Nuvation Energy NUV300-BC-12 User manual

Nuvation Energy Low-Voltage BMS
Product Manual
Document ID: NE-PM-002 | Revision: 1.2, 2021-03-03
BMS Software Version: Curie Update 1
© 2021 Nuvation Energy

Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê2
1.1. About this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê2
2. Battery Topology Terminology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê3
3. System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê4
3.1. Low-Voltage BMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê6
3.2. Cell Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê7
3.3. Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê8
4. Installation Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê9
4.1. Low-Voltage BMS Mechanical Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê9
4.1.1. Dimensions and Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê9
4.1.2. Installation Location and Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê9
4.1.3. Mounting Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê10
4.2. Low-Voltage BMS Electrical Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê11
4.2.1. Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê11
4.2.2. Review Safety Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê12
4.2.3. Grounding and Fusing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê13
4.2.4. Connect Communication Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê16
4.2.5. Control / GPIO (Connector J5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê19
4.2.6. Battery Cells and Temperature (Connector J8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê23
4.2.7. Contactors / -V Power (Connector J6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê31
4.2.8. Current Shunt / +V Power (Connector J7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê34
4.3. Cell Interface Mechanical Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê36
4.3.1. Dimensions and Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê36
4.3.2. Installation Location and Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê37
4.3.3. Mounting Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê38
4.4. Cell Interface Electrical Connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê39
4.4.1. Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê39
4.4.2. Connect Temperature Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê40
4.4.3. Connect Battery Cells Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê41
4.4.4. Connect the Link Bus Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê46
4.4.5. First-time Power-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê47
4.4.6. Status LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê48
5. Setting up the Operator Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê49
5.1. Install the Operator Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê49
5.2. Connect to the Operator Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê50
5.3. Upgrading the Nuvation Energy BMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê53
5.3.1. Upgrading the Firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê53
5.3.2. Upgrade Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê54
5.4. Generate a Configuration File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê55
5.4.1. Fine-tuning the Configuration File (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê55
5.5. Import the Configuration File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê57
5.5.1. Configuration File Import Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê58

5.6. Calibrate your Nuvation Energy BMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê59
6. Using the Operator Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê60
6.1. The Dashboard Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê60
6.1.1. Warnings and Faults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê60
6.1.2. Stack Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê61
6.1.3. Stack Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê61
6.1.4. State-of-Charge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê61
6.1.5. Depth-of-Discharge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê62
6.1.6. Cell Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê62
6.1.7. Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê63
6.1.8. Nuvation Energy BMS Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê64
6.2. The Details Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê67
6.2.1. Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê67
6.2.2. Battery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê67
6.2.3. Current Limiter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê68
6.2.4. Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê68
6.2.5. Cell Voltages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê69
6.2.6. Thermistor Temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê70
6.2.7. Open Wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê71
6.3. The Menu Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê73
6.3.1. Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê73
6.3.2. Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê73
6.3.3. Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê74
6.3.4. Locking and Unlocking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê75
6.3.5. About. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê76
6.4. The Status Banner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê77
6.4.1. Service Lockout Indication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê77
6.4.2. Communication Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê77
6.5. Understanding the Service Lockout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê78
6.5.1. Entering Service Lockout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê78
6.5.2. Exiting Service Lockout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê78
6.5.3. Shutdown Timer for Low-Voltage BMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê79
6.5.4. Service Lockout Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê79
7. Configuration Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê81
7.1. Background and Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê81
7.1.1. Register Data Model. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê81
7.1.2. Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê85
7.1.3. Storage Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê86
7.1.4. Configuration File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê86
7.2. Factory Lockdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê87
7.2.1. Configuring Factory Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê87
7.2.2. Enabling Factory Lockdown. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê87
7.2.3. Clearing Factory Lockdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê88
7.2.4. Restricted Register Write Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê88

