Watson-Marlow 701RA User manual

Watson-Marlow
701 ATEX Pumphead
User Manual
m-701atex-04:PB0348/ 4

Watson-Marlow 701 ATEX Pumphead User Manual
PB0348:m-701atex-en-04 1
1 Declaration of conformity 3
2 Introduction 4
3 Pumphead types 5
3.1 701RA Pumphead description 5
4 Warranty 6
5 Information for returning pumps 7
6 Safety notes 7
7 Potential pump hazards 9
8 Pumphead assembly and installation 10
8.1 Installation 10
8.2 Assembly 12
8.3 Pump installation 15
9 Pumphead specification 16
10 Operating parameters 17
11 Tube life 18
12 Special conditions of use for safe operation - Tube materials suitable for use with
this equipment 19
12.1 Permissible continuous tube sizes for IIB rating 20
12.2 Permissible LoadSure Elements for IIB rating 21
13 General operation 22
14 701REA/REXA LoadSure tube element loading 23
15 701RA/RXA Continuous Tube Loading 25
16 Maintenance 27
16.1 Track replacement 27
17 Materials of construction 29
18 Summary of modifications 30
19 ATEX marking 30
19.1 Key 30
EN EN EN EN EN EN EN EN EN EN EN EN EN EN EN EN EN

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20 Dimensions 31
21 Replacements 31
22 Performance data 32
22.1 Pumping conditions 32
23 Patient-connected use—warning 32
24 Disclaimers 33
Original instructions
The original instructions for this manual have been written in English. Other language versions of this
manual are a translation of the original instructions

1 Declaration of conformity
Watson-Marlow Limited
Falmouth
Cornwall
TR11 4RU
England
1. 700 Series, ATEX compliant, configured peristaltic pumpheads.
2. Manufacturer:
Watson Marlow Ltd
Bickland Water Road
Falmouth
TR11 4RU
UK
3. This declaration of conformity is issued underthe sole responsibility of the manufacturer.
4. 701 (RA, REA, RXA, REXA and RGA variants) ATEX close-coupled pumpheads
5. The object of the declaration described above isin conformity with the relevant Union harmonisation
legislation: ATEX Directive 2014/34/EU
II 2G Ex h IIB T4 Gb X
This declaration applies to the pump when using the Watson-Marlow tubing stated within the pumphead manual and in
accordance with the operating instructions provided in the manual. The use of any other tubing material in the pump
would invalidate this declaration.
6. Harmonised standards used:
EN 80079-36:2016
EN 80079-37:2016
7. Notified body, SGS Fimko Oy (CE0598), P.OBox 30 FI-00211, Helsinki, Finland, holds a copy of the technical
reference file “ATEX-WM”, containing full details of the conformity assessment procedure.
Signed for and behalf of:
Watson Marlow Ltd
Falmouth, 31 October 2019
Simon Nicholson, Managing Director, Watson-Marlow Limited
Watson-Marlow Fluid Technology Group Telephone [phone]
A Spirax-Sarco Engineering plc company
EU declaration of conformity
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2 Introduction
Directive 2014/34/EU, commonly known as the ATEX directive, carries obligations to the person who
places equipment on the market, in the EU territory, for use in potentially explosive environments.
All of Watson-Marlow’s ATEX pumps have been rated as II 2G Ex h IIB T4 Gb X under the definitions of
2014/34/EU:
lEquipment group II
lEquipment category 2
lEnvironment G
lMechanical protection concepts EX h
lGas group IIB
lTemperature class T4
lEquipment protection level Gb
lSpecial operating restrictions X (see section 12 "Special conditions of use for safe operation - Tube
materials suitable for use with this equipment" on page19)
"Equipment category 2 comprises equipment designed to be capable of functioning in conformity with
the operational parameters established by the manufacturer and of ensuring a high level of protection.
Equipment in this category is intended for use in areas in which explosive atmospheres caused by gases,
vapours, mists or air/dust mixtures are likely to occur occasionally. The means of protection relating to
equipment in this category ensure the requisite level of protection, even in the event of frequently
occurring disturbances or equipment faults which normally have to be taken into account."
Watson-Marlow pumps must not be used in the underground parts of mines, and in surface
installations of such mines, likely to become endangered by firedamp and/or combustible
dust.
As stated in the Directive, where two or more items of ATEX equipment are combined, the complete
assembly shallcarry the same rating as the lowest ranking individual piece of equipment.
All Watson-Marlow ATEX pumps covered by this manual are intended for use in gas based environments
only.
If you are unsure about the meaning of this ATEXrating see section 19 "ATEX marking" on page30 or
contact your Watson-Marlow representative for advice. Watson-Marlow representatives can advise which
rating and approvals products carry, but cannot evaluate nor recommend which product may be
suitable for use in an end users hazardous installation. Only the end user or their qualified representative
can confirm the ATEX rating of the equipment meetsthe requirements of their installation.
DANGER! - EXPLOSIONHAZARD
Incorrectly selected ATEX equipment can cause fire or explosion.

