Saluki S2106 Series User manual

PREFACE
Thank you very much for buying and using Saluki S2106X series of Optical Time Domain Reflectometers
(OTDR). This manual mainly contains the commonly used operating safety instructions, basic
operation and specifications, as well as common troubleshooting guidelines and other information. In order to
facilitate your use, before operating this instrument, please read the contents of this manual carefully
and follow the instructions in the book correctly.
This manual is limited to use in conjunction with this instrument. No unit or individual may alter, copy or
disseminate the contents of this manual for commercial purposes without the authorization of the Company.
The contents of this manual are subject to change without prior notice. If you have any questions, please
call the supplier. We will do our best to provide you with the best service.

CATALOG
1. Summary........................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Unpacking inspection.............................................................................................................................1
1.2 Product Overview...................................................................................................................................1
1.3 Safety tips................................................................................................................................................ 2
1.4 Instrument Maintenance....................................................................................................................... 4
2. Basic Knowledge of OTDR..............................................................................................................................5
3. Basic operation and usage of OTDR series................................................................................................. 10
3.1 Front panel, top panel and bottom panel.......................................................................................... 10
3.2 ON/OFF................................................................................................................................................. 11
3.3 Connect Optical Cable......................................................................................................................... 11
3.4 Main Menu............................................................................................................................................12
3.5 OTDR Operation..................................................................................................................................13
3.6 Optical Power Peter（OPM）............................................................................................................27
3.7 Laser Source (LS).................................................................................................................................28

3.8 Visual Fault Location(VFL)................................................................................................................ 29
3.9 Event Map.............................................................................................................................................30
3.10 End Face Detector(FED)................................................................................................................... 32
3.11 Loss Test (LT)......................................................................................................................................33
3.12 System Information............................................................................................................................34
3.13 Analysis Software............................................................................................................................... 38
4. Common problems and Solutions.................................................................................................................40
4.1 How to observe the optical pulse waveform?.................................................................................... 40
4.2 How to clean the optical output interface of OTDR?.......................................................................46
4.3 How to copy the internal documents of the instrument to the U disk or computer?....................47
4.4 How to print test trace in batch?........................................................................................................ 47
4.5 How to print test trace into PDF report?...........................................................................................47
4.6 Other common faults and treatment methods.................................................................................. 48
5. Technical Specifications................................................................................................................................. 50

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1. Summary
1.1 Unpacking inspection
This instrument is packaged and transported strictly in accordance with GB/T 9174-2008 <General
Technical Conditions for Freight Transport Packaging>. When you receive this instrument, please carefully
check the product according to the packing list and check the appearance quality of the product, and timely
find out the possible damage caused by the product in the process of freight transportation. If packaging
damage is found, please notify the freight forwarder immediately while preserving the original packaging
materials and contact the supplier of this product to solve it.
1.2 Product Overview
S2106X series of Optical Time Domain Reflectometers (OTDR) is a new generation optical fiber
measurement instrument designed for optical fiber communication systems. This product is mainly used to
measure the length, loss and connection quality of all kinds of optical fibers and cables. It can quickly locate
the event and fault points in optical fibre links accurately. It can be widely used in engineering construction,
maintenance test and emergency repair of optical fiber communication system, development and production
measurement of optical fiber and cable, etc. Installation and construction of optical fiber network construction,

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or follow-up rapid and efficient maintenance and troubleshooting testing, this product can provide you
with the highest performance solutions.
1.3 Safety tips
External power supply
The power adapter input meets the following requirements：100V～240V，50/60Hz；@0.5A。
The power adapter output meets the following requirements：12V~19V，1.5A，Polarity：center positive.
Please use AC adapter attached to this instrument and use external power supply strictly in
accordance with the specifications; otherwise it may cause equipment damage.
Internal battery
Inside the instrument is a special lithium battery. Only batteries for this instrument can be used. Do not use
batteries for other instruments. Only use this instrument to charge batteries. In order to use safely, the internal
charging circuit of the instrument sets multiple protection measures such as battery voltage, charging current,
charging temperature and so on. The charging temperature of the battery in the machine ranges from 0~50℃.
When the ambient temperature is too high, the charging will automatically terminate. When the instrument is

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not used for a long time, please charge the battery regularly. It is recommended that the battery be charged
every 2 to 3 months to ensure the best performance of the battery.
Do not let the battery close to the source of fire or strong heat; do not open or damage the battery; take out
the battery when the instrument is stored for a long time. The temperature range of the battery during
long-term storage is -20~45℃.
If the battery leaks or explodes, the electrolyte will damage the clothing or skin it has touched. Electrolyte
may cause blindness. If you enter your eyes carelessly, please wash your eyes thoroughly with clean water and
go to the hospital immediately.
Laser safety
Laser radiation; do not stare into beam CLASS Ⅱlaser product.
When using this instrument, please pay attention to avoid looking directly at the laser output port, and do
not look directly at the end of the optical fiber when testing. When the instrument is finished, please cover the
dust cap of the optical output port.
LCD Screen: This series of optical cable census instruments display 7 inch color LCD with touch screen.
In order to maintain good viewing effect, please keep the LCD screen clean. When cleaning, the LCD screen