7.2.5. Address Resolution Restrictions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê90
7.3. Battery Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê90
7.3.1. Stack Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê90
7.3.2. Stack Cycle Count . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê90
7.3.3. Current Full Threshold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê92
7.3.4. Open Circuit Voltage Curve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê92
7.3.5. Cell Resistance Estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê92
7.4. Stack Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê92
7.4.1. Cell Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê92
7.4.2. Thermistor Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê93
7.5. Operational Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê93
7.5.1. Triggers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê95
7.5.2. Cell Voltage Thresholds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê96
7.5.3. Thermistor Temperature Thresholds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê98
7.5.4. Stack Current Thresholds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê100
7.5.5. Stack Voltage Thresholds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê102
7.5.6. External Controller Heartbeat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê104
7.6. Control Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê104
7.6.1. Stack Switch Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê105
7.6.2. Stack Current Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê108
7.6.3. Passive Cell Balancing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê109
7.7. Input / Output Assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê111
7.7.1. Contactor Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê112
7.7.2. General Purpose Digital Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê113
7.7.3. General Purpose Digital Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê114
7.8. Protocol Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê115
7.8.1. CAN Bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê115
7.8.2. RS485 Modbus RTU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê122
7.9. Measurement Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê122
7.9.1. Thermistor Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê122
7.9.2. Stack Current Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê124
7.9.3. Stack Voltage Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê126
7.10. Hardware Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê127
7.10.1. Link Bus Scan Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê128
7.10.2. Cell Voltage Low-Pass Filter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê129
7.10.3. Cell Open Wire Detection and Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê129
7.10.4. Fault Pilot Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê130
7.10.5. Under-Voltage Shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê131
7.10.6. Clock Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê131
7.10.7. Open Shunt Detection and Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê132
7.10.8. Short Shunt Detection and Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê133
7.10.9. Temperature Consistency Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê134
7.11. Watchdogs and Freshness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê136
7.11.1. Freshness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê136

8. Communication Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê138
8.1. Modbus Protocol Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê138
8.1.1. Modbus RTU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê138
8.1.2. Modbus TCP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê138
8.1.3. Implemented MESA Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê138
8.1.4. MESA Model Structure and Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê139
8.1.5. Operational Cases for MESA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê141
8.1.6. Accessing MESA Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê143
8.2. CAN Bus Protocol Support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê145
8.2.1. CAN Reporting and Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê145
8.2.2. Data Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê146
8.2.3. Data Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê146
9. External Interfaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê147
9.1. Low-Voltage BMS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê147
9.1.1. Link Out (Connector J1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê147
9.1.2. Ethernet / Modbus TCP (Connector J2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê148
9.1.3. CAN (Connector J3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê148
9.1.4. RS485 / Modbus RTU (Connector J4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê148
9.1.5. Control / GPIO (Connector J5). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê149
9.1.6. Contactors / -V Power (Connector J6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê150
9.1.7. Current Shunt / +V Power (Connector J7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê151
9.1.8. Battery Cells and Temperature Sensors (Connector J8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê152
9.2. Cell Interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê155
9.2.1. Battery Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê155
9.2.2. Temperature Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê157
9.2.3. Link In . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê158
9.2.4. Link Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê159
10. Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê161
10.1. Faults and Initialization Issues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê161
10.1.1. Cell Voltage Faults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê161
10.1.2. Stack Voltage Faults. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê162
10.1.3. Thermal Faults. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê162
10.1.4. Stack Current Faults. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê163
10.1.5. Pre-charge Faults. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê164
10.1.6. Contactor Faults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê164
10.1.7. Diagnostics Faults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê165
10.1.8. Breaker Faults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê166
10.1.9. Watchdog Faults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê166
10.1.10. Miscellaneous Faults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê168
10.2. Lost/Forgotten IP Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê169
10.2.1. Wireshark (Windows/Linux) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê169
10.2.2. Netdiscover (Linux only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê169
Appendix A: Operating Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê171
Low-Voltage BMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê171

Electrical Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê171
Environmental Conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê173
Standards and Certifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê173
Cell Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê174
Electrical Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê174
Environmental Conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê174
Standards and Certifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê175
Appendix B: Ordering Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê176
Low-Voltage BMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê176
Cell Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê176
Appendix C: Changing the Nuvation Energy BMS Network Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê177
Modifying the Network Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê177
Appendix D: Factory Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê179
Appendix E: Best Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê180
Excess Cable Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê180
Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ê182

The content in this document must be followed in order to ensure safe operation of Nuvation
Energy BMS.

Do NOT connect the Current Shunt / +V Power connector to the Low-Voltage
BMS until all other connections have been made. Do NOT energize the system
until all connections to the Low-Voltage BMS (and Cell Interface modules if
applicable) have been made.

