Seagate STD2401LW-S User manual

Important information about this
document
The following document, the Scorpion 40 DDS-4 Tape Drive Product Manual, is
the complete guide for this tape drive. Because the tape drive comes installed
in your GatewayTM computer, some of the information in the product manual
does not apply. This information is listed below.
■Installing hardware and software
Your Scorpion 40 DDS-4 Tape Drive comes installed on your Gateway
computer. Should you need to reinstall software or drivers, you can do
so using your Gateway System Restoration CD or Gateway Server
Companion CD. Disregard information about installing software and
drivers from diskettes. Use only the CDs mentioned above.
■Reaching technical support
For technical support, contact Gateway and not the technical support
contacts mentioned in the manual. You can access Gateway technical
support at www.gateway.com.
■Warranty information
Your Gateway warranty applies to the entire system, which includes the
Scorpion 40 DDS-4 Tape Drive. No other warranty, including the one in
the manual, is applicable.
■Disregard the following information:
■All references to installing a 3-5-inch internal Scorpion 40 drive or
an external Scorpion 40 drive.
■All references to purchasing a SCSI termination connector. Gateway
supplies the SCSI termination connector on this system.
■All references to purchasing a cleaning tape. Gateway supplies a
cleaning tape. Clean the tape heads as instructed in the manual.
■All references to installing revised firmware.
■All references to dip-switch 10 settings. Dip-switch 10 comes
configured in the off position. The Vendor ID for this switch is set
to “Archive Python.”
8505421.fm Page 1 Wednesday,October 27, 1999 10:20 AM

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© 1999 Seagate Technology, Inc. All rights reserved
Publication Number: 10006598-001, Version A, October 22, 1999
Seagate, Seagate Technology, the Seagate logo, Scorpion and the Scorpion logo are trademarks
or registered trademarks of Seagate Technology, Inc. Other product names are trademarks or
registered trademarks of their owners.
Seagate reserves the right to change, without notice, product offerings or specifications. No part
of this publication may be reproduced in any form without written permission from Seagate
Technology, Inc.

FCC Notice
This equipment generates and uses radio frequency energy and, if not installed and
used properly—that is, in strict accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions—
may cause interference to radio communications or radio and television reception. It
has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B computing device
in accordance with the specifications in Part 15 of FCC Rules, which are designed to
provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residential installation.
However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular
installation. If this equipment does cause interference to radio or television reception,
which can be determined by turning the equipment on and off, you are encouraged
to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
•Reorient the receiving antenna.
•Relocate the computer with respect to the receiver.
•Move the computer into a different outlet so that the computer and receiver are
on different branch circuits.
If necessary, you should consult the dealer or an experienced radio/television
technician for additional suggestions. You may find the booklet,
How to Identify and
Resolve Radio-TV Interference Problems,
prepared by the Federal Communications
Commission, helpful. This booklet (Stock No. 004-000-00345-4) is available from the
U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.
Warning. Changes or modifications made to this equipment which have not been
expressly approved by Seagate Technology may cause radio and
television interference problems that could void the user’s authority to
operate the equipment.
Further, this equipment complies with the limits for a Class B digital apparatus in
accordance with Canadian Radio Interference Regulations.
Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme au Règlement sur brouillage
radioélectrique, C. R. C., ch. 1374.
The external device drive described in this manual requires shielded interface cables
to comply with FCC emission limits.
Additional Warnings:
•To prevent fire or electrical shock hazard, do not expose the unit to rain or
moisture.
•To avoid electrical shock, do not open the cabinet.
•Refer servicing to qualified personnel.

About This Manual
All information contained in or disclosed by this document is considered proprietary
by Seagate Technology. By accepting this material, the recipient agrees that this
material and the information contained therein are held in confidence and in trust and
will not be used, reproduced in whole or in part, nor its contents revealed to others,
except to meet the purpose for which it was delivered. It is understood that no right is
conveyed to reproduce or translate any item herein disclosed without express written
permission from Seagate Technology.
Seagate Technology provides this manual “as is,” without warranty of any kind, either
expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of
merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Seagate Technology reserves
the right to change, without notification, the specifications contained in this manual.
Seagate Technology assumes no responsibility for the accuracy, completeness,
sufficiency, or usefulness of this manual, nor for any problem that may arise from the
use of the information in this manual.
Following are brief descriptions of the sections in this manual.
Chapter 1, “Introduction” provides general specifications, features and an
overview on DDS technology.
Chapter 2, “Specifications” contains physical, performance, environmental,
reliability, and power specifications.
Chapter 3, “Installation” provides cautions, unpacking tips, inspection information
and installation/connection steps.
Chapter 4, “Drive Operation and Maintenance” explains the operation of the drive
and describes necessary maintenance procedures.
Chapter 5, “Theory of Operations” details the functional operation of various
assemblies of the drive.
Chapter 6, “Data Compression” describes the data compression algorithm and
explains pertinent information for effective use of data compression.

