RFL Electronics GARD 8000 User manual

April 1, 2010 i 973.334.3100
INSTRUCTION MANUAL
GARD 8000 DISTANCE RELAY MODULE
(This manual should always be used in conjunction with the GARD 8000 System Instructional Manual)
NOTICE
GARD 8000 Distance Relay RFL Electronics Inc.
The information in this manual is proprietary and confidential to RFL Electronics Inc. Any reproduction
or distribution of this manual, in whole or part, is expressly prohibited, unless written permission is given
by RFL Electronics Inc.
This manual has been compiled and checked for accuracy. The information in this manual does not
constitute a warranty of performance. RFL Electronics Inc. reserves the right to revise this manual and
make changes to its contents from time to time. We assume no liability for losses incurred as a result of
out-of-date or incorrect information contained in this manual.
RFL Electronics Inc.
353 Powerville Road ●Boonton Twp., NJ 07005-9151 USA
Tel: [phone] ●Fax: [phone]
Email: [email protected] ●www.rflelect.com
Publication Number MC8000DIS
Printed in U.S.A.
April 1, 2010

GARD 8000 Distance Relay RFL Electronics Inc.
WARRANTY
The GARD 8000 Distance Relay comes with a ten-year warranty from date of shipment for replacement of any part, which
fails during normal operation. RFL will repair or, at its option, replace components that prove to be defective at no cost to
the Customer. All equipment returned to RFL Electronics Inc. must have an RMA (Return Material Authorization) number,
obtained by calling the RFL Customer Service Department. A defective part should be returned to the factory, shipping
charges prepaid, for repair or replacement FOB Boonton, N.J.
RFL Electronics Inc. is not responsible for warranty of peripherals, such as printers and external computers. The warranty
for such devices is as stated by the original equipment manufacturer. If you have purchased peripheral equipment not
manufactured by RFL, follow the written instructions supplied with that equipment for warranty information and how to
obtain service. WARRANTY STATEMENT
The GARD 8000 product family is warranted against defects in material and workmanship for ten years from the date of
shipment. During the warranty period, RFL will repair or, at its option, replace components that prove to be defective at no
cost to the customer, except the one-way shipping cost of the failed assembly to the RFL Customer Service facility in
Boonton, New Jersey. RFL warrants product repair from one-year from the date of repair or the balance of the original
warranty, whichever is longer.
This warranty does not apply if the equipment has been damaged by accident, neglect, misuse, or causes other than
performed or authorized by RFL Electronics Inc.
This warranty specifically excludes damage incurred in shipment to or from RFL. In the event an item is received in
damaged condition, the carrier should be notified immediately. All claims for such damage should be filed with the carrier.
NOTE
If you do not intend to use the product immediately, it is recommended that it be opened immediately after receiving and
inspected for proper operation and signs of impact damage.
This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, whether expressed, implied or statutory, including but not limited to implied
warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. In no event shall RFL be liable, whether in contract, in
tort, or on any other basis, for any damages sustained by the customer or any other person arising from or related to loss of
use, failure or interruption in the operation of any products, or delay in maintenance or for incidental, consequential,
indirect, or special damages or liabilities, or for loss of revenue, loss of business, or other financial loss arising out of or in
connection with the sale, lease, maintenance, use, performance, failure, or interruption of the products.
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GARD 8000 Distance Relay RFL Electronics Inc.
Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................................................................... III
TABLE OF FIGURES ..............................................................................................................................................V
LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................................................................VII
WARNING LABELS AND SAFETY SUMMARY ....................................................................................................IX
SECTION 1. PRODUCT INFORMATION ............................................................................................................ 1-1
SECTION 2. GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND OVERVIEW ............................................................................... 2-1
2.1 DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................................................................................... 2-1
2.2 GENERAL OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................................................ 2-1
SECTION 3. SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS .......................................................................................................... 3-1
SECTION 4. DISTANCE RELAY OPERATING TIMES....................................................................................... 4-1
SECTION 5. STANDARDS AND TYPE TESTS .................................................................................................. 5-1
SECTION 6. CONFIGURATION .......................................................................................................................... 6-1
6.1 SYSTEM CONFIGURATION OVERVIEW .................................................................................................................................. 6-1
6.2 HARDWARE CONFIGURATION................................................................................................................................................. 6-1
6.3 LOGIC SIGNALS AVAILABLE FROM THE DISTANCE PROTECTION MODULE............................................................... 6-8
SECTION 7. DISTANCE RELAY SETTINGS ...................................................................................................... 7-1
7.1 GENERAL SETTINGS................................................................................................................................................................... 7-1
7.2 LINE PROTECTION SYSTEM SETTINGS .................................................................................................................................. 7-2
7.3 DISTANCE ELEMENTS................................................................................................................................................................ 7-7
7.4 CURRENT ELEMENTS............................................................................................................................................................... 7-15
7.5 RECLOSER AND SYNC CHECK ............................................................................................................................................... 7-24
7.6 BREAKER FAILURE................................................................................................................................................................... 7-27
7.7 VOLTAGE ELEMENTS............................................................................................................................................................... 7-28
7.8 FAULT RECORDER (DFR)......................................................................................................................................................... 7-30
7.9 OSCILLOGRAPHY MASK.......................................................................................................................................................... 7-31
7.10 SOE MASK ................................................................................................................................................................................. 7-33
SECTION 8. DISTANCE RELAY SETTING EXAMPLES .................................................................................... 8-1
8.1 GARD 8000 21L SETTING EXAMPLES – STEPPED DISTANCE ............................................................................................. 8-1
8.2 GARD 8000 21L SETTING EXAMPLES – DIRECTIONAL COMPARISON BLOCKING...................................................... 8-13
SECTION 9. DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION ................................................................................................... 9-1
9.1 DISTANCE ELEMENTS................................................................................................................................................................ 9-1
9.2 NON-PILOT AND PILOT SCHEMES ......................................................................................................................................... 9-15
9.3 PHASE SELECTOR ..................................................................................................................................................................... 9-28
9.4 FAULT DETECTOR..................................................................................................................................................................... 9-29
9.5 LOSS-OF-POTENTIAL BLOCK.................................................................................................................................................. 9-29
9.6 OPEN POLE LOGIC..................................................................................................................................................................... 9-30
9.7 CLOSE-INTO-FAULT.................................................................................................................................................................. 9-31
9.8 LOAD ENCHROACHMENT ....................................................................................................................................................... 9-33
9.9 POWER SWING BLOCK UNIT .................................................................................................................................................. 9-33
9.10 REMOTE OPEN BREAKER DETECTION............................................................................................................................... 9-35
9.11 OVERCURRENT ELEMENTS .................................................................................................................................................. 9-37
9.12 DIRECTIONAL UNITS.............................................................................................................................................................. 9-55
9.13 DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT PILOT SCHEMES............................................................................................................. 9-61
9.14 STUB BUS PROTECTION......................................................................................................................................................... 9-62
9.15 BROKEN CONDUCTOR (PHASE UNBALANCE) UNIT (46)................................................................................................ 9-63
9.16 THERMAL IMAGE UNIT.......................................................................................................................................................... 9-63
9.17 VOLTAGE UNITS...................................................................................................................................................................... 9-65
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GARD 8000 Distance Relay RFL Electronics Inc.
9.18 FREQUENCY UNITS (81) ......................................................................................................................................................... 9-68
9.19 BREAKER FAILURE RELAY UNIT ........................................................................................................................................ 9-70
9.20 SYNCH CHECK UNIT............................................................................................................................................................... 9-72
9.21 POLE DISCORDANCE .............................................................................................................................................................. 9-74