The wiring of the battery cell voltage and temperature sensing should be
verified before connecting to the Low-Voltage BMS and Cell Interface. The
temperature sensing wires must be isolated from the cell voltage sensing
leads. Although the Low-Voltage BMS and Cell Interface include protective
circuitry to make them more resilient to brief wiring errors, the same circuitry
can result in the battery cells being slowly discharged. Over time, these wiring
errors can cause damage to the Low-Voltage BMS, Cell Interface, and/or the
cells.
Properly insulate or remove any unused wires. Unused wires can couple
excessive system noise into Nuvation Energy BMS which can disrupt
communication and lead to undesirable behaviors.
Insulated handling is required of any connector carrying potentials over 60 V
DC relative to chassis.
Please be aware of high voltages present in your system and follow all
necessary safety precautions.

Nuvation Energy BMS relies on your system charger to charge the battery
cells; do not leave your charger off while Nuvation Energy BMS is powered
from the stack for prolonged periods of time. Nuvation Energy BMS should be
shut down when the system is in storage to minimize the drain on the cells.
The provided module enclosures are not fire enclosures.
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1. Introduction
Thank you for choosing Nuvation Energy BMS.
Nuvation Energy Low-Voltage BMS is an enterprise-grade battery management system with features
that extend battery life, ensure battery safety, provide data analytics, and enable remote
management.
You can take advantage of the highly configurable browser-based user interface and custom-tune
Nuvation Energy BMS to your specific target application.
1.1. About this Manual
This Nuvation Energy Low-Voltage BMS: Product Manual is a comprehensive manual, providing:
▪Details about all the features offered by your Nuvation Energy Low-Voltage BMS
▪Mounting and wiring instructions to install this product safely
▪Guidance on integrating the device into your energy storage system
▪Guidance on operating the Nuvation Energy BMS Operator Interface
If there is a requirement for a Nuvation Energy Low-Voltage BMS to complete a safety certification
(such as to UL 1973) there are some additional constraints. These constraint is described in detail in
the Nuvation Energy BMS: Safety Manual (available upon request).
This document applies to Nuvation Energy BMS Curie Update 1 software release
(Firmware version 4.106.1, Operator Interface version 0.56.1). Content may be
inaccurate or incomplete for other versions.
We thrive on your feedback and what we build is driven by your input.
Please submit support tickets to [email protected].
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2. Battery Topology Terminology
Energy storage systems are hierarchical in nature. Nuvation Energy has adopted the following
definitions for battery pack topology:
Cell
A Cell is the smallest unit of energy storage distinguishable by the battery management system.
One Cell, as defined from the perspective of the BMS, may actually consist of one or more
electrochemical cells connected in parallel. This subtlety is reflected in the nomenclature for
completeness. For example, a "1p" Cell refers to a single electrochemical cell, while a "2p" Cell
refers to two electrochemical cells connected together in parallel. From the perspective of the BMS,
these topologies appear identical except for the capacity of the Cells.
Group
A Group is a set of Cells connected in series and managed together. For example, 12 "1p" Cells in
series are referred to as a "12s1p" Group, while 16 "2p" Cells in series are referred to as a "16s2p"
Group. Grouping of Cells is highly application-specific and is defined in how BMS hardware
interfaces are physically wired up to Cells.
Stack
A Stack is one or more Groups connected in series. For example, five "14s2p" Groups connected in
series could be described as a "5g14s2p" Stack. However, it is far more common to describe it as
a "70s2p" Stack.
Bank
A Bank is one or more stacks connected in parallel. For example, three "70s2p" Stacks connected
in parallel are referred to as a "3x70s2p" Bank.
Pack
A Pack is one or more Banks connected in series.
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3. System Overview
The Nuvation Energy Low-Voltage BMS is a complete battery management system that provides cell
balancing and charge management for virtually any battery chemistry using a Low-Voltage BMS. The
Low-Voltage BMS is designed for input voltage of 11–60 V DC. It can manage up to 12 or 16 battery
cells in series and can be expanded to manage additional cells with a Nuvation Energy Cell Interface
module.
The input voltage range of 11–60 V DC applies with or without a Cell Interface
expansion module.
Available modules are listed below.
Table 1. Low-Voltage BMS Modules
Model Module Name
NUV300-BC-12 Low-Voltage BMS - 12 channel
NUV300-BC-16 Low-Voltage BMS - 16 channel
Expansion Module
NUV100-CI-12-1 Cell Interface - 12 channel
NUV100-CI-16-1 Cell Interface - 16 channel
An example single-stack system with a 12 or 16 channel configuration is shown in Figure 1. This
configuration requires a single Low-Voltage BMS.
Figure 1. Nuvation Energy Low-Voltage BMS Single-Stack System Overview
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An example multi-stack system with a 24-channel configuration is shown in Figure 2. This
configuration requires a Low-Voltage BMS and a Cell Interface expansion module.
Figure 2. Nuvation Energy Low-Voltage BMS 24-channel, Multi-stack System Overview
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3.1. Low-Voltage BMS
The Low-Voltage BMS contains analog-to-digital measurement circuitry which reads cell voltage,
current, and temperature values. It also contains processing capability and software to support
decision making and allow it to operate as a stand-alone Nuvation Energy Low-Voltage BMS.
The Low-Voltage BMS is available in two variants:
1. The NUV300-BC-12 which can monitor up to 12 voltage channels
2. The NUV300-BC-16 which can monitor up to 16 voltage channels
Figure 3. Nuvation Energy Low-Voltage BMS Module
The external interfaces to this module are:
▪Cell voltage and temperature sense connector
▪Current shunt connector
▪4 contactor coil driver outputs
▪4 optically isolated digital inputs
▪4 optically isolated digital outputs
▪10/100 Base-T Ethernet port (Modbus-TCP)
