Rainforest Automation EMU-2 User manual

EMU-2™
Energy Monitoring Unit
Technical Manual
Version 1.05
Sept 2014

EMU-2™
Technical Manual
2
Copyright © 2014 by RAINFOREST AUTOMATION, INC (“RFA”). All rights reserved.
No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any from without the expressed,
written permission of RFA.
Under copyright law, this manual or the software described within, cannot be copied, in whole or part,
without the written consent of the manufacturer, except in the normal use of the software to make a
backup copy. The same proprietary and copyright notices must be affixed to any permitted copies as
were affixed to the original. This exception does not allow copies to be made for others, whether or not
sold, but all of the material purchased (with all backup copies) can be sold, given, or loaned to another
person. Under the law, copying includes translating into another language or format.
Rainforest Automation may have patents, patent applications, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual
property rights covering subject matter in this document. Except as expressly provided in any written
license agreement from Rainforest Automation, the furnishing of this document does not give you any
license to these patents, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property.
Trademarks
Third-party brands and company names mentioned herein may be trademarks and/or registered
trademarks of their respective companies and are the sole property of their respective manufacturers.
Notice
The author(s) assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions that may appear in this document nor
does it make a commitment to update the information contained herein.

EMU-2™
Technical Manual
3
EMU-2™–Energy Monitoring Unit
RFA-Z105-2
Version 1.05
Technical Manual
Table of Contents
Regulatory information.................................................................................................4
About This Manual........................................................................................................5
About the EMU-2™........................................................................................................6
Supported Clusters......................................................................................................6
Startup Procedure.........................................................................................................8
Diagnostic Mode..........................................................................................................10
Diagnostic Mode Navigation Flowchart......................................................................11
EMU-2™ Diagnostic Mode Screens..........................................................................12
Hard Reset.......................................................................................................12
Device ID.........................................................................................................12
Link Key...........................................................................................................12
Device Info.......................................................................................................12
Hard Reset...................................................................................................................13
Connecting to the Serial Port.....................................................................................14
Firmware Update.........................................................................................................17
LED indication (TOU build).........................................................................................19
LED indication (Demand build)..................................................................................20
Prepay Support ...........................................................................................................21
Price Input Options.....................................................................................................23
Manual Input..............................................................................................................23
Text Message Input...................................................................................................23
Meter Input ................................................................................................................24
Serial Port Input.........................................................................................................24

EMU-2™
Technical Manual
4
Regulatory information
FCC Notices
This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
(1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference
received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. Changes or modifications not
expressly approved by the manufacturer could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.
FCC/IC RF Exposure Statement
This equipment complies with FCC and Industry Canada radiation exposure limits set forth for an
uncontrolled environment. The antenna(s) used for this equipment must be installed to provide a
separation distance of at least 8 inches (20cm) from all persons.
ICES-003 Compliance
This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.
Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device,
pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against
harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio
frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful
interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a
particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception,
which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the
interference by one or more of the following measures:
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is
connected.
Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
Compliance Regulations For Australia and New Zealand
This equipment complies with the C-Tick labeling requirements for Australia and in New Zealand. As a
radio transmitter, this device complies with the requirements of AS/NZS 4268:2008 as designated in the
Radiocommunications (Short Range Devices) Standard 2004 for Australia and as required by the
Radiocommunications Regulations (General Users Radio License for Short Range Devices) Notice 2011
for New Zealand. This device is a Category A device as defined in the Radiocommunications
(Compliance Labeling - Electromagnetic Radiation) Notice 2003.

EMU-2™
Technical Manual
5
About This Manual
This manual is intended for those needing detailed technical information about the
EMU-2™product, such as customer support engineers and laboratory and field
engineers performing evaluations and trials involving the EMU-2™. This manual is a
companion to the EMU-2™ User Manual, and both documents should be consulted.
None of the information contained in this manual should be required by the average
consumer to operate the EMU-2™product under normal conditions.

EMU-2™
Technical Manual
6
About the EMU-2™
The EMU-2™is a ZigBee endpoint that acts as an In-Home Display. It implements the
ZigBee Smart Energy Profile 1.1. The supported clusters are shown below.
The Active Mode and Configuration Mode screens are described in detail in the
EMU-2™ User Manual. This manual provides information about Diagnostic Mode,
which is not intended to be used by non-technical users.
Supported Clusters
…continued on next page
Cluster
Cluster
ID
Client/
Server
Commands
Cmd
ID
Attribute
Set
AttSet
ID
Attributes read
Attribute
ID
Option
Basic 0x0000 Server Mandatory Commands
Identify 0x0003 Server Mandatory Commands
Time 0x0000
TimeStatus 0x0001
LocalTime 0x0007
Key
Establishment
0x0800
Client/
Server
Mandatory Commands
GetProfile 0x00
EndTime
Status
ProfileIntervalPeriod
NumberOfPeriodsDelivered
Intervals
CurrentSummationDelivered 0x00
CurrentSummationRec eived 0x01
CurrentBlockPeriodConsumptionDelivered 0x0c
Block Price
Meter
Status
0x02 Status 0x00
UnitofMeasure 0x00
Multiplier 0x01
Divisor 0x02
SummationFormatting 0x03
DemandFormatting 0x04
MeteringDeviceType 0x06
Historical
Consumption
0x04 InstantaneousDemand 0x00
Time
0x000a
Client
Read Attributes
0x00
Formatting
0x03
Reading
Information
0x00
Simple
Metering
0x0702
Client
GetProfileResponse
(received)
0x00
Read Attributes
0x00

