NXP Semiconductors TDA8948J Operational manual

1. General description
The TDA8948J contains four identical audio power amplifiers. The TDA8948J can be used
as four Single-Ended (SE) channels with a fixed gain of 26 dB, two times Bridge-Tied
Load (BTL) channels with a fixed gain of 32 dB or two times SE channels (26 dB gain)
plus one BTL channel (32 dB gain) operating as a 2.1 system.
The TDA8948J comes in a 17-pin Dil-Bent-Sil (DBS) power package. The TDA8948J is
pin compatible with the TDA8944AJ, TDA8946AJ and TDA8947J.
The TDA8948J contains a unique protection circuit that is solely based on multiple
temperature measurements inside the chip. This gives maximum output power for all
supply voltages and load conditions with no unnecessary audio holes. Almost any supply
voltage and load impedance combination can be made as long as thermal boundary
conditions (number of channels used, external heat sink and ambient temperature) allow
it.
2. Features
2.1 Functional features
nSE: 1 W to 18 W, BTL: 4 W to 36 W operation possibility (2.1 system)
Soft clipping.
nStandby and mute mode.
nNo on/off switching plops.
nLow standby current.
nHigh supply voltage ripple rejection.
nOutputs short-circuit protected to ground, supply and across the load.
nThermally protected.
nPin compatible with TDA8944AJ, TDA8946AJ and TDA8947J.
3. Applications
nTelevision
nPC speakers
nBoom box
nMini and micro audio receivers
TDA8948J
4-channel audio amplifier
Rev. 01 — 27 February 2008 Product data sheet

TDA8948J_1 © NXP B.V. 2008. All rights reserved.
Product data sheet Rev. 01 — 27 February 2008 2 of 26
NXP Semiconductors TDA8948J
4-channel audio amplifier
4. Quick reference data
[1] A minimum load is required at supply voltages of VCC > 22 V; RL= 3 Ωfor SE and RL= 6 Ωfor BTL.
[2] The amplifier can deliver output power with non-clipping output signals into nominal loads as long as the
ratings of the IC are not exceeded.
[3] With a load connected at the outputs the quiescent current will increase.
Table 1. Quick reference data
SE: V
CC
=17V;T
amb
=25 ° C; R
L
=4 Ω ;f
i
= 1 kHz; V
MODE1
=V
CC
;V
MODE2
=V
CC
; measured in test
circuit Figure 11; unless otherwise specified.
BTL: V
CC
=17V;T
amb
=25 ° C; R
L
=8 Ω ; f = 1 kHz; V
MODE1
=V
CC
;V
MODE2
=V
CC
; measured in test
circuit Figure 11; unless otherwise specified.
Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
VCC supply voltage operating [1] 91726V
no (clipping signal) [2] - - 28 V
Iqquiescent current VCC =17V;R
L=∞[3] - 100 145 mA
Istb standby current - - - 10 µA
Po(SE) SE output power VCC = 17 V;
see Figure 7:
THD = 10 %;
RL=4Ω6.5 8 - W
THD = 0.5 %;
RL=4Ω-6-W
VCC = 20 V:
THD = 10 %;
RL=4Ω-12-W
Po(BTL) BTL output power VCC = 17 V;
see Figure 7:
THD = 10 %;
RL=8Ω14 16 - W
THD = 0.5 %;
RL=8Ω-12-W
VCC = 20 V:
THD = 10 %;
RL=8Ω-24-W
THD total harmonic
distortion SE; Po= 1 W - 0.1 0.5 %
BTL; Po= 1 W - 0.05 0.5 %
Gvvoltage gain SE 25 26 27 dB
BTL 31 32 33 dB
SVRR supplyvoltageripple
rejection SE:
fripple = 1 kHz [4] -60-dB
fripple =
100 Hz to 20 kHz [4] -60-dB
BTL:
fripple = 1 kHz [4] -65-dB
fripple =
100 Hz to 20 kHz [4] -65-dB