9.22 TRIP LOGIC ............................................................................................................................................................................... 9-75
9.23 RECLOSING UNIT .................................................................................................................................................................... 9-76
9.24 BREAKER SUPERVISION FUNCTIONS................................................................................................................................. 9-84
9.25 SERIES COMPENSATED APPLICATIONS............................................................................................................................. 9-85
SECTION 10. SEQUENCE OF EVENTS REPORTS AND FAULT RECORDING........................................... 10-1
10.1 MEASURED VALUES, TRIP STATUS, SEQUENCE OF EVENTS AND FAULT RECORDS ............................................. 10-1
10.2 MEASURED VALUES AND TRIP STATUS............................................................................................................................ 10-1
10.3 FAULT LOCATOR................................................................................................................................................................... 10-13
SECTION 11. DISTANCE RELAY LOGIC PROGRAMMING........................................................................... 11-1
11.1 OVERVIEW................................................................................................................................................................................ 11-1
11.2 FACTORY DEFAULT PROGRAMMING................................................................................................................................. 11-1
11.3 INPUTS ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 11-1
11.4 OUTPUTS ................................................................................................................................................................................... 11-4
11.5 ZIVERCOM ................................................................................................................................................................................ 11-6
11.6 DISTANCE MODULE COMPLETE SIGNAL LIST............................................................................................................... 11-24
SECTION 12. DISTANCE RELAY COMMISSIONING ...................................................................................... 12-1
12.1 EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS............................................................................................................................................... 12-1
12.2 POWER CONNECTIONS .......................................................................................................................................................... 12-2
12.3 BOOT-UP PROGRESS ............................................................................................................................................................... 12-2
12.4 ETHERNET CONNECTION...................................................................................................................................................... 12-3
12.5 LOGIC/SOFTWARE VERIFICATION...................................................................................................................................... 12-3
12.6 DISTANCE RELAY WIRING VERIFICATION ....................................................................................................................... 12-4
12.7 DISTANCE RELAY CONFIGURATION SETTINGS VERIFICATION.................................................................................. 12-5
12.8 NOMINAL VOLTAGE AND CURRENT VERIFICATION ..................................................................................................... 12-6
12.9 INPUT/OUTPUT MAPPING VERIFICATION ......................................................................................................................... 12-7
12.10 LED LOGIC ASSIGNMENTS VERIFICATION ..................................................................................................................... 12-9
12.11 SYSTEM CONFIGURATION VERIFICATION ..................................................................................................................... 12-9
12.12 DISTANCE RELAY FUNCTIONAL TESTING.................................................................................................................... 12-10
SECTION 13. INDEX .........................................................................................................................................13-1
SECTION 14. APPLICATION NOTES ...............................................................................................................14-1
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GARD 8000 Distance Relay RFL Electronics Inc.
Table of Figures
Figure 4-1. Three Phase Operating Times............................................................................................................................. 4-1
Figure 4-2. Two Phase Operating Times ............................................................................................................................... 4-1
Figure 4-3. Single Phase Operating Times ............................................................................................................................ 4-2
Figure 6-1. Front and Rear views of 3U chassis with Distance Relay (Typical) ..................................................................... 6-2
Figure 6-2. External connections for the 3U chassis.............................................................................................................. 6-2
Figure 6-3. Input Mapping web page ..................................................................................................................................... 6-3
Figure 6-4. Output Mapping web page .................................................................................................................................. 6-4
Figure 6-5. Distance relay rear connections .......................................................................................................................... 6-4
Figure 6-6. AC Schematic for GARD 8000 Distance Protection ............................................................................................ 6-5
Figure 6-7. Distance Relay Inputs, schematic diagram.......................................................................................................... 6-6
Figure 6-8. Distance Relay Outputs, schematic diagram ....................................................................................................... 6-7
Figure 8-1. Trip Mask Enable and Element Enable (Stepped Distance) ................................................................................ 8-3
Figure 8-2. Trip Mask Enable and Element Enable (Directional Comparison Blocking)....................................................... 8-14
Figure 8-3. Directional Comparison Blocking (DCB) Distance Relay Scheme..................................................................... 8-27
Figure 8-4. Directional Comparison Blocking (DCB) Directional Overcurrent Scheme ........................................................ 8-28
Figure 9-1. MHO Phase-Ground Characteristic (I)................................................................................................................. 9-3
Figure 9-2. Mho Phase-Ground Characteristic (II) ................................................................................................................. 9-4
Figure 9-3. Phase-Phase Mho Characteristic (I).................................................................................................................... 9-5
Figure 9-4. Reactance Characteristic (I) ................................................................................................................................9-7
Figure 9-5. Reactance Characteristic (II) ............................................................................................................................... 9-8
Figure 9-6. Directional Unit .................................................................................................................................................... 9-9
Figure 9-7. Resistive Blinder................................................................................................................................................ 9-10
