Sigrand SG-16B User manual

SIGRAND
SHDSL modem
Sigrand SG-16B
User's Guide
v. 2.5
Novosibirsk
2006
1

© 2005, 2006, Sigrand LLC
All trademarks and registered trademarks mentioned hereina ter are the
property o their respective owners.
Contents
Contents page
How to use this Guide
1. Modem description
1.1 DSL inter ace speci ications
1.1.1 Maximum reach per ormance
1.1.2 File trans er per ormance
1.2 Ethernet inter ace speci ications
1.3 Ethernet Bridge speci ications
1.4 RS-232C inter ace speci ications
1.5 Power supply unit
1.6 Miscellaneous data
1.7 Shipment contents
1.8 Environmental speci ications
1.9 Appearance, controls, indicators and connectors
1.9.1 Front panel and indicators
1.9.2 Rear panel and connectors
2. Modem setup directions
2.1 Connecting modem to a line
2.1.1 Requirements to a communication line
2.2 Choosing modem management method
2.3 ”Master”/”slave” mode
2.4 Setting DSL rate
2.4.1 Setting DSL rate or remote modem
2.4.2 Rate selection guidelines
3. Modem management via console port
3.1 Terminal setup
3.2 General purpose commands
The help command
2

The info command
The stat command
The default command
The reboot command
3.3 DSL inter ace management
The help dsl command
The dsl command
3.3.1 “Master”/”slave” mode selection
The dsl master and dsl slave
commands
3.3.2 Setting DSL rate
3.3.2.1 Setting DSL rate rom “master” modem
The dsl rate command
3.3.2.2 Setting DSL rate manually both sides
3.3.3 Line coding selection
The dsl code command
3.3.4 Link statistics
The dsl stat command
The dsl stat reset command
3.3.5 How to orce a retrain
The dsl retrain command
3.4 Ethernet inter aces management
The eth help commands
The eth command
3.4.1 Rate and duplex type
The eth auto, eth /auto, eth
rate, eth half, eth full commands
3.4.2 Flow control
The eth flow and eth /flow
commands
4. Updating built-in modem irmware
Warranty and scope o liability
Appendix I
Appendix II
3

How to use this Guide
To ease using this Guide the ollowing notational conventions are provided
here (icons as well as relevant onts):
Icons
Icon Meaning Explanation
Pay attention!
The text marked by this icon
contains in ormation making easy
setup and maintenance o
equipment
Important
in ormation!
The text marked by this icon
contains important in ormation
explaining details o operation o
equipment or so tware. This
allows to save your time and
e orts while equipment setup.
Do not make this!
Knowing this in ormation allow
you to avoid actions that can
cause damage to hardware
and/or personal injury.
4

Font usage
Designation Explanation
Picture on the screen
This font shows contents o
terminal screen while modem
setup.
ame of keyboard button
This font shows computer
keyboard buttons, e.g. ”Enter”,
which are used in the console
management mode.
Select Property in the File
menu
Italic notes the ragments o this
Guide containing important
in ormation (together with the
relevant icons). It also marks
so tware buttons o menu in the
text.
dsl stat
Bold font is used to designate
modem management commands
during a terminal session.
Before starting installation of the modem we
recommend you to look for an updated version of this
User's Guide as well as the firmware and the drivers
available at our site www.sigrand. com
5

1. Modem description
The Sigrand SG-16B modem is a SНDSL-modem. It eatures an Ethernet-
bridge and is designed to connect distributed local area networks as well as
remote computers and other devices equipped with an Ethernet inter ace.
The bridge can transmit VLAN IEEE 802.1Q tagged packets through the DSL
inter ace and the Ethernet inter aces.
The SHDSL inter ace o the modem con orms to ITU-T G.991.2.bis standard
and uses ТСРАМ (Trellis-Coded Pulse Amplitude Modulation) line coding.
Features o the ТСРАМ line coding:
The ТСРАМ line coding used by G.991.2 (G.SHDSL) compatible modems has
a ew modes. The modes di er in complexity o coding algorithm. The modes
with larger number o modulation positions (ТСРАМ16, ТСРАМ32) are
applicable or higher rates, the modes with less number o modulation
positions (ТСРАМ4, ТСРАМ8) are applied or lower rates. Respectively, the
more complicated the coding algorithm the worse the channel noise immunity
and vice versa.
So take special attention to the ТСРАМ line coding algorithm selection while
con iguring the line rate. It may be necessary to change the line coding to
achieve the best result.
Table 1 shows the line coding options and respective data rate ranges.
able 1
Line coding Data rate range (kbps)
TCPAM32 256 – 6016
TCPAM16 192 – 3840
TCPAM8 192 – 1216
TCPAM4 64 – 704
Manual line coding selection is available only in the console
management mode – see chapter 3 of this Guide
6