TDA8948J_1 © NXP B.V. 2008. All rights reserved.
Product data sheet Rev. 01 — 27 February 2008 3 of 26
NXP Semiconductors TDA8948J
4-channel audio amplifier
[4] Supply voltage ripple rejection is measured at the output with a source impedance RSOURCE =0Ωat the
input and with a frequency range from 20 Hz to 22 kHz (unweighted). The ripple voltage is a sine wave with
a frequency fripple and an amplitude of 300 mV (RMS), which is applied to the positive supply rail.
5. Ordering information
6. Block diagram
Table 2. Ordering information
Type number Package
Name Description Version
TDA8948J DBS17P DBS17P: plastic DIL-bent-SIL power package; 17 leads
(lead length 12 mm) SOT243-1
Fig 1. Block diagram
60 kΩ
60 kΩ
VCC1
3
VCC2
16
8
IN1+
IN2+
OUT1+
OUT2−
6
1
4
60 kΩ
60 kΩ
9
IN3+
IN4+
OUT3−
OUT4+
12
14
17
TDA8948J
MUTE 3 + 4
ON 3 + 4
010aaa049
STANDBY ALL
MUTE ALL
ON 1 + 2
0.5VCC
VCC
CIV 13
MODE1
SGND
10
7
SVR 11
MODE2 5
215
GND1 GND2
SHORT-CIRCUIT
AND
TEMPERATURE
PROTECTION
VREF
+
+
+
+
+
−
−
+

TDA8948J_1 © NXP B.V. 2008. All rights reserved.
Product data sheet Rev. 01 — 27 February 2008 4 of 26
NXP Semiconductors TDA8948J
4-channel audio amplifier
7. Pinning information
7.1 Pinning
7.2 Pin description
Fig 2. Pin configuration diagram
TDA8948J
010aaa046
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
OUT1+
GND1
VCC1
OUT2−
MODE2
IN2+
SGND
IN1+
IN3+
MODE1
SVR
IN4+
CIV
OUT4+
GND2
VCC2
OUT3−
Table 3. Pin description
Symbol Pin Description
OUT1+ 1 non inverted loudspeaker output of channel 1
GND1 2 ground of channels 1 and 2
VCC1 3 supply voltage channels 1 and 2
OUT2−4 inverted loudspeaker output of channel 2
MODE2 5 mode selection 2 input: Mute and On mode for channels 3 and 4
IN2+ 6 input channel 2
SGND 7 signal ground
IN1+ 8 input channel 1
IN3+ 9 input channel 3
MODE1 10 mode selection 1 input: Standby, Mute and On mode for all
channels
SVR 11 half supply voltage decoupling (ripple rejection)
IN4+ 12 input channel 4
CIV 13 common input voltage decoupling
OUT3−14 inverted loudspeaker output of channel 3

TDA8948J_1 © NXP B.V. 2008. All rights reserved.
Product data sheet Rev. 01 — 27 February 2008 5 of 26
NXP Semiconductors TDA8948J
4-channel audio amplifier
8. Functional description
8.1 Input configuration
The input cut-off frequency is:
(1)
For SE application Ri= 60 kΩand Ci= 220 nF:
(2)
For BTL application Ri= 30 kΩand Ci= 470 nF:
(3)
As shown in Equation 2 and Equation 3, large capacitor values for the inputs are not
necessary, so the switch-on delay during charging of the input capacitors can be
minimized. This results in a good low frequency response and good switch-on behavior.
8.2 Power amplifier
The power amplifier is a BTL and/or SE amplifier with an all-NPN output stage, capable of
delivering a peak output current of 4 A.
Using the TDA8948J as a BTL amplifier offers the following advantages:
•Low peak value of the supply current
•Ripple frequency on the supply voltage is twice the signal frequency
•No expensive DC-blocking capacitor
•Good low frequency performance
GND2 15 ground of channels 3 and 4
VCC2 16 supply voltage channels 3 and 4
OUT4+ 17 non inverted loudspeaker output of channel 4
Table 3. Pin description …continued
Symbol Pin Description
fi cut off–() 1
2πRiCi ×()
-----------------------------
=
fi cut off–() 1
2π60 103220 10 9– ×××()
-----------------------------------------------------------------12 Hz==
fi cut off–() 1
2π30 103470 10 9– ×××()
-----------------------------------------------------------------11 Hz==

