions for the safe and effective use of the
material being cut. California and some other authorities, for instance, have published lists of
substances known to cause cancer, reproductive toxicity, or other harmful effects.
Control dust, mist, and fumes at the source where possible. In this regard use good work practices and
follow the recommendations of the manufacturer/supplier, OSHA/NIOSH, and occupational and trade
associations. Water should be used for dust suppression when wet cutting is feasible. When the
hazards from inhalation of dust, mists and fumes cannot be eliminated through engineering controls
such as vacuum and/or water mist, the operator and any bystanders should always wear a respirator
approved by NIOSH/MSHA for the material being cut.
CALIFORNIA PROPOSITION 65 MESSAGE
Some dust created by power sanding, sawing, grinding, drilling, and other construction activities contain
chemicals known (to the State of California) to cause cancer, birth defects or other reproductive harm.
Some examples of these chemicals are:
• Lead, from lead-based paints
• Crystalline silica, from bricks and cement and other masonry products
• Arsenic and chromium, from chemically treated lumber
For Addition Information Consult the Following Sources:
http://www.osha.gov/dsg/topics/silicacrystalline/index.html
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/consilic.html
http://oehha.ca.gov/prop65/law/P65law72003.html
http://www.dir.ca.gov/Title8/sub4.html
Use Approved:
Eye Protection
Hearing Protection
Respiratory
Protection
Head Protection
SAFETY
PRECAUTIONS

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1. Before mounting any blade on the saw, the blade should be inspected for any damage which might
have occurred during shipment, handling, or previous use.
2. The blade collars & arbors should be cleaned and examined for damage before mounting the blade.
3. The blade shaft nut, which is a left-hand thread nut, must be tightened securely against the outside
blade shaft collar.
4. The blade shaft nut must be tightened securely against the outside blade shaft collar.
5. The blade must be operated within the specified maximum operating speed listed on the blade.
6. Always us water for blade cooling and dust control using water tank or water hose hook-ups turn water
control valve to full to provide adequate coolant (4 to 6 gallons per minute) for diamond blades.
Insufficient coolant could result in severe blade breakage or diamond segment separation. DO Not
Wet Cut with Abrasive Blades.
7. The blade guard must be in place with the nose guard down and locked before starting & running the
machine.
8. The operator should wear safety glasses and any other appropriate safety equipment.
9. When starting the saw, the operator & spectators should stand away and to the side of the blade.
10.If for any reason the saw should stall in the cut, remove the material from the blade. Check the outside
blade shaft collar and nut for tightness. Inspect the blade for damage before restarting the saw. Use
caution when resuming a cut be certain that the blade is in alignment with the previous cut using the
saw pointer.
11.During cutting operations do not exert excess side pressure on the handles as a method of steering.
Do not force the blade into the cut by lowering the blade too fast or by pushing the saw too fast.
SAFETY
PRECAUTIONS

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Assembly
The C1318P and C1418P are the same machine being the engine brand the only exception. The
C1318P uses a Honda GX390 13HP engine while the C1418P a Kohler 14HP CH440 engine.
DO NOT LIFT THE SAW BY THE HANDLEBARS
Lifting Point
and Tie Down
Point
Lifting Point and
Tie Down Point
Lifting Bale
DO NOT LIFT THE
SAW BY THE HANDLEBARS

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The compact concrete saws are shipped completely assembled and ready for use except for diamond
blade, gasoline, oil, handlebar installed, and blade shaft guard installed. Inspect the saw for shipping
damage. If any damage is found, contact the shipper immediately and file a freight claim. Norton Clipper
is not responsible for any freight-related damages.
Remove the saw from the pallet. Reverse the position of the handlebars so that the handlebar sticks out
towards the operator. Adjust the handlebars to the desired height. Align the hole located in the
operator’s right side of the Handlebar Assembly with the M10 Weld Nut in the frame. Attach the
handlebars to the saw with the supplied hardware. The Operator’s Right Side Screw part# 028098 will
pass through a hole in the Handlebar Assembly. Tighten 029098 to the Handlebar Assembly and then
tighten the M10 Jam Nut 027006. Tighten 027021 to the Handlebar Assembly and then tighten the M10
Jam Nut 027006.
DO NOT LIFT THE SAW FROM THE HANDLEBARS
Handlebar Installation
Handlebar Group
UPC
Part #
Description
QTY
70184600809
027021
SCR M10 X 25 8.8 DIN933
1
70184681615
027006
NUT M10 1.5 DIN934 HEX
2
70184627482
237242
SCREW M10 X 50 1.5 DIN933 HEX HEAD CAP FULL THREAD
1
PREPARATION
70184681615
70184627482
M10 Weld
Nut
M10 Weld
Nut
70184600809
70184681615