Compatibility:
The Sigrand SG-16B modem line coding is compatible with all Sigrand SG-16
series and Granch SBNI16 series modems.
Limitations of compatibility:
Interoperability with the Granch SBNI16 modems is
supported only within the compatible data rate range from
64 to 4608 kbps.
The modem eatures the ollowing inter aces:
•one SHDSL inter ace (con orms to ITU-T G.991.2.bis standard) providing
the data rate range rom 192 to 5696 kbps and the optional extended
range rom 64 to 6016 kbps
•two Ethernet 10/100Mb (IEEE 802.3) inter aces with Auto-Negotiation and
Auto MDI/MDI-X
•one EIA-232C (RS-232C) inter ace or modem management.
1.1 DSL interface specifications
Link type point-to-point
Number o wires per line 2 (one pair)
Permitted cabling any UTP
Line coding TCPAM
Input/output impedance, Ω135
Data rate range, kbps 64-6016
Data rate step, kbps 64
Transmission type ull duplex
Data trans er mode synchronous, by packets
Packet type HDLC
Checksum type CRC32
Connector type RJ-45
Galvanic decoupling trans ormer
breakdown voltage, min, V
1500
Surge protector triggering voltage
(di erential), V
30
7

Arrester breakdown voltage (common-
mode), V
350
1.1.1 Maximum reach performance
Brie in ormation about the maximum reach per ormance o the Sigrand SG-
16B modem is shown on Table 2. The Bit Error Rate (BER) at the maximum
reach is equal to or less than 10-7. The speci ied reach is proved by testing at
the Sigrand lab re erence line. Full version o the rate table is available at our
site www.sigrand.com. An actual reach may vary against the shown data due
to variations o cable per ormance.
able 2
Data rate
(kbps) Line coding
Rating TPP50-0.4
cable
(26 AWG)
TPP50-0.5
cable
(24 AWG)
6016 ТСРАМ32 Length (km/ t) 1.8/3500 2.2/7200
R (Ω)476 420
4608 ТСРАМ32 Length (km/ t) 2.0/6500 2.6/8500
R (Ω)560 455
3072 TCPAM16 Length (km/ t) 3.0/9800 4.2/13700
R (Ω)840 736
2304 TCPAM16 Length (km/ t) 3.8/12400 5.4/17700
R (Ω)1064 945
1536 TCPAM16 Length (km/ t) 4.4/14400 6.4/20100
R (Ω)1232 1120
1024 TCPAM8 Length (km/ t) 5.0/16400 7.6/24900
R (Ω)1400 1330
512 TCPAM8 Length (km/ t) 5.8/19000 9.0/29500
R (Ω)1624 1575
256 TCPAM8 Length (km/ t) 6.6/21600 10.0/32800
R (Ω)1848 1750
8

128 TCPAM4 Length (km/ t) 7.4/24200 11.4/37400
R (Ω)2072 1995
64 TCPAM4 Length (km/ t) 7.4/24200 11.4/37400
R (Ω)2072 1995
1.1.2 File transfer performance
Per ormance o the SG-16B modem during ile trans erring by FTP protocol is
shown on Table 3. The table contains average readings obtained on a line
with error rate less than 10-7.
able 3
Line data
rate
(kbps)
File trans er
per ormance
(KBps)
Line data
rate
(kbps)
File trans er
per ormance
(KBps)
6016 700 1792 209
5696 662 1536 179
4608 536 1280 149
4096 478 1024 119
3584 418 768 89
3072 354 512 59
2560 304 256 29
2304 261 192 22
2048 234 128 15
1.2 Ethernet interface specifications
Inter ace type 10/100 Base-T
Number o ports 2
Data rate, Mbps 10/100
Duplex type Hal and ull duplex
Compatibility ANSI/IEEE Std 802.3
Auto MDI/MDI-X available
9

