PiezoDrive PX200 User manual

PX200 V5 Manual 1 13/05/2022
PX200 Power Amplifier
Manual and Specifications
Hardware Version 5
Revision History
Date
Revision
By
Changes
15/05/22
1
KB
Document published

PX200 V5 Manual 2 13/05/2022
Contents
1Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 3
2Warnings / Notes........................................................................................................................... 3
3Output Voltage Ranges.................................................................................................................. 4
4Output Current.............................................................................................................................. 5
5Power Bandwidth.......................................................................................................................... 5
6Pulse Current Option..................................................................................................................... 7
7Specifications ................................................................................................................................ 8
8Small Signal Bandwidth ................................................................................................................. 9
9Noise ........................................................................................................................................... 10
10 Front Panel ............................................................................................................................... 11
11 Signal Path................................................................................................................................ 12
12 Voltage Limits ........................................................................................................................... 13
13 Bias Outputs and Piezo Benders ............................................................................................... 13
14 Overload and Shutdown ........................................................................................................... 13
15 Bridged Mode........................................................................................................................... 15
16 Rack Mounting.......................................................................................................................... 16
17 Delivery Contents ..................................................................................................................... 16
18 Warranty .................................................................................................................................. 16

PX200 V5 Manual 3 13/05/2022
1Introduction
The PX200 is a low-noise high-current linear amplifier for driving piezoelectric actuators and other
loads. The output voltage range can be unipolar, bipolar, or asymmetric from 50V to 200V. Refer to
the specifications table for the available output voltage ranges. Two amplifiers can be connected in
bridge-mode to provide up to +/-200V or +400V. The PX200 has a high output current up to 13 Amps
peak and is well suited to precision applications that require high power and frequency.
The PX200 can drive any load impedance including unlimited capacitive loads such as stack actuators;
standard piezoelectric actuators; two wire benders; and three-wire piezoelectric benders requiring a
bias voltage. Bias voltages can be generated using two auxiliary outputs linked to the power supply
voltages.
A range of front panel controls provide maximum application flexibility, these include input signal
inversion, variable gain, DC offset, and variable voltage limits. A 9-pin DSUB connector on the front
panel includes signals for the input, voltage monitor, current monitor, shutdown monitor, and
shutdown command. A four-digit LCD screen also displays the DC voltage.
The output connectors include BNC, LEMO 00, LEMO 0B.302, and plug-in screw terminals. The PX200
is suited to a wide range of applications including electro-optics, ultrasonics, vibration control,
nanopositioning systems, and piezoelectric motors.
Compatible Actuators
Stack Actuators
Up to +200V
Plates and Tubes
+/-100V or +200V
Two Wire Benders
+/-100V or +200V
Three Wire Benders
Up to +200V with +200V bias, or +/-100V with +/-100V bias
2Warnings / Notes
This device produces hazardous potentials and requires suitably
qualified personnel with an observer trained in first-aid training. Do not
operate the device when there are exposed conductors.

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3Output Voltage Ranges
The output voltage range is specified when ordering. The standard voltage ranges and associated
current limits are listed below. Since the PX200 has front panel controls for reducing the positive and
negative output voltage range, choose a range equal to or slightly greater than required.
Negative
Voltage
(Volts)
Positive
Voltage
(Volts)
RMS
Current
(Amps)
Peak
Current
(Amps)
Pulse
Current
[1]
Gain
[2]
Var
[3]
Order
Code
0
200
1.6
3
9
20
A
PX200-P200
0
150
2.1
4
10
15
A
PX200-P150
-50
150
1.6
3
9
15
A
PX200-N50-P150
-50
100
2.1
4
10
10
A
PX200-N50-P100
-100
100
1.6
3
9
10
A
PX200-N100-P100
-100
50
2.1
4
10
10
A
PX200-N100-P50
-100
0
3.1
6
13
10
A
PX200-N100
-150
0
2.1
4
10
15
A
PX200-N150
-200
0
1.6
3
9
20
A
PX200-N200
0
175
1.8
3
10
20
B
PX200-P175
-25
150
1.8
3
10
15
B
PX200-N25-P150
-25
100
2.7
4
10
10
B
PX200-N25-P100
-75
100
1.8
3
10
10
B
PX200-N75-P100
-75
50
2.7
4
10
10
B
PX200-N75-P50
0
125
2.7
4
10
15
D
PX200-P125
-25
125
2.1
4
10
15
D
PX200-N25-P125
-75
75
2.1
4
10
10
D
PX200-N75-P75
0
100
3.1
6
13
10
E
PX200-P100
0
75
4.1
6
13
10
E
PX200-P75
0
50
5.3
9
13
10
E
PX200-P50
0
50
5.3
9
13
10
E
PX200-P25
-25
75
3.1
6
13
10
E
PX200-N25-P75
-25
50
4.1
6
13
10
E
PX200-N25-P50
-25
25
5.3
9
13
10
E
PX200-N25-P25
-50
50
3.1
6
13
10
E
PX200-N50-P50
-50
25
4.1
6
13
10
E
PX200-N50-P25
-50
0
5.3
9
13
10
E
PX200-N50
-75
0
4.1
6
13
10
E
PX200-N75
-100
0
3.1
6
13
10
E
PX200-N100
Table 1. Preferred voltage range configurations.

