Yamaha PortaTone PSR-41 User manual

Congratulations!
Thank you for purchasing а Yamaha PortaTone PSR-41. This
PortaTone is an ultra-modern keyboard with a design based on the
| latest digital electronics technology
| To be sure you get maximum satisfaction, we suggest you follow the
| steps in this manual carefully while actually playing the instrument
YAMAHA
PORTATONE
Owner’s Guide
Contents
Before playing 1
1. Nomenclature — zx -
2. Starting to Play (Orchestra Section) 2
3. Voice Editing ........ = . . 4
4. Using the Built-in Drummer (PCM/Stereo Rhythm Section) 5
5. Creating Original Rhythm Patterns (Custom Drummer A
6. Adding Accompaniment (Auto Bass Chord Section) 8
7. 2-Track Recording System (Music Programmer) " : 11
8. External Jacks т 3
9. Optional Accessories 4
10. About MID 5
11
Taking Care of Your PortaTone : » á : : v" ... 16
12. Specifications 17
YAMAHA

Before playing
Inserting Batteries Optional power adaptors
Remove the battery compartment cover on the bottom of the instrument and Household current: Power Adaptor PA-4/PA-40 is available for household
insert six 1.5V SUM-1, "D" size, R-20, or equivalent a/kaline batteries (sold current. No other adaptor is usable, so when you purchase a power adaptor
separately), making sure that the polarities are placed as directed inside please ensure that it is model PA-4/PA-40.
the compartment. Replace the cover, ensuring that it locks securely in place. Car Battery: Car Battery Adaptor CA-1 plugs into a car cigarette lighter socket.
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Nomenclature
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|
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|
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@) Power Switch (9) Rhythm Variation Selector (3 Intro./Ending Button Q9 Melody Record Button
(2) Master Volume Control (9 Custom Drummer Function Selectors (8 Keyboard Percussion Button Q6 Melody Play Button
(3) Auto Bass Chord Volume Control (i) Custom Drummer Key Section 19 Duet On/Off Switch @) Chord Record Button
(4) Bass & Chord Variation Selectors (2 Tempo Controls $9 Sustain Selector @8) Chord Play Button
(5) Bass & Chord Voice Selectors (3 Rhythm Selectors @) Orchestra Bank Selector 09 MIDI Button
(6) Auto Bass Chord Mode Selector (9 Fill-in Button $9 Orchestra Voice Selectors Q9 Pitch Controls
(7) Auto Bass Chord Key Section (9 Synchro Start and Start Buttons $3 Digital Synthesizer Selector 7) Transposer
(8) Rhythm Volume Control (9 Stop Button @) Voice Data Controllers

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Starting to play
Orchestra section
First, try the sounds in the Orchestra
section, which is a fundamental part of
this keyboard.
BLUESSNT+
OES NTH
тузт. ORGAN
JAZZ ORGAN
PIPE ORGAN 1 MUSIC BOX
PIPE ORGAN 2 vIBES
Fantasy KOTO
COSMIC BELLS
1. Switch on Fowen
Slide the POWER switch (1) to the “ON”
position. The Power-on light will then
illuminate.
2. Adjust the volume pond
Slide the MASTER VOLUME control (2)
about three-quarters of the way towards
Max. to set the volume level.
3. Choose an instrument voice
First set the Orchestra Bank selector @) for the desired bank of voices
(Orchestra Bank selector in upper position to select upper row of voices
labeled in silver above the voice selectors, lower position to select lower row
of voices labeled in yellow.) Then press the Orchestra Voice selector @2 for
the desired voice in the selected bank.
* When you turn the keyboard ON, the BRASS 1 voice will automaticaily
be selected if the Orchestra Bank selector @i) is set to the upper position,
and the BRASS 2 voice will be selected if the Orchestra Bank selector is
set to the lower position.
Notes:
1. Vibrato is automatically applied to voices which benefit from application of this effect.
2. Be sure to set the Auto Bass Chord MODE selector (6) to the OFF position. When the selector
is set to the SINGLE FINGER or FINGERED position, the keys in the Auto Bass Chord key
section @ cannot be used for melody playing.

4. Try other voices
Make your selection from among the voices in the ORCHESTRA section G2.
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Note:
The maximum number of notes that can be played simultaneously (normally twelve) will be reduced
when the Auto Bass Chord, Duet and Digital Synthesizer are used. The minimum number of
simultaneous notes is two.