EMU-2™
Technical Manual
7
Cluster
Cluster
ID
Client/
Server
Commands
Cmd
ID
Attribute
Set
AttSet
ID
Attributes read
Attribute
ID
Option
GetCurrentPric e 0x00
GetSceduledPrices 0x01
PriceAcknowledgement 0x02
Rate Label
Currency
Price Trailing Digit and Tier
Number Of Price Tiers & Register Tier
Start Time
Duration
Price
Number Of Bloc k Thresholds
Block Price
Price Control
Tier1PriceLabel 0x00
Tier2PriceLabel 0x01
Tier3PriceLabel 0x02
Tier4PriceLabel 0x03
Tier5PriceLabel 0x04
Tier6PriceLabel 0x05
Tier7PriceLabel 0x06
Block1Threshold 0x00
Block2Threshold 0x01
Block3Threshold 0x02
Block4Threshold 0x03
Block5Threshold 0x04
Block Period 0x02 StartOfBlockPeriod 0x00
BlockPeriodDuration (minutes) 0x01
ThresholdMultiplier 0x02
ThresholdDivisor 0x03
Commodity 0x03 Standing Charge 0x01
NoTierBlock1Price 0x00
NoTierBlock2Price 0x01
NoTierBlock3Price 0x02
NoTierBlock4Price 0x03
NoTierBlock5Price 0x04
CurrentBillingPeriodStart 0x00
CurrentBillingPeriodDuration 0x01
GetLastMessage 0x00
Message Confirmation 0x01
MessageID
MessageControl
MessageID
MessageControl
StartTime
Duration
Message
Payment Control 0x00
Credit Remaining 0x01
Credit Status 0x03
only enabled for prepayment support
Prepay
only enabled if Price Labels are used instead of Rate Label
Price Label
only enabled for block pricing support
Block Price
0x00
PublishPrice
(received)
0x0703
Prepayment
Attributes
Client
0x0700
Attributes
Price
Message
0x0703
Cancel Message
(received)
0x00
Client
Prepay
0x00
DisplayMessage
(received)
Client
Prepayment
Information
Set
0x01
Price Label
0x00
Block Price
Block
Threshold
0x01
0x04
Block Price
Information
Billing
Information
0x07
Tier Label

EMU-2™
Technical Manual
8
Startup Procedure
Once the EMU-2™has successfully completed its initialization procedures, the display
will show the Startup screen. Normally, this is the Rainforest Automation logo:
Then the Joining Procedure will begin.
The procedure is as follows:
Send Beacon Request, and look for a device that has the 'join' flag enabled in its
beacon.
After joining the network, wait for the Coordinator to send the network key
encrypted with our link key (derived from the install code).
Look for the Key Establishment Cluster using match descriptor.
Perform Key Exchange.
If successful, look for the time cluster and the metering cluster.
If successful, ask for time. The time needs to be a valid value.
If successful, ask for metering, pricing, and messaging.
The flowchart for this procedure is shown below, along with the output screens that are
displayed during the procedure:

EMU-2™
Technical Manual
9
The Joining Procedure is repeated continuously, cycling through all the channels (11-
26), looking for candidates to join.
It is important that the device not be restarted during the Joining Procedure. This has
unpredictable results, and may cause the device to be decommissioned, as if it had
performed a Hard Reset.
For each Channel 11 up to 26
Send Beacon Request
Receive Beacons, make list of
Candidates
For each Candidate
Try to Join
Key Exchange
Joined? Y
Success?
Get Meter Data
Success?
Y
Y
N
Next Candidate
N
N
Next Channel
Start Again
Exit
Active
Mode
Searching for
meters
ConnectingtoMeter
PleaseWait...