PX200 V5 Manual 5 13/05/2022
Notes:
[1] –Refer to Section 6 for details on the pulse current limit
[2] –The gain can be increased by up to another factor of 10 using the front panel control
[3] –The variant is the hardware version required for the chosen configuration
4Output Current
The peak and RMS output current is listed in Table 1. The RMS current limit determines the maximum
frequency that is achievable with a capacitive load. A calculator for the maximum operating
frequency is provided in Section 5.
During short-circuit the output current is limited to the rated maximum. The peak current can be
drawn for up to five milliseconds before the output is disabled for three seconds. The average current
limit has a time-constant of ten milliseconds and is reset 50 milliseconds after a previous current
pulse. This behaviour is described in Section 13.
Higher peak currents are achievable with the PULSE option, which is described in Section 6.
5Power Bandwidth
Launch Online Power Bandwidth Calculator
The online power bandwidth calculator estimates the highest achievable frequency with a capacitive
load impedance. The calculator considers the current limit, slew-rate, output impedance, and small-
signal bandwidth.

PX200 V5 Manual 6 13/05/2022
With a capacitive load, the maximum operating frequency due to the RMS current limit is

 

 
where  is the current limit, 
 is the peak-to-peak output voltage, is the load capacitance. The
above equation is also true for any periodic waveform, including triangle waves and square waves.
The ‘power bandwidth’ is the maximum frequency at full output voltage. When the amplifier output
is open-circuit, the power bandwidth is limited by the slew-rate; however, with a capacitive load, the
maximum frequency is limited by the RMS current and load capacitance. The power bandwidth for a
range of capacitive loads is listed below.
Load
50 Vp-p
75 Vp-p
100 Vp-p
125 Vp-p
150 Vp-p
175 Vp-p
200 Vp-p
10 nF
222930*
148620*
111465*
89172*
74310*
63694*
55732*
30 nF
222930*
148620*
111465*
89172*
74310*
63694*
55732*
100 nF
222930*
148620*
111465*
89172*
62000
45714
35000
300 nF
160000
82667
46667
32000
20667
15238
11667
1 uF
48000
24800
14000
9600
6200
4571
3500
3 uF
16000
8267
4667
3200
2067
1524
1167
10 uF
4800
2480
1400
960
620
457
350
30 uF
1600
827
467
320
207
152
117
Table 2. Maximum frequency (Hz) versus load capacitance and output voltage span
In the above table, the frequencies limited by slew-rate are marked with an asterisk. The slew-rate is
approximately 35 V/uS which implies a maximum frequency of
  



PX200 V5 Manual 7 13/05/2022
6Pulse Current Option
The PULSE current option provides a higher peak current for approximately 150 us instead of the
standard 5 ms. This option is useful in specialty applications that require fast, small changes in the
output voltage with large capacitive loads. This option is not recommended for general purpose
applications as the shorter overload time is detrimental to frequencies below 1 kHz. The pulse current
limits for each configuration are listed in Table 1 and summarized in Table 3. The output voltage span
is the peak-to-peak output voltage range, e.g. the voltage span for the -50V to +150V range is 200V.
Output Voltage Span
Pulse Current
Pulse Time
200 Vp-p
9 A
150 us
175 Vp-p
10 A
155 us
150 Vp-p
10 A
180 us
125 Vp-p
10 A
236 us
100 Vp-p
13 A
211 us
75 Vp-p
13 A
286 us
50 Vp-p
13 A
378 us
25 Vp-p
13 A
378 us
Table 3. Maximum peak current duration in the pulse configuration.
The maximum pulse duration versus peak current is described in Figure 1. The pulse current option
can be ordered by appending the order code with “-PULSE”, e.g. “PX200-P200-PULSE”.
Figure 1. Maximum pulse duration versus peak current for each voltage span