▪Isolated CAN 2.0 port
▪Isolated RS-485 (Modbus-RTU) port
▪Expansion interface connector for additional Cell Interface modules
▪Fault and communication indicator LEDs
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3.2. Cell Interface
The Nuvation Energy Cell Interface is the direct link between the individual battery stack cells and the
rest of the battery management system. It facilitates battery monitoring and balancing
functionalities.
In a Low-Voltage BMS, a larger battery stack can be accommodated with the addition of one or more
Cell Interface modules, provided the total stack voltage does not exceed maximum rating of the
default configuration. When coupled with a Low-Voltage BMS, the Cell Interface model must match
the Low-Voltage BMS model—i.e. A Low-Voltage BMS - 12 channel can only be coupled with a Cell
Interface - 12 channel, and a Low-Voltage BMS - 16 channel can only be coupled with a Cell Interface
- 16 channel. The firmware does not support a mixed chain of different Cell Interface variants.
The following are variants of the Nuvation Energy Cell Interface:
▪The NUV100-CI-12-1, Cell Interface - 12 channel can monitor up to 12 series-connected cells
▪The NUV100-CI-16-1, Cell Interface - 16 channel can monitor up to 16 series-connected cells
Figure 4. Nuvation Energy Cell Interface Module
The external interfaces to this module are:
▪Battery cells connector
▪Temperature sensors connector
▪2 Link Bus connectors
▪2 Indicator LEDs
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3.3. Features
Key software features
▪Manage balancing and provide stack management.
▪Calculates State of Charge and Depth of Discharge at both the cell and stack levels.
▪Communicates with external systems via Modbus TCP (Ethernet), Modbus RTU (RS-485), or
CAN bus.
▪Provides access to the Nuvation Energy BMS Operator Interface.
▪Supports firmware upgrades via Ethernet.
CAN and RS-485
An isolated CAN 2.0 port, as well as an isolated RS-485 (Modbus) port, are available on the Low-
Voltage BMS. These interfaces can be used to control an external battery charger/inverter and
communicating with the external system (vehicle central controller, grid-attached controller, etc.)
Control GPIO
The Low-Voltage BMS provides 4 isolated outputs and 4 general-purpose inputs to connect
external systems or external equipment. The functionality of the GPIO interface is configurable by
the end-user to match their needs. This connector also has 4 other inputs which perform specific
functions, such as Factory Reset, Clear Faults, Shutdown, and BMS Enable.
Link Bus
The Link Bus chain enables power and communication between the Low-Voltage BMS and the
series-connected chain Cell Interface modules.
Contactors
The Low-Voltage BMS module’s Contactors connector enabled connecting to up to 4 external high-
current contactor coils. The connector provides 24 VDC power for energizing contactor coils, and
optionally accepts external coil power input for voltage flexibility.
Current Shunt
This interface is used to connect the Low-Voltage BMS to a current shunt for stack charge and
discharge current measurement as well as overall stack voltage measurement.
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4. Installation Instructions
4.1. Low-Voltage BMS Mechanical Installation
4.1.1. Dimensions and Weight
The overall dimensions of the Low-Voltage BMS are 220 mm × 125 mm × 30 mm.
The Low-Voltage BMS weighs approximately 400 g.
Figure 5. Mechanical Drawing of Low-Voltage BMS
4.1.2. Installation Location and Position
The Low-Voltage BMS is rated to operate in the temperature range of -10 °C to 60 °C. It is designed
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for indoor use.
The Low-Voltage BMS should be securely mounted in a vertical orientation, with the label facing out.
The Battery Cells and Temperature Sensor connector should be facing up or to the left. If this is to be
used with a battery chemistry such as lead-acid—which does not require balancing—the Low-Voltage
BMS may be mounted horizontally, with the ventilation slots oriented upwards.
It is not advisable to mount the Low-Voltage BMS on the underside of a horizontal surface.
4.1.2.1. Mounting Clearances
Extra space should be provided around the module to allow for sufficient heat dissipation as well as
easy installation and maintenance. The Low-Voltage BMS - 12 channel and Low-Voltage BMS - 16
channel variants produce up to 24 W and 32 W, respectively, during cell balancing.
4.1.3. Mounting Instructions
The Low-Voltage BMS has 2 flanges with 2 clearance holes for #10-32 fasteners and 1 slot on each
flange for mounting purposes. Ensure appropriate fasteners (not included) for are used to mount the
Low-Voltage BMS. These fasteners will vary depending on the material and construction of the
mounting surface.
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4.2. Low-Voltage BMS Electrical Connections
4.2.1. Getting Started
To complete the installation of the Low-Voltage BMS, the following is required:
1. 1x Cable, Voltage, Thermistor, 300VDC
2. 1x Cable, Current Shunt, +V Power, 300VDC
3. 1x Cable, Contactors, -V Power, 300VDC
4. 1x Cable, GPIO, Control, 300VDC
5. 1x Cable, CAT.5e, UTP, Ethernet, 60VDC
These cables are available for purchase as a kit from https://nstore.nuvationenergy.com.
Additionally, you will need the following items that are appropriately sized for your application:
1. 1x Current Shunt
2. 2x Contactors
3. 1x Pre-charge Contactor [Optional]
These items are available for purchase at https://nstore.nuvationenergy.com
Figure 6. Example Low-Voltage BMS kit (NUV300-BC-16-KIT)
The instructions below are for applications using cable harnesses purchased from Nuvation Energy. To
build custom cables, refer to Section 9.1 for connector pin-out and specifications.
Connection sequence
▪Step 1: Review Safety Considerations
▪Step 2: Grounding and Fusing
▪Step 3: Connect Communication Cables
▪Step 4: Connect Control / GPIO cable
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▪Step 5: Connect Voltage / Thermistor Cable
▪Step 6: Connect Contactor / -VPower Cable
▪Step 7: Connect Current Shunt / +VPower Cable
4.2.2. Review Safety Considerations
Operating power, including primary power source for operating the contactor coils, is provided to the
Low-Voltage BMS at two connectors:
1. positive at the Current Shunt / +V Power connector.
2. negative at the Contactors / -V Power connector.