Figure 9-8. AG Distance Element Operational Logic ........................................................................................................... 9-12
Figure 9-9. AB Distance Element Operational Logic............................................................................................................ 9-13
Figure 9-10. Zone Logic....................................................................................................................................................... 9-15
Figure 9-11. Stepped Distance Logic................................................................................................................................... 9-15
Figure 9-12. Zone 1 Extension............................................................................................................................................. 9-16
Figure 9-13. Permissive Underreach Transfer Trip (PUTT) ................................................................................................. 9-17
Figure 9-14. PUTT ............................................................................................................................................................... 9-18
Figure 9-15. Direct Transfer Trip (DTT) ............................................................................................................................... 9-19
Figure 9-16. Permissive Overreach Transfer Trip (POTT) ................................................................................................... 9-19
Figure 9-17. Permissive Overreach ..................................................................................................................................... 9-20
Figure 9-18. Directional Comparison Blocking With Directional Carrier TX ......................................................................... 9-21
Figure 9-19. Directional Comparison Blocking..................................................................................................................... 9-22
Figure 9-20. Directional Comparison Unblocking................................................................................................................. 9-23
Figure 9-21. Directional Comparison Unblocking Diagram .................................................................................................. 9-24
Figure 9-22. Transient Block Logic ...................................................................................................................................... 9-25
Figure 9-23. Transient Block Logic ...................................................................................................................................... 9-25
Figure 9-24. Transient Block Logic Diagram........................................................................................................................ 9-25
Figure 9-25. Weak Infeed Logic........................................................................................................................................... 9-27
Figure 9-26. Phase selector................................................................................................................................................. 9-28
Figure 9-27. Loss-of-Potential Block .................................................................................................................................... 9-29
Figure 9-28. Open Pole Logic with Individual 52b Inputs ..................................................................................................... 9-30
Figure 9-29. Open Pole Logic with One Common 52b Input................................................................................................ 9-31
Figure 9-30. Close-Into-Fault Block Diagram....................................................................................................................... 9-32
Figure 9-31. Load Encroachment Characteristic.................................................................................................................. 9-33
Figure 9-32. Power swing Unit............................................................................................................................................. 9-34
Figure 9-33. Open breaker detector..................................................................................................................................... 9-36
Figure 9-34. Minimum Operating Time for time overcurrent curve....................................................................................... 9-39
Figure 9-35. Minimum Operating Time when set Fixed Time exceeds curve time delay at 1.5 x pick-up............................ 9-39
Figure 9-36. ANSI Moderately Inverse................................................................................................................................. 9-40
Figure 9-37. ANSI Inverse ................................................................................................................................................... 9-41
Figure 9-38. ANSI Very Inverse ........................................................................................................................................... 9-42
Figure 9-39. ANSI Extremely Inverse................................................................................................................................... 9-43
Figure 9-40. ANSI Short time............................................................................................................................................... 9-44
Figure 9-41. Inverse (IEC) ................................................................................................................................................... 9-45
Figure 9-42. IEC Very Inverse ............................................................................................................................................. 9-46
Figure 9-43. IEC Extremely Inverse ..................................................................................................................................... 9-47
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GARD 8000 Distance Relay RFL Electronics Inc.
Figure 9-44. IEC Long Inverse............................................................................................................................................. 9-48
Figure 9-45. IEC short inverse ............................................................................................................................................. 9-49
Figure 9-46. IEEE Moderately Inverse ................................................................................................................................. 9-50
Figure 9-47. IEEE Very Inverse ........................................................................................................................................... 9-51
Figure 9-48. IEEE Extremely Inverse................................................................................................................................... 9-52
Figure 9-49. RI Inverse ........................................................................................................................................................ 9-53
Figure 9-50. Vector diagram for the phase directional unit .................................................................................................. 9-56
Figure 9-51. Application example ........................................................................................................................................ 9-57
Figure 9-52. Ground directional characteristic with voltage polarization .............................................................................. 9-58
Figure 9-53. Zero Sequence Network for a Forward Fault................................................................................................... 9-59
Figure 9-54. Negative Sequence Network for a Forward Fault ............................................................................................ 9-60
Figure 9-55. Directional Overcurrent DCB Scheme ............................................................................................................ 9-62
Figure 9-56. Stub Bus Protection......................................................................................................................................... 9-62
Figure 9-57. Thermal time constant ..................................................................................................................................... 9-64