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Attach the Blade Shaft Cover to the Operator’s Left Side of the machine with the supplied M10 Carriage
Bolts and Nuts. The heads of the Carriage Bolts go inside of the frame. The Blade Shaft Guard and
Blade Guard can be swapped from side to side. NEVER run two blades at the same time. Insure all
hardware is fully secured before use. NOTE: Do not install the blade until it is time to use the saw.
ANSI regulations prohibit the transportation of any concrete saw with the blade installed. Read and
understand the remaining sections of this Owner’s Manual.
Blade Shaft Guard Installation
Blade Shaft Guard Group
UPC
Part #
Description
QTY
70184643375
232358
BLADE SHAFT GUARD ASSEMBLY
Includes: Blade Shaft Guard and all Hardware Listed Below
1
-NA-
030761
BOLT M10 1.5 x 25 CARRIAGE DIN 603
2
70184681610
027504
WASHER M10 FLAT DIN125
2
70184681609
027505
WASHER M10 LOCK DIN127
2
70184681615
027006
NUT M10 1.5 DIN934 HEX
2
Blade Shaft Guard
PREPARATION
030761
030761
70184681610
70184681609
70184681615

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* = Horsepower and Torque ratings are Gross Horsepower and are supplied by the engine manufacturer. Actual output of the engine will vary due
to many factors including operational speed of engine, environmental conditions, maintenance, fuel, and other variables. Saint-Gobain Abrasives,
Inc. makes NO claim to actual or gross horsepower and torque ratings. 1) The sound measures have been made following pr EN 12638, Annex A;
2) “Floor sawing, grooving and milling machines –Safety"
Dimensions/Weight
C1318P
C1418P
Length (Working)
45.66” (1160 mm)
Length (Transport)
33.50” (850 mm)
Width
39.50” (1003 mm)
Height
39” (990 mm)
Weight
220 lbs (100 kg)
Engine
Engine Mfg.
Honda
Kohler
Model
GX390
CH440
Manufacturers Spec No.
GX390K1QXC9
PA-CH440-3302
Engine Type
Single Cylinder 4 Cycle
Single Cylinder 4 Cycle
Horsepower - Gross
13 hp* (9.5kW)
@ 3,600 rpm
14 hp* (10.4kW)
@ 3,600 rpm
Max Torque –Gross
19.5 ft-lbs (26.5 Nm, 2.7
kg-m) @ 2,500 rpm
22.7 ft-lbs (30.8 Nm, 3.1
kg-m) @ 3,600 rpm
Cooling System
Air
Air
Oil Capacity
1.16 US qt (1.1 liter)
1.4 US qt (1.3 liter)
Fuel Capacity
1.79 US gal (6.5 liter)
1.75 US gal (7.0 liter)
Fuel Type
Unleaded Gasoline (86 pump
Unleaded Gasoline (86 pump
Low Oil Sensor
Yes
Yes
Air Filtration
Four Stage Cyclone
Four Stage Quad Clean
Characteristics
Max Blade
18” (450 mm)
18” (450 mm)
Depth of Cut 18” (406 mm)
6.75” (172 mm)
16” (406 mm)
5.75” (146 mm)
14” (356 mm)
4.75” (121 mm)
12” (305 mm)
3.75” (95 mm)
Arbor Bore
1” (25.4 mm)
Blade Shaft Locking Device
Machined Into Flats of Tight Collar
Blade Shaft Speed
2,573 rpm
Depth Control
Hand Wheel With Screw Feed
Depth Lock
Standard
Depth Gauge
Customer Installed Accessory
Number Of Belts
Single Ten (10) Groove K Section Belt
Blade Guard Type
Hinged, All Steel Construction
Right or Left Side Cutting
Yes
Lifting Bale
Built-In
Handlebars
Adjustable, Stays Level at All Times
Water Tank
Standard
Water Tank Capacity
6.5 US Gallons (24.6 liter)
Water Hose Connector
Standard Garden Hose with Flow Control Valve
Recessed Rear Wheels
Standard
Sound pressure1
88 Db(A)
Sound power1
105 Db(A)
Vibration emission value
9.18 ft/ s² (2.8 m/s²) (according to EN 12096)

