Volvo L20B User manual

OPERATOR'S MANUAL
Ref.No. VOE21A1000083 English
CSTPrinted in Sweden

California
Proposition 65 Warning
Diesel engine exhaust and some of its constituents are
known to the State of California to cause cancer, birth
defects, and other reproductive harm.
California
Proposition 65 Warning
Battery posts, terminals and other related accessories
contain lead and lead compounds, chemicals known
to the State of California to cause cancer and other
reproductive harm.
Wash hands after handling.

Travel
Indicators and control ele-
ments
Table of contents
Presentation
Safety
Maintenance
Alphabetic register
Attachments - optional equip-
ment
OPERATOR'S MANUAL
Foreword
This operating instruction manual serves as a guide for the
correct use and maintenance of your machine. It must always
be kept with the machine. The recommendations for opera-
tion, maintenance and the safety regulations must be thor-
oughly read before you start the machine, work with the
machine or perform maintenance work.
Become acquainted with all operating elements and all
instructions and keep the operating instruction manual in the
machine at a place where it is always at hand. If you lose the
operating instruction manual you should immediately buy a
new one.
Note:
These operating instructions have been written for all
possible markets and may therefore also contain notes
on the operation of optional equipment. You do not have
to bother with this if your machine is not equipped with
such options.
We are continually trying to improve our products and reserve
therefore the right to implement design changes and
improvements, if we are of the opinion that this may improve
the performance and the abilities of the product. With this,
however, we do not commit ourselves to modify machines
which have already been delivered and which are already in
operation. We also reserve the right to change data and
equipment as well as instructions for maintenance and other
service activities without prior notification.
Before leaving the factory the machine has been thoroughly
tested and adjusted. If the machine was handed over to you
by our dealer it has been subjected to another inspection, the
delivery inspection. Our dealers are always available to help
you to keep your wheel loader in an excellent operating con-
dition. They are authorized to perform the specified inspec-
tions. The first inspection is to be performed within 100
operating hours, the second one after 500 operating hours
and the third one before the expiration of the warranty period,
but not later than after 1000 operating hours.
The performance of these inspections is a prerequisite for the
validity of the warranty.
L20B
Ref.No. VOE21A1000083
Printed in Sweden 2002-08

2 Foreword
Safety regulations
Each country has its own regulations. No matter under which
working and local conditions you are working
- private or public safety regulations of the respective country and
the liability association must be strictly observed.
The above warning symbol appears at several points in these
operating instructions and highlights instructions for your
own personal safety. The driver must also be acquainted with
and observe all warning and information decals, which are
attached to the wheel loader.
These operating instructions must be treated confidentially. It
is intended to be used only by the personnel working in your
company. Handing it over to a third party is prohibited. All
documents are subjected to the copyright law.
Becomeacquaintedwiththeworkingcapacityand
the limits of your machine!
Manufac-
turer: Volvo Compact Equipment GmbH & Co. KG D-54329 KONZ-KÖNEN • Max-Plank-Str. 1
Serial-no.

Table of contents
3
Table of contents
Foreword ................................................................................ 1
Table of contents ......................................................3
Presentation ..............................................................5
General................................................................................... 5
CE-Sign, EMC Regulations .................................................... 7
Roll Over Protection Structure (ROPS) .................................. 8
Identification plates................................................................. 9
Decals and stickers .............................................................. 10
Technical data ...................................................................... 13
Work values.......................................................................... 13
Safety .......................................................................19
Instructions for wheel loaders............................................... 19
General instructions.............................................................. 20
Towing.................................................................................. 22
Transport .............................................................................. 23
Indicators and control elements............................25
Operator's stand - control elements...................................... 25
Dashboard ............................................................................ 26
Switch bar............................................................................. 31
Levers and switches............................................................. 33
Travel .......................................................................39
What must be done before taking into operation?................ 39
Starting the engine ............................................................... 42
Locking and securing of attachments................................... 47
Switching .............................................................................. 48
Charging............................................................................... 49
Attaching and removing attachments ................................... 50
Differential lock ..................................................................... 53
Stopping and parking the machine....................................... 54
Maintenance ............................................................55
Maintenance instructions...................................................... 55
Tires...................................................................................... 60
Brake system........................................................................ 62
Windscreen washer system.................................................. 63
Toothed belt.......................................................................... 64
Running-in instructions ......................................................... 65
Lubrication and maintenance plan........................................ 66
Maintenance every 10 operating hours ................................ 69
Maintenance every 100 operating hours .............................. 75
Maintenance every 1000 operating hours ............................ 78
Maintenance every 1500 operating hours ............................ 84
Electrical system................................................................... 89
Attachments - optional equipment........................95
Road sweeping machine ...................................................... 95
Loading fork (fork lift attachment)......................................... 96
Clam bucket.......................................................................... 97
High tipping bucket............................................................... 98
Scrap bucket......................................................................... 99
Clamshell bucket ................................................................ 100
Side tip bucket .................................................................... 101
Universal fork with hydraulic gripper................................... 102
Load hook on bucket back.................................................. 103