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7Specifications
The voltage, current, and gain specifications are listed in Table 1. Other specifications that are
common to all configurations are listed below.
Specification
Value
Slew Rate
35 V/us
Signal Bandwidth
390 kHz
Max Power
140 W Dissipation
Load
Any
Noise
150 uV RMS (10uF Load, 0.03 Hz to 1 MHz)
Protection
Continuous short-circuit, thermal
Voltage Monitor
1/20 V/V
Current Monitor
1.5 V/A if peak current is 6 Amps or less
0.5 V/A if peak current is greater than 6 Amps
Input Impedance
48.7 kOhms
Output Impedance
1.5 Ohms
Output Connectors
LEMO 0B, LEMO 00, Screw Terminals, BNC
Power Supply
90 Vac to 250 Vac
Environment
0-40 C (32-104 F) Non-condensing humidity
Dimensions
212 x 304.8 x 88 mm (8.35 x 12 x 3.46 in)
Weight
2 kg (4.4 lb)

PX200 V5 Manual 9 13/05/2022
8Small Signal Bandwidth
The small-signal frequency response and -3 dB bandwidth is described in Figure 2 and
Table 4.
Figure 2. Small signal frequency response for a range of load capacitances.
Load Capacitance
Bandwidth
10 nF
393 kHz
30 nF
431 kHz
100 nF
367 kHz
300 nF
208 kHz
1 uF
88 kHz
3 uF
30 kHz
10 uF
9.3 kHz
30 uF
3.7 kHz
110 uF
1.3 kHz
Table 4. Small signal bandwidth versus load capacitance (-3dB)
103104105106
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
Magnitude (dB)
103104105106
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
Phase (deg.)
Frequency (Hz)
300 nF
1 uF
3 uF
10 uF
30 uF
100 nF
30 nF
10 nF

PX200 V5 Manual 10 13/05/2022
9Noise
The output voltage noise contains a low frequency component (0.03 Hz to 20 Hz) that is independent
of the load capacitance; and a high frequency (20 Hz to 1 MHz) component that is approximately
inversely proportional to the load capacitance.
The noise is measured with an SR560 low-noise amplifier (Gain = 1000), oscilloscope, and Agilent
34461A Voltmeter. The low-frequency noise is plotted in Figure 3. The RMS value is 120 uV with a
peak-to-peak voltage of 600 uV.
Figure 3. Low frequency noise from 0.03 Hz to 20 Hz
The high frequency noise (20 Hz to 1 MHz) is listed in the table below versus load capacitance. The
total RMS noise from 0.03 Hz to 1 MHz is found by summing the RMS values, that is   
  .
For a load capacitance of less than 1 uF, the noise is primarily broadband thermal noise; however, for
a capacitance of greater than 1 uF, the noise is primarily due to low-frequency noise.
Load
Bandwidth
HF Noise RMS
Total Noise RMS
10 nF
393 kHz
530 uV
543 uV
30 nF
431 kHz
586 uV
598 uV
100 nF
367 kHz
689 uV
699 uV
300 nF
208 kHz
452 uV
468 uV
1 uF
88 kHz
261 uV
287 uV
3 uF
30 kHz
106 uV
160 uV
10 uF
9.3 kHz
56 uV
132 uV
30 uF
3.7 kHz
52 uV
131 uV
100 uF
1.3 kHz
47 uV
129 uV
Table 5. RMS noise versus load capacitance (0.03 Hz to 1 MHz)