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Engine
Prior to attempting to operate the engine, read the information contained in the engine owner's
manual. An engine owner’s manual is supplied with every gasoline powered concrete saw.
1. Check Oil: Add oil if low. Refer to the engine owner's manual for the recommended SAE
viscosity grades. Capacity of oil is 1.16 US quarts (1.1 liters) for Honda powered C1318P
and 1.4 US qt (1.3 liter) for Kohler powered C1418P models
2. Check Fuel: Fill if low. Use only unleaded gasoline with a pump sticker octane rating of
86 or higher is recommended. Never use an oil and gasoline mixture!
3. Air Cleaner: Never run the engine without the air cleaner! Rapid engine wear will result
fromcontaminants being drawn through the carburetor and into the engine.
4. Engine Starting: Refer to the engine owner's manual additional proper engine
startingprocedure.
D) Pointer Alignment
1. Use a straight edge, and carefully mark a line 12 feet long on a smooth level surface.
2. Place the saw blade on the marked line, move the saw to the center of the marked line
andthen lower the blade until it is about 1/16” above the marked line
3. Measure from each end of the saw frame to ensure that the frame is parallel to the marked
line.Adjust the saw as needed.
4. With the blade centered on the marked line and the saw frame parallel to the marked
line,lower the front pointer.
5. Adjust the pointer by bending it until is aligned with the marked line.
Operation
Installing the Blade
1. Disconnect the spark plug.
2. Remove the blade shaft nut, (Turn clockwise), and remove the outside collar.
3. Clean off any foreign particles on the clamping surfaces of both collars and on the
mountingsurface of the blade.
4. Place the blade on the blade shaft, lining up the drive pin hole in the blade with the
drivepinhole in the inside collar.
For Best Performance Use Only Norton Diamond Blades for
Specified for the Material Being Cut.
5. Slide the outside blade shaft collar onto the blade shaft. The drive pin on the outside
collarmust project through the drive pin hole in the blade and into the inside collar.
6. Tighten the blade shaft nut (counterclockwise) securely against the outside collar.
7. Reconnect the spark plug.
SPECIFICATIONS
PREPARATION /
OPERATION

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Starting the Engine
1. Refer to the engine owner's manual for detail starting procedures.
2. Always cut with engine rpm in the full throttle setting.
Before starting, ensure the blade is properly installed, all guards are in
place and in safe operating condition, and the blade is not in contact
withany surface or object. Also verify the area where the work is to be
performed is clean, safe, and has proper ventilation and lighting.
Always locate and properly mark all water, gas, and electrical services
before beginning any work.
C1318P Honda Powered
C1318P Honda Powered
C1418P Kohler Powered
C1418P Kohler Powered
Move the Fuel Control “K” to the ON Position
Move the Choke Control “L” To the CLOSED Position
NOTE: do not use the choke if the engine is warm
or the air temperature is high.
STARTING ENGINE