Table of contents
4
Special hydraulics............................................................... 104
4. Hydraulic circuit electrically switchable........................... 105
Manual inching function...................................................... 106
Alphabetic register ...............................................107

Presentation
General 5
Presentation
General
Intended use
The machine has been designed and built in accordance with the
latest technical standard and its safety has been tested according
to the generally accepted technical rules and regulations.
The machine must only be operated in technically mint condition
and by trained operating personnel, under compliance of the appli-
cable safety regulations and accident prevention instructions. This
applies also for the compliance with the notes on safety referring
to maintenance, care and repair in this operating instruction man-
ual.
For use in special applications, such as explosive environments or
in areas characterised by asbestos containing dust one must com-
ply with particular safety regulations and the machine must be
equipped for such work.
For further information please contact the manufacturer or your
dealer.
Engine
Volvo D3D C. E. is a four-cylinder four-stroke diesel in-line engine.
Direct fuel injection with oil/air cooling.
Power transmission
Hydrostatic drive, fully controllable under load, also for reversing of
direction (forward and reverse) and in all speed ranges. Maximum
pushing power is achieved in all speed ranges. Inching brake pedal
for infinite control of travel speed.
Chassis
Axles: All wheel drive via two planetary axles.
Differential lock: 100% hydraulically activated differential lock in
both axles.
Frame: One-piece front and rear frames, articulated oscillating
joint.
Hydraulics
Thermostatically controlled oil circuit with integrated cooling sys-
tem. Triple block control valve with primary and secondary pres-
sure relief. Combined suction and return flow filter with a filtering
rate of 10 μm. The filter can be changed without having to empty
the tank.

Presentation
6 General
Steering
Central hydrostatic oscillating articulated steering with dampened
side oscillation.
Brakes
Service brake: Drum brake on front axle, hydraulically actuated via
inching brake pedal.
Parking brake: mechanical activation front axle drum brake.
Noise emission values
Sound pressure level (LpA) determined acc. to ISO 6396 at the
operator’s stand: ........................................................... 74 dB(A)
Sound pressure level (LwA) determined acc. to ISO 6395 around
the machine is: see sticker on machine.