iii Contents
Contents
Introduction 1
Overview......................................................................................................................1
DDS Format Standard Compatibility .....................................................................1
Scorpion 40 Capacity and Transfer Rates ............................................................2
Features.......................................................................................................................3
Scorpion 40 drive models ............................................................................................3
Specifications 7
Overview......................................................................................................................7
Physical Specifications ................................................................................................7
Power Specifications....................................................................................................9
Drive Performance Specifications..............................................................................10
Environmental Requirements.....................................................................................11
Reliability....................................................................................................................11
Mean Time Between Failures..............................................................................11
Mean Time to Repair...........................................................................................12
DDS Cartridge Specifications ....................................................................................12
Regulatory Compliance..............................................................................................13
Installation 15
Introduction................................................................................................................15
Unpacking and Inspection..........................................................................................15
Installing an internal Scorpion 40...............................................................................15
Guidelines and cautions......................................................................................16
Configuring an internal Scorpion 40....................................................................16
Jumper settings...................................................................................................16
Dip-switch settings ..............................................................................................18
Mounting an internal Scorpion 40........................................................................20
Installing an external Scorpion 40..............................................................................24
Configuring the external Scorpion 40..................................................................24
Connecting the SCSI interface cable ..................................................................25
Connecting the power cord .................................................................................25

iv Scorpion 40 DDS-4 Product Manual
Drive Operation and Maintenance 27
Loading a cartridge ................................................................................................... 27
Unloading a cartridge................................................................................................ 27
Initializing a blank cartridge....................................................................................... 28
DDS cartridge compatibility....................................................................................... 28
Write-protecting a cartridge....................................................................................... 29
LED codes................................................................................................................. 29
Clean LED .......................................................................................................... 30
Media LED.......................................................................................................... 30
Drive LED ........................................................................................................... 30
LED Code summary ........................................................................................... 31
Cleaning the tape heads........................................................................................... 31
When to clean the tape heads............................................................................ 31
How to clean the tape heads.............................................................................. 31
Automatic drive spin-down and write ........................................................................ 32
Operating the Drive in High temperature or humidity conditions............................... 32
Data compression..................................................................................................... 33
Loading revised firmware from Seagate firmware cartridges.................................... 33
Flash memory..................................................................................................... 33
Firmware download process............................................................................... 33
Theory of operations 35
Overview................................................................................................................... 35
The STD1401LW drive mechanism.................................................................... 36
Motors and control circuits........................................................................................ 38
Timing tracking circuitry...................................................................................... 38
Signal-processing electronics............................................................................. 38
Flash memory ........................................................................................................... 39
Sensors..................................................................................................................... 39
Read-After-Write....................................................................................................... 39
Media Recognition System (MRS)............................................................................ 40
About the DDS data cartridge................................................................................... 40
Data compression 43
Introduction ............................................................................................................... 43
Data compression—general............................................................................... 43
Data Compression Considerations..................................................................... 44
Hardware compression....................................................................................... 45
Data integrity ...................................................................................................... 45
DCLZ algorithm......................................................................................................... 46

v Contents
Simplified compression operation .......................................................................46
Dictionary ............................................................................................................47
Simplified Decompression Operation..................................................................48

