A.R.C. Laser FOX IV 810 User manual

User Manual
FOX IV 810
A.R.C. Laser GmbH
0123
Bessemerstr. 14
D-90411 Nuremberg
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
[email protected]
www.arclaser.de

User Manual FOX IV 810
August 2023
File: User_Manual_FOX IV 810_rev1.docx 2
Please contact for service:
A.R.C. Laser GmbH Headquaters:
A.R.C. LASER GmbH
Bessemerstr. 14
90411 Nuremberg
Germany
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
[e-mail]
Copyright © A.R.C. Laser GmbH. All rights reserved.
This document contains confidential and copyrighted information and may only be used
with the devices described here and can be reproduced following approval of A.R.C. La-
ser GmbH.
Local distributor

User Manual FOX IV 810
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Content
1INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................6
1.1 Marking and Symbols ............................................................................................................6
1.2 Intended Purpose ...................................................................................................................7
1.2.1 General Purpose ......................................................................................................................7
1.2.2 Medical Purpose.......................................................................................................................7
1.2.3 Principles of operation and mode of action ..............................................................................9
1.3 Theory and Technical Set-Up..............................................................................................10
2TRANSPORT AND STORAGE..............................................................................11
2.1 Shipping and unpacking the device...................................................................................12
2.2 Return Shipments.................................................................................................................14
3SETUP / INSTALLATION ......................................................................................15
3.1 Installation Site.....................................................................................................................15
3.2 Room Requirements ............................................................................................................15
3.2.1 Marking of Access Points.......................................................................................................15
3.2.2 Window shielding....................................................................................................................15
3.2.3 Reflecting surfaces.................................................................................................................16
3.3 Electrical connection ...........................................................................................................16
3.4 Battery pack..........................................................................................................................16
4SAFETY INFORMATION.......................................................................................17
4.1 General ..................................................................................................................................17
4.2 Eye Safety .............................................................................................................................18
4.3 Electrical Protection.............................................................................................................19
4.4 Explosion and Fire Hazard ..................................................................................................19
4.5 Protection against Undesired Radiation............................................................................19
4.6 NOHD Safety Distance .........................................................................................................20
4.7 CE Regulations.....................................................................................................................21
4.8 RoHS3 Regulations ..............................................................................................................21
4.9 Protective Housing...............................................................................................................21
4.10 Connector and Plugs ...........................................................................................................22
4.11 External Interlock Plug.........................................................................................................22
4.12 Safety shutter / Aiming beam..............................................................................................23
4.13 Manual Reset ........................................................................................................................23
4.14 Reset due to power failure...................................................................................................23
4.15 Stickers and Labels..............................................................................................................24
4.16 Operating Conditions...........................................................................................................26
4.17 Electromagnetic Compatibility............................................................................................26
5USER INFORMATION AND SYSTEM INTRODUCTION.......................................27

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5.1 Technical Introduction Training..........................................................................................27
5.2 Laser Safety Training...........................................................................................................27
5.3 Medical Introduction Training.............................................................................................27
5.4 Device Parts and Accessories ............................................................................................28
5.4.1 Fibers and Probes / Applicators .............................................................................................29
5.4.2 Fiber port FOX IV 810 ............................................................................................................30
6OPERATION..........................................................................................................31
6.1 Preparation............................................................................................................................34
6.2 Starting the Device...............................................................................................................35
6.2.1 Entering the password............................................................................................................36
6.2.2 Application Menu –select treatment......................................................................................37
6.2.3 Select or add a user profile.....................................................................................................38
6.3 Programs and Settings ........................................................................................................40
6.3.1 Universal buttons....................................................................................................................40
6.3.2 CPC –Cyclophotocoagulation ...............................................................................................41
6.3.3 µCPC –Cyclophotocoagulation by the use of microsecond pulses.......................................45
6.3.4 Retina coagulation (Endo - Endocoagulation or LIO Applications)........................................50
6.3.5 DCR - Dacryocystorhynostomy..............................................................................................55
6.4 Settings..................................................................................................................................59
6.4.1 Advanced Service Settings.....................................................................................................63
6.4.2 Advanced User Settings.........................................................................................................63
6.5 Insert the applicator .............................................................................................................64
6.6 READY /STANDBY-mode.....................................................................................................64
6.7 Release laser radiation ........................................................................................................65
6.8 Laser-Stop.............................................................................................................................65
6.9 Power-Save ...........................................................................................................................65
6.10 Switch-Off..............................................................................................................................65
6.11 Charging the battery ............................................................................................................66
6.12 Symbols.................................................................................................................................67
7TECHNICAL DATA................................................................................................68
7.1 General Laser Data...............................................................................................................68
7.2 Classifications ......................................................................................................................68
8MAINTENANCE.....................................................................................................69
8.1 Introduction...........................................................................................................................69
8.2 Safety Check.........................................................................................................................69
8.3 Cleaning and disinfection by the user ...............................................................................70
8.4 Accessories Cleaning ..........................................................................................................71
8.4.1 Laser Safety Goggles.............................................................................................................71
8.4.2 Applicators..............................................................................................................................71
8.4.3 Foot Switch.............................................................................................................................71

