Yamaha Dx9 User manual

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4

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x

ИИ

Y

DIGITAL

PROGRAMMABLE

ALGORITHM

SYNTHESIZER

Operating

Manual

CONGRATULATIONS

Thank

you

for

choosing

the

Yamaha

DX9

Digital

Programmable

Algorithm

Synthesizer.

The

DX9

employs

unique

and

sophisticated

FM

digital

tone

generation

technology

combined

with

microcomputer

control

to

permit

creation

of

voices

that

are

more

“live

than

voices

available

with

any

other

system

available.

2»,

We

urge

you

to

read

this

owner's

manual

thoroughly

to

ensure

proper

operation

and

maximum

performance

of

the

instrument.

Features

€

The

ОХ9

has

a

20-voice

internal

memory,

while

external

cassette

tape

can

be

used

to

store

and

load

other

voices.

The

DX9

is

provided

with

а

voice

tape

containing

120

pre-programmed

voices.

Extensive

microcomputer

programming

control

makes

it

possible

to

edit

existing

voices

to

change

their

character,

or

produce

entirely

new

voices.

New

voices

can

also

be

created

“from

scratch.”

Edited

or

new

voices

can

be

stored

either

in

the

instrument's

internal

memory,

or

on

an

external

cassette

tape,

so

sounds

you

create

can

be

saved

for

future

use.

PRECAUTIONS

LOCATION

Avoid

placing

your

synthesizer

in

direct

sunlight

or

close

to

a

source

of

heat.

It

is

also

important

to

avoid

locations

in

which

the

instrument

is

likely

to

be

subjected

to

vibration,

excessive

dust,

cold

or

moisture.

HANDLING

Avoid

applying

excessive

force

to

the

instruments's

knobs

and

switches.

POWER

CORD

Always

grip

the

power

plug

directly

when

unplugaing.

Removing

the

power

plug

from

the

wall

socket

by

pulling

on

the

power

cord

can

result

in

damage

to

or

shorting

of

the

power

cord.

Be

sure

to

unplug

your

synthesizer

if

you

will

not

be

using

it

for

an

extended

period

of

time.

RELOCATION

When

moving

the

synthesizer

once

it

has

been

set

up,

be

sure

to

disconnect

al!

cords

that

connect

to

other

equipment.

This

will

help

prevent

accidental

damage

to

or

shorting

of

interconnection

cables.

CONTENTS

PRECAUTIONS

232

cb

dr

није

or

a

пиво

e

Ra

eei

ertet

1

ЕЗ

КӨЛДЕН:

ЕН

КЕТТІ

b

e

UE

ew

2

CONNECTIONS

ъа

оаа

о

Rec

obs

4

PLAY

MOD

Eig

ds

pr

x

EE

ENS

CR

POE

E

5

FUNCTION

MODES

и

дала

Вита

и

rh

ides

6

FM

TONE

GENERATION

uid

Sues

a

ye

wee

и

зрна

9

EDIT

MODES

eie

ео

qus

si

ebd

eee

are

12

KEY

TRANSPOSE

а

Иа

чв

аск

н.

16

STORE

SAVE

T-BOAD:'

ісе

хе

rte

qe

bare

sos

17

ои

оона

рава

21

LET'S

ACTUALLY

CREATE

А

VOICE

..........

23

LFO

BLOCK

DIAGHAM

салы

a

ola?

Goats

ns

26

SPECIFICATIONS

ааа

27

VOICE

DATA

LIST

са

мара

а

вама

be

ee

28

CONNECTION

Carefully

follow

the

“CONNECTION”

instructions

given

in

this

manual

when

setting

up

your

synthesizer.

Connection

errors

can

lead

to

serious

damage

to

the

instru-

ment,

amplifier,

and

speakers.

CLEANING

Do

not

use

solvents

such

as

benzine

or

thinner

to

clean

your

synthesizer

as

these

may

cause

discoloration

ог

staining

of

the

instrument's

exterior.

Use

a

soft,

dry

cloth.

SAVE

THIS

MANUAL

After

studying

this

manual

thoroughly,

it

should

be

stored

in

a

safe

place

for

future

reference.

