Rohde & Schwarz HMO Compact Series User manual

¸HMO Compact Series
Digital Oscilloscope
User Manual
Test & Measurement
User Manual
Version 03
*5800442802*
5800442802

3
Content
Content
1 Installation and safety
instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.1 Symbols ..................................4
1.2 Unpacking..................................4
1.3 Setting up the instrument......................4
1.4 Safety .....................................4
1.5 Intended Operation...........................4
1.6 Ambient conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
1.7 Warranty and repair ..........................5
1.8 Maintenance ................................5
1.9 Measurement categories ......................5
1.10 Mains voltage ...............................6
1.11 Batteries and rechargeable batteries / cells ......6
1.12 Product Disposal.............................6
2 Introduction ...........................7
2.1 Front view .................................7
2.2 Control panel ..............................7
2.3 Screen .....................................8
2.4 General concept of instrument operation .........8
2.5 Basic settings and integrated help ...............9
2.6 Updates to Instrument Firmware, Language
and Help ..................................10
2.7 Options / Voucher ...........................10
2.8 Self Alignment .............................11
2.9 Back Panel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
3 Quick Start Guide...................... 13
3.1 Setting up and turning the instrument on ........13
3.2 Connection of a probe and signal capture........13
3.3 Display of signal details ......................13
3.4 Cursor Measurements .......................14
3.5 Automatic Measurements ....................14
3.6 Mathematical functions ......................15
3.7 Storing data................................15
4 Vertical system........................ 17
4.1 Coupling ..................................17
4.2 Sensitivity, Y-Positioning, and Offset ............17
4.3 Bandwidth Limit and Signal Inversion ...........17
4.4 Probe Attenuation and Unit Selection
(Volt/Ampere) ..............................18
4.5 Threshold Setting ...........................18
4.6 Name a channel ............................18
5 Horizontal System ..................... 19
5.1 Acquisition modes RUN and STOP .............19
5.2 Time base setting ...........................19
5.3 Acquisition modes ..........................19
5.4 Interlace Mode .............................22
5.5 ZOOM function .............................22
5.6 Navigation Function .........................22
5.7 Marker Function ............................23
5.8 Search Function ............................23
6 Trigger System ........................24
6.1 Trigger modes Auto, Normal, Single ............24
6.2 Trigger sources .............................24
6.3 Trigger type ................................25
7 Signal Display.........................28
7.1 Display Settings ............................28
7.2 Usage of the Virtual Screen ...................28
7.3 Signal intensity and persistence functions .......29
7.4 XY display .................................29
8 Measurements ........................30
8.1 Cursor Measurements .......................30
8.2 Automatic Measurements ....................31
9 Analysis .............................34
9.1 Mathematical Functions ......................34
9.2 Frequency Analysis (FFT) .....................37
9.3 Quick View ................................38
9.4 PASS/FAIL Test Based on Masks ...............38
9.5 Component test ............................39
10 Documentation, Storage and Recall ....... 41
10.1 Device settings .............................41
10.2 References ................................41
10.3 Traces ....................................42
10.4 Screenshots ...............................43
10.4.1Printer ....................................43
10.5 Formula Sets...............................44
10.6 FILE/PRINTKeyDenition ....................44
11 Mixed-Signal Operation .................45
11.1 Logic Trigger for Digital Input .................45
11.2 Display Functions for the Logic Channels ........45
11.3 Display of Logic Channels as BUS ..............45
11.4 Cursor Measurements for Logic Channels .......46
11.5 Automatic Measurements for Logic Channels ....46
12 Serial Bus Analysis.....................47
12.1 Software options (license key) .................47
12.2 SerialBusConguration ......................47
12.3 Parallel / Parallel Clocked BUS .................49
12.4 I2C BUS...................................49
12.5 SPI / SSPI BUS .............................51
12.6 UART/RS-232 BUS ..........................52
12.7 CAN BUS..................................54
12.8 LIN BUS ..................................55
13 Remote control........................57
13.1 RS -232....................................57
13.2 USB ......................................57
13.3 Ethernet (Option HO730 / HO732) ..............57
13.4 IEEE 488.2 / GPIB (Option HO740): .............59
14 Specications.........................60
15 Appendix ............................63
15.1 Listofgures ..............................63
15.2 Glossary ..................................64

7
Introduction
2 Introduction
2.1 Front view
Ontheinstrumentfrontsideyoucanndthepowerkey
1
, in order to switch on the instrument or enter stand by
mode. If the instrument is in stand by mode, this key light
up red. If the instrument is switched off using the main po-
wer switch on the backside, the red light will also switch
off(thiswilltakesomeseconds).Furthermoreyoundon
the front panel the control panel
2
,
A
,
B
,
C
,
D
, the BNC
connectors of the analog inputs
45
to
48
, the probe adjust-
ment output
51
, the bus signal source
50
,the connectors for
the optional logic probe ¸HO3508
53
, a USB port for
USB sticks
54
, the TFT screen
55
, the inputs for the com-
ponent tester
52
and the LED
49
for showing activity on the
remoteinterface.Ontwochannelversionsyoucanndthe
AUX connector for external trigger at the right side.
2.2 Control panel
The controls in the front panel allow access to all ba-
sic functions while advanced settings are easily acces-
sible through the menu structure and gray soft menu keys.
The power button
1
is clearly set apart by its design. The
mostsignicantcontrolsfeaturecoloredLEDs,indicating
the current setting. The control panel is divided into four
sections.
Use the connectors for the active logic probes
53
exclusively for
the logic probes of type ¸HO3508. Connecting other types
may demolish the input.
Section
A
This section includes the CURSOR/MENU, ANALYZE and
GENERAL sections.
The CURSOR/MENU section includes cursor functions
8
,
universal knob
4
, Intens/Persist control switch
7
, the op-
tion to select the virtual screen
6
, the key for switching
betweenneandcoarseresolutionoftheuniversal knob
3
and the key for the selection of virtual screen
5
. The
ANALYZE section allows users to directly access the FFT
displays
9
, the QUICK VIEW display
10
(all important pa-
rameters of the actual signal display), the PASS/FAIL mask
test and the AUTO MEASURE settings
11
. The GENERAL
section includes the Save/Recall key
12
. With this option,
you can control the settings to load and save instrument
settings, reference signals, traces and screenshots. Addi-
tional keys enable the user to access general settings
13
such as language, DISPLAY
14
, AUTOSET
15
as well as in-
tegrated HELP
16
and FILE/PRINT
17
. Depending on how
it is programmed, FILE/PRINT enables you to directly save
instrument settings, traces or screenshots.
3
A
5
15 16
8 11 14
9 10
67
12 13
4
17
Fig. 2.2:
Control
panel of
section A.
Fig. 2.1: Frontview of the ¸HMO2024
49
1
48 47 46 45525354
2
55 A
B C D
51 50

