PCB Piezotronics PM165A01 User manual

Model PM165A01
CHARGE PRESSURE SENSOR
Installation and Operating Manual
For assistance with the operation of this product,
contact PCB Piezotronics, Inc.
Toll-free: 800-828-8840
24-hour SensorLine: 716-684-0001
Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
Web: www.pcb.com

The information contained in this document supersedes all similar information that
may be found elsewhere in this manual.
Total Customer Satisfaction –PCB
Piezotronics guarantees Total Customer
Satisfaction. If, at any time, for any
reason, you are not completely satisfied
with any PCB product, PCB will repair,
replace, or exchange it at no charge.
You may also choose to have your
purchase price refunded in lieu of the
repair, replacement, or exchange of the
product.
Service –Due to the sophisticated
nature of the sensors and associated
instrumentation provided by PCB
Piezotronics, user servicing or repair is
not recommended and, if attempted,
may void the factory warranty. Routine
maintenance, such as the cleaning of
electrical connectors, housings, and
mounting surfaces with solutions and
techniques that will not harm the
physical material of construction, is
acceptable. Caution should be observed
to insure that liquids are not permitted to
migrate into devices that are not
hermetically sealed. Such devices
should only be wiped with a dampened
cloth and never submerged or have
liquids poured upon them.
Repair –In the event that equipment
becomes damaged or ceases to
operate, arrangements should be made
to return the equipment to PCB
Piezotronics for repair. User servicing or
repair is not recommended and, if
attempted, may void the factory
warranty.
Calibration –Routine calibration of
sensors and associated instrumentation
is recommended as this helps build
confidence in measurement accuracy
and acquired data. Equipment
calibration cycles are typically
established by the users own quality
regimen. When in doubt about a
calibration cycle, a good “rule of thumb”
is to recalibrate on an annual basis. It is
also good practice to recalibrate after
exposure to any severe temperature
extreme, shock, load, or other
environmental influence, or prior to any
critical test.
PCB Piezotronics maintains an ISO-
9001 certified metrology laboratory and
offers calibration services, which are
accredited by A2LA to ISO/IEC 17025,
with full traceability to SI through
N.I.S.T. In addition to the normally
supplied calibration, special testing is
also available, such as: sensitivity at
elevated or cryogenic temperatures,
phase response, extended high or low
frequency response, extended range,
leak testing, hydrostatic pressure
testing, and others. For information on
standard recalibration services or
special testing, contact your local PCB
Piezotronics distributor, sales
representative, or factory customer
service representative.
Returning Equipment –Following
these procedures will insure that your
returned materials are handled in the
most expedient manner. Before
Warranty, Service, Repair, and
Return Policies and Instructions

returning any equipment to PCB
Piezotronics, contact your local
distributor, sales representative, or
factory customer service representative
to obtain a Return Warranty, Service,
Repair, and Return Policies and
Instructions Materials Authorization
(RMA) Number. This RMA number
should be clearly marked on the outside
of all package(s) and on the packing
list(s) accompanying the shipment. A
detailed account of the nature of the
problem(s) being experienced with the
equipment should also be included
inside the package(s) containing any
returned materials.
A Purchase Order, included with the
returned materials, will expedite the
turn-around of serviced equipment. It is
recommended to include authorization
on the Purchase Order for PCB to
proceed with any repairs, as long as
they do not exceed 50% of the
replacement cost of the returned
item(s). PCB will provide a price
quotation or replacement
recommendation for any item whose
repair costs would exceed 50% of
replacement cost, or any item that is not
economically feasible to repair. For
routine calibration services, the
Purchase Order should include
authorization to proceed and return at
current pricing, which can be obtained
from a factory customer service
representative.
Warranty –All equipment and repair
services provided by PCB Piezotronics,
Inc. are covered by a limited warranty
against defective material and
workmanship for a period of one year
from date of original purchase. Contact
PCB for a complete statement of our
warranty. Expendable items, such as
batteries and mounting hardware, are
not covered by warranty. Mechanical
damage to equipment due to improper
use is not covered by warranty.
Electronic circuitry failure caused by the
introduction of unregulated or improper
excitation power or electrostatic
discharge is not covered by warranty.
Contact Information –International
customers should direct all inquiries to
their local distributor or sales office. A
complete list of distributors and offices
can be found at www.pcb.com.
Customers within the United States may
contact their local sales representative
or a factory customer service
representative. A complete list of sales
representatives can be found at
www.pcb.com. Toll-free telephone
numbers for a factory customer service
representative, in the division
responsible for this product, can be
found on the title page at the front of this
manual. Our ship to address and
general contact numbers are:
PCB Piezotronics, Inc.
3425 Walden Ave.
Depew, NY14043 USA
Toll-free: [phone]
24-hour SensorLineSM: [phone]
Website: www.pcb.com
E-mail: [email protected]