vi Scorpion 40 DDS-4 Product Manual
Figures
Figure 1. 3.5-Inch Internal Scorpion 40............................................................................................................. 4
Figure 2. Internal Scorpion 40 Drive with drive rails for mounting in 5.25-inch drive bay ................................. 4
Figure 3. External Scorpion 40.......................................................................................................................... 5
Figure 4. Internal Scorpion 40 Drive—Dimensions...........................................................................................8
Figure 5. Internal DDS Drive with Rails—Dimensions ......................................................................................8
Figure 6. Jumper settings for internal Scorpion 40 ......................................................................................... 17
Figure 7. Dip-switch settings for internal Scorpion 40.....................................................................................18
Figure 8. Mounting a drive............................................................................................................................... 20
Figure 9. Mounting holes for Scorpion 40 drive in 3.5-inch configuration (without mounting brackets).......... 20
Figure 10. Mounting holes for internal Scorpion 40 in 5.25-inch configuration (with mounting brackets)....... 21
Figure 11. Interface and power connectors on internal Scorpion 40............................................................... 22
Figure 12. Two SCSI termination examples for internal Scorpion 40. ............................................................ 22
Figure 13. Power connector on the internal Scorpion 40................................................................................ 23
Figure 14. Rear panel of external Scorpion 40 ...............................................................................................24
Figure 15. SCSI termination examples for external Scorpion 40 .................................................................... 25
Figure 16. Loading a tape cartridge ................................................................................................................ 27
Figure 17. Location of Eject button and LEDs on internal Scorpion 40 (external drive is similar)................... 28
Figure 18. Write-protect tab on a DDS cartridge............................................................................................. 29
Figure 19. Front panel of internal Scorpion 40 (external drive is similar)........................................................ 29
Figure 20. Four-head cylinder design .............................................................................................................37
Figure 21. Alternating azimuth angles on tape tracks.....................................................................................38
Figure 22. DDS-4 cartridge design features.................................................................................................... 41
Figure 23. Write-Protect Tab on the DDS Cartridge ....................................................................................... 41

Introduction 1
Introduction
Overview
The Seagate®Scorpion®40 digital data storage (DDS) drive is designed for
computer environments that require high-performance, high-capacity data storage.
Based on a 3.5-inch mechanism, the internal and external Scorpion 40 models
provide 20 Gbytes of data-storage capacity, 40 Gbytes compressed, with a native
transfer rate of 2.75 Mbytes per second, 5.5 Mbytes per second compressed.
The Scorpion 40 drive combines established DAT technology, high-density recording
and hardware data-compression capability along with Seagate’s proven computer-
grade design to provide unmatched reliability and performance characteristics
among DDS products. The Scorpion 40 is ideal for workstation, server and
network/enterprise applications such as:
•Backup of high-capacity fixed discs
•Data interchange between systems
•Network servers
•Loader products
•Online data collection
•Near-line secondary storage for text, graphics or multimedia information of all
types
•Archival storage
DDS Format Standard Compatibility
The Scorpion 40 drive supports the DDS-4, DDS-3, DDS-2 and DDS recording
formats. Compatibility with each of these standards ensures complete write and read
interchange of recorded digital data between all compliant drive and media vendors.
Note: The Scorpion 40 can use 90-meter DDS-1 media but not 60-meter DDS-1
media.
The Scorpion 40 drive supports DDS data compression, effectively doubling storage
capacity and transfer rates.
The Scorpion 40 drive complies with the following guidelines and specifications:
1

2 Scorpion 40 DDS-4 Product Manual, Version A
•The DDS recording format standard, ANSI/ECMA-139,
3,81mm Wide Magnetic
Tape Cartridge for Information Interchange - Helical Scan Recording - DDS
Format.
•The DDS-DC recording format standard, ANSI/ECMA-150,
3,81mm Wide
Magnetic Tape Cartridge for Information Interchange - Helical Scan Recording -
DDS-DC Format using 90 m length tapes.
Note: The Scorpion 40 can use 90-meter DDS-1 media but not 60-meter
DDS-1 media.
•The DDS-2 recording format standard, ANSI/ECMA-198,
3,81mm Wide Magnetic
Tape Cartridge for Information Interchange - Helical Scan Recording - DDS-2
Format using 120 m Length Tapes.
•The DDS-3 recording format standard, ANSI/ECMA-236,
3,81mm Wide Magnetic
Tape Cartridge for Information Interchange - Helical Scan Recording - DDS-3
Format using 125 m Length Tapes.
•The DDS-4 recording format specification from ECMA-288:
3,81 mm Wide
Magnetic Tape Cartridge for Information Interchange - Helical Scan Recording:
DDS-4 Format.
Note: For the latest ECMA standards, see the ECMA web site at
http://www.ecma.ch
Scorpion 40 Capacity and Transfer Rates
The Scorpion 40 provides the following capacities and transfer rates, depending on
recording mode and tape length:
Recording Mode
DDS-1 DDS-2 DDS-3 DDS-4
Tape length 90 meters 120 meters 125 meters 150 meters
Capacity
(native) 2.0 Gbytes 4.0 Gbytes 12.0 Gbytes 20.0 Gbytes
Capacity
(compressed) 4 Gbytes 8 Gbytes 24 Gbytes 40 Gbytes
Transfer rate
(native) 1,375 Kbytes/sec 1,375 Kbytes/sec 2,750 Kbytes/sec 2,750 Kbytes/sec
In data-compression mode, the Seagate Scorpion 40 drive typically doubles the
storage capacity and transfer rate of the native uncompressed operation. Tape
capacity and sustained data-transfer rate are dependent upon the characteristics of
the files being compressed, along with system parameters such as the speed of the
host, the operating system and the application software used. The Scorpion 40 drive
also offers synchronous or asynchronous SCSI transfers with a high-speed burst
data-transfer rate of 40 Mbytes per second.

