Osburn 1600 OB01613 User manual

READ AND KEEP THIS MANUAL FOR REFERENCE
45022A
Printed in Canada 02-12-2015
INSTALLATION AND OPERATION MANUAL
1600 (OB01613 model)
US ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AGENCY PHASE II CERTIFIED WOOD
STOVE
Safety tested according to ULC S627
and UL 1482 Standards
by an accredited laboratory
www.osburn-mfg.com
Stove Builder International Inc.
250, rue de Copenhague, St-Augustin-de-Desmoures (Quebec) Canada G3A 2H3
After-sale service: 418-908-8002 E-mail: [e-mail]
This manual is available for free download on the manufacturer’s web site. It is a copyrighted
document. Re-sale is strictly prohibited. The manufacturer may update this manual from time to
time and cannot be responsible for problems, injuries, or damages arising out of the use of
information contained in any manual obtained from unauthorized sources.

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THANK YOU FOR CHOOSING THIS OSBURN WOOD STOVE
As one of North America’s largest and most respected wood stove and fireplace manufacturers,
Stove Builder International takes pride in the quality and performance of all its products. We want
to help you get maximum satisfaction as you use this product.
In the pages that follow you will find general advice on wood heating, detailed instructions for safe
and effective installation, and guidance on how to get the best performance from this stove as you
build and maintain fires, and maintain your wood heating system.
We recommend that our wood burning hearth products be installed and serviced by professionals
who are certified in the United States by NFI (National Fireplace Institute®) or in Canada by WETT
(Wood Energy Technology Transfer) or in Quebec by APC (Association des Professionnels du
Chauffage).
Congratulations on making a wise purchase.
When this stove is not properly installed, a house fire may result. To reduce the risk of fire,
follow the installation instructions. Contact local building or fire officials about restrictions and
installation inspection requirements in your area.
Please read this entire manual before you install and use your new stove. Failure to follow
instructions may result in property damage, bodily injury, or even death. It is important that you
follow the installations guidelines exactly.
You may need to obtain a building permit for the installation of this stove and the chimney that
it is connected to. Consult your municipal building department or fire department before
installation to determine the need to obtain one. We recommend that you also inform your
home insurance company to find out if the installation will affect your policy.
REGISTER YOUR WARRANTY ONLINE
To receive full warranty coverage, you will need to show evidence of the date you
purchased your stove. Keep your sales invoice. We also recommend that you
register your warranty online at:
http://www.osburn-mfg.com/en/service-support/warranty-registration
Registering your warranty online will help us to quickly track the information we
need about your stove.

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Table of content
PART A - OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE ...............................6
1Safety Information .....................................................................6
1.1 Summary of Operation and Maintenance Cautions and Warnings ......................................6
2General Information...................................................................7
2.1 OSBURN 1600 Specifications .................................................................................................7
2.2 Zone Heating and How to Make it Work for You ................................................................10
2.3 The Benefits of Low Emissions and High Efficiency.............................................................10
2.4 The SBI Commitment to You and the Environment ............................................................11
2.4.1 What is Your New Stove Made Of?..................................................................................11
3Fuel............................................................................................11
3.1 Materials That Should Not be Burned.................................................................................11
3.2 How to Prepare or Buy Good Firewood ..............................................................................12
3.2.1 What is Good Firewood? .................................................................................................12
3.2.2 Tree Species .....................................................................................................................12
3.2.3 Log Length........................................................................................................................12
3.2.4 Piece Size..........................................................................................................................13
3.2.5 How to Dry Firewood .......................................................................................................13
3.2.6 Judging Firewood Moisture Content ...............................................................................14
3.3 Manufactured Logs..............................................................................................................15
4Operating Your Stove..............................................................15
4.1 Your First Fires .....................................................................................................................15
4.2 Lighting Fires........................................................................................................................16
4.2.1 Conventional Fire Starting ...............................................................................................16
4.2.2 The Top Down Fire ...........................................................................................................17
4.2.3 Two Parallel Logs..............................................................................................................17
4.2.4 Using Fire Starters............................................................................................................17
4.3 Maintaining Wood Fires ......................................................................................................17
4.3.1 General Advice .................................................................................................................17
4.3.2 Ash Removal.....................................................................................................................18
4.3.3 Raking Charcoal................................................................................................................18
4.3.4 Firing Each New Load Hot ................................................................................................19