LIGHTNING

In

the

event

of

an

electrical

storm,

the

instrument's

power

cord

should

be

unplugged

to

eliminate

the

possibility

of

serious

damage.

OTHER

APPLIANCES

Use

your

synthesizer

where

its

digital

circuitry

cannot

be

influenced

by

electromagnetic

radiation

from

appliances

such

as

televisions,

radios,

etc.

DX9

OUTLINE

As

stated

in

the

feature

summary

on

page

1,

the

DX9

can

be

used

to

play

pre-programmed

voices,

pre-programmed

voices

can

be

edited

to

alter

their

character,

or

completely

new

voices

can

be

created

from

scratch.

Newly

created

voices

can

be

memorized

for

future

use.

To

accomplish

all

this,

the

D

X9

has

four

main

operating

modes:

•

PLAY-MEMORY

SELECT

Mode

This

is

the

normal

performance

mode,

and

the

mode

in

which

pre-programmed

voices

can

be

selected.

€

FUNCTION

Mode

This

mode

permits

setting

parameters

pertaining

to

the

effect

of

the

controllers

(thumbwheel,

breath

controller)

and

is

also

used

for

loading

and

saving

data.

€

EDIT Mode

This

mode

permits

setting

parameters

that

determine

the

character

of

the

voices,

and

is

used

for

editing

existing

voices

or

creating

entirely

new

voices.

e

STORE

Mode

Edited

or

newly

created

voices

can

be

programmed

into

the

memory

in

this

mode.

All

functions

of

the

DX9

are

performed

in

one

of

the

above

modes.

Proper

understanding

of

the

functions

of

each

mode

is

the

key

to

successful

operation

of

and

performance

with

the

D

X9.

1.

Voiume

2.

DATA

ENTRY

section

5.

Voice/Parameter

Power

switch

Connector

jacks

3.

Mode

Select

key

section

Select

key

section

4.

Display

pane!

7.

Modulation

wheel

6.

Pitch

bend

wheel

Headphone,

breath

controller

connector

jacks

8.

Keyboard

1

VOLUME

DATA

ENTRY

This

controls

the

output

level

of

the

DX9

and

at

the

same

MAX.

time

controls

the

volume

of

the

headphones.

These

keys

are

for

increasing

or

decreasing

the

values

by

1,

for

2

DATA

ENTRY

turning

a

function

on

or

off,

This

combination

of

keys

and

linear

control

is

used

to

enter

and

modify

data.

HEEL

EL

I

NO

YES

OFF

ON

This

control

is

used

for

coarse

value

adjustment.

This

slide

controller

covers

the

entire

range

for

each

parameter

from

minimum

to

maximum.

<2>

3

MODE

SELECT

KEY

Selects

four

operating

modes

of

the

DX9

(PLAY,

EDIT,

FUNCTION,

STORE).

STORE

FUNCTION

This

key

sets

the

FUNCTION

mode,

This

key

sets

the

STORE

mode,

EDIT/

MEMORY

COMPARE

SELECT

This

key

sets

the

PLAY

mode.

This

key

sets

the

EDIT

mode.

4

DISPLAY

PANEL

This

Liquid

Crystal

Display

panel

displays

the

parameters

in

each

mode.

MEMORY

SELECT

MASTER

ТИНЕ

НОЈ

Preset

voice

number

display

Display

the

current

state

of

the

system.

5

VOICE/PARAMETER

SELECT

KEY

These

keys

select

the

voices

in

the

instrument's

internal

memory.

The

same

keys

are

also

used

to

select

parameters

in

the

FUNCTION

or

EDIT

modes.

One

key

can

have

a

maximum

of

four

different

functions.

The

function

of

these

keys

is

determined

by

the

Mode

Select

key.

Voice

Parameter

ALGORITHM

LFO

—

OPERATOR

ON-OFF/EG

COPY

1

2

/FEEDBACK

МАМЕ

MASTER

POLY/MONO

/PITCH

BEND

MODE

TIME

TUNE

ADJ

RANGE

PORTAMENTO

Voice

Number

Function

Parameter

(3?