PCB工业监视和测量设备 - 中国RoHS2公布表
PCB Industrial Monitoring and Measuring Equipment - China RoHS 2 Disclosure Table
部件名称
有害物质
铅(Pb)
汞
(Hg)
镉
(Cd)
六价铬(Cr(VI))
多溴联苯 (PBB)
多溴二苯醚(PBDE)
住房
O
O
O
O
O
O
PCB板
X
O
O
O
O
O
电气连接器
O
O
O
O
O
O
压电晶体
X
O
O
O
O
O
环氧
O
O
O
O
O
O
铁氟龙
O
O
O
O
O
O
电子
O
O
O
O
O
O
厚膜基板
O
O
X
O
O
O
电线
O
O
O
O
O
O
电缆
X
O
O
O
O
O
塑料
O
O
O
O
O
O
焊接
X
O
O
O
O
O
铜合金/黄铜
X
O
O
O
O
O
本表格依据 SJ/T 11364 的规定编制。
O：表示该有害物质在该部件所有均质材料中的含量均在 GB/T 26572 规定的限量要求以下。
X：表示该有害物质至少在该部件的某一均质材料中的含量超出 GB/T 26572 规定的限量要求。
铅是欧洲RoHS指令2011/65/ EU附件三和附件四目前由于允许的豁免。
CHINA RoHS COMPLIANCE

DOCUMENT NUMBER: 21354
DOCUMENT REVISION: C
ECN: 45605
Component Name
Hazardous Substances
Lead
(Pb)
Mercury
(Hg)
Cadmium
(Cd)
Chromium VI
Compounds
(Cr(VI))
Polybrominated
Biphenyls
(PBB)
Polybrominated
Diphenyl
Ethers (PBDE)
Housing
O
O
O
O
O
O
PCB Board
X
O
O
O
O
O
Electrical
Connectors
O
O
O
O
O
O
Piezoelectric
Crystals
X
O
O
O
O
O
Epoxy
O
O
O
O
O
O
Teflon
O
O
O
O
O
O
Electronics
O
O
O
O
O
O
Thick Film
Substrate
O
O
X
O
O
O
Wires
O
O
O
O
O
O
Cables
X
O
O
O
O
O
Plastic
O
O
O
O
O
O
Solder
X
O
O
O
O
O
Copper Alloy/Brass
X
O
O
O
O
O
This table is prepared in accordance with the provisions of SJ/T 11364.
O: Indicates that said hazardous substance contained in all of the homogeneous materials for this part is below the limit
requirement of GB/T 26572.
X: Indicates that said hazardous substance contained in at least one of the homogeneous materials for this part is above
the limit requirement of GB/T 26572.
Lead is present due to allowed exemption in Annex III or Annex IV of the European RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU.

BALLISTICS PRESSURE TRANSDUCER MODELS 165B02 AND 118A07 OPERATION MANUAL 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The Model 165B02 & 118A07 are, charge mode
ballistics transducers with welded diaphragm and a
rugged quartz element of proven reliability ideally suited
for shotgun shells. The transducer’s welded diaphragm
provides better transient thermal characteristics,
important for ballistics applications. The rugged
piezoelectric element utilizes synthetic quartz crystals to
convert instantaneous pressure changes to an analogous
electrostatic charge. Chamber pressure is sensed by the
transducer as the round is fired.
The transducer also serves as a replacement for other
diaphragm-type gauges. In addition to ballistics testing,
the Model 165B02 & 118A07 can be used for hydraulic
and pneumatic test applications.
2.0 DESCRIPTION
Figure 2.1 shows the external configuration of the Model
165B02. The unit is housed in a lightweight stainless
steel case and has a stainless steel diaphragm. It
comfortably tolerates ambient temperatures ranging
from -400 to +400 °F (-240 to +204 °C).
The 3/8-24 thread and flush diaphragm design are
conventional, providing direct interchangeability with
existing machined diaphragm-type piezoelectric
transducers. The short, rigid quartz element and stiff
diaphragm give the unit a 250 kHz natural frequency and
good linearity, even below 1 000 psi.
3.0 INSTALLATION
When choosing an installation method, the advantages
and disadvantages of each method must be carefully
weighed. Characteristics like location, ruggedness,
amplitude range, accessibility, temperature and
portability may be greatly affected by the installation
configuration and technique. Often, the most important
and overlooked consideration is the affect the mounting
technique has on the high-frequency operating range of
the pressure sensor.
Two basic mounting techniques are recommended for
pressure sensors: the recess mount and the flush mount.
The technique used is determined by the specifics of the
individual application. See the Installation Drawing in
this manual for additional details on the individual
sensor series.
A torque wrench should be used to ensure specified
mounting torque when installing the unit. Refer to the
Installation Drawing, located in the Appendix, for the
recommended torque value.
It is wise to replace the seal each time the transducer is
installed. One is supplied with the sensor; replacements
are available as regular stock items.
3.1 Mounting in Existing Recessed Ports
The Model 165B02 & 118A07 mounts directly in
existing ports machined for PCB Models 165A02,
167A, 167A02, 167A11, 167A12, and others.
Drawing Number: 21109
Revision: NR