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4.3.5 Turning Down the Air Supply ...........................................................................................19
4.3.6 Building Different Fires for Different Needs ....................................................................20
5Maintaining Your Wood Heating System...............................22
5.1 Stove Maintenance..............................................................................................................22
5.1.1 Plated Finish Maintenance...............................................................................................22
5.1.2 Cleaning Door Glass .........................................................................................................22
5.1.3 Door adjustment ..............................................................................................................23
5.1.4 Replacing the Door Gasket...............................................................................................24
5.1.5 Replacing the Glass Gasket and/or the Glass ..................................................................24
5.1.6 Cleaning and Painting the Stove ......................................................................................25
5.2 Chimney and Chimney Connector Maintenance.................................................................26
5.2.1 Why Chimney Cleaning is Necessary ...............................................................................26
5.2.2 How Often Should You Clean the Chimney? ...................................................................26
5.2.3 Cleaning the Chimney ......................................................................................................27
PART B - INSTALLATION.............................................................28
6Safety Information ...................................................................28
6.1 Summary of Installation Cautions and Warnings ................................................................28
6.2 Regulations Covering Stove Installation..............................................................................29
7Clearances to Combustible Material......................................29
7.1 Location of the certification label........................................................................................29
7.2 Clearances to Walls and Ceiling...........................................................................................29
7.3 Floor protector ....................................................................................................................32
7.4 Reducing Wall and Ceiling Clearances Safely ......................................................................33
7.4.1 Shield Construction Rules ................................................................................................33
7.4.2 Table of Clearance Reduction Percentages .....................................................................35
8The Venting System.................................................................36
8.1 General ................................................................................................................................36
8.2 Suitable Chimneys ...............................................................................................................36
8.2.1 Factory-built Metal Chimneys..........................................................................................36
8.2.2 Factory-built Metal Chimneys in mobile homes..............................................................37
8.2.3 Masonry Chimneys...........................................................................................................37
8.3 Minimum Chimney Height...................................................................................................38
8.4 The Relationship Between the Chimney and the House.....................................................38

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8.4.1 Why inside chimneys are preferred.................................................................................38
8.4.2 Why the chimney should penetrate the highest heated space.......................................39
8.5 Supply of Combustion Air ....................................................................................................40
8.5.1 Combustion Air Supply in Mobile Homes ........................................................................40
8.5.2 Air Supply in Conventional Houses ..................................................................................40
8.6 Installing the Chimney Connector .......................................................................................40
8.6.1 Installation of Single Wall Chimney Connector ...............................................................41
Appendix 1: Installing the Legs or Pedestal ..............................43
Appendix 2: Installing the Optional Door Overlay.....................47
Appendix 3: Installing Trims........................................................48
Appendix 4: Installing the optional Fresh Air Kit (OA10500)....49
Appendix 5: Installation and Use of Optional Air Circulation
Fan (OA10505) and Thermodiscs................................................50
Appendix 6: Installation of Secondary Air Tubes and Baffle ...53
Appendix 7: Exploded Diagram and Parts List..........................55
OSBURN LIMITED LIFETIME WARRANTY .................................58