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8.5 Error detection......................................................................................................................71
8.5.1 Error Routine ..........................................................................................................................71
8.5.2 Interlock chain ........................................................................................................................71
8.5.3 System Check ........................................................................................................................72
8.5.4 Troubleshooting......................................................................................................................73
8.5.5 Error messages ......................................................................................................................74
8.5.1 Interlock messages.................................................................................................................74
8.5.2 Warning messages.................................................................................................................75
8.5.1 Status messages....................................................................................................................76
8.5.1 Confirmation screens..............................................................................................................77
8.6 Disposal.................................................................................................................................78
9CUSTOMER SERVICE ..........................................................................................79
9.1 Warranty Information ...........................................................................................................79
9.2 Warranty Consignments, Packaging..................................................................................79
9.3 Sales- and Service-Information...........................................................................................79
10 GUIDELINES AND MANUFACTURER’S DECLARATION....................................80
10.1 Electromagnetic Emissions.................................................................................................80
10.2 Electromagnetic Immunity (1).............................................................................................81
10.3 Electromagnetic Immunity (2).............................................................................................83
10.4 Recommended separation distances between portable and mobile RF
telecommunications equipment and the laser ..................................................................84

User Manual FOX IV 810
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1 Introduction
We appreciate your decision to purchase the FOX IV 810 and wish you a productive
and successful usage with this all-round diode laser for ophthalmology.
The FOX IV 810 generates a high-intensity laser beam, which may induce injuries in
case of improper handling. Therefore, this User Manual should be read carefully before
using the device. If you have any further questions regarding safety, the use of the
device, or concerning laser and laser radiation, please contact A.R.C. Laser GmbH or
your local authorized dealer.
1.1 Marking and Symbols
The "General warning sign" (ISO 7010 W001) indicates general risk. It
encourages the user to take care regarding the hazard specified by the
supplementary sign. Before carrying out any further works at parts with
such marks, please read the user manual or contact your local dealer or
contact directly the A.R.C. Laser GmbH service department.
The sign "Warning; Laser beam" (ISO 7010 W004) indicates laser
hazards. It encourages the user to take care to avoid exposure to a laser
beam. The laser beam of this device is not visible to the naked eye nor
through protecting googles.

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1.2 Intended Purpose
1.2.1 General Purpose
Coagulation and/or carbonization/vaporization of tissue, bony structures or blood
1.2.2 Medical Purpose
The FOX IV 810 is intended to be used for treatments requiring coagulation of retinal
tissue or the ciliary body, irradiation of ciliary muscle tissue and treatments in the tear
duct containing coagulation or vaporization of soft tissue or bony structures.
The laser effect allows focused treatment of the disease area with minimal impact on
the surrounding tissue.
The diode laser FOX IV 810 is intended to be used for the following application fields
and indications:
•Glaucoma –forms of increased intraocular pressure (IOP)
oCyclophotocoagulation in thermal (CPC) or subthreshold mode (µCPC)
•Retina
oPhotocoagulation of retinal tissue in retinopathy or retinopathy of prematurity
oEndophotocoagulation of retinal tissue in case of retinal detachments, retinal
tears, retinal breaks, retinal bleedings, retinal breaks or neovascularization
•Lacrimal duct
oStenosis in lacrimal passage
oDacryocystorhinostomy (DCR)