TDA8948J_1 © NXP B.V. 2008. All rights reserved.
Product data sheet Rev. 01 — 27 February 2008 6 of 26
NXP Semiconductors TDA8948J
4-channel audio amplifier
8.2.1 Output power measurement
The output power as a function of the supply voltage is measured on the output pins at
THD = 10 %; see Figure 7.
The maximum output power is limited by the supply voltage (VCC = 26 V) and the
maximum output current (IO= 4 A repetitive peak current).
For supply voltages VCC > 22 V, a minimum load is required; see Figure 5:
•SE: RL=3Ω
•BTL: RL=6Ω
8.2.2 Headroom
Typical CD music requires at least 12 dB (factor 15.85) dynamic headroom, compared to
the average power output, for transferring the loudest parts without distortion.
The Average Listening Level (ALL) music power, without any distortion, yields:
•SE at Po(SE) =5W,V
CC =17V,R L=4Ωand THD = 0.2 %:
(4)
•BTL at Po(BTL) =10W,V
CC =17V,R L=8Ωand THD = 0.1 %:
(5)
The power dissipation can be derived from Figure 8 (SE and BTL) for a headroom of 0 dB
and 12 dB, respectively.
For heat sink calculation at the average listening level, a power dissipation of 9 W can be
used.
8.3 Mode selection
The TDA8948J has three functional modes which can be selected by applying the proper
DC voltage to pin MODE1.
Standby - The current consumption is very low and the outputs are floating. The device is
in standby mode when VMODE1 < 0.8 V, or when the MODE1 pin is grounded. In standby
mode, the function of pin MODE2 has been disabled.
Mute - The amplifier is DC-biased, but not operational (no audio output). This allows the
input coupling capacitors to be charged to avoid pop-noise. The device is in mute mode
when 4.5V<V
MODE1 <(V CC - 3.5 V).
Table 4. Power rating as function of headroom
Headroom Power output Power dissipation
(all channels driven)
SE BTL
0dB P
o=5W P o=10W P=17W
12 dB Po(ALL) = 315 mW Po(ALL) = 630 mW P = 9 W
PoALL()SE 510
3
⋅
15.85
--------------- 315 mW==
PoALL()BTL 10 103
⋅
15.85
------------------ 630 mW==

TDA8948J_1 © NXP B.V. 2008. All rights reserved.
Product data sheet Rev. 01 — 27 February 2008 7 of 26
NXP Semiconductors TDA8948J
4-channel audio amplifier
On - The amplifier is operating normally. The on mode is activated at
VMODE1 >(V
CC −2.0 V). The output of channels 3 and 4 can be set to mute or on mode.
The output channels 3 and 4 can be switched on/off by applying a proper DC voltage to
pin MODE2, under the condition that the output channels 1 and 2 are in the on mode (see
Figure 3).
8.4 Supply voltage ripple rejection
The Supply Voltage Ripple Rejection (SVRR) is measured with an electrolytic capacitor of
150 µF on pin SVR using a bandwidth of 20 Hz to 22 kHz. Figure 10 illustrates the SVRR
as function of the frequency. A larger capacitor value on pin SVR improves the ripple
rejection behavior at the lower frequencies.
Table 5. Mode selection
Voltage on pin Channel 1 and 2 Channel 3 and 4
(sub woofer)
MODE1 MODE2
0 V to 0.8 V 0 V to VCC Standby mode Standby mode
4.5 V to (VCC −3.5 V) 0 V to VCC Mute mode Mute mode
(VCC −2.0 V) to VCC 0 V to (VCC −3.5 V) On mode Mute mode
(VCC −2 V) to VCC On mode On mode
Fig 3. Mode selection
mdb016
channels 3 + 4: mute
channels 1 + 2: on
channels 3 + 4: on or mute
channels 3 + 4: on
VCC−3.5 VCC
VMODE2
VCC−2.0
all standby all mute
0.8 4.5 VCC−3.5 VCC
VMODE1
VCC−2.0