6

PITCH

BEND

WHEEL

The

pitch

bend

range

is

set

in

the

FUNCTION

mode.

The

pitch

bend

wheel

then

permits

upward

and

downward

pitch

bend

throughout

the

set

range.

7

MODULATION

WHEEL

The

modulation

depth

range

is

set

in

the

FUNCTION

mode.

The

modulation

wheel

then

permits

variation

of

modu-

lation

depth

throughout

the

set

range.

8

KEYBOARD

The

DX9

has

a

61-key

keyboard

with

16-voice

polyphonic

capability

(a

monophonic

mode

is

also

selectable).

€

CASSETTE

INTERFACE

An

inexpensive

cassette

recorder

can

be

connected

to

the

cassette

interface

terminals,

permitting

saving

and

loading

voices

to

and

from

standard

compact

cassette

tapes.

The

DX9

is

supplied

with

a

voice

cassette

containing

120

voices

in

6

groups

of

20

voices

each.

CONNECTIONS

€

Setting

Up

and

Applying

Power

The

DX9

does

not

have

an

internal

power

amplifier,

therefore

either

headphones

or

an

external

amplifier/speaker

system

are

required.

A

high-quality

keyboard

amplifier

system

is

recommended.

Hook

up

your

DX9

as

shown

in

the

diagram

below.

Connections

For

details

concerning

the

CASSETTE

connectors

refer

to

page

18.

For

detaile

concerning

the

MIDI

connectors

refer

to

page

21.

=

[edo

AC

wail

outlet

(FC-4orFC-5)

(РОЗА)

у

Foot

switch

Footswitch

Foot

controller

Mixer

(portamento)

(sustain)

(volume)

Speaker

system

with

built-in

amplifier

Music

stand

Headphones

|

(8

-

150

ohms)

e

C

araheng

Attach

the

music

stand

(BC1)

as

shown

in

the

figure

€

Turn

POWER

ON

The

DX9

power

switch

is

located

to

the

right

of

the

rear

panel

(viewed

from

keyboard

side).

Turn

the

POWER

switch

ON

only

after

all

connections

to

other

equipment

(and

to

the

AC

supply)

have

been

properly

made.

The

display

pane!

will

appear

as

in

the

illustration

below

im-

mediately

after

power

is

switched

on.

After

a

few

seconds,

the

same

mode

that

was

engaged

before

power

was

turned

off

is

re-engaged.

For

example,

if

the

PLAY

mode

was

previously

engaged,

the

PLAY

mode

will

be

re-engaged

and

the

previously

selected

voice

will

be

ready

for

performance.

The

same

applies

to

the

EDIT

and

FUNCTION

modes.

YAMAHA

Оз

ж

SYNTHESIZER

ж

<4>

PLAY

MODE

€

Playing

the

Internal

Voices

The

DX9

has

20

internal

voices,

any

one

of

which

can

be

selected

simply

by

pressing

the

key,

and

then

by

pressing

the

appropriate

Voice

Select

key.

Each

Voice

Select

key

has

a

large

numeral

that

corresponds

to

the

voice

number

at

its

left

edge.

Select

and

play

each

voice

to

get

a

feel

for

the

kind

of

sounds

that

are

available.

EDIT/

MEMORY

COMPARE

SELECT

|

|]

|

Press

the

Memory

Select

key,

C_F

t]

set

to

the

Play

mode.

REL

NEN

Select

the

oreset

Voice

voice

number

Display

at

the

Play

mode

MEMORY

SELECT

MASTER

ТИНЕ

НОЈ

Display

shows

the

last

parameter

at

the

Function

mode.

Fine

adjustment

of

volume

while

playing

can

be

achieved

using

an

optional

FC-3A

foot

controller

plugged

into

the

VOLUME

jack

on

the

DXO9

rear

panel.

Remember

that

the

DX9

and

amplifier

volume

controls

should

be

set

high

enough

that

adequate

volume

control

range

is

available

using

the

foot

controller.