Introduction 3
The Scorpion 40 provides superb reliability through three levels of error-correction
code (ECC) and the four-head design, which provides for read-after-write (RAW)
error detection and correction. The Scorpion 40 also includes a “flying” preamplifier
for greater signal-to-noise ratio.
Features
The Scorpion 40 DDS drive represents Seagate’s commitment to engineering
reliable and durable tape drive products that implement leading-edge technology.
Key features of the drive include:
•Platform based on state-of-the-art drive mechanism and tape handling
components sealed in a dust-free enclosure.
•Three form factors available: 3.5-inch internal form-factor for installation in a 3.5-
inch half-height space (model STD1401LW); 3.5-inch drive with factory-installed
5.25-inch mounting rails and bezel for installation in a 5.25-inch half-height space
(model STD2401LW); and external subsystem with built-in, auto-sensing,
worldwide power supply (model STD6401LW)
•ANSI/ECMA compliance and capability to write and read DDS-4, DDS-3, DDS-2,
DDS-DC and DDS cartridges. (The Scorpion 40 can use 90-meter DDS-1 media
but not 60-meter DDS-1 media).
•Advanced onboard DDS-DC hardware using Data Compression Lempel-Ziv
(DCLZ) data-compression algorithm
•High-speed transfer rates for fast backups:
– 2.75 Mbytes per second typical—uncompressed data
– 5.5 Kbytes per second typical—compressed data
•High-performance SCSI burst transfer rate of 10 Mbytes per second
asynchronous and 80 Mbytes per second synchronous
•Flash memory to store setup parameters and enable field firmware upgrades
•Four-head design with RAW error detection and rewrites
•Three levels of ECC to ensure data integrity
•Uncorrectable error rate of less than 1 in 1015 bits
•Custom Seagate-designed LSI circuitry to reduce component count and boost
drive reliability
•LVD / Ultra Wide SCSI connection
•Automatic power-on self-test
•Support for TapeAlert™ Certified Solutions
Scorpion 40 drive models
The Scorpion 40 3.5-inch and 5.25-inch internal drives are tailored for easy
installation in today’s computers, and the full-featured embedded SCSI controller
facilitates easy integration into a variety of systems. Scorpion 40 models include:

4 Scorpion 40 DDS-4 Product Manual, Version A
•A 3.5-inch, half-height DDS-4 drive that mounts internally–model STD1401LW
(see Figure 1).
Figure 1. 3.5-Inch Internal Scorpion 40
•A 5.25-inch, half-height DDS-4 drive that consists of a 3.5-inch drive with 5.25-
inch mounting rails and bezel that mounts internally in a 5.25-inch, half-height
space–model STD2401LW (see Figure 2).
Figure 2. Internal Scorpion 40 Drive with drive rails for mounting in 5.25-inch drive bay
•A complete external subsystem that contains the 3.5-inch DDS-4 drive and built-
in worldwide power supply–model STD6401LW (See Figure 3).

Introduction 5
Figure 3. External Scorpion 40

Specifications 7
Specifications
Overview
This chapter includes technical specifications for the internal and external SCSI
drives. This information covers the following specifications and requirements:
•Physical specifications
•Power specifications
•Drive performance specifications
•Environmental requirements
•Reliability
•DDS cartridge specifications
•Regulatory compliance
Physical Specifications
The physical specifications of the Scorpion 40 internal and external models are listed
in the following table:
Specification Internal Internal with rails External
Height 1.6 in/41.2 mm 1.6 in/41.2 mm 2.7 in/69 mm
Width 4.0 in/101.6 mm 5.74 in/146.0 mm 6.1 in/155.0 mm
Length 5.7 in/146.0 mm 6.9 in/175.0 mm 9.3 in/236.0 mm
Weight 1.4 lb/0.62 kg 1.8 lb/0.87 kg 4.1 lb/1.8 kg
Figures 4 and 5 on the following pages show the dimensions of the internal 3.5-inch
and 5.25-inch drives.
2