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PART A - OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
Please see Part B for installation instructions.
1SAFETY INFORMATION
1.1 SUMMARY OF OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE CAUTIONS AND WARNINGS
•HOT WHILE IN OPERATION, KEEP CHILDREN, CLOTHING AND FURNITURE AWAY. CONTACT
MAY CAUSE SKIN BURNS. GLOVES MAY BE NEEDED FOR STOVE OPERATION.
•USING A STOVE WITH CRACKED OR BROKEN COMPONENTS, SUCH AS GLASS OR FIREBRICKS
OR BAFFLES MAY PRODUCE AN UNSAFE CONDITION AND MAY DAMAGE THE STOVE.
•OPEN THE AIR CONTROL FULLY BEFORE OPENING FIRING DOOR.
•OPERATE ONLY WITH DOOR FULLY CLOSED. IF DOOR IS LEFT PARTLY OPEN, GAS AND FLAME
MAY BE DRAWN OUT OF THE OPENING, CREATING RISKS FROM BOTH FIRE AND SMOKE.
•THIS STOVE IS NOT DESIGNED TO BE USED WITH THE DOOR OPEN. THE DOOR MAY BE OPEN
ONLY DURING LIGHTING PROCEDURES OR RELOADING. DO NOT LEAVE THE STOVE
UNATTENDED WHEN THE DOOR IS SLIGHTLY OPENED DURING IGNITION. ALWAYS CLOSE THE
DOOR AFTER IGNITION.
•NEVER USE GASOLINE, GASOLINE-TYPE LANTERN FUEL (NAPHTHA), FUEL OIL, MOTOR OIL,
KEROSENE, CHARCOAL LIGHTER FLUID, OR SIMILAR LIQUIDS OR AEROSOLS TO START OR
‘FRESHEN UP’ A FIRE IN THIS STOVE. KEEP ALL SUCH LIQUIDS OR AEROSOLS WELL AWAY
FROM THE STOVE WHILE IT IS IN USE.
•DO NOT STORE FUEL WITHIN HEATER MINIMUM INSTALLATION CLEARANCES.
•BURN ONLY SEASONED NATURAL FIREWOOD.
•DO NOT BURN:
oGARBAGE OF ANY KIND,
oCOAL OR CHARCOAL,
oTREATED, PAINTED OR COATED WOOD,
oPLYWOOD OR PARTICLE BOARD,
oFINE PAPER, COLORED PAPER OR CARDBOARD,
oSALT WATER DRIFTWOOD, OR
oRAILROAD TIES.
•DO NOT ELEVATE THE FIRE BY USING A GRATE IN THIS STOVE.
•THIS APPLIANCE SHOULD BE MAINTAINED AND OPERATED AT ALL TIMES IN ACCORDANCE
WITH THESE INSTRUCTIONS.

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2GENERAL INFORMATION
2.1 OSBURN 1600 SPECIFICATIONS
Fuel Type
Cordwood
Test Standards (safety)
ULC S627 and UL 1482
Test Standard (emissions)
EPA Method 28 (40 CFR Part 60)
Heating capacity range*
500 to 1800 sq. ft. (46 to 167 m2)
Maximum heat output** (EPA test fuel)
42 600 BTU/h (12.5 kW/h)
Maximum heat output** (natural hardwood fuel)
65 000 BTU/h (19.0 kW/h)
Optimum efficiency
80.0 %
Particulate Emissions
4.4 g/h
Test Standard (efficiency)
CSA B415.1
Approximate Burn Time
5 to 6 hours
Appliance Weight on pedestal
344 lb (128 kg)
Appliance Weight on legs
362 lb (135 kg)
Shipping Weight (without options)
357 lb (135 kg)
Firebox Volume
1.85 cu.ft. (0.052 m3)
Maximum Log Length
17" east-west***
Flue Outlet Diameter:
6" (150 mm) diameter (vertical)
Baffle Material
C-Cast
Mobile home approved‡
Yes
* Burn time and heating capacity may vary subject to location in home, chimney draft, chimney
diameter, locality, heat loss factors, climate, fuels and other variables.
** The EPA test fuel is dimensional Douglas fir pieces stapled together into cribs with air spaces
between. We also test using the same procedure except using split hardwood firewood to reflect
real-world heat output. This stove is not intended to operate at its peak heat output continuously.
*** East-west: through the door you see the sides of the logs; north-south: through the door you
see the ends of the logs.
‡Mobile home (Canada) or manufactured home (USA):

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The US department of Housing and Urban Development describes “manufactured homes” better
known as “mobile home” as followed; Buildings built on fixed wheels and those transported on
temporary wheels/axles and set on a permanent foundation.