Slide the SUSTAIN selector @ to its “1” n
or "2" setting, and notes will be sustain-
ed after you lift your fingers from the
keys. SUSTAIN 1 produces a short
sustain, SUSTAIN 2 produces a longer
sustain.
е Transposer
The Transposer 6) lets you adjust the
PortaTone's pitch to suit either a sing-
ing voice—so anyone can sing along
as you play—or an instrument such Хандан
as a B^ trumpet, clarinet, or E^ saxo-
phone. When A is pressed, the
pitch rises by a semitone. When Y is
pressed, the pitch decreases by a
semi-tone. When both selectors are
pressed simultaneously, the normal
pitch is obtained.
* Pitch control
The Pitch controls @ differ from the
Transposer in that their function is to
fine-tune the keyboard. This allows
you to tune the PSR-41 to match other
instruments such as a guitar. Each
time A is pressed, the pitch increases
very slightly, up to a maximum of
50 cents (above the preset level).
Whenever V is pressed, the pitch
drops very slightly, also to a maximum
of 50 cents.
Notes:
7. If you hold down one of the PITCH or
TRANSPOSER controls, the pitch will change
continuously.
2. If you press both of the PITCH or TRANSPOSER
controls together, the pitch will return to the
preset level (Аз = 440Hz).
5. Adding sustain p |
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Voice Editing
DIGITAL SYNTHESIZER
As one of the PSR-41’s special features,
the Digital Synthesizer function allows
you to expand the 32 orchestra voices
to total of 100,000 different voices.
OIGITAL SYNTHESIZER
SPESTRUM BALANCE ENVELOPE VIBRATC OETUNE
$
Let's create various voices using DIGITAL SYNTHESIZER.
1. Select the desired voice by pressing one of the 32 Orchestra Voice
selectors Q3.
. Set the Digital Synthesizer selector @ to ON.
. Adjust the volume using the Master Volume control (2).
. Set each Voice Data controller (SPECTRUM, BRILLIANCE, ENVELOPE,
VIBRATO and DETUNE) 69 to the position which results in the desired sound.
PON
SPECTRUM
This controls the timbre or tone color-of the voice.
BRILLIANCE
This determines how brilliant or mellow the voice is.
ENVELOPE
Controls the attack of the notes (whether the notes begin sharply or smoothly).
VIBRATO
This controls the vibrato effect.
DETUNE
Increasing the DETUNE setting produces a “thicker” multi-instrument type
sound.
5.
Now,
let's
play
some
notes.
By
comparing
the
same
voice
in
both
the
ON
and
OFF
settings
of the
Digital
Synthesizer
Selector
@,
you
can
distinguish
the
difference
in
timbre.
* The degree to which a voice changes varies with the selected voice.

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Using the built-in drummer
PCM/Stereo rhythm section
Now it’s time to add a dynamic rhythm accompaniment to your melody.
1. Choose a rhythm eee nene
Pick the rhythm that best suits the music i176
you're going to play and press the aps
corresponding Rhythm selector (3. =a
€ When you turn the keyboard ON, ER. РЕ
the DISCO rhythm is automatically кос яси. зрив
selected. mE —з
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LJ. Sa
БЕРТ. watches
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2. Start the rhythm
After selecting a rhythm, press the START selector (19.
* Synchro Start
Use the SYNCHRO START button ( if you want the rhythm to begin from
the moment you first press a key. Any of the 19 keys (up to F*,) beginning
al tne lent of the keyboard (Auto Bass Chord key section (2) will activate
the rhythm.
* Intro./Ending
Instead of using START, you can have the rhythm begin by using the
INTRO./ENDING button @7. When this selector is pressed, the rhythm
will start after a two-bar intro-phrase.
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3. Adjustments
* Volume
The Rhythm VOLUME control ана а
lets you adjust the rhythm volume in
relation to the melody volume.
* Tempo ve
Use the TEMPO controls (2 to adjust =
the speed of the rhythm. =
* Variation E ©
The Rhythm VARIATION selector @ >
gives a choice of five patterns for Lt
each rhythm.
4. Making use of the Tempo Light
The Tempo Light functions as a visual metronome, making it simple for you
to confirm the rhythm tempo. It flashes indicating tempo when the rhythm
is running and also when the SYNCHRO START button (9 has been pressed
but you have not yet started the rhythm by pressing a key.