Presentation
CE-Sign, EMC Regulations 7
CE-Sign,
EMC Regulations
CE-Sign
(Declaration of Conformity)
(Applies only for machines, which are to be sold within the
European Community)
"The machine was awarded with a CE-Sign".
This means that the machine fulfils the appropriate "General
Health and Safety Requirements" of the so-called EC machine reg-
ulations.
As a proof for the fulfilment of the above mentioned requirements
the machine is delivered with a EC Declaration of Conformity. If
any conversions are made which will impair the safety of the
machine, the person modifying the machine is fully responsible for
the resulting effects.
If the machine is used for purposes other than those mentioned in
these operating instructions, the safety of the machine must be
assured at any time. Whoever uses the machine for such meas-
ures is fully responsible. In certain cases it may be necessary to
obtain a new CE-sign and to issue a new declaration of conformity.
We will only assume reliability for machines which are oper-
ated with the attachments, equipment and spare parts speci-
fied by us.
The attachments (optional equipment) manufactured by us are
adapted integral parts of the machine. The CE-sign therefore cov-
ers also our attachments. We do not assume liability for attach-
ments made by other manufacturers.
Materials which have an effect on noise such as noise insulating,
noise reducing or noise absorbing materials must not be changed
or removed. It is also prohibited to cut holes into the cabin or the
engine compartment, because this would have a negative effect
on the noise level.
EMC regulations of the EC
Under certain conditions the electronic equipment may have an
interfering effect on other electronic equipment, or other electronic
equipment may interfere with the electronic equipment on the
machine, which may impair the safety. The EMC regulations of the
EC concerning the "electromagnetic conformity" contain a general
description of the requirements, which may be appropriate for the
safety of a machine, the limits of which are specified in interna-
tional standards. Machines or apparatuses which meet these
demands are awarded with the CE-sign. Our machines have been
especially tested with respect to electro-magnetic interferences.
Both the CE-sign and the declaration of conformity refer to the
EMC regulations. If another piece of electronic equipment is to be
fitted to the machine it must have the CE-sign and the machine
must be checked with respect to electro-magnetic interferences.
M300128
A

Presentation
8 Roll Over Protection Structure (ROPS)
Roll Over Protection Structure
(ROPS)
Impermissible changes to the roll over pro-
tection structure (ROPS)
Do not perform any non-permitted changes to the roll over protec-
tion structure (so-called ROPS) such as fastening of a fire extin-
guisher or a radio antenna or similar equipment by welding.
Such non-permitted changes impair the strength properties of the
safety cabin and will cause the ROPS-approval to become invalid.
The roll over protection structure (ROPS) is in accordance with the
acceptance conditions and specifications of the standards ISO
3471 (1994) and SAE 1040 (APR. 88).
The cabin also has the FOPS-approval according to ISO 3449
(1992), SAE J231 (JAN. 81).
Any planned changes must first of all be checked by the technical
department to find out whether the change is permitted within the
framework of the certification examinations.
It is of utmost importance that both the employees as well as the
management are fully acquainted with the instructions concerning
the FOPS/ROPS-protection.
The seat belt meets the demands of the standard ISO 6683 (JULI
81).
After an accident or if the machine has turned over the seat with
the seat belt must be replaced, because parts of the seat may have
been deformed.
If one sees a machine which is being modified in an non-permitted
way, both the customer as well as the manufacturer should be
informed in writing.

Presentation
Identification plates 9
Identification plates
The following illustrations and descriptions show the identification
plates on the wheel loader.
When ordering spare parts or in case of enquiries by phone and in
correspondence model designations and product identification
number must be specified.
1 Identification plate
contains name and address of manufacturer. model
designation, product identification number (serial-no.),
machine weight, engine power, year of manufacture,
year of delivery as well as CE-sign (only in EC/EWR
countries). The product identification number (serial-
no.) is additionally stamped on the right hand side of
the front frame.
2 Additional type plate (only for Germany)
contains name and address of manufacturer. model
designation, vehicle identification number (serial-no.),
perm. total weight, perm. front/rear axle load and year
of manufacture.
3 Cabin ROPS/FOPS Plate
Theplateislocatedinthebatteryboxontheright
hand side. Includes model designation, ROPS/FOPS
number and max. permissible machine weight.
4 Engine identification plate
contains design, engine number as well as perform-
ance data. The engine serial number is additionally
stamped on the crankcase.
5Cabin
The manufacturing number of the cabin is stamped on
the left hand roof column.
M200001A
Volvo Compact Equipment
D-54329 Konz, Germany
Model/Type
Product
Identification
Number
Machine mass
Engine net power
manufacturing year
Delivery year
Volvo Construction Equipment
kg
kW
1
Fahrzeug-
Identifizierungsnummer
Volvo Compact Equipment
D-54329 Konz, Germany
Model/Type
Zul. Gesamtgewicht
Zul. Achslast vorne
Zul. Achslast hinten
Baujahr
Volvo Construction Equipment
kg
kg
kg
2
4
5
3
1/2
L 20B-P
L 20B V 170...
L 20B-P
L 20B V 170...