8
Introduction
Section
B
The VERTICAL section fea-
tures all controls for analog
channels, such as the position
control knob
18
, the XY and
component test mode
19
, the
vertical gain adjustment knob
20
, the advanced menu op-
tions key
21
, the channel se-
lect keys
22
to
25
, (the two-
channel versions have only
22
23
) and the selection key for
the optional logic probes
24
(
25
). You can also access the
MATH key
26
, the reference
signal settings and bus signal
settings key
27
.
Section
C
The TRIGGER section inclu-
des all options to set the trig-
ger level
28
, to switch bet-
ween Auto and Normal mode
29
, to set the trigger type
31
,
the source
32
, the single trig-
ger
33
, to switch the trigger
slope
35
and to set the trigger
signallters
36
. Additionally,
youcanndstatusindicators,
and you can see if a signal ful-
llsthetrigger conditions
30
and which slope is used
34
.
Section
D
In the HORIZONTAL sec-
tion, users can shift the trig-
ger position horizontally or set
and navigate markers manu-
ally, either step-by-step with
the keys
37 38 39
or alterna-
tively by using the smaller one
of the knobs
41
. In the menu,
you can also set search crite-
ria for events. The illuminated
key
39
allows the selection of
the Run and Stop mode. When the stop mode is selected,
the key will light up in red.
40
activates the zoom option,
44
selects the acquisition modes,
43
adjusts the time base
speed and
42
enables access to the time base menus. To
theleftofthecontrolpanel,youalsondthesoftmenu
keys
2
to control the menu options.
2.3 Screen
The R&S®HMO Compact series is equipped with a 6.5”
(16.51 cm) TFT color monitor with LED backlight and VGA
resolution (640x480 pixels). In the default setting (no me-
nus shown), the screen includes 12 scale divisions on the
time axis. If menus are shown, this will be reduced to 10
Fig. 2.3: Control panel of
section B, C and D
28
C
29
30
33
31
34
35
36
32
37
D
38
37
41
39
42
43
44
40
18
B
19
20
22
23
24
21
25
26
27
divisions. Small arrows on the left of the display [1] indicate
the reference potentials of the channels. The line above the
graticule includes status and settings information such as
time base, trigger delay and other trigger conditions, the
current sampling rate and the acquisition mode. [2]. The
short menu to the right of the graticule contains the most
important settings of the currently active channel. You may
select these settings using the soft menu keys.[3].
Measurement results for automated measurements and
cursors, settings for the activated vertical channels, re-
ference signals and mathematically derived curves are
shown in the lower section of the screen [4]. Within the
graticule, signals of the selected channels are displayed.
By default, 8 scale divisions are shown. This can be exten-
ded virtually to 20 divisions which can be displayed using
the Scroll/Bar
5
key.
2.4 General concept of instrument operation
The general operating concept is based on a few key prin-
cipals, recurring with various settings and functions:
❙Keys that do not open a soft menu (e.g. SCROLL BAR)
activateaspecicfunction;pressingthiskeyasecond
time will deactivate this function.
❙Keys that open a soft menu when pressed once will close
the soft menu when pressed a second time.
❙Depending on the requirements, the universal knob in the
CURSOR/MENU section is designed to either select a
numeric value or to navigate through submenus.
❙The MENU OFF key below the soft menu keys closes the
current menu or switches to the next higher level.
❙Pressing the appropriate key will activate a deactivated
channel. If a channel was already activated, selecting
another channel will change operation to the channel
whose key was pressed (its LED lights up).
❙If cursor measurements are activated, the COARSE/FINE
key will select the cursor with the activated universal
knob in the CURSOR/MENU section. This key is used to
selectorconrminputinallmenusforalphanumerical
inputandforthelemanager.
Fig. 2.4: Screen view

9
Introduction
Fig. 2.7 shows, there are two basic soft menu parts. You
can select the respective element by pressing the corre-
sponding soft menu key, and the element will be marked
in blue. Alternatively, you can press the soft menu key to
toggle between function options. The menus are used as
shown in Fig. 2.8. For functions that need to be activated
and require value selections, you may toggle between OFF
and the set value (e.g. DC OFFSET function). The round ar-
row in the menu window indicates that the value is to be
set by means of the universal knob in the CURSOR/MENU
control panel. If the respective function includes an additi-
onal menu level, it will be indicated by a small triangle on
the bottom right of a menu item. If additional menu pages
are available, you can navigate these on the same level by
using the last menu item. It includes the number of menu
pages on this level as well as the current page number.
You can advance to the next page by pressing the approp-
riate soft menu key. Once the last page was listed, the dis-
playwillloopbacktotherstpage.
2.5 Basic settings and integrated help
You can access important basic settings such as language
for user interface and help, general settings and interface
settings in the menu that opens when you press the SE-
TUPkeyintheGENERALsection.Ontherstpageofthe
Fig. 2.5: Selection of basic soft
menu elements
Fig. 2.6: Basic soft menu elements
for settings and navigation
menu for the basic settings you can select the language
for user interface and help. The menu item INTERFACE ac-
tivatesthemenustoperformtheinterfaceconguration
(USB or Ethernet). The menu item PRINTER includes set-
tings for POSTSCRIPT and PCL compatible printers. When
pushing this soft menu key, a submenu opens allowing the
user to select the paper format and color mode. Using the
assigned soft menu key, the top menu item PAPER FOR-
MAT allows you to choose from A4, A5, B5, B6, Execu-
tive, Letter and Legal in either portrait or landscape for-
mat. Use the universal knob in the CURSOR/MENU section
to select the appropriate format. Following the same se-
tup procedure, the menu item COLOR MODE allows you to
choose between Grayscale, Color and Inverted. The Gray-
scale mode converts the color image to a grayscale image
which can be printed on a black-and-white postscript prin-
ter. The Color mode prints the image in color as shown on
the screen (black background). The INVERTED mode prints
the color image with a white background on a color printer
thus saving toner and ink.
The menu item DEVICE INFORMATION opens a window
with detailed information on hardware and software of the
measuring instrument. The soft menu key DEVICE NAME
allowsyoutodeneanamewithupto19characterswhich
will be listed when screenshots are printed. The soft menu
MENU allows you to select whether soft menus are to be
closed manually or automatically after 4-30s. Use the soft
menu key LOGO IN SCREENSHOT to determine whether
the R&S logo displays on the top right corner of printouts or
not. The soft menu UPDATE for the instrument and help up-
date and LICENCES to upgrade software options will be de-
scribed in detail in the following chapters. The soft menu
DATE & TIME is used to set the date and time. The soft
menu SOUND is used to set the sound options. You can ac-
tivate a sound as beeping during setup, in the event of an
error and for the triggers. The integrated help can be acti-
vated by pushing the HELP key in the GENERAL section.
This opens a window with explanatory text. The text in the
When using the INVERTED mode, you should set the intensity of
the signals to about 70% to allow a high contrast print.
Tab. 2.1: Differences HMO Compact series
Differences within the HMO Compact series 72x...202x
Unit Channels Bandwidth Vertical Settings at 1MOhm Input Impedance Offset Range
¸HMO722 270MHz 1 mV. to 10V/Div 1 MOhm -
¸HMO724 470MHz 1 mV. to 10V/Div 1 MOhm -
¸HMO1022 2100MHz 1 mV. to 10V/Div 1 MOhm -
¸HMO1024 4100MHz 1 mV. to 10V/Div 1 MOhm -
¸HMO1522 2150MHz 1 mV to 5 V/Div 1 MOhm / 50 Ohm ±0.2 to ±20 V
¸HMO1524 4150MHz 1 mV to 5 V/Div 1 MOhm / 50 Ohm ±0.2 to ±20 V
¸HMO2022 2200MHz 1 mV to 5 V/Div 1 MOhm / 50 Ohm ±0.2 to ±20 V
¸HMO2024 4200MHz 1 mV to 5 V/Div 1 MOhm / 50 Ohm ±0.2 to ±20 V
For the complete and latest technical data of each oscilloscope of the HMO series please refer to
www.rohde-schwarz.com