5. Adding fill-ins
If you tap the FILL-IN button (2, the ENDS
rhythm being played will be replaced
with a 1-bar drum solo.
€ if you press the FILL-IN button
before starting to play, the rhythm will
start after a 1-bar drum solo.
6. Using the INTRO./ENDING button for your musical finale
If you press the INTRO./ENDING button @ when the rhythm is on, the rhythm
will stop automatically after playing а two-bar ending phrase. If you wish
to stop the rhythm immediately, press the STOP button 11.
Keyboard Percussion
Press the KEYBOARD PERCUSSION
button (à, and you can enjoy playing
like a drummer by tapping the Custom
Drummer keys (17) with your fingers.
Twenty-five PCM digital percussion
sounds are assigned to the keys. The
different kinds of percussion instrument
sounds are indicated by symbols next
to the relevant keys. (When the Keyboard
Percussion feature is engaged, the
Tempo Light will come on). If you turn
KEYBOARD PERCUSSION ON while a
rhythm pattern is playing, the rhythm
pattern will stop (leaving bass and/or
chord backing when using the Auto Bass
Chord function described in item 7) so
you can play your own rhythm on the
Custom Drummer keys. Press the
KEYBOARD PERCUSSION button (8) a
second time to exit the Keyboard
percussion mode.
KEYBOARD PERCUSSION
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Creating original rhythm patterns
Custom Drummer
The PSR-41 has 80 preset rhythm patterns (including variations). Apart from
the preset patterns, you can also create original ones of your own using
Custom Drummer 10. \
Programming a rhythm pattern
Create your own version of the 8 Beat custom
rhythm. E
1. First of all, choose a basic rhythm
pattern from among the preset
rhythms. As an example, select POPS.
2. Press the PROGRAM selector. You
are now ready to input.

Try writing the following rhythm patterns:
BASS DRUM 4»4— DO ww? Qe |
SNARE DRUM g J tlo J» fie,
CLOSED HI-HAT ВЕНЕ,
ОРЕМ HI-HAT = UT 44
ACCENT Б м$: Е Е ЗШЕ Е CD >
3. Press the CLEAR selector and the BRUMMER
preset POPS is cancelled, leaving
only the sound of the beat count.
4. Input the bass drum pattern by tapping the key indicated by the 9 figure.
5. The same procedure is required for inputting snare drum, closed hi-hat,
and open hi-hat. You can add an accent (slightly higher volume level) to
the timing you want by tapping the > key (В.).
6. If you make an error, cancel it by pressing the relevant percussion key
together with the CANCEL key (C;). The input that percussion instrument
again.
CANCEL Key
7. When your original pattern is completed, press the STOP button (6 or
PROGRAM button again.
* In procedure 3, if you do not want to erase all of the percussion sounds,
you can use the CANCEL key (C,) and individual percussion keys to
Selectively erase.
8. Now, playback what you have programmed by pressing the PLAY selector.
Try other rhythm patterns as shown below:
MARCHING DRUM (set to MARCH/POLKA)
SNARE DRUM ГЭД 2,7 FRO
OPEN HI-HAT == = = fe hy
Notes:
1. When you play back a customized rhythm, the Auto Bass Chord feature can be used in the
same way as with a preset rhythm.
2. The total number of percussion voices that can be used for one pattern amounts to 8.
3. When the power is OFF, the data that you input will be erased automatically.
6 aC ms SEMEN
Adding accompaniment
AUTO BASS CHORD
Auto Bass Chord section MP ы coi
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music e STRINGS =
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The Auto Bass Chord section is an automatic accompaniment feature.
it the MODE selector © is set to OFF, the Auto Bass Chord system does not
unction.
With the SINGLE FINGER position selected, you can play chords plus bass
notes with just one finger when you press any of the keys in the Auto Bass
Chord key section (2).
The FINGERED position is suitable for you if you already know how to play
chords since it lets you play your own chords and still get the bass
accompaniment.
For one-fingered accompaniment
1. Slide the selector to the SINGLE FINGER position.
2. Select a rhythm
Choose the rhythm you want then press the SYNCHRO START or START
button @®. (Don't forget to do this whenever you use the Auto Bass Chord
feature).
3. Press a key
Press one of the 19 keys in the Auto Bass Chord key section (7) on the left
side of the keyboard.