TDA8948J_1 © NXP B.V. 2008. All rights reserved.
Product data sheet Rev. 01 — 27 February 2008 8 of 26
NXP Semiconductors TDA8948J
4-channel audio amplifier
8.5 Built-in protection circuits
The TDA8948J contains two types of detection sensors: one measures local temperatures
of the power stages and one measures the global chip temperature. At a local
temperature of approximately 185 °C or a global temperature of approximately 150 °C,
this detection circuit switches off the power stages for 2 ms. High-impedance of the
outputs is the result. After this time period the power stages switch on automatically and
the detection will take place again; still a too high temperature switches off the power
stages immediately. This protects the TDA8948J against shorts to ground, to the supply
voltage and across the load, and against too high chip temperatures.
The protection will only be activated when necessary, so even during a short-circuit
condition, a certain amount of (pulsed) current will still be flowing through the short, just as
much as the power stage can handle without exceeding the critical temperature level.
9. Limiting values
[1] The amplifier can deliver output power with non-clipping output signals into nominal loads as long as the
ratings of the IC are not exceeded.
10. Thermal characteristics
Table 6. Limiting values
In accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 60134).
Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Max Unit
VCC supply voltage operating −0.3 +26 V
no (clipping) signal [1] −0.3 +28 V
VIinput voltage - −0.3 VCC + 0.3 V
IORM repetitive peak output
current --4A
Tstg storage temperature non-operating −55 +150 °C
Tamb ambient temperature - −40 +85 °C
Ptot total power dissipation - - 69 W
VCC(sc) supply voltage (short circuit) - - 24 V
Table 7. Thermal characteristics
Symbol Parameter Conditions Typ Unit
Rth(j-a) thermal resistance from junction
to ambient in free air 40 K/W
Rth(j-c) thermal resistance from junction
to case all channels driven 2 K/W

TDA8948J_1 © NXP B.V. 2008. All rights reserved.
Product data sheet Rev. 01 — 27 February 2008 9 of 26
NXP Semiconductors TDA8948J
4-channel audio amplifier
11. Static characteristics
[1] A minimum load is required at supply voltages of VCC >22V:R
L=3Ωfor SE and RL=6Ωfor BTL.
[2] The amplifier can deliver output power with non-clipping output signals into nominal loads as long as the ratings of the IC are not
exceeded.
[3] With a load connected at the outputs the quiescent current will increase.
[4] The DC output voltage, with respect to ground, is approximately 0.5 VCC.
[5] ∆VO(offset) =|VOUT+ −VOUT−|
[6] Channels 3 and 4 can only be set to mute or on mode by MODE2 when VMODE1 >V
CC −2.0 V.
12. Dynamic characteristics
Table 8. Static characteristics
V
CC
=17V;T
amb
=25 ° C; R
L
=8 Ω ; V
MODE1
=V
CC
; V
MODE2
=V
CC
; V
I
= 0 V; measured in test circuit Figure 11; unless
otherwise specified.
Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
Supply
VCC supply voltage operating [1] 91726V
no (clipping) signal [2] - - 28 V
Iqquiescent current VCC = 17 V; RL= ∞[3] - 100 145 mA
Istb standby current - - - 10 µA
Output pins
VOoutput voltage - [4] -9-V
∆VO(offset) differential output voltage offset BTL mode [5] - - 170 mV
Mode selection pins
VMODE1 voltage on pin MODE1 on mode VCC −2.0 - VCC V
mute mode 4.5 - VCC −3.5 V
standby mode 0 - 0.8 V
VMODE2 voltage on pin MODE2 on mode: channels 3 and 4 [6] VCC −2.0 - VCC V
mute mode: channels 3 and 4 0 - VCC −3.5 V
IMODE1 current on pin MODE1 0 V < VMODE1 < (VCC −3.5 V) - - 20 µA
IMODE2 current on pin MODE2 0 V < VMODE2 < (VCC −3.5 V) - - 20 µA
Table 9. Dynamic characteristics SE
V
CC
=17V;T
amb
=25 ° C; R
L
=4 Ω ; f
i
= 1 kHz; V
MODE1
=V
CC
; V
MODE2
=V
CC
; measured in test circuit Figure 11; unless
otherwise specified.
Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
Po(SE) SE output power VCC = 17 V; see Figure 7
THD = 10 %; RL=4Ω6.5 8 - W
THD = 0.5 %; RL=4Ω-6-W
VCC =20V
THD = 10 %; RL=4Ω-12-W
THD total harmonic distortion Po= 1 W - 0.1 0.5 %
Gvvoltage gain - 25 26 27 dB
Ziinput impedance - 40 60 - kΩ