14
A quick introduction
3 A quick intro-
duction
The following chapter is intended to introduce you to the
most important functions and settings of your new oscillo-
scope in order to allow you to use the instrument immedia-
tely. The internal calibrator signal output is used as the sig-
nal source,soyouwillnotneedanyadditionalinstruments
fortherststeps.
3.1 Setting up and turning the instrument on
Fold out the feets completly so the display will be inclined
slightly upwards. (See chapter 1.2 for positioning) Plug the
power cord into the rear panel connector. The instrument
will be turned on by switching on the main power switch
on the back and pushing the key On/Off
1
on the front pa-
nel.Afterafewsecondsthedisplayappears,andtheos-
cilloscope is ready for measurements. Now press the key
AUTOSET
15
for at least 3 seconds.
3.2 Connection of a probe and signal capture
Takeoneoftheprobesdeliveredwiththeinstrument,de-
tach the protective cap from the top. Apply the compen-
sation box to the BNC connector of channel 1 and turn the
black knob CW until it latches positively.
On the right hand side of the screen you will see a short
menuofchannel1,thesoftkeysallowyoutoselectfre-
quently used settings. Press the top soft key once to change
the input coupling to DC.
Now press the key AUTOSET
15
onceshortly,afterafew
seconds the oscilloscope will have automatically selected
Passive probes be compensated prior to rst use. Please refer to
the probe manual for the proper compensation procedure. Place
the probe in the appropriate position on the ADJ. output such
that the tip will be accepted by the hole of the right output while
the ground connection is made to the left output, as shown in
Fig. 4.3 in chapter 4.
Active settings are marked in blue!
appropriatevertical,horizontaltime base and trigger set-
tings.Youwillseenowasquare wave signal.
3.3 Display of signal details
With the knob
43
you can change the displayed time win-
dow: turning it CCW will slow the time base. The memory
depth of 1 MB per channel allows you to capture wide time
windows with high resolution. Continue to turn the knob
CCW until you read „TB:5ms“ in the top left corner. Now
press the ZOOM key
40
.
Fig. 3.2: Screen display after connection of the probe
Fig. 3.4: Screen display after Autosetup
Fig. 3.3: Screen display after changing to DC coupling
3
A
5
15 16
8 11 14
9 10
67
12 13
4
17
Fig. 3.1:
Control
panel A of
the HMO

15
A quick introduction
Youroscilloscopeoffersthesepossibilities:
❙thedenitionofthedisplayof6parameterswhichmay
come from different sources
❙a quick view of all important parameters of one source
using the Quick View function.
Please change the time base to 100 µs per scale division
and press the QUICKVIEW
10
key.Youwillseethefollow-
ing display:
The following list features the most important parameters
of a signal:
❙positiveandnegativepeakvoltages,
❙riseandfalltimes,
❙mean voltage.
10 additional parameters are shown below the grid:
❙RMS,  peak-peakvoltage,
❙frequency, period,
❙amplitude,  numberofrisingedges,
❙pos. pulsewidth, neg. pulsewidth,
❙pos. dutycycle, neg. duty cycle.
Thus by simply pressing a key you see 14 parameters at a
glancewhichcharacterizethesignal.Thisfunctionapplies
always to the acutal active channel.
Fig. 3.8: Quick View parameter measurement
Youseenowatwo-window
display: the display will show
in the top area the complete
capturedsignal,belowanen-
larged portion. Use the time
base knob to select the zoom
factor and the small knob for
horizontalpositioning.
By pressing the ZOOM key
40
again the zoommodebewill
be deactivated.
Fig. 3.6: ZOOM function
3.4 Cursor measurements
After displaying the signal and its details we now proceed
to measuring it using the cursor functions. Press again
shortly AUTOSET
15
and then the CURSOR/MEASURE key
8
.Nowthecursormenuwillopenup,andyoucanse-
lect the kind of cursor. Press the top soft key in order to
open the appropriate menu. Use the knob in the CURSOR/
MENUareafortheselectionbyturningitCCWuntiltheV-
markerisunderlined,presstheuniversalbuttonorwaitfor
some seconds in order to accept the selection. Now two
cursorswillbedisplayedalongwiththesignal,andthe
measurement results in the bottom area of the grid. Select
the active cursor by pushing the universal knob and posi-
tion it by turning the knob.
The cursor measurement results will be displayed at the
bottom of the grid.InthiscasetheV-markerhasselec-
tedthevoltagesatthetwocursorpositions,theirdiffe-
rence,andthetimedifferencebetweenthepositionswill
be shown. The cursors will be switched off by pressing the
CURSOR/MEASURE key and the associated Cursors off
soft key.
3.5 Automatic measurements
In addition to cursor measurements the most important
signal parameters can be displayed.
Fig. 3.7: Cursor measurements
Fig. 3.5: Area of the control panel
containing the ZOOM knob
37
D
38
37
41
39
42
43
44
40

16
A quick introduction
Youmayalsodisplayuptosixparametersofdifferentsig-
nals. In order to achieve this deactivate the Quick View
functionbypressingthekeyagain,thenactivatechannel
2 by pressing the CH2 key. Open the following menu by
pressing AUTOMEASURE
11
:
Press the softmenu key beside MEAS. PLACE and choose
the number you want using the universalknob.Youmay
denetheparametermeasurementusingthismenu.Af-
ter switching on the MEASUREMENTS with the appropri-
ate softkey’s the parameter measurements are displayed
below the grid.IfyoupressthesoftkeybesideTYPEyou
can choose the parameter you want from the list using the
general knob. This procedure is used in all menus where
choicesareavailable.PleasepressthekeyTYPEand
choose rise time.
Choose MEAS. PLACE 1 and use „mean“ and source CH1.
Afterwards choose MEAS. PLACE 2 and „rms“ from CH2.
On page 2 of this menu you can switch on a complete sta-
tisticofthesemeasurements,containingtheactualvalue,
thesmallest,thelargest,themean,thestandard deviation
and the number of used measurements for that statistic.
Afterthemenuhasbeenclosed,theparameterscanbe
identiedbythecoloursoftherespectivechannels,(here
yellow for channel 1 and blue for channel 2.)
Fig. 3.9: Auto Measure menu
3.6 Mathematical functions
In addition to cursor and automaticmeasurements,your
HMO can also apply mathematical operations to the sig-
nals. Pressing the MATH
26
key and the QM resp. the
MENU key in the VERTICAL section opens a quick math
menu(QM)enablingyoutoapplyaddition,subtraction,
multiplication or division to two analog channels. This also
displays the mathematical graph. The top soft menu key
allowsyoutoselecttherstoperand.Withthekeybelow,
you can select the operator (in quick mathematics you can
choosebetweenaddition,subtraction,multiplicationordi-
vision). The soft menu key below that allows you to select
the second operand. Only activated and displayed chan-
nels are available for the operands. Press the bottom soft
menukeyFORMULARY.Thisopenstheformula editor to
selectanddene5potentialsetsofformulaswithupto5
mathematical functions each.
Tochangethesettings,usethesoftmenukeysandthe
universal knob
4
.Hereyoucandeneandstorethemost
frequently used formulas. After selecting the desired for-
mulaandpressingthesoftmenukeyEDIT,youcanedit
individual formula functions. Once a mathematical func-
tionhasbeendenedandactivatedbypressingthesoft
menukeyVISIBLE(ON),theshortmenuforthemathema-
Fig. 3.12: Formula editor
Fig. 3.10: Selection of parameters
Fig. 3.11: Measuring the parameters of two sources

17
A quick introduction
tical functions will display this function. The graph will be
marked in the short menu by a red dot. The sources selec-
ted in the function must be activated so that the mathema-
tical graph can be calculated and the result signals can be
displayed.
3.7 Storing data
YourHMOcanstore5differentkindsofdata:
❙Instrument settings
❙Reference signals
❙Signals (up to 24000 points)
❙Screen displays
❙Sets of formulae
Signals and screen displays can only be stored on USB
sticks. All other data can be stored either on a USB stick
orintheinstrument’snon-volatilememories.Inorderto
storedatayouhavetodenethekindofdataandthede-
stination. First attach a USB stick to the front panel con-
nector. Press SAVE/RECALL
12
in order to call the respec-
tive menu. Select the kind of data by pressing the respec-
tive soft key (in this example Screenshots) in order to ac-
cess the settings menu.
Please verify that the USB connector into which you
plugged the USB stick (front or rear) is written in the top
Fig. 3.13: Save/Recall menu
softmenue(Youcanchangethedestinationbyopening
the respective menu if you press the softkey next to STO-
RAGE).Youcannowsaveascreenshot if you press the
softkeynexttoSAVEusingthepredenednamewritten
in the menu below FILENAME.Youmaynamethedesti-
nation memory with up to 8 characters; in order to do this
selectthemenuitemFilenameanddenethenameby
using the universal knob (selecting a character by turn the
knob and enter by pushing the knob .
After the soft key next to ACCEPT was pressed the oscillo-
scope will have stored the name and return to the settings
menu. Here you can now store the actual screen display
bypressingtheStoresoftkey.Alternatively,youcanreturn
to a lower menu level (by pressing the lowest Menu OFF
key) and select the menu item key FILE/PRINT. In the fol-
lowing menu press the soft menu key next to Screenshots:
this will assign the function screenshot to the key FILE/
PRINT with the settings chosen. This enables you to store
abitmapleonyourUSB stick by just pressing FILE/
PRINT
17
at any time and in any menu.
Fig.3.15:Deningalename
Fig. 3.14: Menu Screenshots