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can be cleaned by wiping with soft fabric.
Tip: Do not press the LCD screen with sharp objects or wipe the LCD screen with organic solvents,
otherwise the LCD screen may be damaged.
In the process of using the instrument, without permission, users are strictly forbidden to dismantle the
machine without permission, otherwise they will lose the warranty qualification!
Except for 1625nm/1650nm wave, other waves can not be tested with light (on-line test). Forced use
will burn out the internal components of the instrument, leading to instrument failure! (the failure
caused by this operation is not covered by the warranty)
1.4 Instrument Maintenance
The whole machine is guaranteed for 24 months, and the consumable parts of battery and optical interface
are guaranteed for 6 months. The items given with the products are not covered by this warranty. If you have
any problems, please send an email to [email protected].

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2. Basic Knowledge of OTDR
OTDR is a precise optical fiber measuring instrument based on the principle of Rayleigh scattering and
backscattering generated by Fresnel reflection when laser propagates in optical fibers. By measuring the
transmission time of optical pulses from one to the other, the distance L is calculated using the formula
L=c×t/(2n), L unit is m, C is the propagation speed of light in vacuum 2.99792 ×108m/s, t is the time of light
pulse from emission to return (unit is s), n is the group refractive index, designated by the optical fiber
manufacturer, divided by 2 in the formula, because the measurement is round-trip time.
When light propagates in optical fibers, Rayleigh scattering occurs due to the inhomogeneity of the doped
components or the defects of the fiber link itself. Some of the optical signals will be scattered back in the
opposite direction of the incident pulse, which is called backward Rayleigh scattering. The Rayleigh
backscattering light can be observed regularly. With the change of signal intensity, the loss distribution and
connection quality of optical fibers and cables can be measured accurately.
According to the theory of optical transmission, Fresnel reflection occurs when light encounters the
boundary of two kinds of transmission media with different refractive index (e.g. movable connector, break or
end of optical fiber). By receiving the Fresnel reflection signal regularly, the position of discontinuous points
along the length of optical fiber can be accurately located. The magnitude of reflection depends on the

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refractive index difference and the smoothness of the boundary surface.
The event of OTDR test refers to the abnormal point that causes abrupt change of loss or reflection power.
Including all kinds of connection points, fusion points and bending, cracks or breaks in optical fiber links,
which lead to the loss of transmission signals. They are mainly divided into two categories: reflective events
and non-reflective events.
(1) Reflective event
When OTDR transmits laser pulses along the measured optical fibers,
reflections will occur due to the sudden change of refractive index when it
encounters the active connection points or the end of the optical fibers. Some
optical signals will be returned to the instrument along the measured optical
fibers. The instrument will detect this reflection event by receiving the
reflected signal. On the OTDR test curve, there is an upward spike signal with
a certain width. The width and amplitude of the spike are mainly determined
by the pulse width used in the test and the reflected intensity.

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(2) Non-reflective event
When OTDR pulses propagate along the measured optical fibers, such as
where there is a partial loss of energy due to fusion or bending, there is no
abrupt change in refractive index, so the reflection phenomenon will not occur
or can be ignored. OTDR can detect the non-reflective event parameters at the
OTDR receiver through backscattering. The non-reflective event shows a
signal of energy decrease on the OTDR test curve, and its decreasing range
indicates power loss.
(3) Dynamic Range
The dynamic range is an important parameter of OTDR,
which takes dB as unit. This parameter is expressed as the
maximum optical loss that OTDR can analyze when the
backscattering level from the output port of the instrument is
reduced to a specific noise level. In the actual use of OTDR,
this parameter is usually measured by the farthest fiber link

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distance that OTDR can test under the condition of the maximum test pulse width provided by the instrument.
Therefore, under the same link condition, the larger the dynamic range, the longer the distance of the optical
fiber link that the instrument can test.
The maximum test distance of OTDR is different, because the loss of the link under test is different.
Connectors, fuses and spectrometers are also factors that reduce OTDR test length.
(4) Event Blind Zone(EBZ) and Attenuation Blind Zone(ABZ)
Due to the influence of connection points or connectors, some parts of the link cannot be measured. OTDR
blind area is divided into event blind area and attenuation blind area, which are generated by Fresnel
reflection and expressed by the distance (m) .
Event Blind Zone: The shortest distance between the detection of Fresnel
reflection signal and the recognition of the next Fresnel reflection signal by
OTDR is defined by the pulse width less than 1.5dB of the peak value.
Attenuation Blind Zone: The shortest distance that from detecting Fresnel
reflection to normal testing backward Rayleigh scattering.The phase cannot
measure fusion loss due to adjacent large reflection.

