ZyXEL Communications P-660H-TX Manual

P-660H-Tx v2 Series
ADSL2+ 4-port Gateway
Support Notes
Version3.40
Feb. 2007

P-660H-Tx v2 Support Notes
FAQ.................................................................................................................4
ZyNOS FAQ.................................................................................................4
1. What is ZyNOS?...................................................................................4
2. What’s Multilingual Embedded Web Configurator?...............................4
3. How do I access the P-660H-Tx v2 Command Line Interface (CLI)? ...4
4. How do I update the firmware and configuration file?...........................4
5. How do I upgrade/backup the ZyNOS firmware by using TFTP client
program via LAN?.....................................................................................4
6. How do I restore P-660H-Tx v2 configurations by using TFTP client
program via LAN?.....................................................................................5
7. What should I do if I forget the system password? ...............................5
8. How to use the Reset button?...............................................................5
9. What is SUA? When should I use SUA? ..............................................5
10. What is the difference between SUA and Full Feature NAT?.............6
11. Is it possible to access a server running behind SUA from the outside
Internet? How can I do it?.........................................................................6
12. When do I need select Full Feature NAT?..........................................7
13. What IP/Port mapping does Multi-NAT support?................................7
14. How many network users can the SUA/NAT support? .......................8
15. What are Device filters and Protocol filters?.......................................8
16. How can I protect against IP spoofing attacks?..................................8
Product FAQ.............................................................................................10
1. How can I manage P-660H-Tx v2?.....................................................10
2. What is the default password for Web Configurator?..........................10
3. What’s the difference between ‘Common User Account’ and
‘Administrator Account’?.........................................................................10
4. How do I know the P-660H-Tx v2's WAN IP address assigned by the
ISP?........................................................................................................11
5. What is the micro filter or splitter used for?.........................................11
6. The P-660H-Tx v2 supports Bridge and Router mode, what's the
difference between them? ......................................................................11
7. How do I know I am using PPPoE?....................................................11
8. Why does my provider use PPPoE?...................................................11
9. What is DDNS?...................................................................................12
10. When do I need DDNS service?.......................................................12
11. What is DDNS wildcard? Does the P-660H-Tx v2 support DDNS
wildcard? ................................................................................................12
12. Can the P-660H-Tx v2's SUA handle IPSec packets sent by the IPSec
gateway? ................................................................................................12
13. How do I setup my P-660H-Tx v2 for routing IPSec packets over SUA?
................................................................................................................13
14. What is Traffic Shaping?...................................................................13
15. Why do we perform traffic shaping in the P-660H-Tx v2?.................14
16. What do the parameters (PCR, SCR, MBS) mean?.........................14
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P-660H-Tx v2 Support Notes
17. What do the ATM QoS Types (CBR, UBR, VBR-nRT, VBR-RT) mean?
................................................................................................................14
18. What is content filter?.......................................................................15
ADSL FAQ.................................................................................................16
1. How does ADSL compare to Cable modems?....................................16
2. What is the expected throughput?......................................................16
3. What is the microfilter used for? .........................................................16
4. How do I know the ADSL line is up?...................................................17
5. How does the P-660H-Tx v2 work on a noisy ADSL?.........................17
6. Does the VC-based multiplexing perform better than the LLC-based
multiplexing?...........................................................................................17
7. How do I know the details of my ADSL line statistics?........................17
8. What are the signaling pins of the ADSL connector?..........................18
9. What is triple play? .............................................................................17
Firewall FAQ .............................................................................................19
General...................................................................................................19
1. What is a network firewall?...................................................19
2. What makes P-660H-Tx v2 secure?.....................................19
3. What are the basic types of firewalls?..................................19
4. What kind of firewall is the P-660H-Tx v2?...........................20
5. Why do you need a firewall when your router has packet
filtering and NAT built-in?.........................................................20