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Honda / Kohler Versions
Honda / Kohler Versions
Pull The Throttle Control Slightly to the FAST
side to provide some engine throttle.
NOTE: Honda & Kohler versions operate in
opposite directions, Honda Show.
Place the engine ON/OFF switch to the ON
position
NOTE: Honda & Kohler On/OFF Switches
operate in opposition Directions, Honda Shown.
Honda / Kohler Versions
Honda / Kohler Versions
Pull the starter grip lightly until you feel
resistance then pull briskly.
CAUTION: Do not allow the starter grip to snap
back against the engine. Return gently to prevent
damage to the starter.
As the engine warms up, gradually move the
choke lever to the OPEN position. Position the
throttle control lever for the maximum engine
speed (full rear).
STARTING ENGINE

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C1418P Kohler Powered
Move the Fuel Control “L” To the OPEN Position.
As the engine warms up, gradually move the
choke lever to the OPEN position. Position the
throttle control lever for the maximum engine
speed (full rear).
To stop the engine, move the Throttle Control Lever fully to the Forward Position (Slow) right, then turn
the engine switch to the OFF position. Turn the fuel valve to the OFF position
Never transport the machine with the Fuel Valve in the ON position.
Never storethe machine with the Fuel Valve in the ON position.
Never transport a machine with the blade installed.
Starting the Engine.
1. Check the Engine Oil level.
2. Raise the saw to the full upright position. Do not let the blade come in contact with the ground.
3. Maneuver the saw to the desired starting point.
4. If wet cutting, connect the water supply to the saw.
5. Follow the instructions for starting the engine found in the Engine manual.
6. If wet cutting, turn on the water supply at the source and then open the water valves on the
saw. Make sure that there is a minimum of 4-6 gallons per minute of water flow!
7. Be sure the engine is running at full throttle!!!
8. Slowly lower the blade by rotating the hand wheel clockwise until the desired depth of cut is
reached. Use a reasonable rate of feed. Do not force the blade into the cut!!
9. When the end of the cut is reached, slowly raise the blade out of the cut by rotating the Hand
Wheel counterclockwise until the blade is at least one (1) inch above the ground.
10. Only move the saw in reverse with the blade in the raised position.
11. When moving the saw to a new location, be sure the blade is not touching the ground. Always
pay close attention to where you are moving and where the blade is at all times.
STARTING ENGINE

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Water Supply
Pressurized source: Turn the water control to full "ON" when using wet cutting blades. The required
flow rate is 4-6 gallons per minute.
Water Tank on saw: This supply is designed for use with dry blades to keep the dust levels down. The
tank will not supply the proper water flow rates when used with wet cut only blades. Do not drink the
water from this tank. Fill the tank with water only. Close the water tank valve. Attach the saws water
supply hose to the tank outlet. Fill the tank with water. The capacity of the tank is 6.5 US Gallons (24.6
liter). When you are ready to cut, adjust the water supply rate until a fine mist or a slow trickle is made.
The use of water greatly decreases the amount of dust produced during the cutting process, aids in the
cooling of the blade, and provides additional stability.
•Use Only Water in The Water Tank
•Do Not Drink from The Tank
Operating the Saw
For blade installation instructions see Installing the Blade page 11
For the engine starting instructions, see the Engine manual and follow the instructions located in section
II. Operation subheading.
Cutting Technique
Lower the blade into the concrete to the required depth by turning the hand wheel clockwise.
Reduce the forward pressure if the saw begins to stall.
Note: For deeper cuts (4” or more), several cuts should be made.
Incremental steps of 1-1/2 to 2” until the desired depth of cut is reached.
Push the saw steadily forward using the front pointer as a guide. Exert enough forward pressure so that
the engine begins to labor but does not slow down. If the saw begins to stall, reduce the forward
movement until full rpm is restored to the blade. If the saw stalls, raise the blade out of the cut before
restarting. Avoid excessive side pressure or twisting of the blade in the cut.
Additional Guidelines for Sawing:
•Understand and follow all the instructions in this owner’s manual.
•If wet cutting, turn on the water supply so that there is a minimum of 4-6 gallons per min. of flow.
•In critically hard aggregate, more than a single pass may be needed to cut the desired depth.
•If the saw stalls in the cut, immediately stop the forward speed, and raise the blade out of thecut. If
this is not done the belts can fail or the blade may be damaged.
•Go slowly with a new blade until it opens up, that is, until the diamonds can be seen and felt.
WATER SUPPLY /
STEP SAWING