3 Pumphead types
The following 700 series pumpheads are covered by this manual:
701 ATEX Pumpheads
701RA 073.0101.A00 Four Roller ATEX Pumphead for 4.8mm wall continuous
tubing
701REA 073.0104.A00 Four Roller ATEX Pumphead for Loadsure tubing
Elements only
701RXA 073.0111.A00 Four Roller ATEX Extension Pumphead for 4.8mm wall
continuous tubing
701REXA 073.0114.A00 Four Roller ATEX Extension Pumphead for Loadsure
tubing Elements only
701RGA 073.0121.A0G Four Roller ATEX Pumphead for 4.8mm GORE® STA-
PURE® Pump Tubing
* NB: these pumpheads are compatible with a number of Watson-Marlow cased drives. However, the
Watson-Marlow cased drives are not ATEX compliant and must not be used in hazardous locations.
Any 700 series pumpheads not listed here are NOT suitable for use in hazardous
environments (at date of issue).
3.1 701RA Pumphead description
The 701 ATEX pumpheads use the peristaltic principle by employing 4 occluding rollers assembled as a
rotor, which occludes a specially designed tube and provides fluid flow by positive displacement as it
rotates.
The pumphead is largely of coated metal construction with metal shafts for the occluding rollers. The
occluding rollers are driven by a gear within the pumphead and are of nylon construction. The rotation
of the occluding rollers is allowed using roller bearings. Materials of construction are detailed in this
manual.
The pumphead is designed to be direct mounted or close coupled onto a suitable motor gearbox using
the instructions detailed in this manual.
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4 Warranty
Watson-Marlow Ltd ("Watson-Marlow") warrants this product to be free from defects in materials and workmanship for
one year from the date of shipment, under normal use and service.
Watson-Marlow's sole responsibility and the customer's exclusive remedy for any claim arising out of the purchase of
any product from Watson-Marlow is, at Watson-Marlow's option: repair, replacement or credit, where applicable.
Unless otherwise agreed in writing, the foregoing warranty is limited to the country in which the product is sold.
No employee, agent or representative of Watson-Marlow has the authority to bind Watson-Marlow to any warranty
other than the foregoing unless in writing and signed by a director of Watson-Marlow. Watson- Marlow makes no
warranty of the fitness of its products for a particular purpose.
In no event:
i. shall the cost of the customer's exclusive remedy exceed the purchase price of the product;
ii. shall Watson- Marlow be liable for any special, indirect, incidental, consequential, or exemplary damages,
however arising, even if Watson-Marlow has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
Watson-Marlow shall not be liable for any loss, damage, or expense directly or indirectly related to or arising out of the
use of its products, including damage or injury caused to other products, machinery, buildings, or property. Watson-
Marlow shall not be liable for consequential damages, including without limitation, lost profits, loss of time,
inconvenience, loss of product pumped, and loss of production.
This warranty does not obligate Watson- Marlow to bear any costs of removal, installation, transportation, or other
charges which may arise in connection with a warranty claim.
Watson-Marlow shall not be responsible for shipping damage of returned items.
Conditions
oProducts must be returned by pre-arrangement to Watson-Marlow, or a Watson-Marlow approved service centre.
oAll repairs or modifications must have been made by Watson-Marlow Ltd, or a Watson-Marlow approved service
centre or with the express permission in writing of Watson-Marlow, signed by a manager or director of Watson-
Marlow.
oAny remote control or system connections must be made in accordance to Watson-Marlow recommendations.
oAll PROFIBUS systems must be installed or certified by a PROFIBUS approved installation engineer.
Exceptions
lConsumable items including tubing and pumping elements are excluded.
lPumphead rollers are excluded.
lRepairs or service necessitated by normal wear and tear or by lack of reasonable and proper maintenance are
excluded.
lProducts which, in the judgement of Watson- Marlow, have been abused, misused, or subject to malicious or
accidental damage or neglect are excluded.
lFailure caused by electrical surge is excluded.
lFailure caused by incorrect or sub-standard system wiring is excluded.
lDamage by chemical attack is excluded.
lAncillaries such as leak detectors are excluded.
lFailure caused by UV light or direct sunlight.
lAny attempt to disassemble a Watson-Marlow product will invalidate the product warranty.
Watson-Marlow reserves the right to amend these terms and conditions at any time.