Figure 9-58. Thermal image characteristic time curves ....................................................................................................... 9-64
Figure 9-59. Block Diagram for Phase Undervoltage units .................................................................................................. 9-66
Figure 9-60. Block Diagram for Phase Overvoltage units .................................................................................................... 9-67
Figure 9-61. Rate of change of frequency............................................................................................................................ 9-69
Figure 9-62. Breaker Failure Relay...................................................................................................................................... 9-71
Figure 9-63. Synchro and Energizing Check Logic .............................................................................................................. 9-74
Figure 9-64. Pole Discordance Logic .................................................................................................................................. 9-74
Figure 9-65. Distance Module Trip Logic ............................................................................................................................. 9-75
Figure 9-66. Reclose Initiate Logic ...................................................................................................................................... 9-77
Figure 9-67. Reclosing Mode............................................................................................................................................... 9-78
Figure 9-68. Recloser lock-out operation ............................................................................................................................. 9-79
Figure 9-69. Recloser lock-out operation ............................................................................................................................. 9-80
Figure 10-1. Distance Measured Values.............................................................................................................................. 10-1
Figure 10-2. Distance Metering............................................................................................................................................ 10-2
Figure 10-3. Distance Protection Unit Status ....................................................................................................................... 10-3
Figure 10-4. Distance Recloser Status ................................................................................................................................ 10-4
Figure 10-5. Distance Status at last trip ............................................................................................................................... 10-5
Figure 10-6. Distance SOE screen ...................................................................................................................................... 10-6
Figure 10-7. Distance SOE detail screen............................................................................................................................. 10-7
Figure 10-8. Distance Fault Record ..................................................................................................................................... 10-8
Figure 10-9. Distance Fault Record Details (Part 1 of 3) ..................................................................................................... 10-9
Figure 12-1. GARD 8000 Controller Module (Commissioning, Distance Relay) .................................................................. 12-2
Figure 12-2. AC Schematic for GARD Distance Protection ................................................................................................. 12-4
Figure 12-3. Distance Relay I/O connections (Commissioning)........................................................................................... 12-5
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GARD 8000 Distance Relay RFL Electronics Inc.
List of Tables
Table 9-1. MHO Characteristic .............................................................................................................................................. 9-2
Table 9-2. MHO Characteristic Table Definitions................................................................................................................... 9-2
Table 9-3. MHO Phase-Ground Characteristic Definitions..................................................................................................... 9-4
Table 9-4. Phase-Phase Mho Characteristic Definitions........................................................................................................ 9-5
Table 9-5. Quadrilateral Characteristics................................................................................................................................. 9-6
Table 9-6. Quadrilateral Characteristics Definitions............................................................................................................... 9-6
Table 9-7. Directional Unit ..................................................................................................................................................... 9-9
Table 9-8. Directional Unit Definitions.................................................................................................................................... 9-9
Table 9-9. Resistive Limiter Characteristic........................................................................................................................... 9-11
Table 9-10. Resistive Limiter Characteristic Definitions ....................................................................................................... 9-11
Table 9-11. Supervision Elements ....................................................................................................................................... 9-14
Table 9-12. Supervision Elements Definitions ..................................................................................................................... 9-14
Table 9-13. Phase Directional Measurement....................................................................................................................... 9-55
Table 9-14. Phase Directional Element................................................................................................................................9-56
Table 9-15. Directional Ground Element.............................................................................................................................. 9-58
Table 9-16. Directional Ground Element (Current Element) ................................................................................................ 9-59
Table 9-17. Directional Negative Sequence Element .......................................................................................................... 9-60
Table 9-18. Angular Compensation ..................................................................................................................................... 9-72
Table 10-1. Oscillographic Record..................................................................................................................................... 10-12
Related Documentation
RFL can provide the end user with a GARD 8000 System Emulator on a separate CD; this is not
provided with the documentation package.
The GARD 8000 System Emulator can be downloaded from the RFL website; www.rflelect.com or
alternately ordered from:
RFL Electronics Inc.
353 Powerville Road
Boonton, NJ 07005-9151
USA
Tel – 973.334.3100
Fax – 973.334.3863
Sales: [e-mail]
Customer Service: [e-mail]
When this CD is installed on your PC it will simulate a complete GARD 8000 System. Installation
and operation instructions are included on the CD.
April 1, 2010 vii 973.334.3100

GARD 8000 Distance Relay RFL Electronics Inc.
Customer Resource Center
The RFL Electronics Inc. "On-line Customer Resource Center" has been created to provide customers
with "real-time" information necessary to keep RFL equipment operating optimally. The Resource
Center contains Application Notes, Service Notices, Product Bulletins, Software Downloads, Software
Upgrades, Technical Product Manuals and Sales Brochures, in a convenient and easy-to-use location
on our web site. The Resource Center will be updated regularly, so the latest information is always at
your fingertips. Registration is free, easy, and ensures your access to the Resource Center at any time.