C|D|EÍIFIGIA|B|C|D| E|F
с! E
Auto Bass Chord key section

You will hear the corresponding chord with bass and rhythm accompaniment.
For instance, when you press “С,” you'll obtain a C major chord that plays
along with the bass and rhythm.
C G F
| | i | !
4. Set the volume
Adjust the volume to suit the overall
level using the Auto Bass Chord
VOLUME control (3).
5. Set the tempo
Set the tempo you want using the
TEMPO controls (2 in the Rhythm
section.
6. Select a variation combination
Using the BASS and CHORD
VARIATION selectors (2), choose the
bass and chord pattern combination
most suitable for the kind of music
you want to play.
e Moving the CHORD VARIATION selector to position No. 8 cancels the
chord accompaniment, leaving only the bass line and percussion. You
can then play your own chords in the normal way.
111}
7. Select the bass and chord voices
Enjoy selecting different bass and chord voices using the BASS and
CHORD VOICE selectors ©) to suit the music.
8. To stop the Auto Bass Chord accompaniment
Press the STOP button in the Rhythm section.
Obtaining minor, seventh, and minor seventh chords
in Single Finger mode.
* To get e minor chord depress the C key together with the next black key
to the left.
© To get a C seventh chord depress the C key together with the next white key
to the left.
* To get a C minor seventh chord, simply press the C key together with the
black key and white key to the left.
Cm C, Cm,
(
For automatic accompaniment based on three-note or four-note chords
1. Slide the selector to the FINGERED position.
2. When a combination of keys located in the Auto Bass Chord key section (7)
is pressed, the resulting chord will be played together with the automatic
accompaniment consisting of the bass line and the selected rhythm.
———AUTO BASS CHORD —á4 . | —— AUTO BASS CHORD —, m AUTO BASS CHORD ——
A MEI ТЇШ
C chord G chord F chord
Note:
The chord accompaniment selected by chord variation selectors 6 and 7 include arpeggio patterns.
The arpeggio patterns are only produced, however, when major, minor, dominant seventh or minor
seventh chords are played.
* Adding harmony to the melody (DUET)
This function works together with
the SINGLE FINGER or FINGERED г
feature in the Auto Bass Chord ВМ
section. Slide the DUET on/off switch
to ON, and a harmonizing note
(taken from your left hand chord) will
be added to each melody note you play.
Advanced course 1:
Manual Bass accompaniment
1. Slide the MODE selector © to the MANUAL BASS position.
2. Play your own bass line using the keys in the Auto Bass Chord key section (7).
Note:
You can play only one note at a time in the Auto Bass Chord key section when using this function.
Advanced course 2:
Keyboard split
If you set the Auto Bass Chord MODE selector (6) to the KEYBOARD SPLIT
position, the auto accompaniment will be cancelled, enabling you to play the
19 keys in the Auto Bass Chord key section using any of the CHORD voices.
This means that you can play with different voices for your left and right hands.
Choose the left-hand voice by means of the CHORD VOICE selector (5).
Note:
You can play up to four notes at the same time in the Auto Bass Chord key section when using
this function.

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2-track Recording System
MUSIC PROGRAMMER
E MELODY
RECORD лт
са снов
RECORD Ри"
Миѕіс Ргодгаттег
About the Music Programmer
With this feature you can have the keyboard store the chords and melody
that you play in its memory. Then you can have them played back in any
tempo you like. The main advantages are:
1. After storing the chord progression and rhythm pattern in the memory,
you can have them played back automatically to accompany you while you
concentrate on practicing your melody performances or improvisations.
2. Besides having the above benefit, the PSR-41 lets you store a melody line
independently as in a 2-track recording studio. The two tracks can then
be played back together, making possible a truly professional sound.
€ Memorized data is automatically cleared and replaced by new data when
music is played with the Record mode selected.
e The following data are not memorized: Volume, Tempo, Transposer,
Pitch, MIDI Mode, Custom Drummer, Keyboard Percussion and Expression
Pedal.
Note:
When the power is OFF, the data that you input will be erased automatically.
This owner's guide shows how to use the memory system using “Greensleeves”
as an example.