5 Information for returning pumps
Before returning products, they must be thoroughly cleaned/decontaminated. The declaration
confirming this should be completed and returned to us in advance of the item being shipped.
You are required to complete and return a decontamination declaration stating all fluids that have been
in contact with the equipment being returned to us.
On receipt of the declaration, we will issue a Returns Authorisation Number. We reserve the right to
quarantine or refuse any equipment that is not displaying a Returns Authorisation Number.
Please complete a separate decontamination declaration for each product and use the correct form that
denotes the location you wish to return the equipment to.
A copy of the appropriate decontamination declaration can be downloaded from the Watson-Marlow
website at www.wmftg.com/decon
If you have any queries then please contact your local Watson-Marlow representative for further
assistance at www.wmftg.com/contact.
6 Safety notes
This safety information should be used in conjunction with the rest of this operating manual.
In the interests of safety, this pumphead should only be used by competent, suitably trained personnel
after they have read and understood the manual and considered any hazard involved. If the pump is
used in a manner not specified by Watson-Marlow Ltd, the protection provided by the pump may be
impaired. Any person who is involved in the installation or maintenance of this equipment should be
fully competent to carry out the work. In the UK this person should also be familiar with the Health and
Safety at Work Act 1974.
This symbol, used on the pump and in the manual, means: Caution,
refer to accompanying documents.
This symbol, used on the pump and in the manual, means: Do not
allow fingers to contact moving parts.
This symbol, used on the pump and in the manual, means: Caution,
hot surface.
This symbol, used on the pump and in the manual, means: Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE) must be worn.
This pump must be used only for its intended purpose.
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The pump must be accessible at all times to facilitate operation and maintenance. Access points must not
be obstructed or blocked.
If hazardous fluids are to be pumped, safety procedures specific to
the particular fluid and application must be put in place to protect
against injury to persons.
Ensure the chemicals to be pumped are compatible with the
pumphead, lubricant (where applicable), tubing, pipework and
fittings to be used with the pump. Please refer to the chemical
compatibility guide which can be found at: www.wmftg.com/chemical.
If you need to use the pump with any other chemical please contact
Watson-Marlow to confirm compatibility.
Explosion hazard. Failure to comply may cause severe or even fatal
injuries.
All work, e.g. transportation, storage, installation, connection,
commissioning, servicing and maintenance must be performed in a
non-explosive atmosphere.
Always check to ensure that an Exd motor gearbox is suitably rated for
the hazardous zone area in which it is to be used, including ATEX, Ex
and any other hazardous area legislation for the country in which it is
being installed. Exd motors should only be installed by Exd qualified
personnel.
Primary operator protection from rotating parts of the pump is
provided by the pumphead guard. Note that pumphead guards differ,
depending on the type of pumphead.

