Sharp el-9950 User manual
1
Introduction
This graphing calculator can handle many types of mathematical formulas and
expressions for you. It is powerful enough to process very complex formulas used in
rocket science, but yet so compact that it fits in your coat pocket. The main features of
this graphing calculator are as follows:
• GraphingCapabilitytohelpyouvisualizewhatyouareworkingon,
• SlideShowFunctiontohelpyouunderstandcommonformulas,preparefor
presentations,
• Largememorycapacity,withfastprocessingspeed,andmore.
We strongly recommend you read this manual thoroughly. If not, then browse through
theveryrstchapter“GettingStarted”,atleast.Last,butnotleast,congratulationson
purchasingtheGraphingCalculator!
NOTICE
• Thematerialinthismanualissuppliedwithoutrepresentationorwarrantyofany
kind.SHARPassumesnoresponsibilityandshallhavenoliabilityofanykind,
consequential or otherwise, from the use of this material.
• SHARPstronglyrecommendsthatseparatepermanentwrittenrecordsbekeptofall
important data. Data may be lost or altered in virtually any electronic memory product
undercertaincircumstances.Therefore,SHARPassumesnoresponsibilityfordata
lost or otherwise rendered unusable whether as a result of improper use, repairs,
defects, battery replacement, use after the specified battery life has expired, or any
other cause.
• SHARPassumesnoresponsibility,directlyorindirectly,fornanciallossesorclaims
from third persons resulting from the use of this product and any of its functions, the
loss of or alteration of stored data, etc.
• Theinformationprovidedinthismanualissubjecttochangewithoutnotice.
• Screensandkeysshowninthismanualmaydifferfromtheactualonesonthe
calculator.
• Someoftheaccessoriesandoptionalpartsdescribedinthismanualmaynotbe
available at the time you purchase this product.
• Allcompanyand/orproductnamesaretrademarksand/orregisteredtrademarksof
their respective holders.
2
Contents
CaringforYourCalculator................................................................................................7
Chapter 1
Getting Started ..............................................................................................................8
Before Use.......................................................................................................................8
UsingtheHardCover ....................................................................................................10
PartNamesandFunctions............................................................................................11
Main Unit ...............................................................................................................11
Basic Key Operations ....................................................................................................15
QuickRun-through ........................................................................................................16
Chapter 2
Operating the Graphing Calculator............................................................................18
BasicKeyOperations-StandardCalculationKeys.......................................................18
1. Entering numbers ..............................................................................................18
2.Performingstandardmathcalculations..............................................................20
CursorBasics ................................................................................................................20
Editing Entries ...............................................................................................................22
SecondFunctionKey.....................................................................................................23
ALPHAKey....................................................................................................................24
MathFunctionKeys......................................................................................................25
MATH,STAT,andPRGMMenuKeys ............................................................................27
SETUPMenu.................................................................................................................28
SETUPMenuItems.......................................................................................................29
CalculationsUsingMATHMenuItems ..........................................................................32
PrecedenceofCalculations...........................................................................................45
Error Messages .............................................................................................................46
ResettingtheCalculator ................................................................................................47
1. Using the reset switch........................................................................................47
2.SelectingtheRESETwithintheOPTIONmenu ................................................48
Chapter 3
Manual Calculations....................................................................................................49
1.Tryit! ..........................................................................................................................49
2.Tryit! ..........................................................................................................................51
3.ArithmeticKeys..........................................................................................................52
4.CalculationsUsingVariousFunctionKeys.................................................................54
5.MoreVariables:SingleValueVariablesand
LISTVariables..........................................................................................................65
6.TOOLMenu ...............................................................................................................65
3
Contents
Chapter 4
Graphing Features.......................................................................................................68
1.Tryit! ..........................................................................................................................68
2.Tryit! ..........................................................................................................................71
3.ExplanationsofVariousGraphingKeys.....................................................................74
4.GraphModes .............................................................................................................79
5.GraphingParametricEquations.................................................................................80
6.PolarGraphing...........................................................................................................81
7.GraphingSequences .................................................................................................82
8.TheCALCFunction ...................................................................................................86
9.FormatSetting ...........................................................................................................90
10.SettingaWindow.....................................................................................................92
11. Tables.......................................................................................................................93
12.TheDRAWFunction ................................................................................................96
13.OtherUsefulGraphingFeatures............................................................................111
Splitscreen..........................................................................................................111
Substitutionfeature..............................................................................................113
Chapter 5
SLIDE SHOW Feature................................................................................................116
1.Tryit! ........................................................................................................................116
2.TheSLIDESHOWmenu .........................................................................................119
Chapter 6
Matrix Features..........................................................................................................121
1.Tryit! ........................................................................................................................121
2.EnteringandViewingaMatrix .................................................................................123
Editing keys and functions ...................................................................................124
3.NormalMatrixOperations........................................................................................125
4.SpecialMatrixOperations........................................................................................126
CalculationsusingOPEmenus ...........................................................................126
CalculationsusingMATHmenus.........................................................................130
Use of [ ] menus ..................................................................................................131
4
Contents
Chapter 7
