ZyXEL Communications P-2602R-D1A Manual

Prestige 2602R-D1A
Support Notes
Version 3.40
Sep. 2007

Prestige 2602R-D1ASupport Notes
All contents copyright (c) 2007 ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
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INDEX
APPLICATION NOTES.............................................................................................................................................................. 5
GENERAL APPLICATION NOTES.......................................................................................................................................................... 5
INTERNET CONNECTION................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Setup the Prestige as a DHCP Relay.................................................................................................................................... 10
Configure an Internal Server Behind SUA ........................................................................................................................... 12
Configure a PPTP server Behind SUA.................................................................................................................................. 14
Using NAT / Multi-NAT........................................................................................................................................................ 18
About Filter & Filter Examples............................................................................................................................................ 39
Using the Dynamic DNS (DDNS) ......................................................................................................................................... 62
Network Management Using SNMP................................................................................................................................... 64
Using syslog........................................................................................................................................................................ 70
Using IP Alias ...................................................................................................................................................................... 74
Using Call Scheduling.......................................................................................................................................................... 76
Using IP Multicast............................................................................................................................................................... 81
Using Prestige traffic redirect ............................................................................................................................................. 83
Using Universal Plug n Play (UPnP) .................................................................................................................................... 85
VOIP APPLICATION NOTES ............................................................................................................................................................. 91
Setup SIP Account............................................................................................................................................................... 91
Peer to Peer call.................................................................................................................................................................. 94
Phone port settings ............................................................................................................................................................ 98
Advanced voice settings configuration............................................................................................................................. 100
Phone book Speed dial ..................................................................................................................................................... 103
Voice –Common Settings................................................................................................................................................. 106
Voice - QoS setup.............................................................................................................................................................. 107
Call Forwarding setup....................................................................................................................................................... 109
Call Hold setup.................................................................................................................................................................. 111
Call Waiting setup............................................................................................................................................................. 112
Three Way Conference setup............................................................................................................................................ 114
Call Transfer setup ............................................................................................................................................................ 116
Internal Call ...................................................................................................................................................................... 119
Call Fallback...................................................................................................................................................................... 119
Call Park / Call Pickup ....................................................................................................................................................... 119
Call Return ........................................................................................................................................................................ 122
Distinctive Ringing ............................................................................................................................................................ 123
Do Not Disturb (DND) ....................................................................................................................................................... 124

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Hot Line (Auto Dial) .......................................................................................................................................................... 125
Music on hold ................................................................................................................................................................... 126
MWI.................................................................................................................................................................................. 127
Caller ID enable/disable.................................................................................................................................................... 128
Early Media....................................................................................................................................................................... 128
Country Code .................................................................................................................................................................... 130
FAQ.....................................................................................................................................................................................130
ZYNOS FAQ............................................................................................................................................................................. 130
What is ZyNOS? ................................................................................................................................................................ 130
How do I access the embedded web configurator?.......................................................................................................... 131
What is the default LAN IP address and Password? Moreover, how do I change it? ....................................................... 131
How do I upload the ZyNOS firmware code via embeded web configurator?.................................................................. 131
How do I upgrade/backup the ZyNOS firmware by using FTP client program via LAN? .................................................. 131
How do I upload or backup ROMFILE via web configurator? ........................................................................................... 132
How do I backup/restore configurations by using FTP client program via LAN?.............................................................. 132
Why can't I make Telnet to Prestige from WAN? ............................................................................................................. 133
What should I do if I forget the system password? .......................................................................................................... 133
What is SUA? When should I use SUA? ............................................................................................................................ 133
What is the difference between NAT and SUA? ............................................................................................................... 133
How many network users can the SUA/NAT support? ..................................................................................................... 134
What are Device filters and Protocol filters?.................................................................................................................... 134
Why can't I configure device filters or protocol filters? .................................................................................................... 134
PRODUCT FAQ .......................................................................................................................................................................... 134
What is the Prestige Integrated Access Device? ............................................................................................................... 134
Will the Prestige work with my Internet connection? ...................................................................................................... 135
What do I need to use the Prestige?................................................................................................................................. 135
What is PPPoE?................................................................................................................................................................. 135
Does the Prestige support PPPoE?.................................................................................................................................... 135
How do I know I am using PPPoE?.................................................................................................................................... 135
Why does my provider use PPPoE?................................................................................................................................... 136
Which Internet Applications can I use with the Prestige?................................................................................................. 136
How can I configure the Prestige? .................................................................................................................................... 136
What network interface does the Prestige support? ........................................................................................................ 136
What can we do with Prestige?........................................................................................................................................ 136
Does Prestige support dynamic IP addressing? ................................................................................................................ 136
What is the difference between the internal IP and the real IP from my ISP? .................................................................. 136