To register please use the link provided on this page.
Once registered at the "Customer Resource Center", RFL will automatically notify you via e-mail
when new products are released, or when downloadable documents are available for the categories you
have selected. RFL will alert you with important Service Notices that could improve the performance
of your product or make you aware of special considerations when applying RFL products in certain
applications.
RFL Members Area
April 1, 2010 viii 973.334.3100

GARD 8000 Distance Relay RFL Electronics Inc.
WARNING LABELS AND SAFETY SUMMARY
Because the Distance Relay Module is always installed in a GARD System Chassis the following
safety instructions are included here for added protection.
TO PREVENT ELECTRIC SHOCK
PROPER CAUTION MUST BE EXERCISED WHEN SERVICING THIS EQUIPMENT
ALL TERMINALS ON THE REAR OF THIS UNIT MAY HAVE HIGH VOLTAGE
CAUTION
!
3U GARD Unit shown, position of
labels on 6U unit similar
CAUTION
FOR YOUR SAFETY
THE INSTALLATION, OPERATION AND
MAINTENANCE OF THIS EQUIPMENT
SHOULD ONLY BE PERFORMED BY
QUALIFIED PERSONS ONLY.
!
38-150/200-300 VDC
3 AMPS 220 W MAX.
!
RS-499 X.21 V.35
POWER SUPPLY 1 POWER SUPPLY 2
MAJOR MINOR
SW1 SW2
10 10
Chassis Protective
Earth Terminal
The equipment in the GARD System contains high voltage. Exercise
due care during operation and servicing. Read the safety summary
on the following page.
!
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GARD 8000 Distance Relay RFL Electronics Inc.
SAFETY SUMMARY
The following safety precautions must be observed at all times during operation,
service, and repair of this equipment. Failure to comply with these precautions, or
with specific warnings elsewhere in this manual, violates safety standards of design,
manufacture, and intended use of this product. RFL Electronics Inc. assumes no
liability for failure to comply with these requirements.
GROUND THE CHASSIS
The chassis must be grounded to reduce shock
hazard and allow the equipment to perform
properly. Equipment supplied with three-wire ac
power cables must be plugged into an approved
three-contact electric outlet. All other equipment
is provided with a rear-panel protective earth
terminal, which must be connected to a proper
electrical ground by suitable cabling. Refer to the
wiring diagram for the chassis or cabinet for the
location of the protective earth terminal.
DO NOT OPERATE IN AN
EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERE
OR IN WET OR DAMP AREAS
Do not operate the product in the presence of
flammable gases or fumes, or in any area that is
wet or damp. Operating any electrical equipment
under these conditions can result in a definite
safety hazard.
KEEP AWAY FROM
LIVE CIRCUITS
Operating personnel should never remove
covers. Component replacement and internal
adjustments must be done by qualified service
personnel. Before attempting any work inside
the product, disconnect it from the power
source and discharge the circuit by
temporarily grounding it. This will remove any
dangerous voltages that may still be present after
power is removed.
DO NOT SUBSTITUTE PARTS
OR MODIFY EQUIPMENT
Because of the danger of introducing additional
hazards, do not install substitute parts or make
unauthorized modifications to the equipment. The
product may be returned to RFL for service and
repair, to ensure that all safety features are
maintained.
READ THE MANUAL
Operators should read this manual before
attempting to use the equipment, to learn how to
use it properly and safely. Service personnel must
be properly trained and have the proper tools and
equipment before attempting to make adjustments
or repairs.
Service personnel must recognize that whenever
work is being done on the product, there is a
potential electrical shock hazard and appropriate
protection measures must be taken. Electrical
shock can result in serious injury, because it can
cause unconsciousness, cardiac arrest, and brain
damage.
Throughout this manual, warnings appear before
procedures that are potentially dangerous, and
cautions appear before procedures that may result
in equipment damage if not performed properly.
The instructions contained in these warnings and
cautions must be followed exactly.
!
Notice:
The use of ungrounded instruments such as hand held voltmeters has been shown to generate Electro-
Static Discharge. Care should be taken when using such devices on test points internal to RFL
equipment. Specifically, the use of probes manufactured under the Pomona brand is not recommended.
Notice:
RFL products are not designed for safety critical direct control of nuclear reactors and should not be
used as such.