There are moving parts inside the pumphead. Before opening the
pumphead guard, ensure that the following safety directions are
followed:
1. Ensure that any motor drive connected to the pumphead is
isolated from any electrical or compressed air supply.
2. Ensure that there is no pressure in the pipeline
3. If a tube failure has occurred, ensure that any fluid in the
pumphead has been allowed to drain to a suitable vessel,
container or drain
4. Ensure the pumphead is isolated from the fluid supply
5. Ensure that appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is
worn
7 Potential pump hazards
As part of the requirements of ATEX Directive 2014/34/EU all potential hazards, including expected
malfunctions, have been identified and subjected to a risk assessment. In order to prevent these ignition
sources becoming hazardous, a number of changes have been implemented. In addition to
engineering modifications, the changes include comments in these instructions in order to specify
correct usage in hazardous locations.
Recognised ignition sources of the pumphead
Surface temperatures of rollers and spindles
Tube burst and subsequent spilling of pumped fluid
Mechanical failure of rotor hub
Exothermic chemical reaction
Electrostatic discharge
Bearing failure
Spring failure
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8 Pumphead assembly and installation
Preliminary checks
DANGER! - EXPLOSIONHAZARD
Failure to inspect the pumphead unit for damage or check the ATEX
labelling data may cause a fire or explosion.
Check the label on the pumphead to ensure that the pumphead type and the ATEX labelling conform to
the planning of the plant or machine.
Check that all components are present. Inspect components for damage in transit. If anything is missing
or damaged, contact your Watson-Marlow representative immediately.
8.1 Installation
Drive Selection
The pumphead should be connected to a motor with an ATEX rating which is equivalent or better than
the pumphead rating II 2G Ex h IIB T4 Gb X.
DANGER! - EXPLOSIONHAZARD
The drive and any attachments to the pumphead unit must also be
ATEX compliant. Only motors with adequate ATEX Zone category
according to type plate may be used.
Select a drive unit that can deliver at least the maximum torque required to run the pumphead in the
application.
The intended maximum torque required for startup is 10Nm. The maximum torque required for
continuous running of the pumphead is 2.5Nm.
CAUTION!
There is potential for damage to the pumphead and rotor shaft if the
continuous running torque exceeds 10Nm.
Drive Shaft Coupling Selection
Select a suitable ATEX certified shaft coupling based on operating factors. Ensure the maximum
permissible coupling load is not exceeded in any operating condition.
See below for details of the Pumphead shaft hub connection.
Pumphead Mounting
Note: Ensure all bolts are tightened to 3Nm and that bolt heads are sub flush with the rear of the
pumphead track.

Pumphead mounting dimensions
701 ATEX Pumphead : Mounting dimensions
MARLOW
WATSON
A
B
D
F
G
H
H
E
C
701RXA/RA
A
270mm (10.6")
701RA/RXA
310mm (12.2")
701REA/REXA
B 200mm (7.87")
C
2 off - M6 tapped holes
for base plate mounting
or rubber feet.
D 20mm (0.79")
E 52mm (2.05")
F 92mm (3.62")
G 40mm (1.57")
H 150mm (5.91")
701 Pumphead Drive Shaft Dimensions
A
F
B
C
D
E
A 21mm (0.83")
B 14mm (0.55")
C 40mm (1.57")
D 5mm (0.20")
E 3mm (0.12")
F Pumphead backplate
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Plain (feather) keys
H
W
L
Key
type Feather
Material Steel
H 5mm (0.20")
L 20mm (0.79")
W 5mm (0.20")
8.2 Assembly
DANGER! - EXPLOSIONHAZARD
The pumphead and drive shaft end(s) must be accurately aligned.
Observe the ATEX coupling manufacturers assembly instructions and
allowable displacement figures.

Assembly of a pumphead onto a horizontal baseplate
•Remove any rubber feet from the base of the pumphead ready for fitting the pumphead to
horizontal support plate.
•Align the two M6 tapped holes in the base of the pumphead with the two corresponding fixing
holes. See "Pumphead mounting dimensions" on page11
•Secure/fit the pumphead to the horizontal support plate using suitable length stainless steel M6
fasteners.
•Use of thread locking fasteners or compound is recommended.
Fitting an extension pumphead
lFrom the first pumphead remove: the plug from the tapped hole in the top right hand corner of the
pumphead frontplate (1); the track securing bolt and the track (2); the plug from the slot in the
centre shaft (3); the M8 x 16 socket head cap screw from the bottom left of the first pumphead (4).
lGrease the drive shaft dog of the extension pumphead with the grease supplied.
lApply thread locking compound to the M8 x 16 socket head cap screw in the top right hand corner of
the backplate of the extension pumphead.
lAlign the drive shaft dog of the extension pumphead with the slot in the drive shaft of the first
pumphead.
lFit the extension pumphead to the first pumphead. Ensure the backplate of the extension
pumphead is flat against the frontplate of the first pumphead.
lLightly tighten the socket head cap screw with the modified 6mm Allen key provided.
lApply thread locking compound to the M8 x 170 socket head cap screw in the bottom left of the
extension pumphead frontplate, and tighten it in sequence with the M8 cap screw in the backplate
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Prevention and dissipation of electrostatic charge
All Watson-Marlow ATEX rated pumpheads include provision for the prevention and dissipation of
electrostatic charge. In order to dissipate electrostatic charge effectively there must be sufficient electrical
contact between the pumphead and the suitably earthed drive.
It is imperative that the 701 ATEX series pumpheads are earthed by connecting the earth terminal on the
track to earth.
•Fit earth lead from pumphead to suitable earthing point , using M4 ring terminal provided.
•Ensure that all conductors and dissipative materials are earthed.
•Test effectiveness of the earth-bonding between the track and drive or support plate.
A
701RA 701RXA/RA
A - M4 ring terminal bonding link
Check the effectiveness of any earth connection by measuring its electrical resistance. The resistance must
not exceed 1 MΩ.