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2.2 ZONE HEATING AND HOW TO MAKE IT WORK FOR YOU
Your new Osburn 1600 wood stove is a space heater, which means it is intended to heat the area it
is installed in, as well as spaces that connect to that area, although to a lower temperature. This is
called zone heating and it is an increasingly popular way to heat homes or spaces within homes.
Zone heating can be used to supplement another heating system by heating a particular space
within a home, such as a basement family room or an addition that lacks another heat source.
Houses of moderate size and relatively new construction can be heated with a properly sized and
located wood stove. Whole house zone heating works best when the stove is located in the part of
the house where the family spends most of its time. This is normally the main living area where
the kitchen, dining and living rooms are located. By locating the stove in this area, you will get the
maximum benefit of the heat it produces and will achieve the highest possible heating efficiency
and comfort. The space where you spend most of your time will be warmest, while bedrooms and
basement (if there is one) will stay cooler. In this way, you will burn less wood than with other
forms of heating.
Although the stove may be able to heat the main living areas of your house to an adequate
temperature, we strongly recommend that you also have a conventional oil, gas or electric heating
system to provide backup heating.
Your success with zone heating will depend on several factors, including the correct sizing and
location of the stove, the size, layout and age of your home and your climate zone. Three-season
vacation homes can usually be heated with smaller stoves than houses that are heated all winter.
2.3 THE BENEFITS OF LOW EMISSIONS AND HIGH EFFICIENCY
The low smoke emissions produced by the special features inside the Osburn 1600 firebox mean
that your household will release up to 90 percent less smoke into the outside environment than if
you used an older conventional stove. But there is more to the emission control technologies than
protecting the environment.
The smoke released from wood when it is heated contains about half of the energy content of the
fuel. By burning the wood completely, your stove releases all the heat energy from the wood
instead of wasting it as smoke up the chimney. Also, the features inside the firebox allow you to
reduce the air supply to control heat output, while maintaining clean and efficient flaming
combustion, which boosts the efficient delivery of heat to your home.
The emission control and advanced combustion features of your stove can only work properly if
your fuel is in the correct moisture content range of 15 to 20 percent. See Section A3.0 of this
manual for suggestions on preparing fuelwood and judging its moisture.

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2.4 THE SBI COMMITMENT TO YOU AND THE ENVIRONMENT
The SBI team are committed to protecting the environment, so we do everything we can to use
only materials in our products that will have no lasting negative impact on the environment.
2.4.1 WHAT IS YOUR NEW STOVE MADE OF?
The body of your stove, which is most of its weight, is carbon steel. Should it ever become
necessary many years in the future, almost the entire stove can be recycled into new products,
thus eliminating the need to mine new materials.
The paint coat on your stove is very thin. Its VOC content (Volatile Organic Components) is very
low. VOCs can be responsible for smog, so all the paint used during the manufacturing process
meets the latest air quality requirements with regards to VOC reduction or elimination.
The air tubes are stainless steel, which can also be recycled.
The C-Cast baffle is made of an aluminosilicate fibre material that is compressed with a binder to
form a rigid board. C-Cast can withstand temperatures above 2,000 °F. It is not considered
hazardous waste. Disposal at a landfill is recommended.
Firebrick is mainly composed of silicon dioxide, also known as silica, an earth derived product. It is
most commonly found in nature in the form of sand and clay. Disposal at a landfill is
recommended.
The door and glass gaskets are fibreglass which is spun from melted sand. Black gaskets have been
dipped into a solvent-free solution. Disposal at a landfill is recommended.
The door glass is a 5 mm thick ceramic material that contains no toxic chemicals. It is basically
made of raw earth materials such as sand and quartz that are combined in such a way to form a
glass at high temperatures. Ceramic glass will not re-melt in the same way as normal glass, so it
should not be recycled with your regular household products. Disposal at a landfill is
recommended.
3FUEL
3.1 MATERIALS THAT SHOULD NOT BE BURNED
•GARBAGE OF ANY KIND,
•COAL OR CHARCOAL,
•TREATED, PAINTED OR COATED WOOD,
•PLYWOOD OR PARTICLE BOARD,