8 Scorpion 40 DDS-4 Product Manual, Version A
41.3 mm
(1.63 in) 101.6 mm
(4.00 in)
101.6 mm
(4.00 in)
94.0 mm
(3.70 in)
3.8 mm (0.15 in)
13.0 mm (0.51 in)
2 places
5.0 mm (0.196 in)
2 places
90.0 mm
(3.54 in)
2 places 70.0 mm
(2.75 in)
6.0 mm
(0.24 in)
31.0 mm
(1.22 in)
146.0 mm
(5.75 in)
41.2 mm
(1.62 in)
60.0 mm
(2.36 in)
2 places
21.0 mm (0.83 in)
2 places
Side View Bottom View
M3.0 x 4 deep min.
(10 places)
M3.0 x 4 deep min.
(4 places)
Note:Tolerance for all dimensions is 0.25mm (0.01 in)
Figure 4. Internal Scorpion 40 Drive—Dimensions
41.3 mm
(1.63 in)
31.5 mm (1.24 in)
146 mm
(5.75 in)
174.6 mm
(6.87 in) 79.4 mm
(3.13 in)
47.6 mm
(1.87 in)
21.8 mm (0.86 in)
9.9 mm (0.39 in)
16-M3
41.2 mm
(1.62 in) 139.7 mm (5.50 in)
149.1 mm (5.87 in)
Side View Bottom View
Note:Tolerance for all dimensions is 0.25mm (0.01 in)
Figure 5. Internal DDS Drive with Rails—Dimensions

Specifications 9
Power Specifications
The following table lists the power specifications for the internal Scorpion 40 drives.
Specification +12 VDC supply +5 VDC supply
Voltage Tolerance + or – 10% + or – 7%
Operational Current 250 milliamps max 1.35 Amps max
Standby Current 15 milliamps max 1.2 Amps max
Surge (peak) 600 milliamps max 1.5 Amps max
Ripple (peak-to-peak) ≤100 mV ≤100 mV
Total power consumption for the Scorpion 40 (including both the +5V and +12V
power supplies) is as follows:
Standby Power 6.0 Watts max
Operating Power 9.0 Watts typical, 10.0 Watts max
Surge (start up) 14.0 Watts max
Note: Surge power and current are measured over a 20-msec period.
The following table lists pin assignments of the power connector for the internal
Scorpion 40.
Pin Assignment
1 +12 VDC
2 +12 return
3 +5 return
4 +5 VDC
The external drives have a built-in power supply that senses the incoming voltage
and automatically adapts to voltages within the range of 100 to 240 volts, 50 to 60
Hz. The following table lists its power specifications.
Specification AC Input Voltage
100 (Japan) 120 (US) 240 (European)
AC Input Current 100 milliamps 85 milliamps 170 milliamps
AC Input Power 10.0 watts 10.0 watts 10.0 watts
Note: The drive employs a power sensing circuit that automatically detects a loss
of supply voltage from the host. Temporary loss of supply voltage or voltage
spikes may result in the drive electronics being reset to their initialized state,
but shall under no circumstances result in a loss of recorded data.

10 Scorpion 40 DDS-4 Product Manual, Version A
Drive Performance Specifications
The following table lists the specifications for the Scorpion 40 drive.
Specification Value
Capacity90 m MP
120 m MP+
125 m MP++
150 m MP+++
4.0 Gbytes
8.0 Gbytes
24.0 Gbytes
40.0 Gbytes
Flux density (DDS-4) 6,004 flux transitions per mm
Track density (DDS-4) 147.34 tracks per mm
Error recovery Read-after-write
Reed Solomon ECC (C3 - 3 levels)
Recording unrecoverable errors < 1 in 1015 data bits
Tape drive type Computer grade 4DD mechanism
Head configuration 2 read heads, 2 write heads
Recording format DDS-4
Recording method Helical scan (R-DAT)
Cartridge 2.9 in × 2.1 in × 0.4 in
Transfer rate (sustained) 5.500 Kbytes per sec (DC ON)
Synchronous transfer rate (burst) 80 Mbytes per sec max
Asynchronous transfer rate (burst) 10 Mbytes per sec max
Search speed (max) 400x normal (3260 mm per sec)
Average access time
90 m cartridge
120 m cartridge
125 m cartridge
<30 sec
<40 sec
<40 sec
Drum rotation speed 10,000 RPM (all DDS modes)
Tape speed 20.375 mm per sec.
Head-to-tape speed 20.4 mm per sec.