Vahterus Plate User manual
User Manual for
Vahterus Plate & Shell
Heat Exchangers
English
User Manual for
Vahterus Plate & Shell
Heat Exchangers
All rights reserved. It is not permitted to copy, photograph or publish in any other way this manual for any
purpose without the permission of Vahterus Oy. Plate & Shell is the registered trademark of Vahterus Oy.
C303-3-rev.7 / 9/2018
1 General 7
1.1 Introduction 7
1.2 Products 8
1.3 Structure 11
1.4 Technicalspecications 11
2 Assembly of the Heat Exchanger 13
2.1 Lifting 13
2.2 Pipes 14
2.2.1 General 14
2.2.2 Steam application (Condensers) 16
2.3 Insulation 17
2.4 Pressure test 17
2.5 Mounting brackets 18
3 Permitted Conditions for Operating 19
3.1 Design 19
3.2 Fluids 20
3.3 Flow rates 22
4 Operation 23
4.1 Principle of the Heat Exchanger 23
4.1.1 Liquid–Liquid 24
4.1.2 Condenser 25
4.1.3 DX-Evaporator 25
4.1.4 Flooded Evaporator 26
4.1.5 Droplet Separator 27
4.1.6 Steam Generator (Kettle) 28
4.1.7 Exhaust Gas Economiser (EGE) 28
4.2 General start-up 29
4.3 General shut down 30
4.4 Start-up and shut down of steam applications 31
4.5 Recommended periodical inspections of PSHEs 36
5 Cleaning the Heat Exchanger 37
5.1 General 37
5.2 Recommendations for cleaning 38
5.2.1 Backwardsow 39
5.2.2 Chemical cleaning 40
5.2.3 Mechanical cleaning 41
5.2.4 Analysis after cleaning 42
5.3 Openable model 42
5.3.1 Preparations 43
5.3.2 Opening the exchanger and removing the plate pack 43
5.3.3 Mounting the plate pack 45
5.3.4 Bolt/nut tightening pattern 46
6 Expandable Plate Pack 47
7 Spare Parts / Special Tools 48
8 Packing and Storage 48
Contents
7
9 Troubleshooting 51
9.1 Complaints report 56
9.2 Measures for replacement 56
9.3 Information about the repair 56
9.4 Criteria of limiting conditions for the equipment 57
10 Recycling 57
1 General
1.1 Introduction
The operating instructions for the Vahterus Plate & Shell Heat Exchangers (PSHEs) are
made up of the Technical Data sheet, Dimensional Drawing and this Operation & Main-
tenance manual.
This manual is your general guide to the proper installation, operation and maintenance
of the Vahterus Plate & Shell Heat Exchanger and PSHE droplet separator. Please read
it and follow the instructions carefully. Vahterus accepts no liability for damage caused
by the incorrect installation, operation or maintenance of the unit.
8 9
Plate & Shell Compact
All connections are on the end plate.
Can be single or multi pass.
Plate & Shell VES
Heat exchanger with external droplet
separator.
1.2 Products
Plate & Shell Fully Welded
A welded pack of circular plates inside
a welded pressure vessel. The appli-
cations for this type are liquid–liquid,
condenser, evaporator and cascade.
This model cannot be opened. It can be
single or multi pass. (See Chapter 4.1:
Principle of Heat Exchanger)
Plate & Shell Openable
A fully welded and removable plate
pack inside an openable shell.
10 11
1.3 Structure
Vahterus Plate & Shell Heat Exchangers are designed and manufactured in compliance
with legislation relating to pressure equipment. The design code used is given on the
Vahterus Technical Data sheet. The codes generally used are:
¬ASME VIII Div.1, based on an individual design for each heat exchanger.
¬PressureEquipmentDirective(CE): the design isbased on PED classication and
modules, e.g. type approvals by NoBo.
1.4 Technicalspecications
General range of parameters:
¬Volume: from 0.0002 m3to 5 m3.
¬Temperature: from -196°C to +600°C.
Pressure:
¬10 / 16 / 25 / 40 / 60 bar(g) standard range
¬up to 170 bar(g) on request
Materials:
¬Carbon Steel (P235GH, P265GH, P355NL2, SA516Gr70, SA333 etc.)
¬AISI 316/316L, 1.4404 / 304L, 1.4403
¬Titanium Gr. 1
Plate & Shell Combined
Heat exchanger with combined droplet
separator.