EMU-2™
Technical Manual
10
Diagnostic Mode
Diagnostic Mode provides a number of screens that give you technical details about the
EMU-2™, and also provide access to advanced functions, such as Hard Reset and
Firmware Update.
To get into Diagnostic Mode, you must first put the EMU-2™into Configuration Mode.
This is done by pressing and releasing both buttons simultaneously (note that this
should not be attempted until the EMU-2™has successfully connected to the smart
meter). Once in Configuration Mode, hold down both buttons for at least five seconds.
When the buttons are released, Diagnostic Mode will be initiated.
Note that the unit will automatically return to Active Mode after one minute of inactivity.

EMU-2™
Technical Manual
11
Diagnostic Mode Navigation Flowchart
Configuration
Mode Sleep Mode
any
button
both
buttons
4 minutes inactivity
Active
Mode
hold both buttons
for5 seconds,
release
Diagnostic
Mode
Hard Reset
screen
Top
Button Disconnect
frommeter
Deviceinfo
screen
any button
BottomButton
DeviceID
screen
any button
LinkKey
screen
any button
1 minute inactivity
1minute
inactivity

EMU-2™
Technical Manual
12
EMU-2™ Diagnostic Mode Screens
Hard Reset
The Hard Reset screen allows you to perform
a Hard Reset by pressing the Top Button.
Pressing the Bottom Button sends you to the
Device ID screen.
Device ID
The Device ID screen shows the Install Code
(IN) and MAC Address (MAC) for this
particular device. Both are 16 digit hex
numbers. Pressing any button sends you to
the Link Key screen.
Link Key
The Link Key screen shows the
Preconfigured Link Key for this EMU-2™. It
consists of 16 pairs of hex digits. Pressing
any button sends you to the Device Info
screen.
Device Info
The Device Info screen shows the revision
number of the firmware (FW) installed on the
device, as well as the hardware version (HW)
of the EMU-2™. Pressing any button sends
you to Active Mode.
Link Key
78:af:a4:da:a3:e9:0b:24
9d:15:20:0e:da:a8:74:d2
DeviceID
IN:ee6d785b8006db6d
MAC:00158d00001a56d7
DeviceInfo
HW: 3.0.1
FW: 1.2.12 (3094)
Hard Reset?
Reset 
Skip 

EMU-2™
Technical Manual
13
Hard Reset
A Hard Reset will erase all existing data and configurations on the EMU-2™. The device
will be decommissioned and will not be able to immediately rejoin the smart meter. The
smart meter will not allow the EMU-2™to join until the meter has also decommissioned
the EMU-2™, and then reregistered EMU-2™for joining.
A Hard Reset can be initiated from the Hard Reset screen in Diagnostic Mode (see the
previous section, “Diagnostic Mode”). Selecting “Reset” (Top Button) in the Hard Reset
screen brings up the following screen that confirms that you intend to perform a Hard
Reset and disconnect from the meter:
Pressing “Cancel” (Bottom Button) will abort the process and send you to Active Mode.
Pressing the Top Button will erase all existing data and configurations, disconnect from
the meter, and reset the EMU-2™.
Are you sure?
Disconnectfrom meter 
Cancel 

EMU-2™
Technical Manual
14
Connecting to the Serial Port
You can connect your Windows computer to the EMU-2™ serial port. This will allow
you to access the real time meter data directly, and will also let you program in complex
pricing structures, and even update the internal firmware to enable new features.
The serial port is a Mini USB port, found above the power socket on the side of the
EMU-2™. You will need a cable (like those typically used for digital cameras) to
connect this port on the EMU-2™ to the USB port of your Windows computer.
Your computer should be running Windows 7 or greater. It must also have the .NET
Framework (ver 2.0 or greater) installed. If .NET is not installed on your computer, you
will be prompted to download it during the software installation procedure.
Before connecting the EMU-2™ to your computer, you will need to install the Personal
Meter Reader™ software.
Go to the link: http://www.rainforestautomation.com/raven_support
Click on the Personal Meter Reader™ link to download the software.
Save the .ZIP file when prompted. Extract the files in the .ZIP folder. Double click on
the application file named “setup.exe”.
Note that this installation requires that you have the necessary permissions to install
programs on your hard drive. You may need Power User/Admin permissions.
You must agree to run the install when you are prompted to do so. You will see the
Welcome screen for the Setup Wizard. Click on “Next” and follow the onscreen
directions to complete the installation of the software.
When the software installation is complete, there will be a new icon on
your desktop that is a shortcut to the Personal Meter Reader™software.
Launch the application by double clicking on the icon. After a moment
you will see the Personal Meter Reader™window.

EMU-2™
Technical Manual
15
Ensure that the EMU-2™ is powered only by its AC adapter, and there are no batteries
installed; power from the batteries may interfere with operation of the USB port.
Connect the device to your computer using the Mini USB cable. When the EMU-2™is
plugged in for the first time, the device drivers have to be installed. This should be done
automatically by Windows. If, for some reason, Windows is unable to find the drivers,
you will need to install them manually. The drivers are available for download at:
http://www.rainforestautomation.com/developer.
In the Personal Meter Reader™program, click the blue button to the left of
“Connection” to expand the box.