Lm

===

=

ОС

(FC-3A)

“С

65»

€

Set

the

desired

VOLUME

level

With

power

to

the

DX9

and

your

amplifier

system

ON,

gradually

raise

the

volume

control

while

playing

a

note

on

the

keyboard

until

the

desired

volume

level

is

reached.

Set

the

volume

contro!

on

your

amplifier

so

the

optimum

volume

is

attained

with

the

DX9

volume

control

set

at

about

48”

®

Playing

the

External

Voices

The

voice

data

contained

on

the

voice

data

cassette

must

be

loaded

into

the

instrument

before

it

can

be

played,

Refer

to

the

"LOAD"

section

on

page

19

for

loading

instructions.

When

data

entry

is

initiated

while

in

the

PLAY

mode,

the

parameter

selected

at

the

end

of

the

FUNCTION

mode

can

be

controlled.

FUNCTION

MODE

ө

FUNCTION

Mode

....

Applying

Effects

The

FUNCTION

mode

permits

tuning,

pitch

bend,

modu-

lation,

and

application

of

other

effects

while

playing,

as

well

as

voice

data

load/save

operations.

Press

the

key

to

enter

the

FUNCTION

mode.

Setting

controller

range

parameters,

etc.,

is

carried

out

using

the

DATA

ENTRY

controls.

€

Function

parameters

are

memorized

and

maintained

even

when

power

to

the

DX9

is

cut

off.

Unlike

voice

data,

however,

function

parameters

cannot

be

saved

in

internal

or

external

memory.

OPERATOR

ON

РЕШЕ.

con

ALGORI

/FEEDB:

СО

p

d

B

MASTER

|

POLY/MONO

i

BEND

MODE

TIME

.

TUNE

A

ANGE

PORTAMENTO

=

OSCILLATOR

EG

OPERATOR

FREQUENCY

FREQUENCY

DETUNE/

SELECT

COARSE

SYNC

RATE

RANGE

PITCH

AMPLITUDE

ЕС

BIAS

RANGE

MODULATION

WHEEL

BREATH

Function

Parameter

®

MASTER

TUNE

NN

MASTER

TUNE

ADJ

MASTER

TUNE

adjusts

the

overall

tuning

of

the

DX9

to

match

its

pitch

with

other

instruments,

Pitch

is

variable

over

a

150

cent

range.

Press|

MASTER

TUNE]

and

then

use

the

linear

DATA

ENTRY

control

for

tuning.

DATA

ENTRY

Only

the

linear

control

in

the

DATA

ENTRY

sec-

tion

functions

for

MASTER

TUNE.

F

ine

adjustments

using

the

+1,

—1

keys

is

not

possible.

CN

CNN

e

POLY/MONO

AN

POLY/MONO

Determines

whether

the

DX9

will

function

in

the

poly-

phonic

or

monophonic

mode.

Press

the

DATA

ENTRY

key

for

polyphonic

operation,

and

the

key

for

monophonic

operation.

€

The

range

of

the

portamento

effect

is

different

in

the

polyphonic

and

monophonic

modes.

Refer

to

the

PORTAMENTO

section

below.

«6»

e

PITCH

BEND

RANGE

в

PITCH

BEND

RANGE

The

range

of

pitch

bend

can

be

set

from

O

to

12.

0

range

is

equivalent

to

no

pitch

bend.

A

setting

of

12

permits

pitch

bend

over

а

+1200

cent

(2

octave)

range.

If

the

range

is

set

at

7,

then

pitch

bend

will

be

possible

over

a

+700

cent

range

(i.e.

plus

or

minus

one

fifth).

Pitch

bend

wheel

Add

pitch

bend

effects

•

PORTAMENTO

4

b

|

MODE

TIME

PORTAMENTO

The

portamento

effect

varies

according

to

whether

the

D

X9

is

in

the

polyphonic

or

monophonic

mode.

MONOPHONIC

MODE:

In

this

mode

press

the

DATA

ENTRY

key

to

activate

“FINGERED

PORTA”.

In

this

mode

the

legato

effect

is

applied

only

when

a

second

note

is

played

while

a

previ-

ously

played

note

is

still

held.

Press

the

DATA

ENTRY

key

to

activate

"FULL

TIME

PORTA".