BALLISTICS PRESSURE TRANSDUCER MODELS 165B02 AND 118A07 OPERATION MANUAL 2
Before installing the transducer in previously used
mounting ports, clean out the residue remaining from
previous tests as shown in Figure 3.1 . This is
accomplished by hand-reaming the ¼-inch diameter
hole, using a PCB Model 040B20 (English Port,
Drawing 42831) or 040B21 (Metric Port, Drawing
42832) Flat-Bottom Reamer or its equivalent.
It is important to note that the seal surface may require
remachining to get it sufficiently clean following
prolonged use. If this procedure is necessary, do not
forge too deeply into the 1/4-inch (6.35 mm) diameter
hole. Doing so could remove the shoulder, causing the
transducer to bottom out when it is installed.
If waveform distortion occurs during prolonged testing,
remove the transducer and clean out the residue as
shown on 42831, & 42832.
3.2 Preparing New Mounting Ports
Refer to drawings 42831, & 42832 provided for
instructions on mounting hole preparation. For best
results, do not deviate from the outlined steps.
Use good machining practice in preparing the mounting
port. Pay particular attention to the seal surface (.323
inches / 8.2 mm in diameter), keeping it free from tool
chatter marks.
NOTE: It is important that this surface be perfectly
smooth and free from nicks or other discontinuities that
could cause leaks at high pressures.
3.3 Recess Mount
The recess mount technique protects the sensor
diaphragm from the effect of high flash temperature and
particle impingement. This method is often selected
because it can prolong sensor life and increase data
integrity by reducing thermal error. See Figure 3.2.
The recommended range of passage diameters is .090 to
.125 inches (2.286 to 3.175 mm) in diameter.
When using the recess mount technique, note that the
length of the passage may limit the usable frequency
range of the sensor. The effect the passage has is like
that of an under-damped second order system, with the
resonant frequency determined by passage length. The
passage length thus limits the pressure pulse rise time
and may also cause passage ringing.
The function is described by the following equation:
L4
V
F
r
=
Where: Fr = resonant frequency passage (Hz)
V = velocity of sound in air (feet/second)
L = length of column (feet)
For air at room temperature, the equation becomes:
L
3300
F
r
=
Where: L = passage length (inches)
The natural frequency and approximately fastest
pressure step rise time for various length passages are
shown in the following chart, using a medium of air at
77°F (25°C).
Drawing Number: 21109
Revision: NR

BALLISTICS PRESSURE TRANSDUCER MODELS 165B02 AND 118A07 OPERATION MANUAL 3
Selected Values for 77°F (25°C)
Measured resonant frequencies may differ slightly from
the chart values due to variations in the velocity of
sound in the air from changes in temperature and
pressure of the air in the passage.
If possible, keep passage lengths below 0.10 inches
(.254 mm) for best results in most ballistic applications,
especially at the casemouth and when measuring port
pressures.
3.4 Flush Mount
The flush mount installation is intended for tangential
shot shell pressure measurement and there is no reduced
area passage from the sensor diaphragm to the test
chamber. Instead, the sensor diaphragm is mounted flush
with, or slightly recessed from, the inside surface of the
test chamber. See Figure 3.3.
If thermal transients or diaphragm impingement are
concerns, use the flush mount technique only when
space or rise time considerations preclude the use of the
recess mount installation.
3.5 Flash Thermal Protection
Additional steps may be taken to provide protection
from flash thermal effects. The sensor diaphragm may
be thermally insulated with DC-4 silicone grease or its
equivalent. In place of the silicone rubber, one layer of
black vinyl electrical tape on the diaphragm may provide
sufficient insulation.
3.6 Cable Installation
Use only low-noise treated coaxial cable (PCB Model
003A or equivalent) to connect the transducer to the
charge amplifier, in-line voltage amplifier, or other high
input impedance readout instrument. For further details
on such cabling contact PCB.
Protect the ultra high impedance connection against
moisture contamination with shrink tubing or other
suitable method. Figures 5.1 and 5.2 illustrate typical
circuit connections.
It is advisable to support transducer cables by tying them
to rigid structures to prevent excessive motion that can
generate noise and materially shorten cable life. Allow
adequate strain relief.
4.0 CALIBRATION
This transducer can be calibrated using either static
hydraulic techniques, such as by a dead weight tester, or
by comparison with a standard dial gauge.
Set the charge amplifier for a long time constant, and
allow the transducer to thermally stabilize before
attempting to calibrate it.
Passage Passage Approx. fastest
length resonance pulse rise time
(inches) (kHz) (microseconds)
.050 66 5
.100 33 10
.200 16.5 20
.50 6.6 50
1.0 3.3 100
Drawing Number: 21109
Revision: NR