DANGER! - EXPLOSIONHAZARD
Failure to ensure dissipation of static may cause fire or explosion.
The resistance from any point on the pumphead guard to the earth
terminal is typically 25 Ohms.
Before commissioning:
•Test the maximum resistance from any point on the guard to
earth. The resistance must not exceed 1 MΩ.
•Test the maximum resistance from a metal point on the rotor
assembly to the drive casework. The resistance must not exceed
1 MΩ.
Peristaltic tubing is insulating and so its use should be limited to the
length adjacent to the pumphead. Earthed, conductive pipework
should be used elsewhere in the system.
8.3 Pump installation
For a correctly engineered installation please ensure that the following guidelines are followed:
lDo not build a pump into a tight location without adequate airflow around the pump.
lDo keep delivery and suction tubes as short and direct as possible and follow the straightest route.
Use bends of large radius: at least four times the tubing diameter. Ensure that connecting pipework
and fittings are suitably rated to handle the predicted pipeline pressure. Avoid pipe reducers and
lengths of smaller bore tubing than the pumphead section, particularly in pipelines on the suction
side. Any valves in the pipeline (not usually needed) must not restrict the flow. Any valves in the flow
line must be open when the pump is running.
lDo use suction and delivery pipes equal to or larger than the bore of the tube in the pumphead.
When pumping viscous fluids use pipe runs with a bore several times larger than the pump tube.
lDo ensure that your system fluid supply and discharge pipework is suitable for the hazardous
environment in which the pump is operating and doesn't allow for the accumulation of electrostatic
charge.
lDo site the pump at or just below the level of the fluid to be pumped if possible. This will ensure
flooded suction and maximum pumping efficiency.
lDo keep the pumphead track and all moving parts clean and free from contamination and debris.
lDo run at slow speed when pumping viscous fluids. Flooded suction will enhance pumping
performance in all cases, particularly for materials of a viscous nature.
lDo limit peristaltic tubing to the length adjacent to the pumphead because peristaltic tubing is
insulating. Electrostatic testing has been used to determine which Watson-Marlow tubing is suitable
for use in hazardous environments. See section 12 "Special conditions of use for safe operation -
Tube materials suitable for use with this equipment" on page19 for more information. Earthed,
conductive pipework should be used elsewhere in the system.
lWhen using Marprene or Bioprene continuous tubing, do re-tension the tube after the first 30
minutes of running.
lIf unsure of an installation please contact your local Watson-Marlow representative for further
assistance.
lTube selection: The chemical compatibility lists published in Watson- Marlow publications are
guides. If in doubt about the compatibility of a tube material and the duty fluid, request a Watson-
Marlow tube sample card for immersion trials.
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9 Pumphead specification
ATEX rating II 2G Ex h IIB T4 Gb X
Operating temperature 5C to 40C (41F to 104F)
Storage temperature -40C to 70C (-40F to 158F)
Humidity (non-condensing) 35% to 80%
dB rating (700 series) < 85dB (A) @ 1m
Note: Where specifications are listed in more than one operating manual, the lowest specification must
be adhered to.
For further information please contact your Watson-Marlow representative.