Presentation
10 Decals and stickers
Decals and stickers
Warning and information decals
The driver must also be acquainted with and observe all warn-
ing and information decals, which are attached to the wheel
loader.
– Stickers and decals, which are missing or have been damaged,
must be immediately replaced.
– Apart from that the decals must be kept in a legible, i.e. clean
condition.
– The spare parts number (ordering number) is printed on the
respective decal or can be found in the spare parts catalogue.
4
14
7
11
M200002A
10
13
8
9
5
3
9/10
2
12
9/10
61
10

Presentation
Decals and stickers 11
1 Caution sign - Operation and maintenance
The instructions and warnings in the operating manual must be
read carefully before using the machine for the first time. The tech-
nical documentation can be found in the storage compartment to
the right beside the driver's seat.
2 Warning sign - Danger area
This symbol should warn any people near the machine of the gen-
eral dangers existing in the immediate vicinity of the machine.
3 Warning sign - Articulation area
Nobody is allowed stay within the unsecured articulation area.
4 Warning sign - Engine hood only to be opened
when the engine has stopped
Due to the risk of injury by rotating parts it is dangerous to open
the engine hood while the engine is running.
5 Caution sign - Battery disconnection switch
The battery disconnecting switch must always be switched off for
longer resting periods of the machine and for repair work in the
electric system.
6 Caution sign - Electric welding
For electric welding the earth terminal must be connected directly
to the part to be welded. Disconnect the battery completely.
M300003A
M300004A
M300005
A
M300006A
M300007A
M300008
A

Presentation
12 Decals and stickers
7 Caution sign - Fuel
See the lubrication table for the required grade.
8 Caution sign - Hydraulic oil
See the lubrication table for the required grade.
Important!
If the hydraulic system is filled with biodegradable hydraulic
oil from the factory (see sticker on filler neck) only the oil
quality specified on the sticker must be used to fill up or
when changing the oil.
9 Caution sign - Loading or unloading/Lifting
Fastening points for lifting the machine.
10 Caution sign - Lashing
Fastening point for transporting the machine.
11 Caution sign - Lever functions
12 Caution sign - Fuse assignment
This decal is located on the service door, see electric system.
13 Caution sign - Fuses and relays
This decal is located in the engine compartment on the left hand
side, see electric system.
14 Caution sign - Sound capacity level
Sound capacity level (LwA) around the machine.
M300009A
M300010A