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How does e-mail work through the Prestige? .................................................................................................................. 137
Is it possible to access a server running behind SUA from the outside Internet? If possible, how?.................................. 137
What DHCP capability does the Prestige support?........................................................................................................... 137
How do I used the reset button, more over what field of parameter will be reset by reset button? ................................ 137
What network interface does the new Prestige series support? ...................................................................................... 138
How does the Prestige support TFTP? .............................................................................................................................. 138
Can the Prestige support TFTP over WAN?....................................................................................................................... 138
How fast can the data go?................................................................................................................................................ 138
What is Multi-NAT? .......................................................................................................................................................... 139
When do I need Multi-NAT?.............................................................................................................................................. 139
What IP/Port mapping does Multi-NAT support? ............................................................................................................. 140
What is the difference between SUA and Multi-NAT? ...................................................................................................... 141
What is BOOTP/DHCP? ..................................................................................................................................................... 141
What is DDNS? ................................................................................................................................................................. 141
When do I need DDNS service?......................................................................................................................................... 142
What DDNS servers does the Prestige support?............................................................................................................... 142
What is DDNS wildcard?................................................................................................................................................... 142
Does the Prestige support DDNS wildcard? ...................................................................................................................... 142
Can the Prestige SUA handle IPsec packets sent by the VPN gateway behind Prestige?.................................................. 142
How do I setup my Prestige for routing IPsec packets over SUA? ..................................................................................... 143
VOIP FAQ ................................................................................................................................................................................ 143
What is Voice over IP? ...................................................................................................................................................... 143
How does Voice over IP work?.......................................................................................................................................... 143
Why use VoIP?.................................................................................................................................................................. 143
What is the relationship between codec and VoIP? ......................................................................................................... 144
What advantage does Voice over IP can provide? ........................................................................................................... 144
What is the difference between H.323 and SIP? .............................................................................................................. 144
Can H.323 and SIP interoperate with one another? ......................................................................................................... 144
What is voice quality? ...................................................................................................................................................... 144
How are voice quality normally rated?............................................................................................................................. 144
What is codec? ................................................................................................................................................................. 145
What is the relation of codec and VoIP? .......................................................................................................................... 145
What codec does Prestige support? ................................................................................................................................. 145
Which codec should I choose? .......................................................................................................................................... 145
What do I need in order to use SIP? ................................................................................................................................. 145
Unable to register with the SIP server? ............................................................................................................................ 146
I can register but can not establish a call? ....................................................................................................................... 146

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I can make a call but the voice only goes one way not bothway?.................................................................................... 146
I can receive a call but the voice only goes one way not bothway? ................................................................................. 146
If all the about have been tried, but register still fail what should I do? .......................................................................... 147
I suspect there is a hardware problem with my Prestige what should I do? .................................................................... 147
FIREWALL FAQ .......................................................................................................................................................................... 147
What is a network firewall? ............................................................................................................................................. 147
What makes Prestige firewall secure? ............................................................................................................................. 147
What are the basic types of firewalls? ............................................................................................................................. 148
What kind of firewall is the Prestige?............................................................................................................................... 148
Why do you need a firewall when your router has packet filtering and NAT built-in?..................................................... 149
What is Denials of Service (DoS)attack?........................................................................................................................... 149
What is Ping of Death attack?.......................................................................................................................................... 149
What is Teardrop attack?................................................................................................................................................. 149
What is SYN Flood attack?................................................................................................................................................ 149
What is LAND attack?....................................................................................................................................................... 150
What is Brute-force attack? ............................................................................................................................................. 150
What is IP Spoofing attack?.............................................................................................................................................. 150
What are the default ACL firewall rules in Prestige?........................................................................................................ 150
How can I protect against IP spoofing attacks? ............................................................................................................... 151
CONTENT FILTER FAQ ................................................................................................................................................................. 152
TROUBLE SHOOTING...........................................................................................................................................................152
USING EMBEDDED PACKET TRACE ................................................................................................................................................. 152
DEBUG PPPOECONNECTION ....................................................................................................................................................... 167
CLI COMMAND LIST ............................................................................................................................................................178
Application Notes
General Application Notes
Internet Connection
A typical Internet access application of the Prestige is shown below. For a small office, there are some
components needs to be checked before accessing the Internet.