Plate & Shell EGE
Exhaust gas economiser.
1.2 Products continues from last page:
12 13
¬Hastelloy (C22 & C276)
¬Nickel 201
¬SMO 254, EN 1.4547
¬AISI 904, EN 1.4539
¬Duplex, EN 1.4462
¬Other materials on request
Working mediums:
¬Liquid of all groups
¬Gas of all groups
¬Steam (superheated & saturated) of all groups
¬2 phase mediums (i.e. liquid-gaseous mixture) of all groups
¬Refrigerants group 1
¬R170 (ethane)
¬R1150 (ethylene)
¬R290 (propane)
¬R717 (ammonia)
¬R1270 (propylene)
¬Refrigerants group 2
¬R134a
¬R744 (CO2)
¬R404a
¬R410a
¬R407F
¬R507a
¬All the other refrigerants from group 2
2 Assembly of the Heat Exchanger
2.1 Lifting
Plenty of space should be provided around the heat exchanger for mounting, insula-
tion and maintenance. With the openable model, there should be available space equal
to the total length at the front in order to remove the plate pack. Ensure that there is
adequate space above the heat exchanger in order to lift it freely. Most of the heat
exchangers are provided with welded lifting lugs or lifting eye lugs. If lifting lugs are not
provided, lift the heat exchanger with a textile belt around the shell.
Lifting (eye) lug Lifting force (direct lift)
1t (welded) 1,000 kg
3t (welded) 3,000 kg
5t (welded) 5,000 kg
7t (welded) 7,000 kg
M16 (DIN 582) 700 kg
M20 (DIN 582) 1,200 kg
14 15
NB
When heat exchangers are combined with droplet separators, their considerable over-
all weight should be taken into account, and the lifting gear and lugs must be in the
correct range. It is essential that the entire unit is supported by a crane or hoist, using
the lugs, until it is bolted into position. If necessary, the combined unit can be provided
withpermanentextrasupportbyxingthelugstothesurroundingsupportstructures.
Do not use the mounting brackets or nozzles to lift the heat exchanger.
Vahterus will assist in the planning of the lifting if needed, and separate lifting instruc-
tions are available. Please contact Vahterus Service.
WARNING!
Do not weld anything to the heat exchanger (including the shell, end plates and the
sides of the pipes) without the manufacturer’s permission, since this could undermine
the durability of its pressure envelope and internal structures.
2.2 Pipes
2.2.1 General
Install the unit so that the piping and heat exchanger can be drained easily. The heat
exchanger is not normally provided with separate drain and ventilation connections. If
your process requires these, they should be installed in the pipelines as close as possi-
ble to the heat exchanger, or, if it is necessary to have them installed in the exchanger,
thisshouldbespeciedwhentheexchangerisordered.
Ensure the following:
1. Allpipingtobexedtotheexchangeristobeushedpriortoconnectingtheunit.
2. All connections are marked and should be connected according to the GA drawing.
3. Thepipingsystemmustbeexiblesothatthermalexpansiondoesnotoverload
the nozzles and so that the heat exchanger is not subjected to vibration.
4. All pipe connections to and from the heat exchanger must be equipped with shut-
ovalves.Thosewithslowvalveactionarerecommended.Itshouldbepossible
toincreaseandreduceowratesgraduallywhenthesystemisbeingshutdown
or started.
5. Iftherearesolidsintheprocessuids,theuseofltersisrecommended.Further
information is available from Vahterus Service.
6. The piping must be equipped with a relief valve to prevent unintentional excess of
design pressure.
7. Ifmultipleunitsarebeingarrangedinparallel,theowshouldbeevenlydistribut-
ed amongst the exchangers.
Openable model:
Connections between the plate pack on the openable model and the pipes must be
madeeitherwithangeorthreadedconnections.
16 17
2.2.2 Steam Application (Condensers)
The pipelines should be manufactured according to best steam ow manufacturing
practices. In steam applications the unit is placed horizontally to prevent condensate
from remaining on the surface of the plates. It is recommended that, where necessary,
a steam trap (drain) is installed in front of and behind the heat exchanger and a droplet
separator in front of it. The separator in front of the exchanger should be installed be-
fore the valve. This will prevent condensate from accumulating behind the valve.