List Features ..............................................................................................................132
1.Tryit! ........................................................................................................................132
2.Creatingalist...........................................................................................................134
3.NormalListOperations............................................................................................134
4.SpecialListOperations............................................................................................136
CalculationsusingtheOPEmenufunctions .......................................................136
CalculationsusingMATHMenus.........................................................................140
CalculationsusingVECTORMenus ....................................................................143
5. Drawing multiple graphs using the list function........................................................144
6.UsingL_DATAfunctions...........................................................................................144
7.UsingListTabletoEnterorEditLists ......................................................................145
Howtoenterthelist.............................................................................................145
Howtoeditthelist ...............................................................................................146
Chapter 8
Statistics & Regression Calculations ......................................................................147
1.Tryit! ........................................................................................................................147
2.StatisticsFeatures ...................................................................................................151
1.STATmenus.....................................................................................................151
2.StatisticalevaluationsavailableundertheCCALCmenu ...............................152
3.Graphingthestatisticaldata ....................................................................................155
1.GraphTypes..................................................................................................... 155
2.Specifyingstatisticalgraphandgraphfunctions..............................................159
3.Statisticalplottingon/offfunction .....................................................................159
4. Trace function of statistical graphs...................................................................160
4. Data list operations..................................................................................................161
5.RegressionCalculations ..........................................................................................162
6.StatisticalHypothesisTesting ..................................................................................167
7. Distribution functions ...............................................................................................179
Chapter 9
Financial Features.....................................................................................................185
1.Tryit!1 .....................................................................................................................185
2.Tryit!2 .....................................................................................................................189
3.CALCfunctions........................................................................................................191
4.VARSMenu .............................................................................................................195
5
Contents
Chapter 10
The SOLVER Feature.................................................................................................196
1.ThreeAnalysisMethods:Equation,Newton&bisection,andGraphic ....................196
2.Saving/RenamingEquationsforLaterUse..............................................................202
3.RecallingaPreviouslySavedEquation ...................................................................203
FunctionsoftheSOLVERfeature........................................................................203
Chapter 11
Programming Features .............................................................................................204
1.Tryit! ........................................................................................................................204
2.ProgrammingHints ..................................................................................................206
3.Variables ..................................................................................................................207
Settingavariable.................................................................................................207
Index of variables in the programs.......................................................................207
4. Operands .................................................................................................................207
Comparisonoperands .........................................................................................207
5.Programmingcommands.........................................................................................208
APRGMmenuPA..............................................................................208
BBRNCHmenuPB...........................................................................209
CSCRNmenuPC..............................................................................210
DI/OmenuPD...................................................................................210
ESETUPmenuPE............................................................................210
FFORMATmenuPF..........................................................................212
GS_PLOTmenuPG..........................................................................213
6.Flowcontroltools.....................................................................................................214
7. Other menus convenient for programming...............................................................216
HCOPYmenuPH..............................................................................216
VARSmenu .........................................................................................................217
8. Debugging ...............................................................................................................219
9.Preinstalledprogram................................................................................................220
Calculatingtheareabetweenequationsforagiveninterval ...............................220
Chapter 12
OPTION Menu ............................................................................................................222
AccessingtheOPTIONMenu .....................................................................................222
1.Adjustingthescreencontrast ..........................................................................222
2.Checkingthememoryusage ...........................................................................222
3. Deleting files ....................................................................................................224
4.LinkingtoanotherEL-9950orPC ...................................................................224
5.Resetfunction..................................................................................................227
6
Contents
Appendix
1.ReplacingBatteries..................................................................................................228
2.TroubleshootingGuide .............................................................................................231
3.Specications...........................................................................................................233
4.ErrorCodesandErrorMessages............................................................................235
5.ErrorConditionsRelatingtoSpecicTasks .............................................................237
1.Financial ..........................................................................................................237
2. Error conditions during financial calculations...................................................239
3. Distribution function .........................................................................................239
6.CalculationRange ...................................................................................................241
1.Arithmeticcalculation.......................................................................................241
2.Functioncalculation .........................................................................................241
3.Complexnumbercalculation............................................................................246
7.ListofMenu/Sub-menuItems..................................................................................247
7
Caring for Your Calculator
Caring for Your Calculator
• Donotcarrythecalculatoraroundinyourbackpocket,asitmay
break when you sit down. The display is made of glass and is
particularly fragile.
• Keepthecalculatorawayfromextremeheatsuchasonacar
dashboard or near a heater, and avoid exposing it to excessively
humid or dusty environments.