18
Vertical system
4 Vertical system
For the vertical settings there
are the knobs for the vertical
position and the sensitivity,an
always visible short menu and
an extended menu.
By pushing the respective key
the channel will be selected
for which these controls will
beactivated,thiswillbeindi-
cated by the key lighting up in
the color of the channel. Ad-
ditionally,thechannelnumber
on the screen will be framed
and displayed lighter than the
channels not activated. The
appropriateshortmenuisalwaysvisible,theextended
menu will be shown upon pushing the key MENU
21
.
4.1 Coupling
Therstitemtobeselectedistheinputimpedance:
1MΩor50Ω.(onlyattheHMO152xandHMO202x,the
HMO72xand102xdoesnotoffer50Ωinputs).
The50Ωinputimpedanceshouldonlybeselectedifthe
signal sourceis50Ω,suchasageneratorwitha50Ω
output where the termination within the scope is to be
used.Inallothercases1MΩistobeselected.NextDC
or AC coupling has to be selected: with DC coupling all
componentsofthesignalwillbedisplayed,withAC
couplingtheDCcontentwillberemoved,thelower
bandwidthis2Hz.Upto200Vrms may be applied directly
totheverticalinputsif1MΩisselected.Highervoltages
Fig. 4.2: Short menu for the vertical settings
Do not connect the 50 Ω inputs to effective voltage higher than 5
volts!
Fig. 4.1: Front panel area with
vertical system controls
18
B
19
20
22
23
24
21
25
26
27
can be measured with probes (up to 40 kVp). For general
applications the probes supplied with the instrument will
beused.Theyarespeciedforthe1MΩinput.Withthe
HMO72xandHMO102xaretheHZ154delivered,which
offer a 10:1 / 1:1 switchable attenuation. Therefore the
attenuation setting must be done manually in the channel
menu. The HMO152x and HMO202x are delivered with
the HZO10 a 10:1 probe with automatic attenuation read
out,whichwillbereadfromtheprobeandfactoredin.
HMO2524
250 MHz / 2,5 GSa / 4 MB DIGITAL OSCILLOSCOPE
LEVEL
VERTICAL HORIZONTALTRIGGER
CURSOR/MENU ANALYZE GENERAL
TRIG’dSLOPE
USB STICK LOGIC CHANNELS
REM
CH 1CH 2CH 3CH 4
1MΩ II 13pF
max.
200 Vp
1MΩ II 13pF
max.
200 Vp
VOLTS/DIV TIME/DIV
POSITION POSITION
SELECT WINDOW
COARSE/FINE
POD 2 (15..8) POD 1 (7
..0)
Use recommended probes only!
!!
50Ω
≤5V RMS
M
E
M
O
R
Y
Made in Germany
CAT I
!
ADJ.
Bus Signal
Source
S1 S2 S3
PASS/FAIL
6
2
-
K
3
0
4
-
1
1
9
0
-
1
.
0
MENU
CURSOR
SELECT
CURSOR
MODE
AUTO
MEASURE
SCROLL
BAR
CURSOR
MEASURE
FFT
QUICK
VIEW
DISPLAY
AUTO
SET
CH1
CH2
CH3
POD1
AUTO
NORM
X Y MENU
TYPE
SOURCE FILTER
SLOPE
ACQUIRE
SINGLE RUN
STOP
SET
CLR
SETUP HELP
SAVE
RECALL
INTENS
PERSIST
REF
BUS
FILE
PRINT
CH4
POD2
MATH
Fig. 4.3: Correct
connection of the
probe to the probe
adjust output
The coupling is selected in the short menu: by just pushing
the appropriate key the couplingischosen,alsothesignal
may be inverted. The menu is valid for the activated chan-
nel as indicated by the channel key light up. The channel
number will be shown in the top of the menu. By pushing
the respective key of another channel the menu will trans-
fer to this channel.
4.2 Sensitivity, Y-Positioning, and Offset
The sensitivity of the analog inputs can be selected with
the large knob in the VERTICAL section of the front pa-
nelin1-2-5stepsfrom1mV/divtotherespectivemaxi-
malsettingindependentofthe50Ω(onlyavailableatthe
HMO152xandHMO202x)or1MΩselection.Theknobis
The passive probes must be adjusted to the inputs to which
they are connected. See the probe manual for the adjustment
procedure.
The PROBE ADJUST output of the HMO oscilloscope is only sui-
table for 1:1 and 1:10 probes. 100:1 or 1000:1 probes require spe-
cial generators! Use the shortest possible ground connection to
the PROBE ADJUST output as shown in Fig. 4.3.
Fig. 4.4: Vertical offset in the extended menu

19
Vertical system
associated with the channel selected by pushing the re-
spective key. The sensitivity can be changed to continuous
control by pushing the knob once. The smaller one of the
knobs is used for vertical positioning.
By pushing the MENU key the extended menu is called.
On page 2 of this menu at the HMO152x and HMO202x
a DC offset can be added to the signal. In order to switch
this offset in the respective soft key must be pushed. The
settingswindowwillbebacklitinblue,andtheactivityin-
dicator next to the general knob will light up; the offset can
now be adjusted with the knob. The offset voltage will be
addedtothesignalattheverticalamplierinputoffset-
tingitbythatamountfromthezeroposition.Thepossi-
ble amount of offset depends on the Volts/div setting cho-
sen. The offset function being activated will be indicated
bytwochannelmarkersontheleftofthedisplay,alsovisi-
ble if the menu was closed. One marker indicates the posi-
tion,theothertheoffset (refer to Fig. 4.4). The offset is in-
dividually adjustable for each channel.
Each analog channel may also be shifted in time by ±15ns.
This adjustment is selected in the same menu and accor-
ding to the same method as the DC offset; it is used for
compensating for the different signal delays of voltage and
current probes and different cable lengths.
4.3 Bandwidth Limit and Signal Inversion
Ananalog20MHzlowpasscanbeinsertedinthesignal
path in either the short or extended menu. This will elimi-
nate all higher frequencyinterference.Thelterisactiva-
ted in the short menu by pushing the respective soft key;
theinformationeldwillbebacklitinblue,BWwillbedis-
played in the channel information window.
Signal inversion is available in the short and the extended
menus.Ifitisactivatedtheinformationeldwillbebacklit
inblue,andtherewillbeabarabovethechannelnumber.
4.4 Probe attenuation selection
TheHZO10oroptinalHZ355probesarerecognizedbythe
instrument which automatically selects the appropriate
factor. If any other probe without automatic recognition of
the attenuation ratio or just a cable is connected to the in-
strument,theattenuation factor can be set manually in the
extendedmenu.Thisispossibleforx1,x10,x100x1000
orasdenedbytheuserfromx0.001tox1000.
In addition you can select the unit AMPERE in case you
are using a current probe or measure current via a shunt.
If you select A the menu shows the most common factors
(1V/A,100mV/A,10mV/A,1mV/A).Againyoucanalsose-
lectanyvaluebetweendenedbytheuser.Doingsothe
measurements are always displayed with the correct unit
and scale.
4.5 Level Setting
Inthismenualevelcanbeset.Thisleveldenethe
threshold for detecting a HIGH or a LOW if the analog
channel are used as source for the serial bus analysis or lo-
gictrigger.Afterchoosingthesoftmenu,thelevelcanbe
set by turning the universal knob.
4.6 Name a channel
The last entry of the channel menu open a submenu in or-
der to allocate a name for a channel. This name will be
shown at the display and at a print out. First of all you can
switch on or off the display of the name. Below that soft-
menubuttonyoundthesoftbuttonLIBRARY.Afterse-
lecting this button you can choose a name from seve-
ral different suggestions using the universal knob. After
pushingNAMEyoucaneditthepre-choosennameoren-
ter a complete new name using up to 8 characters. This
will be done by selecting the character from the virtual
keypad using turning the universal knob and selecting by
pushing the knob. Pushing the ACCEPT button switch on
the name display on the right side of the grid. The name is
xedtothechannelandwillmoveoverthescreenwhene-
ver the channel will be moved.
Fig. 4.5: Threshold setting and name allocation
Fig. 4.6: Name selection