When the water vapour is on the shell side, the heat exchanger is provided with a striker
plate, which is welded to the HOT IN connection to prevent water hammer. However,
additional measures should be taken to prevent water hammer in the heat exchanger.
WARNING!
When the valve is closed, condensate might accumulate in the steam pipeline if no
attention has been paid to drainage. When the valve is opened, accumulated water
passes into the heat exchanger at high speed, possibly resulting in mechanical damage.
NB
If the exchanger is operating in a partial vacuum or if the pressure on the steam side is
able in some cases to lower the pressure on the condensate side, the use of a conden-
sate pump should be considered.
When a condensate side control is being used, the condensation temperature on the
hot side must be no higher than the evaporating temperature on the cold side; e.g. if
there is water on the cold side, the pressure of the steam must be lower than the pres-
sure of the water, to prevent the water from boiling.
2.3 Insulation
If the temperature on the shell side is below -10°C or above 65°C, insulation is recom-
mended to avoid burns or frostbite.
2.4 Pressure test
All PSHE units have been pressure-tested, as follows:
a) all plate packs – leak test (pneumatic pressure test under water)
b) whole unit – hydraulic pressure test
If you need to perform a pressure test prior to using the heat exchanger, the test pres-
sure is given on the Technical Data sheet and on the nameplate.
The pressure should be increased slowly to prevent pressure schocks. During man-
ufacturing, in certain cases water is not an acceptable pressurising medium for the
media (refrigerant or oils) in the user’s process, so the pressure test is waived and an
additional NDE is carried out on the welds.
18 19
NB
Pressure testing of the plate pack in the openable heat exchanger should always be
carried out with the plate pack positioned in the shell and the bolts on the cover plate
tightened, in accordance with the instructions in this manual. When pneumatic leak or
pressure testing is being carried out, ensure that conditions are safe, given the possi-
bility that there could be a pressure discharge similar to an explosion should the heat
exchanger or testing equipment break.
Never apply pressure to the plate pack outside the shell.
2.5 Mounting Brackets
Vahterus standard brackets are only designed to bear the weight of the heat exchanger.
Thedesigndoesnotallowforspecicrequirements,suchasstressandstraincaused
by the piping, wind load or earthquakes.
3 Permitted Conditions for Operating
3.1 Design
Never exceed the design pressures and temperatures marked on the nameplate and
Technical Data sheet. Ambient temperatures must not be higher/lower than the design
temperature range.
Environmental load, load on connections caused by the piping, wind load and earth-
quakes are not taken into account in the design strength calculations, unless men-
tioned separately.
The pipework in the heat exchanger and the mounting brackets must not be loaded
down by external forces, unless mentioned separately in the strength calculations.
Corrosion allowance is indicated in the strength calculations: for carbon steel it is at
least 1 mm. Any greater corrosion allowance requirement must be stated when the
heat exchanger is ordered.
Fatigue: 500 full pressure cycles are allowed without separate calculations. If this num-
ber is exceeded, you should test the heat exchanger (pressure test and possible NDE
tests) with reference to local laws.
Pleaseadviseusofanypossibleriskofexternalre.
Safetyappliancesshouldbespecied/designedandacquiredbythecustomer,since
they are not provided by Vahterus.
20 21
3.2 Fluids
The structural materials are selected based on the information (media, temperatures,
ows)providedbythecustomer.YoucanalsocontactVahterusformaterialandow
director material options.
Iftheheatexchangerisusedinconditionsthatdierfromthoseforwhichitwasde-
signed (listed on the Technical Data sheet), its ability to function must be checked. For
example,iftheviscosityoftheuidvariesaccordingtoconditionsthatdierfromthe
informationontheTechnicalDatasheetandcouldresultinadierenceinpressureof
more than 200 kPa between the exchanger and the incoming and outgoing connectors,
Vahterus should be contacted to re-assess the load situation.
Before approving the heat exchanger materials, please ensure that they will stand up to
the conditions to which they will be subjected during his process. Acid-resistant steel
is prone to forms of corrosion, e.g. intergranular corrosion, pitting corrosion, stress
corrosion and biological corrosion. The chloride content of water can cause corrosion
in AISI 316L/ 1.4404 plate materials in a short space of time. When water is boiling, in
particular, it causes chloride precipitation and this can lead to corrosion at quite small
concentrations.