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Before you begin
Setting up the Windows
Setting up the Prestige router
Troubleshooting
Before you begin
The Prestige is shipped with the following factory default:
1. IP address = 192.168.1.1, subnet mask = 255.255.255.0 (24 bits)
2. DHCP server enabled with IP pool starting from 192.168.1.33
3. Default SMT menu password = 1234
Setting up the PC (Windows OS)
1. Ethernet connection
All PCs must have an Ethernet adapter card installed.
If you only have one PC, connect the PC's Ethernet adapter to the Prestige's LAN port with a
crossover (red one) Ethernet cable.
If you have more than one PC, both the PC's Ethernet adapters and the Prestige's LAN port must
be connected to an external hub with straight Ethernet cable.
2. TCP/IP Installation

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You must first install TCP/IP software on each PC before you can use it for Internet access. If you have already
installed TCP/IP, go to the next section to configure it; otherwise, follow these steps to install:
In the Control Panel/Network window, click Add button.
In the Select Network Component Type windows, select Protocol and click Add.
In the Select Network Protocol windows, select Microsoft from the manufacturers, then select
TCP/IP from the Network Protocols and click OK.
3. TCP/IP Configuration
Follow these steps to configure Windows TCP/IP:
In the Control Panel/Network window, click the TCP/IP entry to select it and click Properties
button.
In the TCP/IP Properties window, select obtain an IP address automatically.
Note: Do not assign arbitrary IP address and subnet mask to your PCs, otherwise, you will not be able to access
the Internet.
Click the WINS configuration tab and select Disable WINS Resolution.
Click the Gateway tab. Highlight any installed gateways and click the Remove button until there
are none listed.
Click the DNS Configuration tab and select Disable DNS.
Click OK to save and close the TCP/IP properties window
Click OK to close the Network window. You will be prompted to insert your Windows CD or disk.
When the drivers are updated, you will be asked if you want to restart the PC. Make sure your
Prestige is powered on before answering Yes to the prompt. Repeat the above steps for each
Windows PC on your network.
Setting up the Prestige router
The following procedure is for the most typical usage of the Prestige where you have a single-user account
(SUA). The Prestige supports embedded web server that allows you to use Web browser to configure it. Before
configuring the router using Browser please be sure there is no Telnet or Console login.
1. Retrieve Prestige Web

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Please enter the LAN IP address of the Prestige router in the URL location to retrieve the web screen from the
Prestige. The default LAN IP of the Prestige is 192.168.1.1. See the example below. Note that you can either
use http://192.168.1.1
2. Login first
The default password is the default SMT password, '1234'.
3. Configure Prestige for Internet access by using WIZARD SETUP

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The Web screen shown below takes PPPoE as the example.

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Setup the Prestige as a DHCP Relay
What is DHCP Relay?
DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. In addition to the DHCP server feature, the P2602
supports the DHCP relay function. When it is configured as DHCP server, it assigns the IP addresses to the

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LAN clients. When it is configured as DHCP relay, it is reponsable for forwarding the requests and responses
negotiating between the DHCP clients and the server. See figure 1.
Setup the Prestige as a DHCP Client
1. Toggle the DHCP to Relay in menu 3.2 and enter the IP address of the DHCP server in the 'Relay Server
Address' field.
Menu 3.2 - TCP/IP and DHCP Setup
DHCP Setup
DHCP= Relay
Client IP Pool Starting Address= N/A
Size of Client IP Pool= N/A
Primary DNS Server= N/A
Secondary DNS Server= N/A
Remote DHCP Server= 192.168.1.2
TCP/IP Setup:
IP Address= 192.168.1.1
IP Subnet Mask= 255.255.255.0
RIP Direction= None
Version= N/A
Multicast= None
IP Policies=

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Edit IP Alias= No
Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:
Configure an Internal Server Behind SUA
Introduction
If you wish, you can make internal servers (e.g., Web, ftp or mail server) accessible for outside users, even
though SUA makes your LAN appear as a single machine to the outside world. A service is identified by the
port number. Also, since you need to specify the IP address of a server in the Prestige, a server must have a
fixed IP address and not be a DHCP client whose IP address potentially changes each time it is powered on.
In addition to the servers for specific services, SUA supports a default server. A service request that does not
have a server explicitly designated for it is forwarded to the default server. If the default server is not defined,
the service request is simply discarded.
Configuration