In

this

mode

portamento

is

always

applied.

POLYPHONIC

MODE:

In

the

polyphonic

mode

"FULL

TIME

PORTA"

is

always

activated.

TIME:

Adjusts

the

speed

of

the

portamento

effect

from

O

to

99.

A

O

setting

results

in

no

effect,

while

a

setting

of

99

pro-

duces

the

longest

(slowest)

portamento.

€

[he

portamento

effect

can

also

be

turned

ОМ

or

OFF

using

an

optional

FC-4

ог

FC-5

foot

pedal

once

the

portamento

function

has

been

turned

on

in

the

"FULL

TIME

PORTA"

mode.

Pressing

the

foot

pedal

turns

the

effect

ON.

The

effect

is

OFF

when

the

foot

pedal

is

released.

The

portamento

effect

cannot

be

turned

ON

or

OFF

in

the

“FINGERED

PORTA”

mode.

€

An

FC-4

or

FC-5

foot

pedal

can

also

be

connected

for

sustain

pedal

control.

In

the

monophonic

mode,

a

key

pressed

while

another

key

is

held

will

take

priority,

and

the

sustain

effect

will

apply

to

the

new

key.

Releasing

the

pedal

turns

the

sustain

effect

OFF.

•

CASSETTE

EM

M

M

|

SAVE

/VERIFY

LOAD

LOAD

SINGLE

REMOTE

CASSETTE

These

keys

permit

saving

all

20

internal

memory

voices

to

an

external

cassette

tape,

or

loading

20

voices

or

a

specified

single

voice

from

an

external

cassette

tape.

SAVE/VERIFY,

LOAD,

LOAD

SINGLE,

and

REMOTE

keys

are

provided.

Refer

to

the

STORE/SAVE/LOAD

instructions

on

page

17.

SAVE/VERIF

Y:

The

SAVE

function

saves

all

20

voices

in

the

internal

memory

to

an

external

cassette

tape,

while

the

VERIFY

function

checks

to

make

sure

that

all

the

voices

were

prop-

erly

saved.

Pressing

the

key

repeatedly

alternates

between

the

"SAVE

TO

TAPE?”

and

"VERIFY

TAPE?”

displays.

LOAD:

This

key

permits

loading

20

voices

at

a

time

from

an

external

cassette

tape

into

the

internal

memory.

LOAD

SINGLE:

This

key

permits

loading

a

specified

single

voice

from

a

group

of

voices

previously

saved

on

a

cassette

tape.

The

number

of

the

voice

in

the

group

from

which

the

desired

voice

will

be

loaded

must

be

specified

(1

—

20).

REMOTE:

This

key

permits

remote

control

of

cassette

recorders

that

have

a

REMOTE

terminal.

Normally

when

the

cassette

recorder's

remote

terminal

is

connected

to

the

D

X9,

the

tape

will

not

run

until!

either

the

LOAD

or

SAVE

function

is

initiated

even

if

the

Play

or

Record

controls

are

engaged.

The

REMOTE

function

makes

it

possible

to

start

or

stop

the

tape

to

facilitate

locating

the

beginning

of

voice

groupes,

etc,

ө

MODULATION

WHEEL

/

BREATH

CONTROLLER

m

je

Ре

je

|

RANGE

PITCH

AMPLITUDE

EG

BIAS

MODULATION

WHEEL

е

|е |”

|е

|

RANGE

PITCH

AMPLITUDE

EG

BIAS

BREATH

CONTROL

The

modulation

wheel

or

breath

controller

can

be

used

to

control

LFO

modulation

depth

applied

to

pitch,

amplitude

or

envelope

producing

controllable

tremolo

or

vibrato

effects

while

playing.

Setting

the

RANGE,

PITCH,

AM-

PLITUDE

and

ENVELOPE

GENERATOR

BIAS

para-

meters

for

each

controller

is

basica!ly

the

same

process,

so

we'll

concentrate

mainly

on

the

MODULATION

wheel.

Since

LFO

modulation

is

the

effect

in

question,

the

voice

used

must

have

non-zero

set

for

PITCH

and/or

AMPLI-

TUDE

MODULATION

SENSITIVITY

parameters

in

the

EDIT

mode.