EMU-2™
Technical Manual
16
You will see the Serial Port connection information.
(a) Select the serial COM port corresponding to the USB port you have plugged the
EMU-2™ into. You may have to check with your Windows Device Manager to
determine this.
(b) Click the “Connect USB” button to initiate the connection. You should see the
“speedometer” screen pop up.
(c) Click the green “RAVEn” tab to get back to the device information. You should see
that the “Disconnect USB” button is now highlighted in blue, and the “Connect USB”
button is greyed out. After a few moments, the “Registration” box should display
the MAC Address and Install Code for the device.
Your computer is now communicating with the EMU-2™.
a b
c

EMU-2™
Technical Manual
17
Firmware Update
A Firmware Update will replace all of the application code contained in the program
memory of the EMU-2™. The update code is loaded into the EMU-2™ using the serial
port and the Personal Meter Reader™software. You will need to follow the directions
in the previous section, “Connecting to the Serial Port”.
Once your computer is connected to the EMU-2™, click the “Home” tab at the top of the
Personal Meter Reader™screen, and select “Firmware”.
The “Firmware Update” window should pop up.
(a) Click the button to the right of the “Firmware File” field. You should be able to
browse to the .zigbee file that contains the updated code image. Once you have
selected it, the file name should appear in the “Firmware File” field.
(b) Click the “Check File” button. You will see several lines of info appear in the lower
half of the window, ending with, “Check File complete.”
a
b

EMU-2™
Technical Manual
18
If the EMU-2™ is joined to a meter, then press one of the buttons until the Current Time
screen is shown. If it is not joined to a meter, the EMU-2™ will be very busy trying to
find and connect; this will slow down the communication on the serial port. To prevent
this, put the EMU-2™ into Configuration Mode by simultaneously pressing and
releasing both buttons. This will temporarily halt the meter search activity until it times
out after 1 minute. If you keep the unit in Configuration Mode, it will speed up the
download of the Firmware Update.
Click the “Start Update” button in the “Firmware Update” window. You will see the line,
“Update Firmware Started” appear in the lower half of the window. The progress bar
across the center of the window will fill over and over, many times. It will take at least
16 minutes to load the new firmware. Do not unplug the device during this process.
When the download is done, the message, “Firmware download complete; switching to
new firmware” will appear at the bottom of the window. The device will then be reset,
and the new firmware version will be verified. When you see the message, “Firmware is
x.x.xx…”, then the process is complete.

EMU-2™
Technical Manual
19
LED indication (TOU build)
The EMU-2™has three Indicator LED Lights
arranged in a “stoplight” pattern; that is, red at the
top, yellow in the middle, and green at the bottom.
When the EMU-2™firmware is factory-configured
for a TOU build, these lights indicate the current
price tier. There can be up to 7 price tiers. For most
tiers, a single light will be on.
The top tier is always considered Critical Peak, and
is indicated by a double flash of the Red LED every
3 seconds.
If the number of tiers is 1 or 0, or if the price tier has not been set, then none of the
Indicator LED Lights will be on.
# of
tiers
tier 1
tier 2
tier 3
tier 4
tier 5
tier 6
tier 7
7
green
green
yellow
yellow
red
red
flashing red
6
green
green
yellow
yellow
red
flashing red
5
green
yellow
red
red
flashing red
4
green
yellow
red
flashing red
3
green
yellow
flashing red
2
green
flashing red
1
0
If the price is set manually using the Set Rate screen, none of the Indicator LED Lights
will be on while the manually set price is in effect.
Note that the Indicator LED Lights are also used to indicate that a new text message
has been received. In that case, the Red and Yellow LEDs will flash alternatively.

EMU-2™
Technical Manual
20
LED indication (Demand build)
The EMU-2™has three Indicator LED Lights
arranged in a “stoplight” pattern; that is, red at the
top, yellow in the middle, and green at the bottom.
When the EMU-2™firmware is factory-configured
for a Demand build, these lights indicate the current
rate of demand for power (in kW) relative to a
baseline.
The baseline is initially set to 0.5 kW, but can be
changed while in the Current Usage screen. To set
the baseline:
Navigate to the Current Usage screen using the device control buttons.
Adjust your usage by switching loads in your house on or off, until the Current
Usage screen shows the value you want to use for the baseline.
Press and hold the Top Button for 5 seconds. You should see all three Indicator
LED Lights come on together. This indicates that the baseline has been set to
the current usage rate shown on the screen.
After that, the Green light will be on when the current consumption rate is below the
baseline. When consumption is at the baseline rate or greater (up to 5x the baseline
rate), the Yellow light will be on. When consumption is more than 5x the baseline rate,
the Red light will be on.