PX200 V5 Manual 11 13/05/2022
10 Front Panel
Control
Type
Function
Power
Power On/Off
Overload LED
RED when the amplifier is disabled or in an overload state
Power LED
GREEN when the power is on
Input
Input
Input signal (10V max, protected up to +/-20V)
Invert switch
Multiplies the input signal by -1 in the upward position
Gain switch
Adds additional gain to the input signal when in the upward position
Gain pot
Clockwise rotation increases the additional gain (up to a factor of 10)
Offset knob
Single turn potentiometer for DC offset
Offset pot
Multiple turn potentiometer for DC offset
Offset switch
Selects between the offset sources, or zero in the middle position
Voltage Limits
Limits the maximum negative and positive output voltage
Voltage Monitor
Output
The measured output voltage, scaled by 1/20
Current Monitor
Output
The measured output current, 1.5 V/A or 0.5 V/A (See Section 7)
Bias-
Output
DC Bias connected to the negative high-voltage power supply rail
Bias+
Output
DC Bias connected to the positive high-voltage power supply rail
Ground
Output
Ground, connect to the load negative terminal
Output
Output
Amplifier output, connect to the load positive terminal
LEMO 00 Output
Output
EPL.00.250 connector, suits LEMO FFA.00.250 cable plug
LEMO 0B Output
Output
FGG.0B.302 connector, suits LEMO FGG.0B.302 cable plug
BNC Output
Output
Suits male BNC cable plug
DC Output Volt.
Display showing average output voltage
The mating connector for the 4-way screw terminal connector is OQ0432510000G.

PX200 V5 Manual 12 13/05/2022
The screw terminals or LEMO 0B.302 connector are recommended for applications requiring more
than 1 Amp RMS output current. Preassembled LEMO cable assemblies (e.g. PD-0B302-W-120) are
available from www.PiezoDrive.com
The auxiliary signals connector is a 9-way DSUB receptacle which suits any 9-way male DSUB plug.
The signals and pin layout are shown in Figure 4 and Table 6.
Figure 4. Front view of auxiliary signals connector
Signal
Pin
Function
Input+
1
Input signal
Input-
2
Ground for input signal
Voltage Monitor
3
Voltage monitor
Current Monitor
4
Current monitor
Ground
5
Ground
Shutdown
6
+2V to +20V disables the amplifier
Shutdown Monitor
7
+5V when the amplifier is shutdown
NC
8, 9
Not connected
Table 6. Auxiliary signals pinout
11 Signal Path
Figure 5. Signal path with switches in default positions.
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
7
9
K
-1
Input
Power Amplifier
See Table 1 for Gain
Invert
Switch
Extra Gain
Switch
Gain Pot
Voltage
Limits
Output
Offset Pot
Offset Knob
zero
Offset
Switch

PX200 V5 Manual 13 13/05/2022
12 Voltage Limits
The output voltage range can be restricted to an arbitrary positive and negative value using two
potentiometers on the front panel. To set the voltage limit:
•Remove loads connected to the outputs
•Apply a 100-Hz sine wave to the input of channel 1 with an amplitude that covers the full range
of the amplifier. For example, with a 0V to +200V model, apply a 0V to +10V input.
•Measure the output voltage of channel 1 with an oscilloscope and confirm the full voltage
range is achieved. If there is any clipping of the sine wave, the voltage limits may have already
been set, and may need resetting by winding the potentiometers in the direction of the
arrows.
•To limit either the negative or the positive voltage, turn the potentiometer in the opposite
direction to the arrow, until the voltage is limited to the desired level.
13 Overload and Shutdown
The amplifier is protected against short-circuit, over-current, and excessive temperature. During
these conditions, the front panel overload indicator will illuminate, and the Shutdown Monitor signal
is +5V.
During an overload or shutdown state, the output is partially disabled and may float at approximately
50% of the voltage range.
When the amplifier is switched on, the overload protection circuit is engaged by default and clears
after three seconds.
The amplifier can be shut down by an external source by applying a voltage of between +2V and +24V
to the Shutdown input. The impedance of the shutdown input is approximately 5 kΩ.
14 Bias Outputs and Piezo Benders
The bias outputs are labelled HV+ and HV- on the front-panel screw terminals. The output voltages
are fixed at the maximum output voltages of the amplifier and are not affected by the voltage limit
potentiometers. For example, a PX200-N100-P100 (with a +/-100V output range) will output +100V
and -100V on HV+ and HV- respectively. For amplifier configurations where the HV- output is zero
(e.g. PX200-P200), it is preferable to use ground rather than the HV- output.
The bias outputs provide a small DC output current of approximately 30mA; however, they can
source or sink large AC currents, which is ideal for driving piezoelectric actuators. Bender actuators
can be driven with a single or dual bias voltage.