BALLISTICS PRESSURE TRANSDUCER MODELS 165B02 AND 118A07 OPERATION MANUAL 4
NOTE: Do not attempt to use a charge amplifier that has
less than a 5 000 second time constant when in the long
position.
Several charge amplifiers are specially designed for use
with ceramic accelerometers for higher frequency
measurements. In general, these types are unsuitable for
calibration of quartz pressure transducers by quasi-static
means.
A factory charge calibration is supplied with each
transducer. Factory recalibration is available.
5.0 OPERATION
Most test setups include the Model 165B02 & 118A07
operating into an electrostatic charge amplifier, such as
the PCB Model 443B02. See Figure 5.1.
NOTE: Keep the input cable to the charge amplifier as
short as is practical. Electrical noise at the output of any
charge amplifier is directly related to input cable length
(capacitance).
Press the ground button of the charge amplifier and
adjust electrical zero if necessary. Range the amplifier
to give the necessary full-scale voltage. For normal,
drift-free operation, switch the charge amplifier time
constant selector to MEDIUM or SHORT during use.
5.1 Polarity
Since most charge amplifiers are inverting amplifiers,
the Model 165B02 & 118A07 is designed to produce a
negative-going charge for increasing pressure at the
diaphragm.
6.0 MAINTENANCE
The only maintenance required on the Model 165B02 &
118A07 is the periodic cleaning of the connector to
restore insulation resistance.
During use in damp environments or after a period of
storage, the insulation resistance of the transducer may
degrade (1012 ohms is normal). To restore insulation
resistance, an ultrasonic cleaning in 99% pure isopropyl
alcohol is required. Then bake the transducer in a 250 °F
(121 °C) oven for several hours. If available, a vacuum
oven expedites the process. Allow the sensor to cool to
ambient temperature before re-testing the insulation
resistance.
Drawing Number: 21109
Revision: NR

Model Number
165A01
CHARGE PRESSURE SENSOR Revision: G
ECN #: 41157
Performance
ENGLISH
SI
Sensitivity(± 15 %) 0.150 pC/psi 0.0218 pC/kPa
Measurement Range 87 kpsi 599,844 kPa
Maximum Pressure(static) 93 kpsi 641,212 kPa
Resolution 20 mpsi 0.14 kPa
[1]
Resonant Frequency ≥250 kHz ≥250 kHz
Rise Time(Reflected) ≤2 µ sec ≤2 µ sec
Non-Linearity ≤2 % FS ≤2 % FS
[2]
Environmental
Acceleration Sensitivity ≤0.02 psi/g ≤0.007 kPa/(m/s²)
Temperature Range(Operating) -100 to +400 °F -73 to +204 °C
Temperature Coefficient of Sensitivity ≤0.03 %/°F ≤0.018 %/°C
Maximum Flash Temperature 3000 °F 1650 °C
Maximum Shock 20,000 g pk 196,200 m/s² pk
Electrical
Capacitance 4 TO 6 pF 4 TO 6 pF
Insulation Resistance(at room temp)
≥10
12
Ohm ≥10
12
Ohm
Physical
Sensing Element Quartz Quartz
Sensing Geometry Compression Compression
Housing Material Stainless Steel Stainless Steel
Diaphragm 316L Stainless Steel 316L Stainless Steel
Sealing Epoxy Epoxy
Electrical Connector 10-32 Coaxial Jack 10-32 Coaxial Jack
Weight 0.4 oz 11 gm
All specifications are at room temperature unless otherwise specified.
In the interest of constant product improvement, we reserve the right to change specifications without notice.
ICP
®
is a registered trademark of PCB Group, Inc.
OPTIONAL VERSIONS
Optional versions have identical specifications and accessories as listed for the standard model
except where noted below. More than one option may be used.
H
- Hermetic Seal
M
- Metric Mount
Supplied Accessory : Model 065A59 Baffle
P
- Positive Output Polarity
NOTES:
[1] Resolution dependent on range setting and cable length used in charge system.
[2]
Zero
-
based, least
-
squares, straight line method.
SUPPLIED ACCESSORIES:
Model 065A57 Seal ring 0.626" OD x 0.221" ID x 0.14" thk (3)
Model 065A60 Baffle (1)
Entered: AP Engineer: RPF Sales: RWM
Approved: APB
Spec Number:
Date: 3/27/2013 Date: 3/27/2013 Date: 3/27/2013 Date: 3/27/2013
5748
3425 Walden Avenue, Depew, NY 14043
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
E-Mail: [e-mail]