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•FINE PAPER, COLORED PAPER OR CARDBOARD,
•SALT WATER DRIFTWOOD
•MANUFACTURED LOGS CONTAINING WAX OR CHEMICAL ADDITIVES
•RAILROAD TIES
•LIQUIDS SUCH AS KEROSCENE OR DIESEL FUEL TO START A FIRE
3.2 HOW TO PREPARE OR BUY GOOD FIREWOOD
3.2.1 WHAT IS GOOD FIREWOOD?
Good firewood has been cut to the correct length for the stove, split to a range of sizes and
stacked in the open until its moisture content is reduced to 15 to 20 per cent.
3.2.2 TREE SPECIES
The tree species the firewood is produced from is less important than its moisture content. The
main difference in firewood from various tree species is the density of the wood. Hardwoods are
denser than softwoods. People who live in the coldest regions of North America usually have only
spruce, birch and poplar, other low-density species to burn and yet they can heat their homes
successfully.
Homeowners with access to both hardwood and softwood fuel sometimes use both types for
different purposes. For example, softer woods make good fuel for relatively mild weather in spring
and fall because they light quickly and produce less heat Softwoods are not as dense as hardwoods
so a given volume of wood contains less energy. Using softwoods avoids overheating the house,
which can be a common problem with wood heating in moderate weather. Harder woods are best
for colder winter weather when more heat and longer burn cycles are desirable.
Note that hardwood trees like oak, maple, ash and beech are slower growing and longer lived than
softer woods like poplar and birch. That makes hardwood trees more valuable. The advice that
only hardwoods are good to burn is outdated. Old, leaky cast iron stoves wouldn’t hold a fire
overnight unless they were fed large pieces of hardwood. That is no longer true. You can
successfully heat your home by using the less desirable tree species and give the forest a break at
the same time.
3.2.3 LOG LENGTH
Logs should be cut about 1” (25 mm) shorter than the firebox so they fit in easily. Pieces that are
even slightly too long make loading the stove very difficult. The most common standard length of
firewood is 16” (400 mm).

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The pieces should be a consistent length, with a maximum of 1” (25 mm) variation from piece to
piece.
3.2.4 PIECE SIZE
Firewood dries more quickly when it is split. Large unsplit rounds can take years to dry enough to
burn. Even when dried, unsplit logs are difficult to ignite because they don’t have the sharp edges
where the flames first catch. Logs as small as 3” (75 mm) should be split to encourage drying.
Wood should be split to a range of sizes, from about 3” to 6” (75 mm to 150 mm) in cross section.
Having a range of sizes makes starting and rekindling fires much easier. Often, the firewood
purchased from commercial suppliers is not split finely enough for convenient stoking. It is
sometimes advisable to resplit the wood before stacking to dry.
3.2.5 HOW TO DRY FIREWOOD
Firewood that is not dry enough to burn is the cause of most complaints about wood inserts.
Continually burning green or unseasoned wood produces more creosote and involves lack of heat
and dirty glass door. See Section 5: Maintaining your wood heating system for concerns about
creosote.