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To make a server visible to the outside world, specify the port number of the service and the inside address of
the server in 'Menu 15.2.1', Multiple Server Configuration. The outside users can access the local server using
the Prestige's WAN IP address which can be obtained from menu 24.1.
For example (Configuring an internal Web server for outside access) :
Menu 15.2 - NAT Server Setup
Rule Start Port No. End Port No. IP Address
---------------------------------------------------
1. Default Default 0.0.0.0
2. 80 80 192.168.1.10
3. 0 0 0.0.0.0
4. 0 0 0.0.0.0
5. 0 0 0.0.0.0
6. 0 0 0.0.0.0
7. 0 0 0.0.0.0
8. 0 0 0.0.0.0
9. 0 0 0.0.0.0
10. 0 0 0.0.0.0
11. 0 0 0.0.0.0
12. 0 0 0.0.0.0
Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:
Port numbers for some services
Service
Port Number
FTP
21
Telnet
23
SMTP
25

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DNS (Domain Name Server)
53
www-http (Web)
80
Configure a PPTP server Behind SUA
Introduction
PPTP is a tunneling protocol defined by the PPTP forum that allows PPP packets to be encapsulated within
Internet Protocol (IP) packets and forwarded over any IP network, including the Internet itself.
In order to run the Windows 9x PPTP client, you must be able to establish an IP connection with a tunnel server
such as the Windows NT Server 4.0 Remote Access Server.
Windows Dial-Up Networking uses the Internet standard Point-to-Point (PPP) to provide a secure,optimized
multiple-protocol network connection over dial-up telephone lines. All data sent over this connection can be
encrypted and compressed, and multiple network level protocols (TCP/IP, NetBEUI and IPX) can be run
correctly. Windows NT Domain Login level security is preserved even across the Internet.
Window98 PPTP Client / Internet / NT RAS Server Protocol Stack
PPTP appears as new modem type (Virtual Private Networking Adapter) that can be selected when setting up a
connection in the Dial-Up Networking folder. The VPN Adapter type does not appear elsewhere in the system.

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Since PPTP encapsulates its data stream in the PPP protocol, the VPN requires a second dial-up adapter. This
second dial-up adapter for VPN is added during the installation phase of the Upgrade in addition to the first
dial-up adapter that provides PPP support for the analog or ISDN modem.
The PPTP is supported in Windows NT and Windows 98 already. For Windows 95, it needs to be upgraded by
the Dial-Up Networking 1.2 upgrade.
Configuration
This application note explains how to establish a PPTP connection with a remote private network in the Prestige
SUA case. In ZyNOS, all PPTP packets can be forwarded to the internal PPTP Server (WinNT server) behind
SUA. The port number of the PPTP has to be entered in the SMT Menu 15 for Prestige to forward to the
appropriate private IP address of Windows NT server.
Example
The following example shows how to dial to an ISP via the Prestige and then establish a tunnel to a private
network. There will be three items that you need to set up for PPTP application, these are PPTP server (WinNT),
PPTP client (Win9x) and the Prestige.
oPPTP server setup (WinNT)
Add the VPN service from Control Panel>Network
Add an user account for PPTP logged on user
Enable RAS port
Select the network protocols from RAS such as IPX, TCP/IP NetBEUI
Set the Internet gateway to Prestige

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oPPTP client setup (Win9x)
Add one VPN connection from Dial-Up Networking by entering the correct
username & password and the IP address of the Prestige's Internet IP address for
logging to NT RAS server.
Set the Internet gateway to the router that is connecting to ISP
oPrestige router setup
Before making a VPN connection from Win9x to WinNT server, you need to connect Prestige
router to your ISP first.
Enter the IP address of the PPTP server (WinNT server) and the port number for PPTP as shown
below.
Menu 15.2 - NAT Server Setup (Used for SUA Only)
Rule Start Port No. End Port No. IP Address
---------------------------------------------------
1. Default Default 0.0.0.0
2. 1723 1723 192.168.1.10
3. 0 0 0.0.0.0
4. 0 0 0.0.0.0
5. 0 0 0.0.0.0
6. 0 0 0.0.0.0
7. 0 0 0.0.0.0
8. 0 0 0.0.0.0
9. 0 0 0.0.0.0
10. 0 0 0.0.0.0
11. 0 0 0.0.0.0
12. 0 0 0.0.0.0
Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:
When you have finished the above settings, you can ping to the remote Win9x client from
WinNT. This ping command is used to demonstrate that remote the Win9x can be reached across the

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Internet. If the Internet connection between two LANs is achieve, you can place a VPN call from the
remote Win9x client.
For example:
C:\ping 203.66.113.2
When a dial-up connection to ISP is established, a default gateway is assigned to the router traffic
through that connection. Therefore, the output below shows the default gateway of the Win9x client
after the dial-up connection has been established.
Before making a VPN connection from the Win9x client to the NT server, you need to know the exact
Internet IP address that the ISP assigns to Prestige router in SUA mode and enter this IP address in the
VPN dial-up dialog box. You can check this Internet IP address from PNC Monitor or SMT Menu
24.1. If the Internet IP address is a fixed IP address provided by ISP in SUA mode, then you can
always use this IP address for reaching the VPN server.
In the following example, the IP address '140.113.1.225' is dynamically assigned by ISP. You must
enter this IP address in the 'VPN Server' dialog box for reaching the PPTP server. After the VPN link is
established, you can start the network protocol application such as IP, IPX and NetBEUI.