6. What is Denials of Service (DoS) attack?.............................20
7. What is Ping of Death attack?..............................................21
8. What is Teardrop attack? .....................................................21
9. What is SYN Flood attack?...................................................21
10. What is LAND attack? ........................................................21
11 What is Brute-force attack? .................................................22
12. What is IP Spoofing attack? ...............................................22
13. What are the default ACL firewall rules in P-660H-Tx v2?..22
Configuration ..........................................................................................22
1. How do I configure the firewall? ...........................................22
2. How do I prevent others from configuring my firewall?.........22
3. Why can't I configure my P-660H-Tx v2 using Web
Configurator/Telnet over WAN? ...............................................23
4. Why can't I upload the firmware and configuration file using
FTP over WAN? .......................................................................24
Log and Alert ..........................................................................................25
1. When does the P-660H-Tx v2 generate the firewall log? .....25
2. What does the log show to us? ............................................25
3. How do I view the firewall log? .............................................25
4. When does the P-660H-Tx v2 generate the firewall alert?...26
5. What is the difference between the log and alert?................26
Application Notes.....................................................................................27
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P-660H-Tx v2 Support Notes
General Application Notes...................................................................27
1. Internet Access Using P-660H-Tx v2 under Bridge mode ....27
2. Internet Access Using P-660H-Tx v2 under Routing mode ..29
3. Setup the P-660H-Tx v2 as a DHCP Relay..........................31
4. SUA Notes............................................................................32
5. Using Full Feature NAT........................................................41
6. Using the Dynamic DNS (DDNS) .........................................53
7. Network Management Using SNMP.....................................55
8. Using syslog.........................................................................58
9. Using IP Alias.......................................................................58
10. Using IP Policy Routing......................................................60
11. Using Call Scheduling ........................................................64
12. Using IP Multicast...............................................................66
13. Using Bandwidth Management...........................................67
14. Using Zero-Configuration ...................................................70
15. How could I configure triple play on P-660H-Tx v2?...........73
16. How to configure packet filter on P-660H-Tx v2? ...............73
Support Tool.............................................................................................77
1. LAN/WAN Packet Trace .....................................................................77
Online Trace .........................................................................77
Offline Trace .........................................................................79
Capture the detailed logs by Hyper Terminal ........................80
2. Firmware/Configurations Uploading and Downloading using TFTP....82
•Using TFTP client software.....................................................82
•Using TFTP command on Windows NT..................................84
•Using TFTP command on UNIX .............................................84
3. Using FTP to Upload the Firmware and Configuration Files...............85
CI Command Reference...........................................................................88
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P-660H-Tx v2 Support Notes
FAQ
ZyNOS FAQ
1. What is ZyNOS?
ZyNOS is ZyXEL's proprietary Network Operating System. It is the platform on
all Prestige routers that delivers network services and applications. It is
designed in a modular fashion so it is easy for developers to add new features.
New ZyNOS software upgrades can be easily downloaded from our FTP sites
as they become available.
2. What’s Multilingual Embedded Web Configurator?
Multilinggual Embedded Web Configurator means that it can display with 3
kinds of languanges: English, French, and German. By factory default it
displays with English, and you can change it in Web GUI.
3. How do I access the P-660H-Tx v2 Command Line Interface (CLI)?
The Command Line Interface is for the Administrator use only, and it could be
accessed via telnet session.
Note: It is protected by super password, ‘1234’ by factory default.
4. How do I update the firmware and configuration file?
You can do this if you access the P-660H-Tx v2 as Administrator. You can
upload the firmware and configuration file to Prestige from Web Condigurator,
or using FTP or TFTP client software. You CAN NOT upload the firmware and
configuration file via Telnet because the Telnet connection will be dropped
during uploading the firmware. Please do not power off the router right after the
FTP or TFTP uploading is finished, the router will upload the firmware to its
flash at this moment.
Note: There may be firmware that could not be upgraded from Web
Configurator. In this case, ZyXEL will prepare special Upload Software
for you. Please read the firmware release note carefully when you want to
upload a new fireware.
5. How do I upgrade/backup the ZyNOS firmware by using TFTP client
program via LAN?
The P-660H-Tx v2 allows you to transfer the firmware to P-660H-Tx v2 using
TFTP program via LAN. The procedure for uploading ZyNOS via TFTP is as
follows.