20
Horizontal System (Time Base)
to+5divisions,0isthemiddleofthescreenandthestan-
dard setting).
5.3 Capture modes
The capture modes are selected by pushing the key AC-
QUIRE,thisopensadisplaymenuwhichoffersthebasic
modes of capture:
5.3.1 Refresh
In this mode the signals are captured and displayed.
5.3.2 Roll
This acquisitionmodeisintendedspecicallyforvery
slowsignals,withtheuntriggeredsignal„rolling“across
the screen from right to left (requires signals slower than
200kHz).TheHMOusesaringbuffertostorethesignal
values in rollmode.Simplyput,theinstrumentwritesthe
rstdivisiontotherststoragespace,theseconddivision
tothesecondstoragespace,etc.Oncethestorageisfull,
theinstrumentoverwritestherststoragespacewiththe
data of the most recent measurement value. This creates a
„ring“orcyclerun,similartoaticker.
5.3.3: ENVELOPE
Inthismode,thedisplayincludesthenormalcaptureof
each signal and the maximum as well as the minimum va-
luesofeachcapture.Overtime,thiscreatesanenvelope
surrounding the signal.
5.3.4: AVERAGE
Inthismode,youcanusetheuniversal knob in the Cursor/
Menu section of the control panel to set the number of sig-
nalperiodsforaveraging,availableinpowersof2from2
to 1024 (requires repetitive signals).
5.3.5: FILTER
Inthismode,youcanactivatealowpasslterwithad-
justable cut off frequency to suppress unwanted high fre-
quency interferences. The cut off frequency can be set
based on the sampling frequency. The minimum setting is
1/100 of the sampling frequency and the maximum value
is 1/4 of the samplingrate.Youcanselectthissettingwith
the universal knob.
The second menu page is accessed by pushing the soft
keynexttothemenu„Page1I2“,here,extendedfunc-
tions are available:
5.3.6 Peak Detect
This mode is used for very large time base settings to de-
tectevenshortsignalchanges.Youcanalsodeactivate
this function within the menu or you can select the auto-
matic switching mode. The following conditions must be
met to activate the PEAK DETECT mode:
❙Function HIGH RESOLUTION is deactivated
❙None of the serial or parallel buses are active
The ZOOM feature is not available in the roll mode (also refer to Chap.
5.5 ZOOM Function)
5 Horizontal Sys-
tem (Time Base)
As well as timebasesettings,
thehorizontalsystemcompri-
ses the selection of the trig-
gerposition,thezoomfunc-
tions and the available modes
ofsignalcapture,thecontrol
for the marker function and
the search fcuntions.
The knobs are used for the
adjustment of the time base
speed and the trigger posi-
tion. The signal capture mo-
des are selected in the respec-
tive menus. There is a key pro-
vided for activating the zoom
function.
5.1 Capturing modes RUN and STOP
The capturing modes can be selected with the key RUN/
STOP. In RUN mode signals will be continuously captu-
red; depending on the triggerconditionsselected,anddis-
played,erasingthepreviouslycapturedones.Ifitisdesi-
redtostoreandfurtheranalyzeasignalandtopreventit
beingoverwritten,capturemustbestoppedbypushing
the RUN/STOP key. While in STOP mode capture is disab-
led and the key will light up red.
5.2 Time base adjustments
ThelargeknobintheHorizontalsectionofthecontrolpa-
nel is used for the selection of the time base speed. The
time base speed is displayed in the upper left hand corner
above the graticule. (e.g. „TB:500ns“) To the right there is
the display of the trigger time position with respect to the
normal position. The normal trigger position is in the cen-
ter of the graticule such that 50 % of the signal display is
before and 50 % is after this trigger position. The X Posi-
tion knob allows continuous adjustment of the X position.
The available maximum values depend on the time base
setting. By pushing the key SET/CLR the value will be re-
set to its reference position. The arrow keys
37
allow
youtochangetheXpositionbyaxedamountof5divisi-
ons in the respective direction. If marker or search function
is chosen the arrow keys together with the SET/CLR but-
ton are used to navigate through and set/clear marker. The
key menu opens a menu which allows you to set the X po-
sition to its minimum and maximum positions or chose the
markerfunctionbyjustakeytouch.Inaddition,thereisa
submenu NUMER.INPUT which allows entry of an arbit-
rary X position. Within this menu the search functions can
be activated and set. In addition the time reference can
besethere(positionforthetriggerpointintime,from-5
Fig. 5.1: Control panel of the
horizontalsystem
37
D
38
37
41
39
42
43
44
40

24
Horizontal System (Time Base)
themaximumvalue,forinstance.Youcanusethesoft
menukeyTIMEREFERENCEtodenewhereinthesig-
nalwindowtondthetriggerpointvalue“0”.Thesignal
isscaledbythisreferencepoint.Youcanusetheuniver-
sal knob in the Cursor/ Menu section to select the desired
setting.
5.7 Marker Function
Markersallowyoutohighlightspecicpositionsonthe
screen,e.g.arisingorfallingslope,anunexpectedsignal
value or a search result. Markers can be used to identify
specicsignalsectionstozoominonandtoanalyzethe
data more closely.
Use the soft menu to activate the marker function. Press
the MENU key in the HORIZONTAL section of the control
panel to open the soft menu. Use the universal knob in the
menutoselectMARKER.Oncethismodeisactivated,you
can press the SET/CLR key to set a time marker at the 6th
time unit (the menu in the center of the grid must be deac-
tivated). The time markers are marked by a vertical line in
gray-blue.TheknobXPositionallowsyoutomovethesig-
nal including the set marker. After identifying an important
signal position and setting it to the center of the screen
usingthepositionknob,youcansetanadditionalmarker.
This procedure allows you to mark up to 8 interesting po-
sitionswithinthesignal.Youcantogglebetweenmarkers
by pressing the arrow keys
37
. These keys also allow
you to center the markers in the middle of the screen. This
feature enables you to quickly compare marked signal sec-
tions in ZOOM mode.
Todeleteamarker,centeritinthemiddleofthescreen
andpresstheSET/CLRkeyonceagain.Youcanalsodelete
all time markers simultaneously in the marker soft menu.
5.8 Search Function
The search function in the HMO series enables you to
searchforallslopes,pulsewidths,peaksoradditional
events in the detection mode that match the manually spe-
ciedsearchcriteria.Specicsettingsareavailablefor
each search type. Searches can be performed on any ana-
Fig. 5.6: Marker in zoommode
log channel or mathematical signal. The searched time
basesectioncanberestrictedbydeningalevel.
Press the MENU key in the HORIZONTAL section of the
control panel to activate the search function in the soft
menu. Use the universal knob to select the menu item
SEARCH.Oncethismodeisactivated,youcandene
events,e.g.arisetimewithspecicattributes,suchas
<12 ns. The search function will then look for these events
in STOP mode in the most current capture. Press the menu
itemSEARCHTYPEandusetheuniversal knob to select
the desired search criteria.
The following functions are available:
❙Slope: Comparable to the slope trigger; this function
searches for slopes in the signal. The point in time of a
detected slope corresponds to the point in time when the
signal leaves the set hysteresis. The soft key LEVEL
selects a level for the slope detection of the search
function. The search function level matches the trigger
level of the slopetrigger,forinstance.Levelandhysteresis
will display in the signal window. The hysteresis
determines the area that the signal has to pass until a
validslopeisdetected.Thisareaalsodenestherise time
oftheslope.Itisrecommendedtoselectasufciently
large hysteresis to reduce noise on the signal slope.
❙Pulse width: Comparable to the pulse width trigger; this
function searches for pulses with a predetermined pulse
width. A pulse always consists of a rising and a falling
slope. Leaving the hysteresisdenesthestartandendtime
of the pulse. The level for the search function corresponds
to the trigger level of the slopetrigger,forinstance.Level
and hysteresis will display in the signal window. The
adjustable comparison type is a search criterium for the
detected time event width. The pulse width is the time
period between start and stop slope of the pulse.
❙Peak: The peak search function searches for pulses
within the signal. The time of the event is the maximum
value of the peak.
❙Rise time / fall time: This function searches for slopes
withaspecicrise/fall time within the signal. The point in
time of a detected slope corresponds to the point in time
when the signal leaves the set hysteresis. The upper and
lowerleveldenetheupper/lowerpositionofthe
hysteresis. The adjusted level will display in the signal
window. The adjustable comparison type is a search
criterium for the detected time event width.
❙Runt: A runt is an aborted pulse within a signal. This
occurs when the rise times of the system are greater than
necessary for the desired pulse width. A positive runt
exceeds the lower level of the hysteresis,forinstance,but
doesnotreachtheupperlevel.Theanalyzingdigital
circuits of this signal fail to detect the pulse which leads to
transmission errors. The pulse width of the runtisdened
by the entry and exit point from the hysteresis (duration
between start and stop slope of the pulse). The adjustable
comparison type is a search criterium for the detected
timeeventwidth.Thedifferencedenesthemaximum
timerangebywhichthespeciedeventwidthmayvary.