PX200 V5 Manual 14 13/05/2022
The most common bender actuators are parallel-poled and driven using the ‘biased unipolar’ or
‘three-wire’ configuration [1], as shown in Figure 6.
Figure 6. Parallel-poled bender driven in the biased unipolar configuration [1].
A zero volt input results in +150V across the top piezo layer and maximum upward deflection. A 7.5V
input results in +150V across the bottom piezo layer and maximum downward deflection. The
deflection can be represented by
    
 
where  is the peak-to-peak displacement of the bender.
To reduce the maximum DC voltage, a negative bias voltage can be used, as shown in Figure 7.
Figure 7. 200V Parallel-poled bender driven with dual bias sources.
In Figure 7, the deflection is
  
 
where  is the peak-to-peak displacement of the bender.
References
[1] A New Electrical Configuration for Improving the Range of Piezoelectric Bimorph Benders; S. A.
Rios, A. J. Fleming; Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 2015.
+150 Vdc

Parallel-poled bender, e.g.
Thorlabs PB4NB2W or
PiezoDrive BA6020
Ground
PX200-P150
HV+
CH1 Out
Ground
CH1 In
0 to +150V
0 to 7.5V
+100 Vdc

200V parallel-poled bender,
e.g. Noliac CMBR02
-100 Vdc
PX200-N100-P100
HV+
CH1 Out
HV-
CH1 In
+/-100 V
+/-5V

PX200 V5 Manual 15 13/05/2022
15 Bridged Mode
In bridged mode, the load is connected between the outputs of two amplifiers, which doubles the
output voltage span and power. Grounded loads cannot be driven using bridged mode. Care should
be taken not to connect the negative side to ground accidentally, for example, by using a grounded
oscilloscope probe.
Figure 8 shows how two amplifiers are connected to achieve +/-200V across a load. A +/-10V signal is
applied to both amplifiers, and the bottom amplifier is configured in inverting mode. The total voltage
across the load is +/-200V and the effective gain is twice the gain of a single amplifier. Common
bridged-mode configurations are listed in Table 7.
The current limits in bridge mode are identical to normal operation. The power bandwidth calculator
can also be used for predicting bridge-mode performance by entering the total voltage across the
load. For the example in Figure 8, the total peak-to-peak output voltage is 400V. When entering this
value to the calculator, an error will be shown since 400V is greater than the voltage span of a single
amplifier; however, the calculator output is remains valid.
Figure 8. Bridge mode configuration for obtaining 200V
Load Voltage
RMS Current
Non-Inverting Amp
Inverting Amp
200V
1.5 A
PX200-N100-P100
PX200-N100-P100
100V
3.1 A
PX200-N50-P50
PX200-N50-P50
0V to 200V
3.1 A
PX200-P100
PX200-N100
0V to 300V
2.1 A
PX200-P150
PX200-N150
0V to 400V
1.5 A
PX200-P200
PX200-N200
Table 7. Common bridge-mode configurations
10
-10
Signal
Generator
+
10V
100V
100V
200V
Non-inverting
Inverting
Voltage across load
PX200-N100-P100
PX200-N100-P100

PX200 V5 Manual 16 13/05/2022
16 Rack Mounting
The PX200 can be installed in a 19-inch x 2U rack space using the single unit rack kit
(order code: SingleRackKit-2U).
Two amplifiers can also be installed in a side-by-side configuration using the double unit rack kit
(order code: DoubleRackKit-2U). The double rack kit is assembled in the factory and includes coupling
screws for the enclosure, the same handles as the single rack kit, and
Figure 9. Single rack kit, showing the amplifier on left, and the rack adaptor on right.
17 Delivery Contents
•PX200 amplifier with plug-in screw terminal installed
•IEC C13 power cable, suited to the shipping destination
18 Warranty
PiezoDrive amplifiers are guaranteed for 12 months from the date of delivery. The warranty does not
cover damage due to misuse.