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1.2.2.1 Indications and contraindications
Indications
Medical
Applica-
tion indi-
cated
Indication from clinical
data
Side and adverse effects
Contraindications
Glaucoma
Treatments requiring irra-
diation or coagulation of
ciliary body in a transscle-
ral application like:
- µCPC (application in sub-
threshold mode targeting
the ciliary muscle)- CPC
(application in thermal
mode to coagulate parts of
ciliary body like ciliary pro-
cesses
pain, discomfort, inflammation, abra-
sion/lacerated conjunctival or scleral
tissue, subconjunctival hemorrhage
and swelling.
hypotony, (anterior) uveitis, loss or
decrease of vision, conjunctival or
scleral burns, atrophy or phthisis
bulbi, conjunctival hyphema, pop-ef-
fect‘-tissue disruption, corneal and
(cystoid)-macular edema, long last-
ing anterior chamber inflammation,
necrotizing scleritis, scleral thinning,
hyposphagma, choroidal hemor-
rhage, choroidal detachment, ante-
rior chamber flare reaction, hemor-
rhage of anterior chamber or vitre-
ous body, pupillary distortion, mydri-
asis, Iatoritis, atonic pupil, neuro-
tropic corneal ulcers (keratitis)
Side and adverse effects are less for
µCPC treatment than CPC. The risk
for inflammation is increased if the
swiping motion in µCPC application
is interrupted (stop and go).
Inflammation or infec-
tion of the eye
Forms of Glaucoma
not associated with in-
creased ocular pres-
sure (low-pressure
glaucoma)
Treatment of 3 and 9
o’clock position due to
neurovascular struc-
tures
Areas with implanted
filtering or drainage
devices as well as any
area of thinned sclera
or if there is an exist-
ing superficial bleed-
ing, which might ab-
sorb the laser radia-
tion.
Retina
Treatments requiring co-
agulation of retinal tissue
like
•retinopathy,
•retinal detachments,
retinal tears,
•retinal breaks,
•retinal bleedings,
•or neovascularization
- infection (endophthalmitis), dis-
comfort, pain, bleeding, loss or de-
crease of vision, anterior chamber
reaction/hemorrhage, cataract, vitre-
ous and retinal hemorrhage, cho-
roidal/retinal detachment, choroidal
neovas-cularization, pinpoint break
of Bruchs membrane, macular drag-
ging, proliferation
- normal conventional (non-laser)
operation collateral side effects
-
Lacrimal
Duct
Treatments requiring co-
agulation or carboniza-
tion/vaporization of tissue,
bony structures or blood
like
tear duct stenosis or DCR
(dacryocystorhinostomy)
- Pain, Swelling, Stenosis, Emphy-
sema, false passage, heating of
cannula, edema, bleeding, charring,
inadequate osteotomies, ecchymo-
sis, swelling, hemorrhage, thermal
injury, infection, surface irritation,
conjunctival scarring/granulation,
synechia
- higher failure rates
Unable to remove
thick bones

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General Contraindications
The FOX IV 810 is not intended to be used for interventions of the central circulatory
system (arteriae pulmonales, aorta ascendens, arcus aortae, aorta descendens to the
bifurcatio aortae, arteriae coronariae, arteria carotis communis, arteria carotis externa,
arteria carotis interna, arteriae cerebrales, truncus brachiocephalicus, venae cordis,
venae pulmonales, vena cava superior and vena cava inferior).
Furthermore, the FOX IV 810 is not intended to be used for treatments on the central
nervous system (brain, meninges and spinal cord).
1.2.3 Principles of operation and mode of action
The power output of the FOX VI 810 laser can be adjusted peaking an output of 8 W
(DCR) or 3 W for posterior and anterior settings.
Higher output power, usually used in lacrimal duct treatments, leads to carbonization
or vaporization of tissue. Carbonization allows the physician to remove the tissue,
vaporization makes it possible to separate it.
At low power output, which is present in Ophthalmology, heating of tissue or blood
results in enzyme denaturation and coagulation of tissue.
The FOX IV 810 is a fiber guided laser. It is used with sterile single use probes which
allow current transmission of the laser beam at 810 nm and aiming beam to the target
tissue. The Probes can be used in contact and non-contact mode.
The FOX IV 810 is only allowed to be used with authorized Probes by A.R.C.
Laser GmbH.
For Glaucoma treatment the approved probes are the Glaucoma Probes (Cyclo Probe:
REF HS11025_VE5 and µCPC Probe: REF HS11036_VE5)
For guiding the emitted radiation to the retinal tissue with the purpose of
endocoagulation, approved probes are the Endo Probes straight or curved in 23 G and
25 G (REF LL13006s_VE5, LL13010s_VE5, LL13015s_VE5, LL13025s_VE5).
The FOX IV 810 laser can also be coupled with laser-indirect ophthalmoscope (LIO)
to coagulate retinal tissue in case of retinopathy.
For DCR treatment the DCR Probe (REF LL13069s_VE5) is approved to guide the
laser radiation to the bony structure in the lacrimal duct.
.
A T T E N T I O N
The device may only be operated by specially trained personnel who are experts in
the medical effect and possible dangers of the device. The personnel should have the
necessary skills to use the laser in accordance with this manual.
When not in use, the device should always be protected against unqualified use.