TDA8948J_1 © NXP B.V. 2008. All rights reserved.
Product data sheet Rev. 01 — 27 February 2008 10 of 26
NXP Semiconductors TDA8948J
4-channel audio amplifier
[1] The noise output voltage is measured at the output in a frequency range from 20 Hz to 22 kHz (unweighted), with a source impedance
RSOURCE =0Ωat the input.
[2] Supply voltage ripple rejection is measured at the output, with a source impedance RSOURCE =0Ωat the input and with a frequency
range from 20 Hz to 22 kHz (unweighted). The ripple voltage is a sine wave with a frequency fripple and an amplitude of 300 mV (RMS),
which is applied to the positive supply rail.
[3] Output voltage in mute mode is measured with VMODE1 =V
MODE2 = 7 V, and Vi= 1 V (RMS) in a bandwidth from 20 Hz to 22 kHz,
including noise.
[1] The noise output voltage is measured at the output in a frequency range from 20 Hz to 22 kHz (unweighted), with a source impedance
RSOURCE =0Ωat the input.
[2] Supply voltage ripple rejection is measured at the output, with a source impedance RSOURCE =0Ωat the input and with a frequency
range from 20 Hz to 22 kHz (unweighted). The ripple voltage is a sine wave with a frequency fripple and an amplitude of 300 mV (RMS),
which is applied to the positive supply rail.
[3] Output voltage in mute mode is measured with VMODE1 =V
MODE2 = 7 V, and Vi= 1 V (RMS) in a bandwidth from 20 Hz to 22 kHz,
including noise.
Vn(o) output noise voltage - [1] - 150 - µV
SVRR supply voltage ripple rejection fripple = 1 kHz [2] -60-dB
fripple = 100 Hz to 20 kHz [2] -60-dB
Vo(mute) mute output voltage - [3] - - 150 µV
αcs channel separation RSOURCE =0Ω50 60 - dB
|∆Gv|voltage gain difference - - - 1 dB
Table 9. Dynamic characteristics SE
…continued
V
CC
=17V;T
amb
=25 ° C; R
L
=4 Ω ; f
i
= 1 kHz; V
MODE1
=V
CC
; V
MODE2
=V
CC
; measured in test circuit Figure 11; unless
otherwise specified.
Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
Table 10. Dynamic characteristics BTL
V
CC
=17V;T
amb
=25 ° C; R
L
=8 Ω ; f = 1 kHz; V
MODE1
=V
CC
; V
MODE2
=V
CC
; measured in test circuit Figure 11; unless
otherwise specified.
Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
Po(BTL) BTL output power VCC = 17 V; see Figure 7
THD = 10 %; RL=8Ω14 16 - W
THD = 0.5 %; RL=8Ω-12-W
VCC =20V
THD = 10 %; RL=8Ω-24-W
THD total harmonic distortion Po= 1 W - 0.05 0.5 %
Gvvoltage gain - 31 32 33 dB
Ziinput impedance - 20 30 - kΩ
Vn(o) noise output voltage - [1] - 200 - µV
SVRR supply voltage ripple rejection fripple = 1 kHz [2] -65-dB
fripple = 100 Hz to 20 kHz [2] -65-dB
Vo(mute) mute output voltage - [3] - - 250 µV
αcs channel separation RSOURCE =0Ω50 65 - dB
|∆Gv|voltage gain difference - - - 1 dB

TDA8948J_1 © NXP B.V. 2008. All rights reserved.
Product data sheet Rev. 01 — 27 February 2008 11 of 26
NXP Semiconductors TDA8948J
4-channel audio amplifier
a. BTL; VCC =17V;V
i=50mV.
Fig 4. AC output voltage as a function of voltage on pin MODE1
20
VMODE1 (V)
04812
Vo
(µV)
16
107
106
105
104
103
102
10
1
coc005
fi=1 kHz
(1) 1 ΩSE at THD = 10 %
(2) 2 ΩSE at THD = 10 %
(3) 3 ΩSE at THD = 10 %
(4) 4 ΩSE at THD = 10 %
(5) 8 ΩSE at THD = 10 %
fi= 1 kHz
(1) 16 ΩBTL at THD = 10 %
(2) 8 ΩBTL at THD = 10 %
(3) 6 ΩBTL at THD = 10 %
(4) 4 ΩBTL at THD = 10 %
(5) 2 ΩBTL at THD = 10 %
a. SE: THD = 10 %; one channel b. BTL: THD = 10 %; one channel
Fig 5. Maximum output power as a function of supply voltage at various loads
VP(V)
8282416 2012
010aaa111
10
20
30
Po(max)
(W)
0
(5)
(2) (3) (4)
(1)
VP(V)
8282416 2012
010aaa112
20
40
60
Po(max)
(W)
0
(4)
(5)
(3) (2)
(1)