1.3 Ethernet Bridge specifications
MAC-address table size 2048
Maximum packet size, bytes 1536
Packet bu er size, KBytes: 512 (340 packets)
1.4 RS-232C interface specifications
Baud rate 9600, 57600
Protocol parameters 8-N-1
Flow control N/A
Connector type RJ-45 (DB-9F with converter)
1.5 Power supply unit
Type BPN-12-1V
Input voltage 220V/50Hz
Output voltage 12V
Maximum load current 1A
Polarity o central contact o connector positive
1.6 Miscellaneous data
Overall modem dimensions:
height, mm/in. 45/1.77
•width, mm/in. 225/8.86
•depth, mm/in. 165/6.5
Weight, g/lb 450/1
Weight with PSU, g/lb 1025/2.26
Power consumption, W 6
1.7 Shipment contents
10

Sigrand SG-16B modem 1 pc.
Power supply unit 1 pc.
Guide 1 pc.
Cable with converter RJ-45-DB-9 1 pc.
Package 1 pc.
1.8 Environmental specifications
The modem is designed to operate under o ice conditions as ollows:
air temperature 10 .. 40 °C (50 .. 104 °F)
relative air humidity up to 85 %
atmosphere pressure 84 .. 107 kPa (630 .. 802
mmHg)
1.9 Appearance, controls, indicators and connectors
The Sigrand SG-16B modem should be connected either to a computer
equipped with an Ethernet or Fast Ethernet card or to an Ethernet-switch.
We recommend to connect the modem to an Ethernet switch,
not a hub, since our equipment is optimized for interaction with
Ethernet switches.
The modem is manageable by switches placed on the rear panel as well as by
console management port (ch. 4.1). To manage the modem as well as to
monitor its status you should have an ANSI-compatible terminal emulation
so tware installed on your computer. Con igure your terminal program
according to ch. 1.3 o this Guide.
1.9.1 Front panel and indicators
The ront panel indicators display the status o device operation.
11

Figure 1
Purpose of Sigrand SG-16B indicators
able 3
Indicator Status Explanation
POWER
POWER On Modem is on
O Modem is o
ETHER ET ( channels 1 and 2)
LINK
On Valid Ethernet link detected
O Ethernet link not detected
Blink Tra ic exchange
100M LINK on On 100Base-TX link detected
O 10Base-TX link detected
FD/C LINK on
On Full duplex
O Hal duplex
Blink Collision detected
DSL
LINK On Active link to remote modem
O No link to remote modem
SNR
LINK on Blink Bad Signal/noise ratio
O Good Signal/noise ratio
LINK o Blink Link activation in progress
O No link
ERR LINK on Blink A packet with error received
O No error
LINK o On Fatal error
12

1.9.2 Rear panel and connectors
Layout o connectors and switches on the rear panel o the Sigrand SG-16B
modem
Figure 2
Purpose o connectors and switches o the Sigrand SG-16B modem
able 4
Power supply unit plug 9-12V DC
RS-232C console port or modem management RS232
DSL line connector DSL
Terminal to connect to protective ground PG D
Dial to select ixed rate or DSL channel RATE
DIP switches to set up modem operation mode SET
Ethernet 10/100Base-T socket 1 ETH1
Ethernet 10/100Base-T socket 2 ETH2
Fig. 3
The “RATE” dial and the “SET” DIP switches ( ig.3) speci y operation mode o
the DSL channel. The dial sets DSL channel data rate ( ig.4).
13