Hefer

to

the

MODULATION

SENSITIVITY

section

on

page

13

for

details.

1.

MODULATION

WHEEL

To

add

modulation

effects

Ag

0

.

“оу

RANGE:

Range

can

be

set

from

0

to

99.

No

effect

is

produced

with

a

O

setting,

and

a

setting

of

99

produces

maximum

effect.

PITCH:

Determines

whether

LFO

modulation

is

applied

to

pitch.

Pitch

is

modulated

if

ON,

and

not

modulated

if

OFF.

AMPLITUDE:

Determines

whether

LFO

modulation

is

applied

to

ampli-

tude.

Amplitude

is

modulated

if

ON,

and

not

modulated

if

OFF.

<7>

б

ЕС

(ENVELOPE

GENERATOR)

BIAS:

When

EG

BIAS

is

ON,

volume

or

brilliance

(wow)

variation

effects

can

be

added

with

the

controllers

by

varying

the

level

of

each

operator's

envelope

generator.

MOD.

SENSI-

TIVITY

(AMPLITUDE)

is

used

to

set

the

sensitivity

(refer

to

page

13.)

Applying

EG

BIAS

to

a

modulator

results

in

brilliance

effects,

while

applied

to

a

carrier

it

results

in

volume

variation

effects.

іп

some

cases,

if

the

carrier

sensitivity

is

maximum

and

the

controller

is

set

to

its

minimum,

no

sound

will

be

produced.

As

for

“modulator”

and

"'carrier"",

refer

to

the

FM

TONE

GENERATION

section

on

page

9.

2.

BREATH

CONTROL

The

LFO

modulation

effect

programmed

can

be

controlled

using

an

optional

BC1

breath

controller.

The

effect

is

controlled

by

blowing

into

the

ВС1

mouthpiece.

The

effect

will

not

be

audible

unless

breath

is

applied

to

the

controller.

Controls

the

effects

according

force

Е

of

breath

applied

to

mouthpiece

~

Breath

controller

(BC1)

e

EDIT

RECALL

/

VOICE

INIT

Pressing

this

key

alternately

switches

to

EDIT

RECALL

and

VOICE

INIT.

EDIT

RECALL

/

МОСЕ

INIT

EDIT

RECALL:

This

function

makes

it

possible

to

recall

a

voice

that

was

previously

being

edited

or

created.

If,

for

example,

the

PLAY

mode

is

accidentally

or

pur-

posely

entered

while

editing,

the

voice

that

was

being

edited

can

be

recalled

with

this

function.

If

the

key

is

pressed,

the

display

shows

"EDIT

RECALL?'.

Pressing

the

DATA

ENTRY

key

then

causes

the

"АНЕ

YOU

SURE?”

display.

Verify

by

pressing

the

key

again,

and

the

voice

previously

being

edited

will

be

restored.

«8»

VOICE

INIT

(Voice

Initialize):

This

function

sets

up

the

basic

voice

data

for

creating

new

voices.

Press

the[VOICE

INIT]key

and

the

display

panel

will

read

“VOICE

INIT?"

Press

the

key

and

the

ОХ9

will

respond

with

"ARE

YOU

SURE?"

Verify

by

pressing

the

key

second

time.

This

sets

up

the

basic

voice

data

and

activates

the

DX9

EDIT

mode.

e

BATTERY

CHECK

A

backup

battery

power

supply

is

built

into

the

DX9

so

that

voice

data

will

be

maintained

even

when

power

to

the

instrument

is

off.

The

state

of

the

backup

system

can

be

checked

by

pressing

the

key.

The

operational

battery voltage

range

is

from

2.2

volts

to

3.3

volts.

If

the

backup

battery

voltage

drops

below

2.2

volts,

replacement

of

the

backup

system

is

necessary.

The

backup

system

consists

of

special

batteries

which

can

be

replaced

only

by

a

Yamaha

dealer.

Contact

your

nearest

Yamaha

dealer

when

replacement

becomes

necessary.