The wiring of the battery cell voltage and temperature sensing should be verified
before connecting to the Low-Voltage BMS and Cell Interface. The temperature
sensing wires must be isolated from the cell voltage sensing leads. Although the
Low-Voltage BMS and Cell Interface include protective circuitry to make them more
resilient to brief wiring errors, the same circuitry can result in the battery cells being
slowly discharged. Over time, these wiring errors can cause damage to the Low-
Voltage BMS, Cell Interface, and/or the cells.
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4.2.3. Grounding and Fusing
The Low-Voltage BMS enables connection to a series-connected stack of monitored cells up to a total
voltage of 60 V DC. The lowest potential (the negative end) of the connected stack also serves as the
common return for the contactor coils as well as the reference for the Low-Voltage BMS internal
circuitry and power supply. Any connection to earth or chassis ground must be made outside of the
Low-Voltage BMS.
The contactor coils return to the same potential as the most negative end of the
attached stack regardless of whether this point is connected to ground.
An earth or chassis ground connection may be made to any single point in the connected cell stack as
required by the application. The cell stack may also be left isolated from earth or chassis. Fusing of
the cell stack where it connects to provide operating power to the Low-Voltage BMS is required
externally.
Figure 7. Connection example for powering the Low-Voltage BMS from cells
If the load side of the current shunt is grounded
▪A fuse is required at the negative power connection point only, in line with the connection to
pin 6 of the Contactors / -V Power connector
▪Connect pin 6 of the Contactors / -V Power connector through a fuse to the negative end of the
stack
▪Connect pin 1 of the Current Shunt / +V Power connector directly to the load side of the
current shunt, or to ground
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Figure 8. Fusing with stack positive grounding
If the most negative end of the stack is grounded
▪A fuse is required at the positive power connection point only, in line with the connection to pin
1 of the Current Shunt / +V Power connector
▪Connect pin 1 of the Current Shunt / +V Power connector through a fuse to the load side of the
current shunt
▪Connect pin 6 of the Contactors / -V Power connector directly to the negative end of the stack,
or to ground
Figure 9. Fusing with stack negative grounding
Nuvation Energy Low-Voltage BMS - Product Manual
Document ID: NE-PM-002 14 Rev 1.2, 2021-03-03
Curie Update 1