April 1, 2010 x 973.334.3100

WARNING!
ON INITIAL INSTALLATION, ENSURE THAT ALL MODULES ARE FULLY
SEATED INTO CONNECTORS BEFORE POWERING ON UNIT.
CAUTION
THE GARD 8000 CONTAINS STATIC SENSITIVE DEVICES. PERSONS
WORKING ON THIS EQUIPMENT MUST OBSERVE ELECTRO STATIC
DISCHARGE (ESD) PRECAUTIONS BEFORE REMOVING THE FRONT COVER
OR WORKING ON THE REAR OF THE CHASSIS. AS A MINIMUM YOU MUST
DO THE FOLLOWING: USE ANTI-STATIC DEVICES SUCH AS WRIST STRAPS
AND FLOOR MATS, AND LEAVE MODULES IN THEIR ANTI-STATIC BAGS
UNTIL THEY ARE READY TO BE INSTALLED.
WARNING!
YOUR GARD 8000 TERMINAL MAY BE EQUIPPED WITH FIBER OPTIC
INPUT/OUTPUT MODULES THAT HAVE FIBER OPTIC EMITTER HEADS.
FIBER OPTIC EMITTER HEADS USE A LASER LIGHT SOURCE THAT
PRODUCE INVISIBLE RADIATION. FIBER OPTIC COMMUNICATION
SYSTEMS ARE INHERENTLY SAFE IN NORMAL OPERATION BECAUSE ALL
RADIATION IS CONTAINED IN THE SYSTEM. IT IS POSSIBLE DURING
MAINTENANCE TO EXPOSE THE RADIATION BY REMOVING OR BREAKING
THE FIBER. STARING DIRECTLY INTO THE LIGHT BEAM MAY RESULT IN
PERMANENT EYE DAMAGE AND/OR BLINDNESS. NEVER LOOK DIRECTLY
INTO THE LIGHT BEAM AND BE CAREFUL NOT TO SHINE THE LIGHT
AGAINST ANY REFLECTIVE SURFACE.
THE LASER SOURCE IS A CLASS I LASER PRODUCT WHICH COMPLIES
WITH APPLICABLE FDA, OSHA AND ANSI STANDARDS.
GARD 8000 Distance Relay RFL Electronics Inc.
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GARD 8000 Distance Relay RFL Electronics Inc.
LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES
When revisions are made to the GARD 8000 Distance Relay Instruction Manual, the entire section where
revisions were made is replaced. For the edition of this manual dated April 1, 2010 the sections are dated as
follows:
Front Matter April 1, 2010
Section 1 January, 2009
Section 2 March 1, 2009
Section 3 March 1, 2009
Section 4 March 1, 2009
Section 5 March 1, 2009
Section 6 March 1, 2009
Section 7 July 21, 2009
Section 8 August 1, 2009
Section 9 August 1, 2009
Section 10 March 1, 2009
Section 11 February 9, 2010 – New Release
Section 12 March 1, 2009
Section 13 August 1, 2009
Section 14 August 1, 2009
Trademarks:
“Ethernet” is a trademark of Xerox Corporation
“Windows,” “Windows 98,” “Windows 2000” and “Windows XP” are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
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GARD 8000 Distance Relay RFL Electronics Inc.
REVISION RECORD
Rev. Description Date Approval
3-1-09 New Document Release 3-1-09 TG
8-1-09 New Section 8 added (Distance Relay Setting Examples).
Remaining sections moved up one section. Section 13
added (Application Notes).
8-1-09 TG
4-1-10 Addition of new section for Logic Programming
(Section 11). Remaining sections moved up one.
TG
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Product Information
GARD 8000 Distance Relay RFL Electronics Inc.
SECTION 1. PRODUCT INFORMATION
Please go to the next page for the following Data Sheet:
GARD 8000 Distance Relay Module
January, 2009 1-1 973.334.3100

Product Information
GARD 8000 Distance Relay RFL Electronics Inc.
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General Description and Overview
GARD 8000 Distance Relay RFL Electronics Inc.
SECTION 2. GENERAL DESCRIPTION
AND OVERVIEW
2.1 DESCRIPTION
The GARD 8000 Distance Module incorporates all functions required for complete line protection.
Using the most advanced digital technology, based on microprocessors and DSPs, it provides distance
protection, together with current, voltage and frequency protection functions, recloser, synchronism
check, supervision functions and metering.