Step 1
Chord Programming
A. Chord recording
1. Depress the CHORD RECORD button
@ in the Music Programmer section. RUE par
2. Try storing the accompaniment for “Greensleeves”. First, select WALTZ in
the Rhythm section, and then play the following chord sequence together
with the rhythm: (using the Auto Bass Chord key section (7)
Am — D — G — Em — Am — E; — Am — Am
D G Em E
Am
Single
Finger 4
Н О
Chord
i Fingered
|
|
|
| Chord Н
imm ии ш
Note:
The accompaniment can be played using either the Single Finger or Fingered mode of the Auto Bass
Chord section. However, the Single Finger mode is automatically engaged when you press the
CHORD RECORD button @ except when using the Fingered mode beforehand (see page 9 for
instructions on Single Finger and for Fingered).
3. When all of the chords have been programmed, press the STOP button
or CHORD RECORD button @) again. The accompaniment has now been
stored in the memory.
B. Chord playback
The memorized accompaniment can be
played back, unless you cancel the
memory contents by inputting a different
chord sequence. mST р
1. Press the CHORD PLAY button @. кез кч
MUSIC PROGRAMMER
сос
ЭПР) р
2. То start playback, press the START
botton @ or any key on the keyboard.
Costar
3. Try playing the melody of “Greensleeves” to the accompaniment playback
(see below).
4. Playback can be stopped at any time by pressing the STOP button 11.
Step 2
Programming of melody
A. Melody recording Music PROGRAMMER
With the accompaniment of “Огееп- само,
sleeves" stored in the memory, you сап Е
now record the melody.
1. Press the MELODY RECORD button О. pay
Q5 келел
. If you want to listen to the stored
accompaniment while you play the
melody, also press the CHORD PLAY
button @.
2. Select the voice you want using the Orchestra voice selectors. As an
example, select the FLUTE voice.
3. Play the melody.
Since recording begins as soon as the melody is started, you are free to
commence playing when the timing feels right for you.
Melody
ааа
Argi
НЫ
Н
4. When you have finished playing the melody, Press the STOP button 48 or
MELODY RECORD button @) again.
Note:
When the Music Programmer is used, the Orchestra becomes four-note polyphonic at maximum.
However if you use DUET or the DIGITAL SYNTHESIZER, the number of notes audible at one
ime decreases.

42
B. Music playback
MUSIC PROGRAMMER
Now you can simultaneously play back mue
the memorized accompaniment and oe аан
melody for “Greensleeves”.
1. Press the MELODY PLAY button зе
and CHORD PLAY button @. ER, Сз а
2. Tap the START button @®, any key on
the keyboard or the INTRO./ENDING
button @ to start playback. The
music you can hear would have been
impossible without the aid of the
Music Programmer.
START
Notes:
1. The voices and rhythm can be changed if desired. However, it is not recommended to change
from the Waltz rhythm which has a 3/4 measure to a rhythm with a 4/4 measure.
2. Playback can be stopped at any time by pressing the STOP button ®©.
Capacity of Music Programmer
ө About 100 chord changes and 240 melody notes can be recorded.
* If complicated chords are recorded by using Fingered Chord, the chord
recording capacity will be reduced.
ө If the number of chords or melody notes exceeds the memory capacity,
recording will stop automatically.
External jacks
Several jacks are provided at the back of
the keyboard for connecting a variety of
optional accessories. There is also a
—$9—-
headphone jack at the front. 5
R +
EXP. PEDAL AUX. Ойт ОС (9-12V) IN
A. External power source jack (DC 9-12V IN)
* AC power
Connect the optional AC Power Adaptor PA-4/PA-40 to the DC 9-12V IN jack.
* Car battery
The Car Battery Adaptor CA-1 plugs into the DC 9-12V IN jack and a
cigarette lighter socket.
B. Aux Out jacks (L & R)
You can channel sound through your stereo system using these jacks.
Use the optional connecting cord PSC-3.
* Impedance: 6000
e Output level: —7+3dBm (7 notes sounding simultaneously at maximum
volume with Jazz Organ voice)
Note:
These jacks were designed to accommodate the most commonly used impedances. Significant
deviation from these specifications will result in inadequate drive, distortion, noise, and poor
performance in general.
C. Expression pedal jack
The EXP.PEDAL jack is for connecting the Expression Pedal EP-1, which
lets you control the overall volume level using your foot.
D. Headphone Jack (Below left end of keyboard.)
Connect a set of headphones to this jack and you can practice without
disturbing others.