Fig. 4
The “SET1” DIP switch selects “Master/Slave” mode, the “SET2” switch
de ines a method o the DSL channel rate negotiation and the “SET4” switch
sets a mode o modem management. Purpose o the switches are shown on
Table 5.
able 5
Switch Purpose Position Meaning
SET1 Operation
mode
ON Master modem
(STU-C)
OFF Slave modem
(STU-R)
SET2
Local or
Preactivation
rate select
ON Rate is exchanged
by Preactivation
OFF Rate is set locally
on each modem
SET3
RS-232C
console port
baud rate
ON 57600 bps
OFF 9600 bps
SET4
Modem
management
method
ON by console port
OFF by DIP switches
14

Attention!
Reboot the modem to activate a new modem operation
mode, changed by the DIP switches!
2. Modem setup directions
2.1 Connecting modem to a line
Make sure the line has no foreign devices varying its
specifications such as fuses, inductors, load coils and
other similar line conditioning devices. hese devices
may cause serious modem performance limitations or
even completely prevent operation of an xDSL modem!
Make sure that the communication line in use has
neither external voltage supply nor attached foreign
telco devices! Ignoring this rule may cause permanent
damage to both the modems and those foreign telco
equipment!
2.1.1 Requirements to a communication line
The line must comply with the ollowing requirements or proper operation and
per ormance:
•It must have neither leakage to ground nor to other wires (both connected
and loosed). It should not have taps (branches).
•Both wires must belong to the same twisted pair i a multi-pair cable is
used.
•Parallel connection o a ew pairs (e. g., to reduce the line resistance) is
not permitted.
Ignoring the a orementioned requirements may cause signi icant modem
per ormance limitations or even completely prevent operation o an xDSL
modem.
15

A ter you veri y that the line comply with the a orementioned requirements -
•Fix the supplied RJ-45 plug on the cable in accordance with igure 5. The
Sigrand SG-16B modem uses only one pair o pins, namely 4 and 5.
Other pins are not assigned.
•Attach the cable to the DSL connector o the modem.
Fig.5
2.2 Choosing modem management method
There are two ways to manage the modem:
•by the DIP-switches placed on the rear panel o the modem (see
ig.4);
•by a terminal program via the RS-232C console port.
Both modes have certain advantages over each other so a user is ree to
choose either setup mode according to actual requirements or modem
operation.
Setup by switches is described here as the most simple method. Management
by a terminal program is described in Chapter 3.
To use setup by switches, set the SET4 switch to OFF state. For quick
re erence use the sticker at the bottom side o the modem enclosure.
2.3 ”Master”/”slave” mode
Two modems operating peer-to-peer must be con igured by the SET1 DIP
switch ( ig. 3, table 4) such as one modem is set up as a “master” (SET1 is
ON) and another one as a “slave” (SET1 is OFF). We recommend to use as a
“master” the modem which is more accessible or management and
maintenance.
16

2.4 Setting DSL rate
Fixed rate value is set by dial switch RATE ( igures 2 and 4). One o 16 ixed
data rates have to be selected by the dial.
2.4.1 Setting DSL rate for remote modem
This eature is available only or modems with irmware version 2.5 or higher.
The SET2 switch has the ollowing meaning:
•i SET2 is OFF, the rate is set manually at both ends o the line. (I
this case modem uses Annex A or compatibility with irmware
version 2.4 and lower)
•i SET2 is ON, the DSL rate is set by the dial switch RATE o the
“master” modem. (In this case Annex F is used.)
The SET2 switch must be set to the same position or both modems.
o operate properly peer-to-peer, the modems settings should
match each other! Do not forget to configure the remote
modem beforehand!
2.4.2 Rate selection guidelines
Be ore setting the data rate you should have known the per ormance o the
line the modems are intended or. I the line per ormance is unavailable, apply
the ollowing technique to select the proper data rate:
•Measure resistance o the line. To do this, make short-circuit on either
line side and attach an ohmmeter to another one. Then determine a
maximum rate providing reliable communication by table 2.
•Switch care ully the dial to the required position with a screwdriver.
Reboot both modems to activate the new settings. I the remote rate
setting is used (SET2 is ON), change the “master” modem rate only. Link
activation takes up to 2 or 3 minutes to succeed.
•I the link is not activated (the DSL LINK LED is not getting light) during
the mentioned time, set a smaller value on the rate dial and do the next
attempt to activate the link.
17