TDA8948J_1 © NXP B.V. 2008. All rights reserved.
Product data sheet Rev. 01 — 27 February 2008 12 of 26
NXP Semiconductors TDA8948J
4-channel audio amplifier
VCC =17V;f
i= 1 kHz; RL=4Ω.V CC = 17 V; fi= 1 kHz; RL=8Ω.
a. SE b. BTL
Fig 6. Total harmonic distortion-plus-noise as a function of output power
102
10
1
10−1
10−2
mce488
10−1102 110
Po(W)
THD + N
(%)
102
10
1
10−1
10−2
mce487
10−11
THD + N
(%)
10 Po(W) 102
VCC =17V;P
o= 1 W; RL=4Ω.V CC = 17 V; Po= 1 W; RL=8Ω.
a. SE b. BTL
Fig 7. Total harmonic distortion-plus-noise as a function of frequency
10
1
10−1
10−2
mce489
10
THD + N
(%)
f (Hz)
102103104105
10
1
10−1
10−2
mce490
10
THD + N
(%)
f (Hz)
102103104105

TDA8948J_1 © NXP B.V. 2008. All rights reserved.
Product data sheet Rev. 01 — 27 February 2008 13 of 26
NXP Semiconductors TDA8948J
4-channel audio amplifier
VCC =17V;R
L=4Ω.V CC = 17 V; RL=8Ω.
a. SE b. BTL
Fig 8. Total power dissipation as a function of channel output power per channel
(worst case, all channels driven)
010aaa430
020
Po(W)
20
0
4
8
12
16
4
Ptot
(W)
81216 Po(W)
020168124
010aaa432
8
12
4
16
20
Ptot
(W)
0
VCC =17V;R
L=4Ω.V CC = 17 V; RL=8Ω.
a. SE b. BTL
Fig 9. Channel separation as a function of frequency (no band-pass filter applied)
−100
0
−80
−60
−40
−20
mce495
10
αcs
(dB)
f (Hz)
102103104105−100
0
−80
−60
−40
−20
mce496
10
αcs
(dB)
f (Hz)
102103104105

TDA8948J_1 © NXP B.V. 2008. All rights reserved.
Product data sheet Rev. 01 — 27 February 2008 14 of 26
NXP Semiconductors TDA8948J
4-channel audio amplifier
VCC =17V;R
SOURCE =0Ω; Vripple = 300 mV (RMS).
A band-pass filter of 20 Hz to 22 kHz has been applied.
Inputs short-circuited.
VCC = 17 V; RSOURCE =0Ω; Vripple = 300 mV (RMS).
A band-pass filter of 20 Hz to 22 kHz has been applied.
Inputs short-circuited.
a. SE b. BTL
Fig 10. Supply voltage ripple rejection as a function of frequency
−80
−60
−40
−20
0
mce497
10
SVRR
(dB)
f (Hz)
102103104105−80
−60
−40
−20
0
mce498
10
SVRR
(dB)
f (Hz)
102103104105

TDA8948J_1 © NXP B.V. 2008. All rights reserved.
Product data sheet Rev. 01 — 27 February 2008 15 of 26
NXP Semiconductors TDA8948J
4-channel audio amplifier
13. Application information
13.1 Application diagrams
Fig 11. Typical application diagram without on/off switching plops
VCC1 VCC2
16
220 nF IN1+
IN2+
OUT1+
OUT2−
220 nF
RL4 Ω
RL4 Ω
470 µF
1
4
VCC
1000 µF
100 nF
470 nF
IN3+
IN4+
OUT3−
OUT4+
Vi
Vi
Vi
VCC
VCC
RL8Ω
−
+
−
+
−
+
22 µF
2.2 µF
10 kΩ50 kΩ
270 Ω
BC547
BC547
7.5 V
micro-
controller
215
GND1 GND2
60 kΩ
60 kΩ
3
8
6
60 kΩ
60 kΩ
9
12
14
17
TDA8948J
MUTE 3 + 4
ON 3 + 4
010aaa050
STANDBY ALL
MUTE ALL
ON 1 + 2
0.5VCC
VCC
CIV 13
MODE1
SGND
10
7
SVR 11
MODE2 5
SHORT-CIRCUIT
AND
TEMPERATURE
PROTECTION
VREF
47 µF
1.5 kΩ
100 kΩ
+
+
+
+
+
−
−
+
Table 11. Amplifier selection by microcontroller
Microcontroller with open-collector output; see Figure 11.
Microcontroller Channels 1 and 2 Channels 3 and 4
LOW On mode On mode
HIGH Mute mode Mute mode