25
Trigger System
Onceyouhaveselectedtheappropriatesearchtype,you
can choose the desired SOURCE (choose from any of the
activated analog channels including mathematical chan-
nels). Use the menu item SETUP to open a submenu
where you can choose the settings for the selected search
criterium(e.g.greaterthanaspecicpulse width). Some
of the adjustable parameters may be dependent on the
time base (for a timebaseof100μs/Divthesmallesttime
is2μs,for1μs/Divthecorrespondingtimevalueis20ns).
Ifeventsmatchthesearchcriterium,theywillbehighligh-
ted. The soft menu VIEW EVENT TABLE allows you to dis-
play the search results in a table format. Use the arrow
keys or the universal knob to navigate the events in STOP
mode. The Select option allows you to center the selected
event. When the zoomfunctionisactivated,theselected
event will automatically be centered in the zoomwindow.
Fig. 5.7: Search mode with event list
6 Trigger System
The trigger system of the
HMO is easy to handle by just
observing the concept of inst-
rument operation.
There are 4 keys destined for
frequently used functions:
❙TYPE: selection of trigger
typeEDGE(EDGEA/B),
PULSE,LOGICandVIDEO
❙SLOPE: type of slope
❙SOURCE: determines the
triggers source
❙FILTER: determines the
exact trigger conditions
Additional keys are provided
fortheselectionofthetriggermodes:(AUTO.NORMAL,
SINGLE).
6.1 Trigger modes Auto, Normal, Single
The basic trigger modes are directly selectable with the
key AUTO NORM. In AUTO mode the key will not be lit. If
the key is pushed it will light up red indicating NORMAL
mode. The oscilloscope always presents a signal in AUTO
mode and a signal will automatically yield a stable display
ifitfulllsthetrigger conditions.
InNORMALmodethesignalwillbedisplayedifitfullls
the triggerconditions,ifitfailstodosothelaststabletrig-
gered display will remain on the screen.
Ifitisdesiredtorecordasignalwhichfulllsthetrigger
conditionsonlyonce,thekeySINGLEmustbepushed,
it will light up white. This indicates that the single trigger
modeisactive,theRUN/STOPkeywillblink.Thenextre-
turnofthesignalwillcauseasinglecapture,theoscillo-
scopethengoesintotheSTOPmode,indicatedbythe
RUN/STOP key lighting up in red.
Fig. 6.1: Front panel control
area of the trigger system
28
C
29
30
33
31
34
35
36
32
Fig. 6.2: Coupling modes with slope trigger

26
Trigger System
6.2 Trigger sources
Trigger sources are the 2 or 4 analog channels and the ex-
ternal trigger input. If the optional logic probe HO3508
with8or16logicchannelsisconnected,alsothoseupto
16 digital channels can serve as trigger sources. The soft
menu key AC LINE enables you to trigger the trigger at
system frequency. The trigger signal is extracted internally
from the power supply.
6.3 Slope trigger
The easiest and by far the most frequently used trigger is
the slope trigger. The oscilloscope triggers if slopes that
were set with the SLOPE key occur within the signal se-
lected in the SOURCE menu. The signal slope has to pass
through the set trigger level.
The trigger type Slope Trigger is selected in the Autosetup
mode (AUTOSETkey).If,forinstance,youselectthepulse
trigger and press the AUTOSET key the setting will switch
toSlopeTrigger.TheTYPE
31
key in the trigger control
panel allows you to set the trigger type. This opens a menu
with corresponding options. If the SLOPE type is not ac-
tive(highlightedinblue),youcanpresstherespectivesoft
menukeytoselectthistype.Theslopetype(rising,falling
or both) can be set directly with the SLOPE key
35
. This will
shiftthesettingforwardbyone,i.e.fromrisingtofalling
slope,tobothslopes,andpressingthekeyyetonemore
time will trigger another rising slope. The center of the sta-
tus line on the top of the display and the display above the
SLOPE key
35
show which slope type has been selected.
The FILTER
36
key allows you to select how to couple the
signal for the trigger circuit:
❙AUTO LEVEL: Automaticltersetting(defaultsetting).
❙AC: The triggersignaliscoupledviahighpasslterwitha
minimumcut-offfrequencyof5Hzwhichsuppressesthe
DC portion of the triggering signal. With a changing DC
portion,thetrigger level remains at the set point in the AC
signal. The trigger type AUTO (AUTO/NORM key) includes
thePeak-Peakmodewhichsetslimitsforthetriggerinthe
AC signal. This setting means that the trigger condition
will be met for any applied signal without having to set the
Fig.6.3:ThetypeB-Trigger
level. For the triggertypeNORM(AUTO/NORMkey),the
Peak-Peakmodeisdeactivated,allowingthetrigger level
to be moved past the peak values of the signal.
❙DC: The trigger signal is coupled to the trigger circuit with
all signal portions (AC and DC voltage). This has no
impact on the triggering signal.
❙HF: The triggersignalisroutedviaa30kHz(-3dB)high
passlter.Thetrigger level is no longer adjustable. This
mode should only be used with very high frequency
signals.
❙LP (low pass): The trigger signal is coupled via low pass
withamaximumcut-offfrequencyof5kHz.Thislter
removes high frequencies and is available with AC and DC
coupling.
❙NR (noise reduction):Alowpasslterwithamaximum
cut-offfrequencyof100MHzwillimprovethenoise
performanceforthetriggeramplier.Thislterremoves
high frequencies and is available with AC and DC
coupling.
The slope trigger can be coupled with a so called „B Trig-
ger“.ThisoptionisavailableafterpushingTYPE.Thisfunc-
tionallowsyoutoadjustthetriggersuchthatrstcondi-
tion „A“ must be met and then another condition „B“ be-
fore the trigger will respond (refer to Fig. 6.3).
E.g.itispossibletodeneasource (channel) and a level
of 120mV on the rising slope of that signal and for the se-
cond condition a level of 80mV on the falling slope. Addi-
tionally,itispossibletodenewhethertheBeventshould
occuratime(min.32ns,max.10s)oranumber(min.1,
max. 216) of times after the A event. The level or time or
the number of events can be entered numerically with the
universalknoborinasubmenu.Inordertodothisrstse-
lectthesetting,thenpushthesoftkeynexttoNUMERIC
INPUT.Inthewindowwhichwillopen,youcanenternum-
bers and units with the universal knob or numerical with
KEYPADbutton.
6.4 Pulse trigger
The pulsetriggerallowstriggeringforspecicpulsewidths
of positive or negative pulses or for pulse width ranges. The
oscilloscope triggers if a pulse occurs within the signal se-
lected in the SOURCE menu that matches the properties
setintheFILTERmenu.Ifapulsefulllsthetrigger condi-
tions,theoscilloscopetriggersonthetrailingslope,i.e.for
a positive pulse it triggers on the falling slope and for a neg-
ative pulse on a rising slope.
Activate the pulsetriggerbypressingtheTYPEkey
31
in
the trigger control panel. Press the FILTER key
36
,thenyou
can select additional settings for the pulse trigger in the
soft menu.
There are 6 different options:
❙ti≠t: The pulse width ti is unequal to the reference
width t.
The coupling types low pass and noise reduction may not be ac-
tivated simultaneously.