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1.3 Theory and Technical Set-Up
The FOX IV 810 is a diode laser with a wavelength of 810 nm. Thanks to special man-
ufacturing processes for the semiconductor material, the A.R.C. Laser GmbH is able
to provide this laser device for a certain wavelength. The maximum output power is
8.0 W respectively 3.0 W for anterior and posterior settings. All settings can be ad-
justed by the user via the display. (See Chapter 6.4)
Due to their nature, laser diodes are very sensitive to voltage fluctuations.
The structure of the internal circuitry of the device as well as the usage of a special
power unit supply and battery build up a buffer which absorbs any fluctuations. The
high current needed to operate the laser diode is generated by a current driver in the
electronics.
The laser radiation is focused into a quartz fiber via a deflecting mirror and a coupling
lens. This laserfiber is part ofthe ophthalmological probes.It has a powertransmission
in the range of 80 to 90% of the laser power.

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2 Transport and Storage
We at A.R.C. Laser GmbH will make sure that the device is packed and transported
with the greatest possible care.
Before unpacking the laser, please check the packaging for damage and report any
damage immediately to the shipping agent and A.R.C. Laser GmbH. Only remove the
packaging in the presence of arepresentative of the carrier. Make a list of the damaged
parts and have this list signed by the courier.
The device should never be exposed to temperatures below -10°C, or above +60°C.
The air pressure during transport must be between 1080 hPa and 750 hPa. During
storage, a temperature range of +5°C to +40°C must be maintained. The relative hu-
midity during transport and storage must be between 5% and 85%.
A T T E N T I O N
If the laser is transported or stored at a temperature below +5 °C, it can be damaged
when starting. Unpack the laser and leave it at least 4 hours at normal room tempera-
ture so that the system reaches room temperature.

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2.1 Shipping and unpacking the device
Unpacking and installation of the device are usually carried out by an authorized tech-
nician or authorized representative of A.R.C. Laser GmbH. After the installation and
the correct connection of the device, the technician will put the device into operation
and explain its functions and all required safety procedures.
The FOX IV 810 is delivered in a simple and easy to use carrying case for storage and
transportation. The carrying case is protected by a special outer box.

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The carry case offers space for e.g. the following:
*if ordered
Level 1:
- Accompanying
documents, label, etc.
- Laser Safety Goggles*
Level 2:
- FOX IV 810 Laser
- Power supply
- Foot switch

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2.2 Return Shipments
If you ship the device back to A.R.C. Laser GmbH, please use the carrying case and
the covering box for transportation and shipping.