• Sincethisproductisnotwaterproof,donotuseitorstoreit
whereuids,forexamplewater,cansplashontoit.Raindrops,
waterspray,juice,coffee,steam,perspiration,etc.willalsocause
malfunction.
• Cleanwithasoft,drycloth.Donotusesolvents.
Avoidusingaroughclothoranythingelsethatmaycause
scratches.
• Donotuseasharppointedobjectorexerttoomuchforcewhen
pressing keys.
• Avoidexcessivephysicalstress.
8
Chapter 1
Getting Started
Before Use
1. Open the battery cover
located on the back of the
calculator.Pulldownthe
notch, then lift the battery
cover up to remove it.
2. Insert the batteries, as
indicated. Make sure that the
batteries are inserted in the
correct directions.
3. Pullofftheinsulationsheet
from the memory backup
battery.
4. Placethebatterycoverback,
and make sure that the notch
is snapped on.
5. After a few seconds, press
Oand you will see the following message on the display:
PRESS[CL]KEYTOCLEARALLDATA
PRESS[ON]KEYTOCANCEL
6. Make sure to press Cto reset the calculator’s memory.
Thememorywillbeinitializedand“ALLDATACLEARED”will
bedisplayed.Pressanykeytosetthecalculatorreadyfor
normal calculation mode.
Inserting
batteries -
resetting the
memory
9
Chapter 1: Getting Started
Note: Iftheabovemessagedoesnot
appear or malfunction occurs,
check the direction of the
batteries and close the cover
again. If this does not solve the
problem, remove the battery
cover, and then gently push
the RESET switch with the tip
ofaball-pointpenorasimilarobjectwhilepressingO
simultaneously.Andthen,followsteps4to6above.
DO NOT use a tip of a pencil or mechanical pencil, a broken
lead may cause a damage to the button mechanism.
Sincethedisplaycontrastmayvarywiththeambienttemperature
and/orremainingbatterypower,youmaywanttoadjustthe
contrastaccordingly.Here’show:
1. Press@, then p.
2. Adjustthecontrastbyusingthe+and -keys.
+: increases the contrast Holddown
the key.
-: decreases the contrast
3. When done, press Cto exit the mode.
Press@oto turn the calculator off.
Automatic power off function
• Thecalculatorisautomaticallyturnedoffwhenthereisnokey
operationforapproximately10minutes(Thepower-offtime
depends on the conditions.)
• Thecalculatorwillnotautomaticallypoweroffwhileitisexecuting
calculations (“
■
”ashesontheupperrightcornerofthedisplay.)
Adjusting
display contrast
Turning the
calculator OFF
10
Chapter 1: Getting Started
To open the cover: When in use:
When not in use:
Using the Hard Cover
11
Chapter 1: Getting Started
Part Names and Functions
Main Unit
1Display screen
2Power ON/
OFF key
5Cursor keys
3Key operation
keys
4Graphing keys
12
Chapter 1: Getting Started
1Display screen:
Displays up to 132 pixels wide by 64 pixels tall of graphs and texts.
2Power ON/OFF key:
TurnscalculatorON.Toturnoffthecalculator,press@, then o.
3Key operation keys:
These keys are used to change the key functions.
@: Changesthecursorto“2”,andthenextkeystrokeentersthe
function or mode printed above each key in orange.
A: Changesthecursorto“A”,andthenextkeystrokeentersthe
alphabetical letter printed above each key in green.
Note: Press@.to lock the specific keys in the alphabet
enteringmode.(ALPHA-LOCK)
4Graphing keys:
Thesekeysspecifysettingsforthegraphing-relatedmode.
Y: Opens the formula input screen for drawing graphs.
G: Draws a graph based on the formulas programmed in the Y
window.
t: Opens a Table based on the formulas programmed in Y.
W: Setsthedisplayrangesforthegraphscreen.
Z: Changesthedisplayrangeofthegraphscreen.
U: Placesthecursorpointeronthegraphfortracing,anddisplaysthe
coordinates.
,: Displays the substitution feature.
": Displays both a graph and a table at the same time.
y: Opens the table setup screen.
d: Draws items on the graph. Use this key also to save or recall the
graph/pixeldata.
f: Setstheoperationsofthegraphscreen.
k: Calculatesspecicvaluesbasedonformulasprogrammedin
Y.
13
Chapter 1: Getting Started
5Cursor keys:
Enablesyoutomovethecursor(appearsas_,
■
, etc. on the screen) in four
directions. Use these keys also to select items in the menu.
Reset switch (in the battery compartment):
Used when replacing batteries or clear the calculator memory.
#key: Returnscalculatortocalculationscreen.
pkey: Setsorresetsthecalculatorsettings,suchasLCDcontrastandmemory
usage.
nkey: Obtains the screen for the slide show.
lkey: Accesseslistfeatures.