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P-660H-Tx v2 Support Notes
a. Use the TELNET client program in your PC to login to your P-660H-Tx
v2.
b. Enter CI command 'sys stdio 0' to disable Stdio idle timeout
c. To upgrade firmware, use TFTP client program to put firmware in file
'ras' in the Prestige. After data transfer is finished, the P-660H-Tx v2
will program the upgraded firmware into FLASH ROM and reboot itself.
d. To backup your firmware, use the TFTP client program to get file 'ras'
from the Prestige.
6. How do I restore P-660H-Tx v2 configurations by using TFTP client
program via LAN?
a. Use the TELNET client program in your PC to login to your P-660H-Tx
v2.
b. Enter CI command 'sys stdio 0' disable Stdio idle timeout
c. To backup the P-660H-Tx v2 configurations, use TFTP client program
to get file 'rom-0' from the P-660H-Tx v2.
d. To restore the P-660H-Tx v2 configurations, use the TFTP client
program to put your configuration in file rom-0 in the P-660H-Tx v2.
7. What should I do if I forget the system password?
In case you forget the system password, you can erase the current
configuration and restore factory defaults this way:
Use the RESET button on the rear panel of P-660H-Tx v2 to reset the router.
After the router is reset, the LAN IP address will be reset to '192.168.1.1', the
common user password will be reset to 'user', the Administrator password will
be reset to ‘1234’.
8. How to use the Reset button?
a. Turn your P-660H-Tx v2 on. Make sure the Power LED is on (not
blinking)
b. Press the RESET button for longer than one second and shorter than
five seconds and release it. If the Power LED begins to blink, the
P-660H-Tx v2’s wireless auto security function-OTIST has been
enabled.
c. Press the RESET button for six seconds and then release it. If the
Power LED begins to blink, the default configuration has been restored
and the P-660H-Tx v2 restarts.
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P-660H-Tx v2 Support Notes
9. What is SUA? When should I use SUA?
SUA (Single User Account) is a unique feature supported by Prestige router
which allows multiple people to access Internet concurrently for the cost of a
single user account.
When Prestige acting as SUA receives a packet from a local client destined for
the outside Internet, it replaces the source address in the IP packet header
with its own address and the source port in the TCP or UDP header with
another value chosen out of a local pool. It then recomputes the appropriate
header checksums and forwards the packet to the Internet as if it is originated
from Prestige using the IP address assigned by ISP. When reply packets from
the external Internet are received by Prestige, the original IP source address
and TCP/UDP source port numbers are written into the destination fields of the
packet (since it is now moving in the opposite direction), the checksums are
recomputed, and the packet is delivered to its true destination. This is because
SUA keeps a table of the IP addresses and port numbers of the local systems
currently using it.
10. What is the difference between SUA and Full Feature NAT?
When you edit a remote node in Web Configurator, Advanced Setup, Network
-> Remote Node -> Edit, there will be three options for you:
•None
•SUA Only
•Full Feature
SUA (Single User Account) in previous ZyNOS versions is a NAT set with 2
rules: Many-to-One and Server. With SUA, 'visible' servers had to be mapped
to different ports, since the servers share only one global IP.
The P-660H-Tx v2 now has Full Feature NAT which supports five types of
IP/Port mapping: One to One, Many to One, Many to Many Overload, Many to
Many No Overload and Server. You can make special application when you
select Full Feature NAT. For example: With multiple global IP addresses,
multiple severs using the same port (e.g., FTP servers using port 21/20) are
allowed on the LAN for outside access.
The P-660H-Tx v2 supports NAT sets on a remote node basis. They are
reusable, but only one set is allowed for each remote node. The P-660H-Tx v2
supports 8 sets since there are 8 remote nodes.
By fatory default, the NAT is select as SUA in Web Configurator, Advanced
Setup, Network -> NAT -> General -> NAT Setup.
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P-660H-Tx v2 Support Notes
11. Is it possible to access a server running behind SUA from the outside
Internet? How can I do it?
Yes, it is possible because P-660H-Tx v2 delivers the packet to the local
server by looking up to a SUA server table. Therefore, to make a local server
accessible to the outside users, the port number and the inside IP address of
the server must be configured. (You can configure it in Web Configurator,
Advanced Setup, Network -> NAT -> Port Forwarding).