OtherfactorscausingariskofcorrosionarepH,theliquid’sowrate,dirtontheplate,
impurities,etc.,whoseeectshouldbeassessedforeachindividualprocess.Ifthere
is a risk of corrosion, more durable materials such as AISI 904L, SMO 254, Duplex or
titanium should be considered.
NB
For special instructions regarding the quality of water in steam generators, contact
VahterusSales.Pleaseinformusifunstableuidsareusedintheprocess.
General recommendation for water quality when AISI 316L
plate material is used in +20°C
Variable Unit Recommended quality limits for
water for AISI 316L
Hydrogen ion
concentration pH 6-9
Alkalinity (as CaO3) mg/l < 300
Chloride mg/l
< 500 mg/l at 25°C
< 200 mg/l at 50°C
< 60 mg/l at 80°C
0 mg/l, when T > 100°C
* Contact Vahterus when > 100°C
Sulphate mg/l < 100
KMn04 - consumption mg/kg < 20
Aluminium mg/l < 0.3
Iron (Fe) mg/l < 0.3
Manganese mg/l < 0.1
Sodium + Potassium mg/l < 200
Conductivity mS/m < 200
Calcium mg/l < 20
22 23
3.3 Flow rates
Flowratesshouldbekeptasnearaspossibletothedesignvalues.Lowerowratescan
cause unexpected changes to the heat exchanger and make the plate surfaces dirty. If
aheatexchangerwithessentiallygreaterowratesisrequired,pleaseaskustocheck
the suitability of the exchanger.
4 Operation
4.1 Principle of the Heat Exchanger
Thepurposeofaheatexchangeristotransferheatfromonetoanotherowofuidvia
a corrugated heat transfer plate.
Theconstructionissuchthattheowsalternatethroughtheplatepack.Theowscan
becontrolledascounter-current,co-currentorcross-ow.
Structure of the Vahterus Plate & Shell heat exchanger
The Plate & Shell heat exchanger consists of circular plates welded into a pack, which
is then mounted in a pressure vessel.
Theowontheplatesideisthroughtheconnectionsontheendplatesviatheplatepack.
Theowontheshellsideisthroughtheshellconnectionsviatheplatepackusinga
owdirector.
The construction may be either fully welded or openable. The openable type has a re-
movable cover plate so that the plate pack can be taken out.
The following are the various applications of a PSHE exchanger:
24 25
4.1.1 Liquid–Liquid
In liquid–liquid applications, the hot and cold sides can be mounted to either side of the
exchanger. In general, the hot side will be on the plate side and the cold liquid on the
shell side. Both sides are clearly marked on the drawings and heat exchangers. General
recommendation for ow directions are hot side down and cold side up, but special
directionscanbespeciedduringheatexchangerheattransfercalculation.
1-pass
2, 4-pass
1, 3-pass
1-pass openable
In condensing applications, the steam is on the shell side, with the cold side on the plate
side.Shellside(steam)owenterstheexchangeratthetopoftheshellandthecon-
densateexitsatthebottom.Platesideowiscounter-current:theexchangeroperates
on the counter-current principle. Steam on the end plate side/cold side in the shell and
vent condenser designs are also possible.
4.1.2 Condenser
HOT OUT
HOT IN
HOT OUT
HOT IN
COLD OUT
COLD OUT
COLD IN
COLD IN
4.1.3 DX-Evaporator
26 27
Evaporation always takes place on the plate side and cooling on the shell side.
4.1.4 Flooded Evaporator
Evaporation generally takes place on the shell side. With special applications, however,
it can take place on the pack side.
HOT IN
cold out
HOT OUT
COLD IN
1-pass eccentric
HOT IN
HOT OUT
COLD OUTCOLD IN
4.1.5 Droplet Separator
The heat exchanger system is the same as in 4.1.4, with the addition of a droplet sep-
arator and recirculation pipe.
In the combined heat exchanger the droplet separator is integrated within the ex-
changer’s shell.
4.1.3 DX-Evaporator continues from last page:
28 29
4.1.6 Steam Generator (Kettle)
Plate pack positioned in large shell. Steam generator application.
4.1.7 Exhaust Gas Economiser (EGE)
For cooling or heating gases.
COLD IN
COLD OUT
HOT IN HOT OUT
4.2 General start-up
Thefollowinginstructionsaregeneral,andprocess-specic demandsmustbetaken
into account by the user.