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Here are some things to consider in estimating drying time:
•firewood takes a long time to dry
•firewood bought from a dealer is rarely dry enough to burn, so it is advisable to buy the wood
in spring and dry it yourself
•drying happens faster in dry weather than in damp, maritime climates
•drying happens faster in warm summer weather than in winter weather
•small pieces dry more quickly than large pieces
•split pieces dry more quickly than unsplit rounds
•softwoods take less time to dry than hardwoods
•softwoods like pine, spruce, and poplar/aspen can be dry enough to burn after being stacked
in the open for only the summer months
•hardwoods like oak, maple and ash can take one, or even two years to dry fully, especially if
the pieces are big
•firewood dries more quickly when stacked in the open where it is exposed to sun and wind; it
takes much longer to dry when stacked in a wood shed
•firewood that is ready to burn has a moisture content between15 and 20% by weight and will
allow your stove to produce its highest possible efficiency
3.2.6 JUDGING FIREWOOD MOISTURE CONTENT
You can find out if some firewood is dry enough to burn by using these guidelines:
•cracks form at the ends of logs as they dry
•as it dries in the sun, the wood turns from white or cream coloured to grey or yellow,
•bang two pieces of wood together; seasoned wood sounds hollow and wet wood sounds dull,
•dry wood is much lighter in weight than wet wood,
•split a piece, and if the fresh face feels warm and dry it is dry enough to burn; if it feels damp, it
is too wet,
•burn a piece; wet wood hisses and sizzles in the fire and dry wood does not.

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You could buy a wood moisture meter to test your
firewood.
3.3 MANUFACTURED LOGS
Do not burn manufactured logs made of wax impregnated sawdust or logs with any chemical
additives. Manufactured logs made of 100% compressed sawdust can be burned, but be careful
burning too much of these logs at the same time. Start with one manufactured log and see how
the stove reacts. You can increase the number of logs burned at a time to making sure the
temperature never rises higher than 475 °F (246 °C) on a magnetic thermometer for installation on
single wall stove pipes or 900 °F (482 °C) on a probe thermometer for installation on double wall
stove pipe. The thermometer should be placed about 18” (457 mm) above the stove. Higher
temperatures can lead to overheat and damage your stove.
4OPERATING YOUR STOVE
4.1 YOUR FIRST FIRES
Two things will happen as you burn your first few fires; the paint cures and the internal
components of the stove are conditioned.
As the paint cures, some of the chemicals vaporize. The vapors are not poisonous, but they do
smell bad. Fresh paint fumes can also cause false alarms in smoke detectors. So, when you first

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light your stove, be prepared by opening doors and/or windows to ventilate the house. As you
burn hotter and hotter fires, more of the painted surfaces reach the curing temperature of the
paint. The smell of curing paint does not disappear until you have burned one or two very hot
fires.
Burn one or two small fires to begin the curing and conditioning process. Then build bigger and
hotter fires until there is no longer any paint smell from the stove. Once the paint smell
disappears, your stove is ready for serious heating.
4.2 LIGHTING FIRES
Each person who heats with wood develops their own favorite way to light fires. Whatever
method you choose, your goal should be to get a hot fire burning quickly. A fire that starts fast
produces less smoke and deposits less creosote in the chimney. Here are three popular and
effective ways to start wood fires.
4.2.1 CONVENTIONAL FIRE STARTING
The conventional way to build a wood fire is to
bunch up 5 to 10 sheets of plain newspaper and
place them in the firebox. Next, place 10 or so
pieces of fine kindling on the newspaper. This
kindling should be very thin; less than 1” (25
mm). Next, place some larger kindling pieces on
the fine kindling. Open the air control fully and
light the newspaper. If you have a tall, straight
venting system you should be able to close the
door immediately and the fire will ignite. If your
venting system has elbows or an outside
chimney, you may need to leave the door closed
but unlatched for a few minutes as the
newspaper ignites and heat in the chimney
produces some draft. Once the fire has ignited,
close the door and leave the air control fully
open.
A conventional kindling fire with paper under
finely split wood.
DO NOT LEAVE THE STOVE UNATTENDED WHEN THE DOOR IS SLIGHTLY OPENED DURING
IGNITION. ALWAYS CLOSE THE DOOR AFTER IGNITION.
After the kindling fire has mostly burned, you can add standard firewood pieces until you have a
fire of the right size for the conditions.