12. When do I need select Full Feature NAT?
•Make multiple local servers on the LAN accessible from outside with
multiple global IP addresses
With SUA, 'visible' servers had to be mapped to different ports, since the
servers share only one global IP. But when you select Full Feature, you can
make multiple local servers (mapping the same port or not) on the LAN
accessible from outside with multiple global IP addresses.
•Support Non-NAT Friendly Applications
Some servers providing Internet applications such as some MIRC servers do
not allow users to login using the same IP address. Thus, users on the same
network can not login to the same server simultaneously. In this case it is
better to use Many-to-Many No Overload or One-to-One NAT mapping types,
thus each user login to the server using a unique global IP address.
13. What IP/Port mapping does Multi-NAT support?
Multi-NAT supports five types of IP/port mapping: One to One, Many to One,
Many to Many Overload, Many to Many No Overload and Server. The details
of the mapping between ILA and IGA are described as below. Here we define
the local IP addresses as the Internal Local Addresses (ILA) and the global IP
addresses as the Inside Global Address (IGA),
•One to One: In One-to-One mode, the P-660H-Tx v2 maps one ILA to
one IGA.
•Many to One: In Many-to-One mode, the P-660H-Tx v2 maps multiple
ILA to one IGA. This is equivalent to SUA (i.e., PAT, port address
translation), ZyXEL's Single User Account feature that previous ZyNOS
routers supported (the SUA is optional in today's Prestige routers).
•Many to Many Overload: In Many-to-Many Overload mode, the
P-660H-Tx v2 maps the multiple ILA to shared IGA.
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P-660H-Tx v2 Support Notes
•Many One-to-One: In Many One-to-One mode, the P-660H-Tx v2
maps each ILA to unique IGA.
•Server: In Server mode, the P-660H-Tx v2 maps multiple inside servers
to one global IP address. This allows us to specify multiple servers of
different types behind the NAT for outside access. Note：if you want to
map each server to one unique IGA please use the One-to-One mode.
The following table summarizes the five types.
NAT Type IP Mapping
One-to-One ILA1<--->IGA1
Many-to-One
(SUA/PAT)
ILA1<--->IGA1
ILA2<--->IGA1
...
Many-to-Many
Overload
ILA1<--->IGA1
ILA2<--->IGA2
ILA3<--->IGA1
ILA4<--->IGA2
...
Many
One-to-One
ILA1<--->IGA1
ILA2<--->IGA2
ILA3<--->IGA3
ILA4<--->IGA4
...
Server Server 1 IP<--->IGA1
Server 2 IP<--->IGA1
14. How many network users can the SUA/NAT support?
The Prestige does not limit the number of the users but the number of the
sessions. The P-660H-Tx v2 supports 2048 sessions that you can use the 'ip
nat session' command in CLI to see. You can also use ‘ip nat hashTable
wanif0’ to view the current active NAT sessions.
15. What are Device filters and Protocol filters?
In ZyNOS, the filters have been separated into two groups. One group is
called 'device filter group', and the other is called 'protocol filter
group'. Generic filters belong to the 'device filter group', TCP/IP and IPX filters
belong to the 'protocol filter group'. You can configure the filter rule in CLI.
Note: In ZyNOS, you can not mix different filter groups in the same filter set.
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P-660H-Tx v2 Support Notes
16. How can I protect against IP spoofing attacks?
The P-660H-Tx v2's filter sets provide a means to protect against IP spoofing
attacks. The basic scheme is as follows:
For the input data filter:
•Deny packets from the outside that claim to be from the inside
•Allow everything that is not spoofing us
Filter rule setup:
•Filter type =TCP/IP Filter Rule
•Active =Yes
•Source IP Addr =a.b.c.d
•Source IP Mask =w.x.y.z
•Action Matched =Drop
•Action Not Matched =Forward
Where a.b.c.d is an IP address on your local network and w.x.y.z is your
netmask:
For the output data filters:
•Deny bounce back packet
•Allow packets that originate from us
Filter rule setup:
•Filter Type =TCP/IP Filter Rule
•Active =Yes
•Destination IP Addr =a.b.c.d
•Destination IP Mask =w.x.y.z
•Action Matched =Drop
•Action No Matched =Forward
Where a.b.c.d is an IP address on your local network and w.x.y.z is your
netmask.
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