10 Operating parameters
The following tube materials can be used with 701RA, 701RXA Pumpheads. Bore sizes range from
9.6mm to 25.4mm, with a wall thickness of 4.8mm. LoadSure elements for the 701REA, 701REXA are
avilable in 12.7mm , 15.9mm or 19.0mm bore:
Tubing: working temperature range
Marprene 5C to 80C (41F to 176F)
Bioprene 5C to 80C (41F to 176F)
Pumpsil -20C to 80C (-4F to 176F)
PureWeld XL - 20C to 80C (-4F to 176F)
GORE® STA-PURE® Pump Tubing – Series PCS (701RGA only) -20C to 80C (-4F to 176F)
GORE® STA-PURE® Pump Tubing – Series PFL (701RGA only) -20C to 80C (-4F to 176F)
Neoprene 0C to 80C (32F to 176F)
The following parameters define the boundary of the safe working envelope - these values must not be
exceeded (ATEX compliance will be invalidated):
701R ATEX pumpheads (all model variants)
Ambient temperature range 5C to 40C (41F to 104F)
Max peak pressure 2 bar (29 psi)
Max continuous speed 360 rpm
Corrosion resistance section 17 "Materials of construction" on page29
Tube life section 11 "Tube life" on the next page
WARNING! Do not run dry for excessive periods. Roller and tubing
temperatures can exceed normal operating range.
Tube life will be reduced increasing the chance of premature failure.
WARNING! Do not run pumphead against a dead-end condition
(closed discharge). This can lead to excessive roller and tubing
temperatures and pressures in excess of the limits in the table above.
Tube life will be reduced increasing the chance of premature failure.
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WARNING! Do not run pumpheads at speed higher than the rated
maximum speed. This can lead to excessive roller and tubing
temperatures. Tube life will be reduced, increasing the chance of
premature failure.
When two or more items of ATEX equipment are combined, the permissible operating envelope will be
determined by the narrowest range after considering all values for a given parameter.
11 Tube life
A number of factors contribute to the life of the tubing:
Factors influencing tube life
Normal tube fatigue -dependent on tube size and material
Incorrect tube loading - see section 14 "701REA/REXA LoadSure tube element loading" on page23.
Excess working pressure - see section 10 "Operating parameters" on the previous page
Chemical incompatibility - a table of tubing compatibility can be found on www.wmftg.com/chemical.
Immersion kits are available from Watson-Marlow for testing.
For each application it is strongly recommended that tube life should be determined by trials, prior to
installation in a hazardous environment. If this is not possible, or if there is any doubt in terms of tube life
then the following hazards should be recognised before installing a pump in a potentially explosive
atmosphere:
See section 17"Materials of construction" on page29 for information on materials of construction.
Chemical reaction between pumped fluid and pump materials the materials of construction are listed
at www.wmftg.com/chemical.
Pumped fluid can be ignited by surface temperature of rollers - all Watson-Marlow’s ATEX equipment
has been rated as T4. (Meaning that even under worst-case operating conditions the maximum
surface temperature will not exceed 135C (275F)
In normal circumstances, rotor and tube life are maximised if the pumphead is run slowly, particularly
when pumping at high pressure.

12 Special conditions of use for safe operation - Tube
materials suitable for use with this equipment
The ATEX pumpheads have been rated as
11 2G EX h IIB T4 Gb X
The "X" denotes that users need to follow special operating instructions to achieve the ATEX rating. The
special instruction in this case relates to the tubing which is permissable for use in the pump. Only the
Watson-Marlow tubing listed below is to be used in these products to ensure suitability for ATEX. All the
Watson-Marlow tubing listed below has been electrostatically tested in accordance with EN80079‐36:2016,
6.7.5(b) and has been found to be acceptable for use in IIB gas environments. Any use of other
manufacturers tubes, or Watson-Marlow tube materials/sizes not listed below is a breach of these
operating instructions and may result in the equipment being unsuitable for the specified environment.
The following Watson-Marlow tube materials are suitable for use in 701 ATEX pumphead applications:
lPureWeld XL
lMarprene
lBioprene
lPumpsil
lGORE® STA-PURE® Pump Tubing – Series PCS (701RGA only)
lGORE® STA-PURE® Pump Tubing – Series PFL (701RGA only)
lNeoprene
Watson-Marlow recommend that the length of the tube used for the application is kept to the minimum
required for the pump to operate and connect to the users system. If the user requires longer lengths of
tubing to be used, it is their responsibility to ensure that the system is still in compliance and suitable for
the ATEX zone.
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