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4.2.2 THE TOP DOWN FIRE
The top down fire starting method solves two problems with the conventional method: first, it
does not collapse and smother itself as it burns; and second, it is not necessary to build up the fire
gradually because the firebox is loaded before the fire is lit. A top down fire can provide up to two
hours of heating or more. The top down method only works properly if the wood is well-seasoned.
Start by placing three or four full-sized split pieces of dry firewood in the firebox. Next, place 4 or 5
more finely split pieces of firewood (2” to 3” [50 mm to 75 mm] in dia.) on the base logs at right
angles (log cabin style). Now place about 10 pieces of finely split kindling on the second layer at
right angles.
The fire is topped with about 5 sheets of newspaper. You can just bunch them up and stuff them in
between the kindling and the underside of the baffle. Or you can make newspaper knots by rolling
up single sheets corner to corner and tying a knot in them. The advantage of knots is that they
don’t roll off the fire as they burn. Light the newspaper and watch as the fire burns from top to
bottom.
4.2.3 TWO PARALLEL LOGS
Place two spit logs in the firebox. Place a few sheets of twisted newspaper between the logs. Now
place some fine kindling across the two logs and some larger kindling across those, log cabin style.
Light the newspaper.
4.2.4 USING FIRE STARTERS
Many people like to use commercial fire starters instead of newspaper. Some of these starters are
made of sawdust and wax and others are specialized flammable solid chemicals. Follow the
package directions for use.
Gel starter may be used but only if there are no hot embers present. Use only in a cold firebox to
start a fire.
DO NOT USE FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS SUCH AS GASOLINE, NAPHTHA, FUEL OIL, MOTOR OIL, OR
AEROSOLS TO START OR REKINDLE THE FIRE.
4.3 MAINTAINING WOOD FIRES
4.3.1 GENERAL ADVICE
Wood heating with a space heater is very different than other forms of heating. There will be
variations in the temperature in different parts of the house and there will be variations in
temperature throughout the day and night. This is normal, and for experienced wood burners
these are advantages of zone heating with wood.
Do not expect steady heat output from your stove. It is normal for its surface temperature to rise
after a new load of wood is ignited and for its temperature to gradually decline as the fire

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progresses. This rising and falling of temperature can be matched to your household routines. For
example, the area temperature can be cooler when you are active, such as when doing housework
or cooking, and it can be warmer when you are inactive, such as when reading or watching
television.
Wood burns best in cycles. A cycle starts when a new load of wood is ignited by hot coals and ends
when that load has been consumed down to a bed of charcoal about the same size as it was when
the wood was loaded. Do not attempt to produce a steady heat output by placing a single log on
the fire at regular intervals. Always place at least three, and preferably more, pieces on the fire at
a time so that the heat radiated from one piece helps to ignite the pieces next to it. Each load of
wood should provide several hours of heating. The size of each load can be matched to the
amount of heat needed.
When you burn in cycles, you rarely need to open the stove’s loading door while the wood is
flaming. This is an advantage because there is more chance that smoke will leak from the stove
when the door is opened as a full fire is burning. This is especially true if the chimney connector
has 90 degree elbows and if the chimney runs up the outside wall of the house.
IF YOU MUST OPEN THE DOOR WHILE THE FUEL IS FLAMING, OPEN THE AIR CONTROL FULLY FOR
A FEW MINUTES, THEN UNLATCH AND OPEN THE DOOR SLOWLY.
4.3.2 ASH REMOVAL
Ash should be removed from the firebox every two or three days of full time heating. Do not let
the ash build up in the firebox because it will interfere with proper fire management.
The best time to remove ash is after an overnight fire when the stove is relatively cool, but there is
still some chimney draft to draw the ash dust into the stove and prevent it from coming into the
room.
After ashes have been removed from the stove and placed in a tightly covered metal container,
they should be taken outside immediately. The closed container of ashes should be placed on a
non-combustible floor or on the ground well away from all combustible materials pending final
disposal. Ashes normally contain some live charcoal that can stay hot for several days. If the ashes
are disposed of by burial in soil or otherwise locally dispersed, they should be retained in the
closed container until all cinders have thoroughly cooled. Other waste shall not be placed in this
container.
NEVER STORE ASHES INDOORS OR IN A NON-METALIC CONTAINER OR ON A WOODEN DECK.
DO NOT OVERFIRE.
4.3.3 RAKING CHARCOAL
Rekindle the fire when you notice that the room temperature has fallen. You will find most of the
remaining charcoal at the back of the firebox, furthest from the door. Rake these coals towards
the door before loading. There are two reasons for this raking of the coals. First, it concentrates