Presentation
Technical data 13
Technical data
Dimensions
Data
with Z-kinematics and tires
12.0-18
B 4275 mm 14' 1"
C 2050 mm 6' 7"
D 300 mm 1' 1"
F 2450 mm 8' 0"
G 875 mm 2' 9"
J 2980 mm 9' 6"
K 3125 mm 10' 2"
O56°
P45°
R56°
S65°
U 145 mm 0' 6"
X 1350 mm 4' 4"
Y 1615 mm 5' 3"
Z 2885 mm 9' 5"
a23830 mm 12' 6"
a32160 mm 7' 1"
a4±38 °
Work values
Bucket type
Data with Z-kinematics
and tires 12.0-18
Universal
bucket
Light material
bucket
4-in-1
bucket
High tip-
ping bucket
Bucket capacity m³
yd³
0.7
0.9
0.85
1.1
1.0
1.3
1.2
1.6
0.65
0.9
1.1
1.5
Tipping weight kg/m³
lb/yd³
1900
3202
1600
2696
1400
2359
1100
1854
1900
3202
1000
1685
Tipping load, without steering
block (ISO-Dis.)
kg
lb
3250
7165
3200
7055
3150
6944
3100
6834
3000
6614
2500
5512
Tipping load, full steering
block (ISO-Dis.)
kg
lb
2900
6393
2850
6283
2800
6173
2750
6063
2650
5842
2250
4960
Lifting force, max. kN
lbf
3.0
7868
34.0
7644
33.5
7531
32.0
7194
32.5
7306
38.0
8543
Ripping force kN
lbf
35.0
7868
30.5
7644
28.0
6295
25.0
5620
36.5
8206
--
--
A Overall length mm
ft in
5035
16'5"
5135
16'8"
5195
17'0"
5295
17'3"
5005
16'4"
5510
18'1"
L Lifting height mm
ft in
4060
13'3"
4140
13'6"
4190
13'7"
4285
14'1"
4070
13'3"
4890
16'0"
V Bucket width mm
ft in
1650
5'1"
1650
5'1"
1800
5'9"
1800
5'9"
1650
5'1"
1800
5'9"
a1 Turning circle diameter mm
ft in
8210
26'9"
8260
27'1"
8410
27'5"
8460
27'7"
8220
26'9"
8620
28'3"
T Bucket depth below plane,
max.
mm
ft in
120
0'5"
120
0'5"
120
0'5"
120
0'5"
160
0'6"
120
0'5"
H Tipping height mm
ft in
2510
8'2"
2435
7'9"
2395
7'8"
2320
7'6"
2480
8'1"
3540
11'6"
M Reach at full height mm
ft in
660
2'1"
720
2'3"
765
2'5"
830
2'7"
575
1'8"
1005
3'2"
N Reach, max. mm
ft in
1475
4'8"
1535
5'0"
1580
5'1"
1645
5'3"
1390
4'5"
2140
7'0"
Operating weight kg
lb
4300
9480
4330
9546
4340
9568
4390
9678
4460
9833
4670
10295
Data with loading fork Standard version
Distance from centre of gravity 500 mm
Tipping load, tipped (ISO-DIS). kg/lb 2290/5049
Pay load acc. to EN 474-3, 60/80% kg/lb 1350/1800/2976/3968
Effective load 80%, transport position 38° tipped kg/lb 2200/4850
M200003
A
A
B
C
D
N
M
P
O
G
HZJKL
T
R
US
F
Y
X
V
2
a
3
a
4
a
1
a

Presentation
14 Technical data
Engine:
Engine Volvo
Model D3D C. E.
Engine power:
SAE J1995 41.5 kW 56.5 hp
SAE J1349 - DIN ISO 1585 39.9 kW 54.3 hp
at engine speed 2300/min. 38.3 r/s
Max. torque 180 Nm 132 lbf ft
at engine speed 1700/min. 28 r/s
Number cylinders/design 4/in line
Bore/stroke 94 / 112 mm 3.7" in / 4.4" in
Displacement 3108 cm3190 cu. in
Combustion method Direct injection
Cooling Oil / Air
Electric system:
System voltage 12 V
Battery voltage 12 V
Battery capacity 88 Ah
Three-phase generator 1120 W / 80 A
Starter power 2.2 kW 3.0 hp
Travel speeds:
Gear "1" (turtle) forward / reverse 0 - 4.5 km/h 0 - 2.8 mph
Gear "2" (rabbit) forward / reverse 0 - 20 km/h 0 - 12 mph
Chassis:
Max. floating height of a wheel 226 mm 8.9" in
Oscillation angle ± 10°

Presentation
Technical data 15
Steering:
Steering cylinders: one double acting steering
cylinders
Articulation angle - steering ± 38°
Steering pump:
Flow rate 25 l/min. 6.6 US gpm
at engine speed 2300/min. 38.3 r/s
Pressure relief setting 18.5 MPa 2680 psi
Hydraulics:
Hydraulic pump:
Flow rate 52 l/min. 13.7 US gpm
at engine speed 2300/min. 38.3 r/s
Pressure relief setting 20 MPa 2905 psi
One double acting tipping cylinder
Onedoubleactingliftcylinder
Lifting time (under load) 6.0 sec.
Lowering time (empty) 4.0 sec.
Tipping time 1.5 sec.
Tipping back time 2.0 sec.
Filling capacities:
Fuel tank 60 l 15.8 US gal
Engine incl. filter 10.5 l 2.8 US gal
Hydraulic system incl. tank 60 l 15.8 US gal
Front axle, total 4.1 l 1.08 US gal
Rear axle with gearbox, total 5.8 l 1.5 US gal