2.2 GENERAL OVERVIEW
The GARD 8000 Distance Module provides
•Distance measuring elements (with their supervisory units, such as detectors for close onto
fault, remote breaker opening, loss-of-potential, power swing and load encroachment)
•Voltage measuring elements (phase over/undervoltage and ground overvoltage)
•Current measuring elements (instantaneous and time overcurrent, directional or non directional
phase and ground overcurrent, stub bus and thermal protection, open phase and breaker failure
detectors)
•Frequency measuring elements (over/underfrequency and rate of change of frequency)
The distance measuring elements may be used in Pilot Protection Schemes to speed up remote-end
tripping. In addition, pilot scheme logic for the negative sequence and ground directional elements are
also available. These can use the same channel as the distance protection pilot logic, or separate
channels.
The GARD 8000 Distance Module can be configured for single pole tripping and logic for series
compensated line applications is included.
The GARD 8000 Distance Module recloser function provides up to 3 reclose attempts. The recloser
can be supervised by the built-in synchronism check function, or by the use of an external device.
Breaker monitoring functions are provided to detect an excessive number of tripping operations and
excessive breaking current.
Other GARD 8000 Distance Module features are digital fault records (oscillography), fault reports
(with fault location) and event records.
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General Description and Overview
GARD 8000 Distance Relay RFL Electronics Inc.
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System Specifications
GARD 8000 Distance Relay RFL Electronics Inc.
SECTION 3. SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS
AC Current Inputs
Nominal 1 or 5 A
Continuous 4 times nominal
One second 100 times nominal
Burden <0.2 VA for 5 A nominal
<0.05 VA for 1 A nominal
AC Voltage Inputs
Rated voltage 120 Vac @ 60 Hz
110 Vac @ 50 Hz
Continuous 2 times nominal
Burden <0.05 VA
Frequency and Rotation
Frequency 50 or 60 Hz
Phase rotation ABC or ACB
Metering Accuracy
Voltages +/- 0.1% (60 - 300V)
Currents 5A nominal +/-2 mA/0.1% (0.5-160A)
1A nominal +/-0.5mA/0.1% (0.1-30A)
Phase angle +/-0.3 deg
Power factor +/-0.001
Frequency +/-0.001 Hz
Active/reactive power (5A nominal and >1A load current)
0-180 deg 0.3%
+/-15 or 165 deg 0.5% active, 5% reactive
+/- 45 or 135 deg 1% active, 1% reactive
+/- 75 or 115 deg 5% active, 0.5% reactive
+/-90 deg 0.3% reactive
Time measurement
Fixed Time: ±1 % of setting or ±20 ms (whichever is greater)
Inverse Time: Class 2 (E = 2 %)
(UNE 21-136, CEI 255 and ANSI C37.60)
Repeatability
Operating Time: < 2% or 25 ms (whichever is greater)
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System Specifications
GARD 8000 Distance Relay RFL Electronics Inc.
Distance elements
Zones 1 - 4 5A nominal 100 ohms
1A nominal 0.05 - 250 ohms
Resistive reach 2 .00 - 10.00 times reactive reach
Time delay 0.00 - 300.00 sec
Minimum operating time 1 cycle
Overcurrent supervision elements
5A nominal 0.20 - 7.50 A
1A nominal 0.04 - 1.5 A
Instantaneous/Definite Time Overcurrent Elements
5A nominal 0.10 - 150.00 A
1A nominal 0.02 - 30.00 A
Time delay 0.00 - 300.00 seconds
Directional Overcurrent Unit
Characteristic angle 0 - 90 deg
Minimum polarizing voltage 0.00 - 10.00 V
Negative or Zero sequence ground directional polarization
Time Overcurrent Elements
5A nominal 0.20 - 25.00 A
1A nominal 0.04 - 5.00 A
Time Dial ANSI: 0.5 - 10.00
IEC: 0.05 - 1.00
Definite time 0.05 - 300.00 sec
ANSI Definite time
Moderately inverse
Inverse
Very inverse
Extremely inverse
Long time inverse
Short time inverse
Inverse + maximum time
Very inverse + maximum time
Extremely inverse + maximum time
User defined
EN (IEC) curves Definite time
Inverse
Very inverse
Extremely inverse
Long time inverse
Short time inverse
Inverse + maximum time
Very inverse + maximum time
Extremely inverse + maximum time
User defined
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