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them near where most of the combustion air enters the firebox and where they can ignite the new
load quickly, and second, the charcoal will not be smothered by the new load of wood. If you were
to simply spread the charcoal out, the new load will smoulder for a long time before igniting.
Remove ash first, and then rake charcoal towards the front of the firebox before loading so that it
will ignite the new load.
4.3.4 FIRING EACH NEW LOAD HOT
Place the new load of wood on and behind the charcoal, and not too close to the glass. Close the
door and open the air control fully. Leave the air control fully open until the firebox is full of
flames, the wood has charred to black and its edges are glowing red. Firing each load of wood hot
accomplishes a few things:
•drives the surface moisture from the wood,
•creates a layer of char on the wood, which slows down its release of smoke,
•heats the firebox components so they reflect heat back to the fire, and
•heats the chimney so it can produce strong, steady draft for the rest of the cycle.
Although it is important to fire each new load hot to prepare for a clean burn, do not allow the fire
to burn at full intensity for more than a few minutes.
DO NOT LEAVE THE STOVE UNATTENDED WHILE A NEW LOAD IS BEING FIRED HOT.
When you burn a new load of wood hot to heat up the wood, the stove and the chimney, the
result will be a surge of heat from the stove. This heat surge is welcome when the room
temperature is a little lower than desirable, but not welcome if the space is already warm.
Therefore, allow each load of wood to burn down so that the space begins to cool off a little
before loading. Letting the space cool before loading is one of the secrets to clean burning and
effective zone heating.
4.3.5 TURNING DOWN THE AIR SUPPLY
Once the firewood, firebox and chimney are hot, you can begin to reduce the air supply for a
steady burn.
As you reduce the air supply to the fire, two important things happen. First, the firing rate slows
down to spread the heat energy in the fuel over a longer period of time. Second, the flow rate of

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exhaust through the stove and flue pipe slows down, which gives more time for the transfer of
heat from the exhaust. You will notice that as you reduce the air setting, the flames slow down.
This is your indication that the stove is burning at its peak efficiency.
If the flames get small and almost disappear when you turn down the air, you have turned down
the air too early, or your firewood is wetter than it should be. With good fuel and correct air
control use, the flames should slow down, but should stay large and steady, even as the air supply
is reduced.
4.3.6 BUILDING DIFFERENT FIRES FOR DIFFERENT NEEDS
Using the air control is not the only way to match the stove’s heat output to the heat demand.
Your house will need far less heat in October than in January to be kept at a comfortable
temperature. If you fill the firebox full in fall weather, you will either overheat the space or turn
the stove down so much that the fire will be smoky and inefficient. Here are some suggestions for
building fires to match different heat demand.
4.3.6.1 Small Fires to Take the Chill Off the House
To build a small fire that will produce a low heat output, use small pieces of firewood and load
them crisscross in the firebox. The pieces should be only 3” to 4” in diameter. After raking the
coals, you can lay two pieces parallel to each other corner to corner in the firebox and lay two
more across them in the other direction. Open the air control fully and only reduce the air after
the wood is fully flaming. This kind of fire is good for mild weather when you are around to tend
the stove and should provide enough heat for four hours or more. Small fires like this are a good
time to use softer wood species so there will be less chance of overheating the house.