чоюш ол
E. MIDI Jacks (IN & OUT)
Refer to page 15 for details concerning MIDI.
n ()
Optional accessories
* AC Power Adaptor (PA-4/PA-40)
Transforms AC voltage to DC voltage.
* Car Battery Adaptor (CA-1)
Enables you to provide power to the instrument from a car battery using
the cigarette lighter socket.
€ Soft Carrying Case (SCC-12)
For convenient transportation.
* Headphones (HPE-3/5)
Specially designed lightweight dynamic headphones with extra-soft ear pads.
* Connecting Cable (PSC-3)
For connecting the keyboard to a stereo hi-fi system or cassette tape deck.
* Keyboard Stand (L-2/4)
* Expression Pedal (EP-1)
Lets you add more feeling to music by enabling subtle control of the
overall volume level.
е Bench (BC-6)
Some optional accessories may not be available in every region.
4

15
About MIDI
MIDI is an acronym standing for Musical Instrument Digital Interface,
which is a standard interface for communication between keyboards and
other music devices.
The PortaTone PSR-41 is equipped with MIDI jacks (IN and OUT), enabling
connection of the PortaTone to another keyboard equipped with MIDI jacks or
an expander module, for synchronized performances.
(Example)
l MIDI OUT Y MIDI IN
PSR-41 Another keyboard equipped with MIDI jacks
* When the power is turned on, the mode is: LOCAL ON, OMNI ON, POLY.
* Data to be sent/received in normal mode
e Key ON/OFF
• Orchestra voice change
e Orchestra sustain
* MIDI Functions
The PSR-41 is equipped with 6 MIDI functions. These functions are selected
by pressing the Orchestra Voice Selector shown in the table below while
pressing the MIDI button Q3.
Table of MIDI Functions
To select MIDI functions, press the appropriate Orchestra. Voice selector
(as shown below) while holding the MIDI button.
кк
Se
2
тҗ
:
Send CH Select [| :
SAX i SLAPSYNTH
HORN і FUNKSYNTH
Receive CH Select
|
WAH BRASS PERCUS 1
Li
Split Send Mode
Program Change [ OFF )
Clock Select
MIDI ыт ro эт э Nm BE Em 9 RS |x| zz zo 3
35 $ 8
eo 12125 S 5 se [чс E ө
zx $ $
= 8
Local ON/OFF
PIPE ORGAN 1 MUSIC BOX
Е АМ 2 VIBES
І |
FANTASY кото
o fey a = ©
|
т т = o
1&2. Selecting MIDI Channels
While holding the MIDI button @, press BRASS 1/BRASS 2 (send channel) or
SAXIHORN (receive channel) and then press one of the black or white keys on
the left of the keyboard to designate the channel (CH1 through CH16 from left).
сн CH сн CM CM CH CH
2 4 7 9 т 1 16
Er key from the left
Note:
The OMNI ON Mode is selected by pressing the 17th key from the left while pressing the MIDI button G3.
3. Split Send Mode
When this mode is selected, only the Key On data for keys to the left of the
split point (w) is sent on the designated channel (fixed at CH2) when SINGLE
FINGER, FINGERED, MANUAL BASS, or KEYBOARD SPLIT mode is selected.
4. Program Change Off
This is used to cancel the sending and reception of voice select and rhythm
select information (program changes) from an external device.
5. MIDI Clock Select
This is used for synchronization with the timing clock of an external device.
6. Local Off
This is used to cancel the melody sounds of the PSR-41. (Rhythm and Auto
Bass Chord cannot be turned off. The Rhythm and Auto Bass Chord sounds
can be eliminated by setting their volumes to MIN.)
Taking care of your PortaTone
Your PortaTone will remain in excellent playing condition if care is taken
concerning the following.
1. When you use AC power, be sure to use the optional AC Power PA-4/
PA-40 adaptor. Before use, read the adaptor instructions carefully.
In particular, please note that in some cases the PA-4/PA-40 is provided
with a voltage selector, so confirm that this selector is correctly set.
2. The optional car battery adaptor CA-1 is only for use with a negative ground
12V battery. Ensure that this is the case before connecting the adaptor.
3. Connections made between the PortaTone and any other device should
be made with both units turned off.
4. Do not set the MASTER VOLUME at MAX when you connect the
PortaTone to a stereo system. Use the stereo system's volume control
to adjust the sound level.