Check the following before start-up:
¬Pipe connections comply with the drawings and are securely supported/fastened.
¬Drain valves are closed.
¬The heat exchanger and pipelines are properly vented.
¬Any safety appliances are correctly connected.
¬There are no risk factors in the pipes that could cause shock pressure (water ham-
mer) or sudden changes in pressure.
First,starttheowonthecoldside,andthenstartandgraduallyincreasetheowon
the hot side. If there is a risk of freezing, or the liquid being used has high viscosity, the
start-up sequence must be checked and determined by the user according to process
requirements.
The general heating rate is max. 5°C/minute.
The pressure may be increased gradually. See also section 3.2.
Check the system for pressure pulses caused by pumps or control valves. Continuous
pulsing and vibration may cause fatigue in the plates.
30 31
Tobegintheheatexchangerprocess,followstepsa–f,startingrstonthecoldside.
Then repeat for the hot side.
a) Closetheinletshut-ovalve.
b) Opentheoutletshut-ovalve.
c) Open the vent valve, if the heat exchanger is provided with one; otherwise vent
from the nearest vent valve to the heat exchanger in the pipework.
d) Start the pump.
e) Slowly open the inlet valve according to the instructions.
f) Close the vent valve when all the air has been removed from the system. If the
heat exchanger is working properly, it can used on an ongoing basis.
Openable model:
When the openable model is being started up, always check the bolts and tighten them
if necessary.
4.3 General shut down
Iftheheatexchangerprocessistobehalted,followstepsa-dbelow,startingrston
the hot side. Then repeat for the cold side.
a) Slowly close the inlet valves.
b) Switchothepumps.
c) Close the outlet valves.
d) Drain and vent the heat exchanger.
Graduallydecreasetheowonthehotsideuntilitstopscompletely.Thenclosethe
cold side.
NB
Valves must be set to open gradually. Sudden opening and closing of the valves will
subject the exchanger to thermal shock and may cause material fatigue. In steam ap-
plications,neverleavethehotsideonwhentheliquidsideisturnedo.Turnthesteam
OFF rst and ON last. In steam processes, it must be noted that cooling water side
pressure must be higher than steam pressure in the condensate side controlled unit.
If pressure is lower, cooling water can evaporate and there is a risk of plate damage.
4.4 Start-up and shut down of steam applications
Itisnecessarytoventairofromtheheatexchangerbeforestartingtheoperation.The
following procedure should be followed:
Air venting process
1. Closetheinletshut-ovalve.
2. Opentheoutletshut-ovalve.
3. Open the vent valve, if the heat exchanger is provided with one; otherwise, vent
from the nearest vent valve to the heat exchanger in the pipeline.
32 33
4. Start up the pump.
5. Slowly open the inlet valve according to the instructions.
6. Close the vent valve when all the air has been removed from the system.
7. Begin the actual start-up procedure.
Aftertheventingprocedure,pleasechecktheadditionalinformationfordierentunits.
Steam condenser with steam side control:
Beaware: If thecoldside ow is turned fullyon beforeopening the steamvalve, the
steam side start-up will lead to a vacuum condition when starting up.
1. Partly open the cooling water side. All valves must be opened gradually to prevent
thermal shocks to the heat exchanger.
2. Check that the heat exchanger and steam lines are empty of condensate if the sys-
tem is steam side controlled. The condensate outlet pipe also needs to be empty of
condensate. To ensure a safe start-up, good condensate level control in the system
is recommended.
3. Open the steam valve gradually, allowing condensing to start. The temperature
increase must be done step by step, max. 20°C/step , and then allowed to stablise
(the temperature increasing rate at start-up is max. 5°C/minute). The temperature
is raised by increasing steam pressure.
4. Iftheunitiscold(below0°C),thecorrectheatingrateis100°C/hourfortherst
100°C. After that, the temperature increasing rate is max. 5°/minute.
5. Full capacity is reached by opening both sides gradually to full open position.
Steam condenser with condensate side control:
1. Thesteamsidemustbelledwithwaterwhenstartinguptheunit.
2. Check that the steam lines are empty of condensate.
3. Partly open the cooling water side. Valves must be opened gradually to prevent
thermal shocks to the heat exchanger.