32
Display of signals
8 Measurements
There are two different kinds of measurements on signals: cur-
sor measurements and automatic measurements. All results
are stored in a buffer memory which is larger than the display
memory. The QuickView mode delivers all available parameters
of a signal curve. The integrated hardware counter shows the
count results on the selected channel.
8.1 Cursor measurements
The most frequently used measurement method with an oscil-
loscope is the cursor measurement. This concept is oriented
towards the expected results and thus provides not only one or
two but in some modes, three cursors. Cursor measurements
are controlled by the keys: CURSOR MEASURE and the univer-
sal knob. The kind of measurement can be dened in the menu
which will open upon pushing the key CURSOR MEASURE.
The menu CURSOR MEASURE allows you to select cur-
sor-basedmeasurementsforanactivatedsignal source on
the oscilloscope. The measurement source is indicated by
the font color of the respective result. The results are dis-
playedatthebottomofthescreen.If“n/a”isdisplayed,
the measurement is not applicable to the signal. For in-
stance,thismaybethecaseforavoltagemeasurement
on a POD because only logic states without voltage ref-
erencearedisplayedhere.If“?”isdisplayed,thedisplay
does not show a complete measurement result. For in-
stance,theperiod to be measured may not display com-
pletelyandcanconsequentlynotbeidentied.
Asshownabove,theselectionofthekindofmeasurement
can be done by pushing the respective soft menu key and
selecting the kind of cursor measurement with the universal
knob. The results will be displayed below the graticule. In or-
dertomoveacursor,selectthedesiredcursorbypushing
the universal knob and position the cursor with the universal
knob. The kinds of measurements are:
VOLTAGE
This mode provides 2 cursors in order to measure 3 different
Fig. 8.1: Cursor measurements selection menu
voltages. The values V1and V2represent the voltages diffe-
rencesbetweenthezerobaselineandtheactualpositions
ofthetwocursorsontheselectedsignalcurve.ΔVrepre-
sents the voltage difference between the cursors.
TIME
This mode provides 2 cursors in order to measure 3 different
times and an equivalent frequency. The values t1and t2re-
present the times between the trigger and the position of the
cursors.Δtrepresentsthetimebetweenthecursors.
RATIO X
This mode provides 3 cursors in order to measure ratios in X
direction (e.g. a dutycycle)betweentherstandthesecond
andbetweentherstandthethirdcursors.Thevalueswill
bepresentedin4differentformats:oatingpoint,percent,
degrees,radians.
RATIO Y
This mode provides 3 cursors in order to measure ratios in
Y-direction(e.g.anovershoot)betweentherstandthese-
condandbetweentherstandthethirdcursors.Theresults
willbepresentedin2formats:oatingpoint,percent.
COUNT
This mode provides 3 cursors in order to count signal cros-
sings of a level which can be set with the third cursor for a
timespanasdenedbythedistancebetweentherstand
the second cursors. The result will be presented in 4 diffe-
rentversions:numberofrisingandfallinglevelcrossings,
number of positive and negative pulses.
PEAK LEVELS
This mode provides 2 cursors in order to measure the mini-
mum and maximum values of a signal within the time span
asdenedbythetwocursors.ThevaluesVp-andVp+re-
present the minimum and maximum values of the voltage.
Thepeak-to-peak value (Vpp) is equal to the difference bet-
ween the minimum and maximum values.
RMS,MEAN,Standarddeviation,σ
Thismodeprovides2cursorsinordertocalculatetherms,
the mean and the standard deviation σvalues of a signal
between the two cursors.
Duty cycle
This mode provides three cursors in order to calculate the
dutycycleofthesignalbetweenthetwohorizontalcur-
sors. The third vertical cursor will set the level at which the
duty cycle is determined.
Rise time 90%
This mode provides 2 cursors in order to measure the rise
and fall times between the two cursors. The rise and fall time
are measured between 10% to 90% of the signal amplitude.
Rise time 80%
This mode provides 2 cursors in order to measure the rise
and fall times between the two cursors. The rise and fall

33
Measurements
time are measured between 20% to 80% of the signal
amplitude.
V MARKER
This mode provides 2 cursors in order to measure two dif-
ferent voltages and a time span. The values V1 and V2 re-
presentthevoltagesbetweenthezerobaselineandthere-
spectivecursor.ΔVrepresentsthevoltagedifferencebet-
weenthetwocursors.Δtrepresentsthetimedifferencebet-
ween them.
IfthefunctionAUTOM.SOURCEisactivated(On),the
currently targeted channel will be used as source for the
measurement.Ifthesettingisdeactivated(Off),thechan-
nel set under SOURCE will be applied even if it is not tar-
geted. The soft menu key SOURCE allows you to se-
lect a source for the measurement by using the universal
knob. Pressing the soft menu key SET TO TRACE places
the selected cursors in their optimal position on the sig-
nal curve. This allows very fast and typically optimal auto-
maticpositioningofthecursors.Forthemostpart,only
netuningisrequiredatthispointandthetediousma-
jor adjustments to the cursors will no longer be neces-
sary.Aspreviouslydescribed,thecursorscanalsobese-
lected by pressing the universal knob and may be positi-
oned by turning the universal knob. In case the automa-
ted function SET TO TRACE does not provide the anticipa-
tedresultsduetocomplexsignals,youcanpressthekey
SETTOTRACEtopositionthecursorsinapredenedst-
arting position. This allows you to return distant cursors to
the screen.
The soft menu key GLUE TO TRACE allows cursors to stay
on the selected data point without changing the position
inthemeasurementsignalevenifthescalingismodied
(cursors will be „glued“ to the signal). This function can be
activatedordeactivated.Ifthismodeisdeactivated,the
cursor stays in position on the screen if scaling occurs.
WithGLUETOTRACEdeactivated,themeasuredvalue
changeswhileitremainsunmodiedwhenthemodeis
activated.
Pushing again the button CURSOR MEASURE switch off
al cursors.
8.2 Auto measurements
The HMO series features cursor measurements and also
various automatic measurements. These may be activated
by pressing the key AUTO MEASURE
11
in the section AN-
ALYZEofthecontrolpanel.
This menu allows you to select up to six automatic mea-
surement functions by using the soft menu key MEAS.
PLACE and the universal knob. A maximum of two mea-
surements are possible simultaneously. These may origi-
nate from two different sources. The measurement source
(soft menu SOURCE) is indicated by the font color of the
respective result. The results are displayed at the bottom
ofthescreen.If“n/a”isdisplayed,themeasurementisnot
applicabletothesignal.Forinstance,thismaybethecase
for a voltage measurement on a POD because only logic
states without voltage reference are displayed here. If “?”
isdisplayed,thedisplaydoesnotshowacompletemea-
surementresult.Forinstance,theperiod to be measured
may not display completely and can consequently not be
identied.
The following kinds of measurement are available:
MEAN
This mode measures the mean value of the signal ampli-
tude.Ifthesignalisperiodic,therstperiod on the left of
the screen will be used for the measurement. The mea-
surement will only be applied to the selected channel.
RMS
Thismodeidentiestheeffectivevaluefromthedisplayed
viewofthesignal.Ifthesignalisperiodic,therstperiod
on the left of the screen will be used for the measurement.
The effective value is not applied to a sine signal will be
calculateddirectly(so-calledTrueRMS).Themeasurement
will only be applied to the selected channel.
PEAK–TO–PEAK
This mode measures the difference in voltage between
the maximum and the minimum peak value of the signal
within the displayed view.
PEAK +
This mode measures the maximum voltage value in the
displayed view of the screen. The measurement will only
be applied to the selected channel.
PEAK –
This mode measures the minimum voltage value in the dis-
played view of the screen. The measurement will only be
applied to the selected channel.
The list of available sources only includes displayed chan-
nels (possible sources are analog, digital and mathematical
channels).
Fig. 8.2: Menu for the automatic measurements settings