•I you can't get the link activated, consider to use console management
mode (Chapter 3). In this mode you can try to succeed by varying the
line coding (Chart 1) as well.
3. Modem management via console port
The modem is manageable by a terminal attached to the RS-232C console
port or by a computer with any applicable terminal emulation so tware.
3.1 Terminal setup
Set the the SET4 DIP-switch to “ОN” position to manage the modem through
the console port. (see Table 5, Figure 2).
Set the baud rate o the modem console port by the SET3 switch. SET3 is
OFF stands or 9600 baud, SET3 is ON stands or 57600 baud.
Attach the RS-232C port to a serial port o your computer by the supplied
cable.
Con igure the terminal emulation so tware installed on your computer ( or
example, HyperTerminal) as ollows:
Data bits: 8
Parity: None
Stop bits: 1
Flow control: None
Baud rate (Bits per second) should be set to 9600 or 57600 in accordance
with SET3 switch setting.
Power on or reboot the modem. I the terminal has been set up properly, the
ollowing message appears on the screen:
Sigrand SG-16B SHDSL modem V.2.5
nterface module ETH1/ETH2
nitialization complete
:
18

3.2 General purpose commands
The modem is managed by a set o commands conventionally divided into two
types: the “general purpose” commands such as help, info, update,
default, reboot, and the inter ace management commands such as dsl
and eth1/eth2.
Capabilities o the console management mode allow to con igure the DSL
inter ace as well as to control the Ethernet inter aces. It is also possible to
watch status o the inter aces, etc. The summary o the general management
capabilities can be invoked by the help command:
: help
**** Available commands: ****
HELP - display this text
HELP [ETH|DSL|PORT|E1|FXS|FXO] - detailed interface help
NFO - view information about hardware and firmware
STAT [RESET] - show all statistics (or clear it)
ETHx - view or change ETHx settings, x=1,2 (see HELP ETH)
DSL - view or change DSL settings (see HELP DSL)
PORT - view or change PORT settings (see HELP PORT)
E1 - view or change E1 settings (see HELP E1)
FXSx - view or change FXS settings, x=1,2 (see HELP FXS)
FXOx - view or change FXO settings, x=1,2 (see HELP FXO)
UPDATE - update sg16 firmware
DEFAULT - set factory defaults
REBOOT - reboot the modem
:
he SG-16 modems are multi-functional devices with various
types and combinations of system interfaces such as Е1,
V.35, FXO/FXS. herefore the help command displays
commands for each interface available in this firmware.
The info command displays in ormation about the irmware version, the
modem uptime, and current status o the modem inter aces.
19

: info
Sigrand SG-16B SHDSL modem V.2.5
Setup mode: Terminal
SHDSL firmware: V.5.3E
FPGA configuration: V.2.20
nterface module ETH1/ETH2
Uptime: 0 days 01:08:55
ETH1: Rate=100 Mbit/s Duplex=FULL Auto-Neg FlowCont - OFFL NE
ETH2: Rate=100 Mbit/s Duplex=FULL Auto-Neg FlowCont - OFFL NE
DSL: CFG=PREACT Rate=192 Code=TCPAM16 MASTER Annex=F - OFFL NE
:
The stat command displays current status and statistics o the modem
inter aces:
: stat
ETH1: Rate=100 Mbit/s Duplex=FULL Auto-Neg FlowCont - OFFL NE
TX=0 RX=0 ERR=0 COL=0
ETH2: Rate=100 Mbit/s Duplex=FULL Auto-Neg FlowCont - OFFL NE
TX=0 RX=0 ERR=0 COL=0
DSL: CFG=LOCAL Rate=5696 Code=TCPAM32 MASTER Annex=A - OFFL NE
TX=0 RX=0 ERR=1 LOSW=0 CRC6=0 RETRA N=0 of 1
Total online time: 0 days 00:00:00
Total offline time: 0 days 00:00:28
Connect duration: 0 days 00:00:00
:
The default command resets all modem settings to actory de ault values.
: default
Load factory default and reboot? (y/n) Y
Default settings loaded
Rebooting…
20
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