@

MEMORY

PROTECT

MEMORY

PROTECT

The

0Х9%

internal

MEMORY

PROTECTION

function

will

prevent

any

accidental

erasure

of

the

internal

voice

data.

You

will

first

have

to

turn

the

MEMORY

PROTECT

OFF

in

order

to

STORE

or

LOAD

the

voice

data.

Also,

do

not

forget

to

turn

the

MEMORY

PROTECT

function

back

ON

after

storing

or

loading

operation.

(Please

refer

to

page

17)

FM

ТОМЕ

GENERATION

FM

Tone

Generation.

.

.

.

Understanding

the

Basics

The

DX9

is

an

entirely

new

type

of

synthesizer

employing

an

entirely

new

FM

digital

tone

generation

system.

This

unique

Yamaha

system

permits

finer

control

over

subtle

musical

nuances

and

vastly

expanded

voice

creation

poten-

tial

compared

to

conventional

synthesizers.

1.

The

Meaning

of

FM

FM

stands

for

Frequency

Modulation.

FM

radio

broadcasts

use

the

same

principle.

One

signal—the

modulator—modu-

lates

a

second

signal—the

carrier.

In

FM

radio

the

carrier

is

an

extremely

high

“ratio”

fre-

quency

and

the

modulator

is

the

music

signal

to

be

braod-

cast.

In

effect,

the

carrier

"carries"

the

modulator

signal

through

the

atmosphere

to

your

receiving

antenna.

FM

broadcasting

Carrier

wave

(signal

to

be

modulated).

Sound

signa!

(modulator

signal)

Extremely

high

carrier/

FM

signal

(modulated

signal)

modulator

frequency

ratio.

The

"density"

of

the

transmitted

carrier

waveform

varies

accord-

ing

to

the

modulating

signal.

Sue

rp

Loose

wave

Dense

wave

The

FM

tone

generator

system

is

similar

in

principle,

but

in

this

case

both

the

carrier

and

modulator

are

audible

signals,

and

their

frequencies

can

be

almost

equal.

FM

tone

generation

(sound

to

be

modulated)

Modulator

(modulator

signal)

FM

sound

(modulated

sound)

Close

carrier/modulator

frequency

ratio

resuits

in

FM

sound.

«9»

2.

FM

Tone

Generation

In

the

DX9

In

the

DX9,

the

carrier

signal

determines

the

pitch

of

the

note

produced

and

modulator

determines

the

shape

of

the

waveform

produced

and

therefore

its

tirnbre.

This

explana-

tion

may

make

it

look

like

the

carrier

and

modulator

are

two

entirely

separate

things.

іп

fact,

they

are

one

and

the

same.

A

special

oscillator

unit

called

an

“operator”

can

be

used

as

either

a

carrier

or

modulator

in

the

DX9.

Operator

Pitch

frequency

data

Output

Modulation

data

The

frequency

data

and

modulation

data

аге

combined

here

Envelope

data

1}

Pitch

Frequency

Data

Pitch

frequency

data

from

the

DX9's

microcomputer

sys-

tem

determines

the

operator's

oscillation

frequency.

When

the

operator

is

used

as

a

carrier,

this

frequency

is

equivalent

to

the

pitch

of

the

note

produced.

When

the

operator

is

being

used

as

a

modulator,

the

ratio

of

its

frequency

to

that

of

the

carrier

determines

the

timbre

of

the

note

produced.

2)

Modulation

Data

This

is

the

modulation

data

received

from

the

previous

operator's

(modulator)

output.

3)

Envelope

Data

When

the

operator

is

used

as

a

carrier

the

envelope

data

de-

termines

the

volume

envelope

of

the

note

produced.

When

the

operator

is

used

as

a

modulator

the

envelope

data

de-

termines

the

timbre

envelope

of

the

note

produced.

For

example,

the

pitch

frequency

data

applied

to

an

oper-

ator

used

as

a

carrier

determines

the

frequency

of

the

sine

wave

output

from

the

operator.

inputting

envelope

data

results

in

an

output

waveform

similar

to

that

shown

in

the

figure.

TUN

ЛАЛА,

Sine

wave

Numerical

value

/

\

Envelope

data