34
Measurements
FREQUENCY
Thismodeidentiesthefrequency of the signal from the
reci-procalvalueoftherstsignalperiod T. The measure-
ment will only be applied to the selected channel.
PERIOD
This mode measures the duration of the signal period T.
The periodidentiesthedurationbetweentwoequalval-
ues of one periodically repeated signal.
AMPLITUDE
This mode measures the amplitude of a square wave sig-
nal. This mode calculates the difference in voltage be-
tween the upper and the lower level (Vbase and Vtop). The
measurement will only be applied to the selected channel
and requires a minimum of one complete period of a trig-
gered signal.
UPPER LEVEL
This mode measures the mean voltage level of an upper
square wave. This mode calculates the mean value of the
slope (without overshoot). The measurement will only be
applied to the selected channel and requires a minimum of
one complete period of a triggered signal.
LOWER LEVEL
This mode measures the mean voltage level of the lower
square wave. This mode calculates the mean value of the
slope (without overshoot). The measurement will only be
applied to the selected channel and requires a minimum of
one complete period of a triggered signal.
PULSE WIDTH +
This mode measures the width of the positive pulse. A
positive pulse consists of a rising slope followed by a fall-
ingslope.Thismeasurementtypeidentiesthetwoslopes
and calculates the pulse width from their time difference.
The measurement will only be applied to the selected
channel and requires a minimum of one completely dis-
played period of a triggered signal.
PULSE WIDTH –
This mode measures the width of the negative pulse. A
negative pulse consists of a falling slope followed by a ris-
ingslope.Thismeasurementtypeidentiesthetwoslopes
and calculates the pulse width from their time difference.
The measurement will only be applied to the selected
channel and requires a minimum of one completely dis-
played period of a triggered signal.
DUTY RATIO +
This mode measures the positive duty ratio.Inthismode,
positivesignalportionsareidentiedoveraspecicpe-
riodandwillthenbeanalyzedinrelationtothesignalpe-
riod. The measurement will only be applied to the selected
channel and requires a minimum of one complete period
of a triggered signal.
DUTY RATIO –
This mode measures the negative duty ratio.Inthismode,
positivenegativeportionsareidentiedoveraspecicpe-
riodandwillthenbeanalyzedinrelationtothesignalpe-
riod. The measurement will only be applied to the selected
channel and requires a minimum of one complete period
of a triggered signal.
RISE TIME 90%
This mode measures the risetimeoftherstrisingslope
in the displayed view of the screen. The rise time identi-
esthetimeinwhichthesignalrisesfrom10%to90%
of its amplitude.
FALL TIME 90%
This mode measures the falltimeoftherstfallingslope
in the displayed view of the screen. The fall time identi-
esthetimeinwhichthesignalfallsfrom90%to10%of
its amplitude.
RISE TIME 80%
This mode measures the risetimeoftherstrisingslope
in the displayed view of the screen. The rise time identi-
esthetimeinwhichthesignalrisesfrom20%to80%
of its amplitude.
FALL TIME 80%
This mode measures the falltimeoftherstfallingslope
in the displayed view of the screen. The fall time identi-
esthetimeinwhichthesignalfallsfrom80%to20%of
its amplitude.
σ-STD.DEVIATION
This mode measures the standard deviation of the signal
amplitude in the displayed view of the screen. The stan-
dard deviation is the measurement for the deviation of a
signal from its mean value. A low result indicates that the
values are close to the mean value. A higher result illus-
trates that on average the difference between the values is
greater.
DELAY
This mode measures the time delay between the set mea-
surement source and the reference source. This mode
searches for the slope of the measurement source that is
closesttothetimereference.Then,beginningfromthis
point,itsearchesforthenearestslopeofthereference
source. This time difference indicates the measurement re-
sult.Asubmenu(DELAYSETTINGS)allowsyoutoselect
the setting for measurement source,referencesource and
slopes.
PHASE
This mode measures the phase between two slopes of
two channels in the displaced view of the screen. This
mode measures the relation of the time delay between
the set sources to the signal period of the measurement
source. This mode searches for the slope of the measure-
ment sourcethatisclosesttothetimereference.Then,be-

35
Measurements
ginningfromthispoint,itsearchesforthenearestslope
of the reference source. The time difference and the signal
period indicate the measurement result in degrees. A sub-
menu (MEASUREMENT SOURCE/ REFERENCE SOURCE)
allows you to select the measurement source and the ref-
erence source.
COUNT +
This mode counts positive pulses in the displayed view of
the screen. A positive pulse consists of a rising slope fol-
lowed by a falling slope. The mean value is calculated from
the amplitude of the measurement signal. A slope will be
counted if the signal runs through the mean value. A pulse
that passes the mean value only once will not be calcu-
lated. The measurement will only be applied to the se-
lected channel.
COUNT –
This mode counts negative pulses in the displayed view of
the screen. A negative pulse consists of a falling slope fol-
lowed by a rising slope. The mean value is calculated from
the amplitude of the measurement signal. A slope will be
counted if the signal runs through the mean value. A pulse
that passes the mean value only once will not be calcu-
lated. The measurement will only be applied to the se-
lected channel.
COUNT +/
This mode counts signal changes (slopes) from Low
Level to High Level in the displayed view of the screen.
The mean value is calculated from the amplitude of the
measurement signal. A slope will be counted if the signal
runs through the mean value. The measurement will only
be applied to the selected channel.
COUNT –/
This mode counts signal changes (slopes) from High
Level to Low Level in the displayed view of the screen.
The mean value is calculated from the amplitude of the
measurement signal. A slope will be counted if the signal
runs through the mean value. The measurement will only
be applied to the selected channel.
TRIGGER FREQUENCY
This mode measures the frequency of the trigger signal
bases on the period duration. The source for the measure-
ment is the currently set trigger source. The frequency will
be determined with a hardware counter with a high accu-
racy of 6 digits.
TRIGGER PERIOD
This mode measures the duration of periods of the trigger
signal (with a hardware counter).
8.2.1 Statistics for Automatic Measurements
If automaticmeasurementfunctionsaredened,youcan
view statistics for these parameters on page 2|2 of the
AUTO MEASURE menu. The statistics allow you to eval-
uate a periodic signal over a number of measurements.
Theresults(currentvalue,minimum,maximum,mean
value,standard deviation and number of measurements)
are shown in table format in the display window. Statis-
ticsareavailableforupto1,000captures,andyoucande-
nethedesirednumberwiththeuniversal knob. The mean
value and the standarddeviationareidentiedbymeansof
the most current n values where n corresponds to the set
captures (soft menu key NO. OF AVERAGES). Minimum
and maximum of the measurement value applies to the to-
tal number of measurements. The total number of mea-
surements will be displayed in the statistics. The key RE-
SET STATISTIC resets the statistics. All recorded values are
erased. This function can be used to restart the statistics
atadenedpoint.ThekeyCLEARMEASUREMENTSde-
activates the automatic measurements.
Fig. 8.3: Statistic for Automeasurements