]key: Createsyourownslideshows.
[key: Setsthestatisticalplotting.
Keyboard
Basic Operation keys
E: Used when executing calculations or specifying commands.
C/q: Clear/Quitkey
B: Backspace delete key
D: Delete key
i: Toggleinputmodebetweeninsertandoverwrite(inone-lineedit
mode).
;: Allowsyoutosetupthebasicbehaviorofthiscalculator,suchas
to set answers in scientific or normal notation.
14
Chapter 1: Getting Started
Menu keys
M: Enter the Math menu with additional mathematical functions.
S: Enter the statistics menu.
P: Enter the programming menu.
V: Convertshexadecimal,decimal,octalandbinarynumbersor
solves systems of linear equations, finds roots for quadratic and
cubic equations.
m: Enter menu for matrix functions.
': EnterscreenandmenuforSolverfeatures.
z: Enter the menu for calculator specific variables.
g: Enter menu for financial solver and functions.
Scientific Calculation keys
Seeeachchapterfordetails.
15
Chapter 1: Getting Started
Basic Key Operations
Sincethiscalculatorhasmorethanonefunctionassignedtoeachkey,youwillneedto
follow a few steps to get the function you need.
Example
• Press“asis”togetthefunctionandnumberprintedoneachkey.
• Toaccesssecondaryfunctionprintedaboveeachkeyinorange,press
@rst,thenpressthekey.PressCto cancel.
• Topressthekeyprintedaboveeachkeyingreen,pressAfirst,
then press the key. When in Menu selection screen however, you do not
have to press Atoaccessthecharacters.PressCto cancel.
• Ifyouwantenteralphabeticalletters(green)sequentially,use@
..PressAto return to the normal mode.
• Inthismanual,alphanumericcharacterstobeenteredareindicated
as they are (without using the key symbols). Use of the key symbol
indicates that it is for selecting the menu specified by the character or
number. The above example also indicates the key notation rules of this
manual.
Operation of y
FAF : Specify character F
y : Specify x2
@x : Specify x-1
16
Chapter 1: Getting Started
1. Press#to enter the
calculation screen.
2. PressCto clear the
display.
1. Press@;.
2. SelectF ANSWER and press
2.
PressC.
Herearethemajoringredientsfor18doughnuts:
1
4cup warm water
3
4cup warm milk
1
3cup sugar
4cupsall-purposeour
2 eggs
3 tablespoons butter
Based on these values, solve the following problems using the calculator.
Question If you make 60 doughnuts according to the above recipe, how
many cups of warm milk are required?
Atrst,youmaycalculatehowmanycupsofwarmmilkare
required for 1 doughnut =
3
4÷18
Asfortheordinarycalculator,theansweris0.041666666.Buthow
much is 0.04166666 of a cup of warm milk?
Quick Run-through
Set up the
calculator
before
calculation
Change
answer mode
from decimals
to fractions
17
Chapter 1: Getting Started
3. Press3b4 '.
4. Pressb18 '.
5. PressE.
Nowwehavefound 1
24 of a cup of warm milk is required per one
doughnut, how many cups are required for 60 doughnuts?
If you want to use the answer of the previous calculation, press
band you do not have to reenter the value.
6. Press@b|, or directly |(multiplication).
“Ans×”isdisplayed.ANSisacalculatorspecicvariablewhich
indicatestheanswerofcalculationsjustbefore.
* When you enter +(addition), –(subtraction), ×(multiplication), ÷
(division), it is not required to press b.
7. Press60.
8. PressE.
Answer:
1
2
2
cups of warm milk are required for making 60 doughnuts.
Enter fractions
18
Chapter 2
Operating the Graphing
Calculator
Basic Key Operations - Standard Calculation Keys
The standard calculation keys, located at the bottom four rows of the keyboard, enable
you to access the basic functions of the calculator.
1. Entering numbers
Use the number keys (
0
~
9
), decimal point key (
.
), and negative number
key (
_
) to enter numbers into the calculator. To clear the screen entry, press
C
.
In the examples and descriptions in this manual, a point is used to provide a Display
decimal point to coincide with the display of the computer.
Example
Type 10.23456789 onto the
Calculationscreen.
1. EntertheCalculationscreen,
then clear the screen entry:
#C
2. Enter numbers with the number keys and decimal point key, as
follows:
10
.23456789
Number entry
19
Chapter 2: Operating the Graphing Calculator
The negative number key _can be used to enter numbers,
lists,andfunctionswithnegativevalues.Press_before
entering the value.
Note: Do not use the -key to specify a negative value. Doing so will
result in an error.
Example
Type -9460.827513 into the
Calculationscreen.
#C_9460.827513
Note: $can be used to enter a value in scientific notation.
Example
6.3 ×108+4.9 ×107
#C6.3 $8 +
4.9 $7
Entering a
negative value
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