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3 Setup / Installation
3.1 Installation Site
Ensure to provide a suitable location for the device before it is set up!
The FOX IV 810 should be operated in an easily accessible place. The laser should
not be operated near a heater as the air cooling works best when the ambient temper-
ature does not exceed 35° C. Higher temperatures can cause the device to switch off
due to overheating. A place of installation in direct sunlight can cause an early shut-
down and must be avoided in any case.
If the temperature is too low (below 16 °C), the device cannot be started in order to
prevent condensation on the internal optics; this could result in permanent damage to
the laser.
The device should be set up so that the laser beam is not aimed directly at a door,
window or reflective material.
The wiring must be installed in such a way that there are no tripping hazards or other
hazards.
The air humidity is monitored internally and must be below 75%.
The dust protection cap (red plug) should be connected to the fiber port, as soon as
there is no fiber/ probe connected.
When the device is not in use, it should be stowed in the transport case.
3.2 Room Requirements
The FOX IV 810 is a categorized as a class 4 laser. To provide the most possible
safety, the following requirements must be met for any room a class 4 laser is operated
in. (according to EN 60825-1)
3.2.1 Marking of Access Points
All entrances must be clearly marked to prevent unintentional or unauthorized entry,
which can lead to hazards.
•Please attach the laser warning sign (triangle with laser symbol) as well as the
wavelength marking at each access door.
•A warning lamp must be attached above each access door, which always has
to be turned on, when the laser is in operation.
•Unintentional entry into the room without safety glasses shall be avoided.
•Please store the laser safety goggles at the entrance of the room and make
sure they are readily accessible.
3.2.2 Window shielding
It must be ensured that no laser radiation can escape the room. In particular, windows
need to be covered with suitable materials. For any question or in case of any doubt,
please contact your local A.R.C. Laser GmbH authorized dealer, or contact directly
A.R.C. Laser GmbH at any time.

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3.2.3 Reflecting surfaces
To avoid any danger caused from reflected radiation direct or scattered, reflecting sur-
faces must not be present in the room during operation.
Such surfaces may include:
•mirrors
•pictures behind glass
•chrome surfaces
•windows
Such surfaces should either be removed or covered with suitable matt-type material.
In the area around the laser, use only matted, non-reflecting as well as non-flammable
instruments and materials.
3.3 Electrical connection
The laser is operated with a DC voltage of 19 V through an external power supply or
the internal rechargeable battery pack. A.R.C. Laser GmbH developed this internal
battery pack specifically for this device. Only use battery packs and power supplies
authorized by A.R.C. Laser GmbH and obtained through the authorized dealer.
The power supply unit can be connected to an AC voltage ranging from 100V to 240V
(50/60 Hz).
3.4 Battery pack
The FOX IV 810 is powered by a lithium-ion battery. If handled incorrectly, the battery
pack can burst, cause a fire or even chemical burns. Please note the following points.
•Do not disassemble. Dispose of damaged or leaking batteries in an environ-
mentally friendly manner. Never reuse the battery.
•Never open, crush or drop from a great height or solder anything. Never step
on the battery pack. Never strike it with a hard object.
•Do not short circuit and do not allow metal objects to contact the battery.
•Do not expose to high temperature above 60°C such as indirect sunlight or any
place located in the sun. The charging temperature must be between 0°C and
45°C. The battery may only be charged with the corresponding power supply.
Disposal of batteries (applicable in the European Union and other
European countries with separate collection systems)
After the life span the battery back is special waste. Disposal may only be
carried out via an approved return system. The product shall not be dis-
posed in the household waste.
To ensure that the battery will be disposed properly, hand over the product at end-of-
life to the applicable collection point for the recycling of electrical and electronic equip-
ment.

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4 Safety Information
4.1 General
The FOX IV 810 laser is a precise working instrument for medical applications. The
system has been carefully developed and tested before shipping. In order to offer you
and the operating personnel every possible protection, we recommend that you read
this section of the operating manual carefully.
The FOX IV 810 laser device is a laser class 4 according to EN 60601-2-22, EN 60825-
1 respectively.
Class 4 in the standard describes high-energy lasers and therefore special measures
must be taken prior to commissioning in order to ensure safe and trouble-free work
with the device. In particular, it must be ensured that the eyes and skin of the operator,
the patient and third parties are protected. Laser safety goggles are to be used for eye
protection.
The following explanations are not exhaustive. All users of laser devices should en-
close the applicable legal regulations and provisions with the device and inform the
personnel accordingly. We refer here in particular to the publication “Operation of laser
equipment and accident prevention regulations for laser radiation”, which is also avail-
able from us. The Medical Device Operator Ordinance (MPBetreibV) also applies.
If the device is to be operated outside of Germany, provisions of the American National
Standard Bureau ANSI Z136.3-2018 "American National Standard for the Safe Use of
Lasers in Health Care Facilities" and ANSI Z136.1-2014 "American National Standard
for the Use of Lasers” must be respected.
This manual is limited to the operation, maintenance and control of the device. The
manual is not a guide for the treatment of diseases that can be remedied by lasers.
With regard to supplied accessories such as fibers and probes, the safety, operating
and maintenance instructions in the relevant manuals must be respected.
The A.R.C. Laser GmbH cannot be held responsible for damage or damage resulting
from improper use.
The warranty of the device expires if the laser has been opened (even partially), mod-
ified or repaired by unqualified personnel.