Presentation
16 Technical data USA
General Information
The USA federal clean air act
The Federal Clean Air Act Section 203 (a) (3) states that the
removal of air pollution control devices or the modification of an
EPA-certified non road engine to a non certified configuration.
The Federal regulations implementing the Clean Air Act for non-
road engines, 40 C.F.R. section 89.1003(a)(3)(i) reads as follows:
The following acts and the causing thereof are prohibited:
For a person to remove or render inoperative a device or
element of design installed on or in a non road engine vehicle
or equipment in compliance with regulations under this part
prior to its sale and delivery to the ultimate purchaser or for a
person knowingly to remove or render inoperative such a
device or element of design after the sale and delivery to the
ultimate purchaser.
The law provides a penalty of up to $2,500 for each violation.
An example of a prohibited modification is the recalibration of the
fuel system so that the engine will exceed the certified horsepower
or torque.
You should not make a change to an EPA-certified non-road
engine that would result in an engine that does not match the
engine configuration certified to meet the Federal Standards.
Customer assistance
Volvo Construction Equipment wishes to assure that the Emission
Control System Warranty is properly administered. In the event
that you do no receive the warranty service to which you believe
you are entitled under the Emission Control System Warranty, you
should contact your nearest Volvo Construction Equipment
Regional office for assistance.

Presentation
Technical data USA 17
Normal non-road engine use
The Maintenance Instructions are based on the assumption that
this conventional machine will be used as designated in the Oper-
ator's Instruction Manual and operated only with the specified fuel
and lubrication oils.
Non-road engine maintenance
The non-road engine is of conventional design and any local deal-
er may perform the necessary non-road engine emission control
maintenance defined in this manual.
Volvo recommends that the purchaser use the service program for
the non-road engine, known as Preventative Maintenance, includ-
ing the recommended engine emission control maintenance.
In order to document that the proper regular maintenance has
been performed on the non-road engine, Volvo recommends that
the owner keep all records and receipts of such maintenance.
These records and receipts should be transferred to each subse-
quent purchaser of the non-road engine.
Service performed by your local dealer
Your local dealer is best qualified to give you good, dependable
service since he has trained service technicians and is equipped
with genuine original manufacturer's parts and special tools, as
well as the latest technical publications. Discuss your servicing
and maintenance requirements with your local dealer. He can tai-
lor a maintenance program for your needs.
For regular scheduled service or maintenance, it is advisable to
contact your local dealer in advance to arrange for an appointment
to ensure availability of the correct equipment and service techni-
cian to work on your machine. This will aid your local dealer in
efforts to decrease service time on your machine.

Presentation
18 Technical data USA
Preventive maintenance program
To retain the dependability, noise level and exhaust emission con-
trol performance originally built into your conventional non-road
engine, it is essential that the non-road engine receive periodic
service, inspections, adjustments and maintenance.
Fuel system
Fuel Recommendations:
The fuel used must be clean, completely distilled, stable and non-
corrosive. Distillation range, cetane level and sulfur content are
most important when selecting fuel for optimum combustion and
minimum wear.
Engine working conditions and ambient temperature influence the
selection of the fuel with respect to cold handling properties and
cetane levels.
In cold weather conditions, below 32 ºF (0 ºC), the use of lighter
distillate or higher cetane level fuel are recommended. (Final boil-
ing point max. 660 ºF (349 ºC) and cetane min 45.)
To avoid excessive deposit formation and to minimize the emis-
sions of sulfur dioxide into the ambient air, the sulfur content of the
fuel should be the lowest available. The diesel fuels recommend-
ed for use in Volvo engines should meet ASTM designation: D 975
No. ID (C-B) or No. 2D (T-T); with a cetane level above 42 and sul-
fur content not exceeding 0.5 percent by weight.
Check for fuel leaks (with the engine running at fast idle):
– Visually check unions and hose connections.
Check the condition of the fuel hoses for:
–Ageing
–Cracks
–Blisters
–Scuffing
Check the condition of the fuel tank:
– Drain water condensation.
– Check for cracks.
– Check for leaks.
– Check the mounting.
Check the turbocharger:
– Visually check for leaks in the intake hoses and exhaust pipe of
the turbocharger.