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(5) Splice Loss
This series of OTDR mainly use four-point marking method:
Measurements are performed at four points: starting point A, starting
point B, ending point C and ending point D. The weld loss is calculated
by the level difference of the mark B of the approximate line between B-A
and C-D. Please set mark B in the correct position. The weld loss depends
largely on the location of B. The measured loss between tags depends on
the approximation method specified.
(6) Return Loss (RL)
RL is the ratio of reflected light Pr to incident light Pi in dB. Using the formula RL=-10log (Pr/Pi), the
greater the echo loss, the smaller the reflected light energy, indicating that the better the measured light path.

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3. Basic operation and usage of OTDR series
3.1 Front panel, top panel and bottom panel

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3.2 ON/OFF
Press the power switch for more than 3 seconds. If the instrument starts normally, ON indicator lights up
and displays the main screen. If an external adapter is
connected and the battery is charged, the CHARGE
LED is red. When the battery is full, the CHARGE
LED is green.
Battery power will be displayed at the top of the
screen. When the power is too low, a warning message
will appear. Please connect the instrument to the power socket with a random adapter and charge it in time.
3.3 Connect Optical Cable
Warning
Light is emitted from the light source port of the instrument. Do not unplug the connected optical
cable. If light enters the eyes, it may hurt the eyes.
If the light source port is not connected to the optical cable, please cover the cover of the light source
port. When using an instrument with more than two light source ports, if light from another port
enters the eye, it may harm eyes.

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Attention：
Before connecting the cable connector, make sure that the type of connector is matched. The wrong type of
joint or contaminated joint will not only lead to inaccurate measurement, but also may damage the optical
interface of the instrument. The correct way: clean the end face with absolute alcohol before inserting the
optical fiber connector (jumper), and then connect with the instrument after the alcohol evaporates.
If the port is not connected to the optical cable, the dust cover should be immediately covered to prevent
dust or other dirt from attaching to the optical output port of the instrument.
3.4 Main Menu
After opening the instrument, the main screen is displayed first. When using various functions, first select
functions from the home screen, and then set up or measure them.
Press each function icon to enter the corresponding function, or select a function with the soft key (F1 - F5)
on the right side. The " Menu (1/2)" key in the upper right corner of the home screen can switch the main
menu to the next page or return to the previous page.

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3.5 OTDR Operation
In OTDR
interface, after
the test , the
event list is
displayed, it
shows the
distance, slope,
event loss,
reflection and
total loss of
cable starting
point, cable
section,
intermediate
event point and end.

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3.5.1 Introduction and Setting Method of Parameters
It is necessary for
accurate measurement to set
the parameters of the
instrument correctly.
Therefore, before using the
instrument, the parameters
must be set according to the
requirements.
Press [SET] or "Advance"
menu to enter the parameter
setting interface, press the
corresponding menu, you
can check the corresponding
functions.

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Wave：Set the test wavelength of OTDR。
Setting method: Under the parameter setting interface, the corresponding wave can be selected by pressing
[Wave], [1310nm], [1550nm] or [1310/1550nm].
Measurement mode：The method used to select OTDR scanning events includes "auto test", "real test" ,
"average test" and "PON mode".
Auto-Test：Intelligent test method. In this way, the instrument will automatically match the test conditions
according to the measured links, without the need for users to set parameters manually.
Real-Test ：Real-time scanning of the measured link and displaying the test results each time can realize
dynamic monitoring of the link and the state before and after continuation.
Av.-Test ：In order to further improve the quality and accuracy of the test curve, the scanning results are
accumulated and averaged.
PON Mode：Test optical links with splitters.
Setting method: Under the parameter setting interface, press [Auto Test], [Real-T], [Aver.-T], and [PON], and
select the appropriate test mode.

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Test Range：Setting scanning track range.
Range setting is based on the actual length of the optical fiber to select the corresponding predefined range,
must be greater than the length of the measured optical fiber, usually required to be set to about twice the
length of the measured optical fiber. The longer the distance, the longer the test time.
Setting method: Under the parameter setting interface, press the [Range], that is, 500m ~ 256km option,
press to select the corresponding range.
Pulse Width：Setting the width of laser pulse emitted by the instrument.
Pulse width settings vary with distance settings. This series of OTDR has simplified the test pulse width
according to the range of different lengths, which greatly facilitates the operator's selection process. In
practice, it is recommended to use the upper limit pulse width of the optional range.
Narrow pulse：Adjacent time (reflection and loss) can be measured, but long distance cannot be measured.
Wide pulse: Long distance can be tested, but multiple adjacent events can be identified as a single event.
Setting method: Under the parameter setting interface, press the menu of Pulse, that is, the option of
3ns~20000ns appears, and press to select the corresponding pulse width.
Average time: The range is between 5s and 300s.
Setting method: press [Test time], the 5s ~ 300s options appear, and select the corresponding time.