4. Open the steam condensate valve gradually, allowing condensing to start. The
temperature increase must be done step by step, max. 20°C/step and then al-
lowed to stabilise (the temperature increasing rate at start-up is max. 5°C/minute).
The temperature is raised by increasing pressure. The steam side pressure must
always be lower than the cooling side pressure. (Figure 1 and 2)
5. Iftheunitiscold(below0°C),thecorrectheatingrateis100°C/hourfortherst
100°C. After that, the temperature increasing rate is max. 5°/minute.
ATTENTION!
¬It is not possible to measure the condensate level when the steam condenser is
operated with condensate side control.
¬In condensate controlled units, the capacity is controlled by controlling the conden-
sate level inside the unit according to the cold side outlet temperature. Condensate
temperature cannot be used to control the condensate level inside the unit.
34 35
Fig. 1. When the rate of temperature increase is higher than 5°C/minute, the time between the
incremental steps has to be taken into account.
Steam generator:
1. Checkthatthe heatexchangercoldsideisoodedwiththecondensatebefore
openingthesecondarysideow.
2. First, open the hot side to start heating up. Open the valve gradually to prevent
thermal shocks.
3. Open the inlet valve of the primary side, allowing liquid to enter the generator.
After that, open the outlet valve (start-up valve if any).
4. Iftheunitiscold,thecorrectheatingspeedis100°C/hourfortherst100°C.After
that, the heating rate can be doubled.
5. Gradually continue opening the hot/cold side valves to reach the required capacity.
Shut down:
If the process is to be stopped, begin shutting down the hot side following the steps
below, then repeat the same for the cold side.
1. Slowlyclosetheinletvalves.Graduallydecreasetheowuntilitstopscompletely.
2. Switchothepumps.
3. Close the outlet valve.
4. Drain and vent the heat exchanger.
Fig. 2. When the rate of temperature increase is lower than 5°C/minute, the temperature can
be increased immediately after it has reached the adjusted temperature.
36 37
4.5 Recommended periodical inspections
of Plate & Shell heat exchangers
Fully welded heat exchangers:
After 5 years
¬Internal inspection of shell chamber with endoscope
After 10 years
¬Pressure test
Openable heat exchangers:
After 5 years
¬Internal inspection of shell chamber with endoscope
After 10 years
¬Pressure test
¬Internal inspection by opening the unit
¬Visual check of shell chamber and plate pack
Local requirements for pressure vessel inspections should also be followed. The in-
spection periods will be re-evaluated by the inspector after every inspection according
tothendings,andshortenedifnecessary.
5 Cleaning the heat exchanger
5.1 General
The rules and requirements for cleaning a heat exchanger vary from type to type. If
there is a risk of fouling, the unit’s performance should be monitored by measuring
temperature and pressure loss. When losses are greater than permitted, the heat ex-
changer should be cleaned.
38 39
5.2 Recommendations for cleaning 5.2.1 Backwardsow
In most cases loose materials such as organic compounds gathered on the surface
oftheplatescanberemovedbyinvertingtheoworthroughbackowwashingwith
warmwateroracleaningmedium.Warmwaterorcleaningmediumisushedathigh
speed on the primary and/or secondary side in the opposite direction to that of the
normal operation (approx. 2–3 times the normal velocity). The valves in the connection
pipes must be closed and the drain valves mounted on the pipelines opened. The dirty
medium must be discharged and disposed of in accordance with local requirements.
Descriptionofthebackwardsowsystem:
¬Close valves 1.1 and 1.2. The temperature of the heat exchanger must be between
10°C and 30°C.
¬Drainotheliquidfromthesidetobecleanedbyopeningvalve2.2.
¬Connect a hose to valve 2.1.
¬Watershouldowthroughtheheatexchangerfor10–15minutes.
¬Check that organic compounds and dirt are removed.
¬Stopthewaterow,closevalve2.1.
¬Fill the heat exchanger with system liquid in accordance with the start-up procedure
detailed above. Close valve 2.2.
Ifthesurfaceremainsdirty,aspecicdetergentshouldbeused.
X = cleaning with chemicals
Y=cleaningwithbackwardsow
A = Vaherus heat exchanger 1 – 2 = heat or cold users or suppliers
1.1–1.4=systemshut-ovalves 3=circulatingtank
2.1–2.4=shut-ovalvesforcleaning 4=pumpforchemicals
Fig. 3 Cleaning methods
This manual suits for next models
1
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