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4.2 Eye Safety
As a safety measure against direct or indirect laser radiation, it is necessary that all
persons in the room wear laser safety glasses.
When using the laser, only laser safety glasses that are designed for the respective
wavelength and on which the CE mark and the appropriate protection class are noted,
may be used.
The protection level (LB) for laser safety glasses is determined by the standard EN
207 (personal eye protection). The optical density (OD) describes the attenuation of
the radiation through the glasses.
There are different types of laser safety glasses that also allow spectacle wearers to
wear a tight goggle on top of their own which are protective to all sides. In particular,
the scattered radiation that does not directly come from the front of the eye may pre-
sent risks resulting from internal reflections on the glasses. Therefore we encourage
you to wear laser safety glasses which also guarantee a full protection to the side parts.
A.R.C. Laser GmbH offers a laser safety glasses for FOX IV 810 –AS01033 with fol-
lowing properties:
•810 nm: Protection level class DIRM LB 6/ Optical density OD 6+
•full protection to the side parts
•wearable on top of glasses
When using a microscope, either laser safety goggles can be worn or it is possible to
install an eye safety filter firmly into the beam path of the microscope. Please note that
when using a beam splitter in the microscope, the eye safety filter is installed below
the beam splitter to protect all observers at same time.
The protection level(LB) for eye safety filters is determined by thestandard EN 60825-
1 (safety of laser equipment). The opticaldensity (OD) describes the attenuation of the
radiation through the filter.
The following eye safety filters from A.R.C. Laser GmbH are suitable fort the FOX IV
810 and can be seen as external accessories of the laser system:
•BG03017 –ZEISS Eye safety filter 800 –1100 nm / protection level D LB8/ Optical
density OD5
•BG03018 –LEICA Eye safety filter 800 –1100 nm / protection level D LB8/ Optical
density OD5
The eye safety filters must befirmly installed in the respective microscope and checked
by an employee of A.R.C. Laser GmbH or an authorized representative during instal-
lation.
A T T E N T I O N
Never look directly into the laser beam or in the light reflected by the laser beam.
This will cause damage to your eye.

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4.3 Electrical Protection
Never remove any housing parts. Any service to the device or its accessories may only
be carried out by authorized personnel by A.R.C. Laser GmbH.
The room in which the laser is operated should be kept dry. If cleaning is necessary,
please make sure the floor is dry before using the laser.
4.4 Explosion and Fire Hazard
Never work with the laser near flammable anesthetics, easily flammable solutions or
material. In particular, please remove combustible plastic or paper elements from and
around the working area of the laser. There is a fire or explosion hazard if the laser is
used in the presence of flammable materials, solutions, or gases or an oxygen-en-
riched environment.
4.5 Protection against Undesired Radiation
By the usage of a foot switch, the FOX IV 810 emits radiation. The foot switch should
never be outside the area of the attending doctor. It is forbidden for anyone other than
the attending doctor to trigger the foot switch.
Especially in operating theaters where there are multiple foot switches, it is important
to ensure that the laser foot switch is close to the laser device.
A T T E N T I O N
Never work with the device if you notice any visible damage.
Never work with the device if you notice any visible damage on the power plug, or if
you notice, that the wires have become exposed.

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4.6 NOHD Safety Distance
The NOHD (Nominal Ocular Hazard Distance) is the distance at which the irradiance
is equal to the exposure limit value of the cornea of the eye. The NOHD thus identifies
the danger area within which health damage to the eyeis to befeared if the laser beam
is directly and unprotected.
The NOHD is calculated according to EN 60825-1 and taking into account the permit-
ted power fluctuations (+/- 20%) according to EN 60601-2-22 using the following equa-
tion:
𝑁𝑂𝐻𝐷 =√4𝑃
𝑀𝑃𝐸∗ 𝜋 –𝐷𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝐵𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑙𝑒
𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒
Calculation of the maximum permissible irradiation (MPE) with an exposure time of
100s and a beam divergence φ=25.4°.
The result is:
MPE: 𝟑𝟏,𝟓𝟏 𝑾
𝒎𝟐
NOHD: 𝟏,𝟒𝟏 𝒎