TDA8948J_1 © NXP B.V. 2008. All rights reserved.
Product data sheet Rev. 01 — 27 February 2008 16 of 26
NXP Semiconductors TDA8948J
4-channel audio amplifier
Remark: Because of switching inductive loads, the output voltage can rise beyond the
maximum supply voltage of 28 V. At high supply voltages, it is recommended to use
(Schottky) diodes to the supply voltage and ground.
Fig 12. Application diagram with one pin control and reduction of capacitor
VCC1 VCC2
16
220 nF IN1+
IN2+
OUT1+
OUT2−
220 nF
RL4 Ω
RL4 Ω
470 µF
1
4
VCC
1000 µF
100 nF
470 nF
IN3+
IN4+
OUT3−
OUT4+
Vi
Vi
Vi
VCC
RL8Ω
−
+
−
+
−
+
22 µF
215
GND1 GND2
60 kΩ
60 kΩ
3
8
6
60 kΩ
60 kΩ
9
12
14
17
TDA8948J
MUTE 3 + 4
ON 3 + 4
STANDBY ALL
MUTE ALL
ON 1 + 2
0.5VCC
VCC
CIV 13
MODE1
SGND
10
7
SVR 11
MODE2 5
SHORT-CIRCUIT
AND
TEMPERATURE
PROTECTION
VREF
150 µF
+
+
+
+
+
−
−
+
MICRO-
CONTROLLER
010aaa051

TDA8948J_1 © NXP B.V. 2008. All rights reserved.
Product data sheet Rev. 01 — 27 February 2008 17 of 26
NXP Semiconductors TDA8948J
4-channel audio amplifier
13.2 Printed-circuit board
13.2.1 Layout and grounding
To obtain a high-level system performance, certain grounding techniques are essential.
The input reference grounds have to be tied with their respective source grounds and
must have separate tracks from the power ground tracks; this will prevent the large
(output) signal currents from interfering with the small AC input signals. The small signal
ground tracks should be physically located as far as possible from the power ground
tracks. Supply and output tracks should be as wide as possible for delivering maximum
output power.
13.2.2 Power supply decoupling
Proper supply bypassing is critical for low-noise performance and high supply voltage
ripple rejection. The respective capacitor location should be as close as possible to the
device and grounded to the power ground. Proper power supply decoupling also prevents
oscillations.
For suppressing higher frequency transients (spikes) on the supply line a capacitor with
low Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR), typical 100 nF, has to be placed as close as
possible to the device. For suppressing lower frequency noise and ripple signals, a large
electrolytic capacitor, e.g. 1000 µF or greater, must be placed close to the device.
The bypass capacitor on pin SVR reduces the noise and ripple on the mid rail voltage. For
good Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and noise performance a low ESR capacitor is
recommended.
Fig 13. Printed-circuit board layout (single-sided); components view
mce483
AUDIO POWER CS NIJMEGEN
4.7 nF
220 nF
220 nF
220 nF
220 nF
220 nF
100 nF
27 Jan.2003 / FP
220 nF
4 Ω
4 Ω
4 Ω
4 Ω4 Ω
4 Ω
10 kΩ
10 kΩ
1000 µF 1000 µF
1000 µF
1000 µF
150
µF
22
µF
220
µF
+VpIN2+IN1+IN3+IN4+
BTL4/3 +SE3−
BTL3/4
MODE2
BTL1/2
VOL.Sgnd MUTE
MODE1
SB ON
OFF
CIV
TVA
SVF
1
1
ON
−SE4+
+SE2− +SE1−