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Honda Engine Maintenance
Follow the below schedule for engine maintenance.
NOTE: Check the Engine manual that shipped with the engine for any changes to the
maintenanceschedule. Or visit the engine manufacturer’s web site for details.
If the charts have any differences, follow the chart in the Engine Manual.
Norton does not warranty the engine. If any warranty or service of the engine is required contact
yournearest Engine Service Center, or from the Internet:
http://www.honda-engines.com (770-497-6400) or www.kohlerpower.com (800-554-2444)
C1318P Honda engine (refer to Honda Engine Owner's Manual for complete maintenance.)
Check the engine oil level before each use when the engine is cool, and the engine is level.
Add oil ifthe level is low. The oil level should be within the operating range (see the engine owner’s
manual for details).
Only use a high-detergent, premium quality motor oil certified to meet or exceed U.S. automobile
manufacturer’s requirements for Service Classification SG, SF/CC, CD. Motor oils will show the
classification on the container. A SAE viscosity of 10W-30 is recommended by Honda for general,
alltemperature use. Please consult the below chart or contact your local Honda service center for
theproper viscosity for your temperature range.
Honda Engine Oil Viscosity vs. Ambient Temperature. Honda Engines Only.
Always refer to the engine manual for more detailed information
on air filters, checking/changing/filling oil, and fuel type to use.
Use only Original OEM air filters.
Do not clean the air filter with gasoline or other flammable
solvents. A fire or explosion could result.
To clean, follow the instructions found in the Honda manual.
MAINTENANCE

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Kohler Engine Maintenance
(Refer to Kohler Engine Owner's Manual for complete maintenance.)
Check the engine oil level before each use when the engine is cool, and the engine is level. Add
oil if the level is low. The oil level should be within the operating range (see the engine owner’s
manual fordetails).
Kohler recommends the use of Kohler oils for the best performance (contact your local Kohler
Dealerto purchase or for additional information: Phone: [phone] web:
https://kohlerpower.com/en/engines/dealers)
Other high-quality detergent oils (including synthetic) of API (American Petroleum Institute)
service class SJ or higher are acceptable. Select viscosity based on air temperature at time of
operation asshown in table below.
MAINTENANCE

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Kohler Engine Oil viscosity vs. ambient Temperature.
Dry Cutting Engine Maintenance
• When operating the engine in dry cutting or dusty
environments the following is required:
• Engine oil changed more often.
• Every 50 hours (or more often if conditions require)
clean all the engine cooling fins.
• Every 25 hours (or more often if conditions require)
clean the engine precleaned.
• Every 100 hours (or more often if conditions require)
replace the air filter. If the engine is equipped with a
reusable air cleaner, clean and re-oil it.
• Check and clean the air filter after each use.
Replace as needed.
B. Bearings
Bearings must be relubricated weekly to assure long life. The grease used should conform to the NLGI
grade two and be free of any chemical impurities such as free acid or free alkali, dust, rust, metal
particles or abrasives.
For best results, bearings should be relubricated while in operation. Note: Due caution for
personalsafety must be observed when servicing rotating equipment. The grease should be
pumped in slowly until a slight bead form around the seals. This bead, in addition to acting as an
indicator of adequate relubrication, provides additional protection against the entry of foreign
matter. If necessaryto relubricate while the bearing is idle refer to relubrication table for maximum
grease capacity for the various size bearings.
Shaft Size
Maximum Grease Capacity of Bearing
Chamber in Ounces
1/2"' to 3/4"
1/8
7/8" to 1-3/16"
3/8
1-1/4" to 1-1/2"
5/8
Improper maintenance of bearings is not covered by any warranty.
Over lubrication will damage a bearing. Grease protruding from the sides
of the bearing is a sign of over lubrication.
Not lubricating bearings will damage the bearing unit. Damage caused by
over or under lubricating bearings is not covered by any warranty.
MAINTENANCE