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Using NAT / Multi-NAT
What is Multi-NAT?
NAT (Network Address Translation-NAT RFC 1631) is the translation of an Internet Protocol address used
within one network to a different IP address known within another network. One network is designated the
inside network and the other is the outside . Typically, a company maps its local inside network addresses to one
or more global outside IP addresses and "unmaps" the global IP addresses on incoming packets back into local
IP addresses. The IP addresses for the NAT can be either fixed or dynamically assigned by the ISP. In addition,
you can designate servers, e.g., a web server and a telnet server, on your local network and make them
accessible to the outside world. If you do not define any servers, NAT offers the additional benefit of firewall
protection. In such case, all incoming connections to your network will be filtered out by the Prestige, thus
preventing intruders from probing your network.
The SUA feature that the Prestige supports previously operates by mapping the private IP addresses to a global
IP address. It is only one subset of the NAT. The Prestige with ZyNOS V3.40 supports the most of the features
of the NAT based on RFC 1631, and we call this feature as 'Multi-NAT'. For more information on IP address
translation, please refer to RFC 1631, The IP Network Address Translator (NAT) .
How NAT works
If we define the local IP addresses as the Internal Local Addresses (ILA) and the global IP addresses as the
Inside Global Address (IGA), see the following figure. The term 'inside' refers to the set of networks that are
subject to translation. NAT operates by mapping the ILA to the IGA required for communication with hosts on
other networks. It replaces the original IP source address (and TCP or UDP source port numbers) and then
forwards each packet to the Internet ISP, thus making them appear as if they had come from the NAT system
itself (e.g., the Prestige router). The Prestige keeps track of the original addresses and port numbers so incoming
reply packets can have their original values restored.

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1. NAT Mapping Types
NAT supports five types of IP/port mapping. They are:
2. One to One
In One-to-One mode, the Prestige maps one ILA to one IGA.
3. Many to One
In Many-to-One mode, the Prestige maps multiple ILA to one IGA. This is equivalent to SUA (i.e., PAT, port
address translation), ZyXEL's Single User Account feature that previous ZyNOS routers supported (the SUA
only option in today's routers).
4. Many to Many Overload
In Many-to-Many Overload mode, the Prestige maps the multiple ILA to shared IGA.
5. Many to Many No Overload
In Many-to-Many No Overload mode, the Prestige maps each ILA to unique IGA.
Server
In Server mode, the Prestige maps multiple inside servers to one global IP address. This allows us to specify
multiple servers of different types behind the NAT for outside access. Note, if you want to map each server to
one unique IGA please use the One-to-One mode.

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The following table summarizes these types.
NAT Type
IPMapping
Mapping
Direction
One-to-One
ILA1<--->IGA1
Both
Many-to-One (SUA/PAT)
ILA1---->IGA1
ILA2---->IGA1
...
Outgoing
Many-to-Many Overload
ILA1---->IGA1
ILA2---->IGA2
ILA3---->IGA1
ILA4---->IGA2
...
Outgoing
Many-to-Many No
Overload
(Allocate by Connections)
ILA1---->IGA1
ILA2---->IGA3
ILA3---->IGA2
ILA4---->IGA4
...
Outgoing
Server
Server 1 IP<----IGA1
Server 2 IP<----IGA1
Incoming
SUAVersus NAT
SUA (Single User Account) in previous ZyNOS versions is a NAT set with 2 rules, Many-to-One and Server.
The Prestige now has Full Feature NAT support to map global IP addresses to local IP addresses of clients or
servers. With multiple global IP addresses, multiple severs of the same type (e.g., FTP servers) are allowed on
the LAN for outside access. In previous ZyNOS versions (that supported SUA 'visible' servers had to be of
different types. The Prestige supports NAT sets on a remote node basis. They are reusable, but only one set is
allowed for each remote node. The Prestige 2602R supports 8 sets since there are 8 remote node. The default
SUA (Read Only) Set in menu 15.1 is a convenient, pre-configured, read only, Many-to-One mapping set,
sufficient for most purposes and helpful to people already familiar with SUA in previous ZyNOS versions.
SMT Menus
1. Applying NAT in the SMT Menus