TDA8948J_1 © NXP B.V. 2008. All rights reserved.
Product data sheet Rev. 01 — 27 February 2008 18 of 26
NXP Semiconductors TDA8948J
4-channel audio amplifier
13.3 Thermal behavior and heat sink calculation
The measured maximum thermal resistance of the IC package, Rth(j-mb), is 1.3 K/W.
A calculation for the heat sink can be made, with the following parameters:
Tamb(max) =60°C (example)
VCC = 17 V and RL=4Ω(SE)
Tj(max) = 150 °C (specification)
Rth(tot) is the total thermal resistance between the junction and the ambient including the
heat sink. This can be calculated using the maximum temperature increase divided by the
power dissipation:
Rth(tot) =(T
j(max) −Tamb(max))/P
At VCC = 17 V and RL=4Ω(4 ×SE) the measured worst-case sine-wave dissipation is
17 W; see Figure 8. For Tj(max) = 150 °C the temperature raise, caused by the power
dissipation, is: 150 °C−60 °C=90°C:
P×Rth(tot) =90°C
Rth(tot) = 90/17 K/W = 5.29 K/W
Rth(h-a) =R
th(tot) −Rth(j-mb) = 5.29 K/W −2 K/W = 3.29 K/W
This calculation is for an application at worst-case (stereo) sine-wave output signals. In
practice music signals will be applied, which decreases the maximum power dissipation to
approximately half of the sine-wave power dissipation of 9 W (see Section 8.2.2). This
allows for the use of a smaller heat sink:
P×Rth(tot) =90°C
Rth(tot) = 90/9 K/W = 10 K/W
Rth(h-a) =R
th(tot) −Rth(j-mb) = 10 K/W - 2 K/W = 8 K/W

TDA8948J_1 © NXP B.V. 2008. All rights reserved.
Product data sheet Rev. 01 — 27 February 2008 19 of 26
NXP Semiconductors TDA8948J
4-channel audio amplifier
14. Test information
14.1 Quality information
The General Quality Specification for Integrated Circuits, SNW-FQ-611 is applicable.
Tamb =25°C; external heat sink of 4.3 K/W.
(1) RL=1Ω.
(2) RL=2Ω.
(3) RL=3Ω.
(4) RL=4Ω.
(5) RL=8Ω.
Tamb =25°C; external heat sink of 4.3 K/W.
(1) RL=2Ω.
(2) RL=4Ω.
(3) RL=6Ω.
(4) RL=8Ω.
(5) RL=16Ω.
a. 4 times various SE loads with music signals. b. 2 times various BTL loads with music signals.
Fig 14. Junction temperature as a function of supply voltage for various loads with music signals
8
150
100
50
012 16 28
VCC (V)
Tj
(˚C)
2420
mce499
(5)(4)(3)(2)(1)
8
150
100
50
012 16 28
VCC (V)
Tj
(˚C)
2420
mce500
(5)(4)(3)(2)(1)

TDA8948J_1 © NXP B.V. 2008. All rights reserved.
Product data sheet Rev. 01 — 27 February 2008 20 of 26
NXP Semiconductors TDA8948J
4-channel audio amplifier
15. Package outline
Fig 15. Package outline SOT243-1 (DBS17P)
REFERENCES
OUTLINE
VERSION EUROPEAN PROJECTION ISSUE DATE
IEC JEDEC JEITA
DIMENSIONS (mm are the original dimensions)
Note
1. Plastic or metal protrusions of 0.25 mm maximum per side are not included.
SOT243-1
0 5 10 mm
scale
D
L
E
A
c
A2
L3
Q
wM
bp
1
d
D
Ze
e
xh
117
j
Eh
non-concave
99-12-17
03-03-12
DBS17P: plastic DIL-bent-SIL power package; 17 leads (lead length 12 mm) SOT243-1
view B: mounting base side
m2
e
vM
B
UNIT A e1 A2bpcD
(1) E(1) Z(1)
deDhLL
3m
mm 17.0
15.5 4.6 4.4 0.75 0.60 0.48 0.38 24.0 23.6 20.0 19.6 10 2.54
v
0.8
12.2
11.8 1.27
e2
5.08 2.4
1.6
Eh
62.00
1.45
2.1
1.8
3.4
3.1 4.3
12.4
11.0
Qj
0.4
w
0.03
x