Adaptec ACB-4525Z User manual

ACB-4525Z User's Manual
5-1/4" Winchester Disk Controller
SCSI to ESDI
@ adoptee, inc.

3.0 INSTALLATION
The ACB-4525Z is a self-contained circuit board. All logical and
electronic functions required for its normal operation are
contained on the circuit board. The ACB-4525Z is simple to
install, operate, and maintain.
3.1 UNPACKING
The ACB-4525Z is shipped in a protective carton with shock
absorbing material and static protecting material completely
surrounding the card. The carton should be examined for external
damage as it is opened. The cards were physically inspected when
packed. Any mechanical damage to the cards should be reported to
the shipper and to Adaptec as soon as possible.
CAUTION
All circuit boards containing VLSI circuitry have some
sensitivity to electrostatic discharge. The ACB-4525Z is no
exception. Proper handling precautions, including personnel
grounding and work surface grounding, should be taken to prevent
circuit stress which can cause premature circuit failure.
3.2 PREPARATION OF INSTALLATION AREA
The ACB-4525Z is generally designed into the host system or the
peripheral disk system. Proper attention should be given to the
location of the ACB-4525Z so the necessary ventilation,
installation clearances, and cabling paths are provided.
The power output is low enough that convective ventilation
will be sufficient if the air and surrounding surfaces are at a
temperature of 55 degrees Centigrade or less. If this
requirement cannot be met by the system enclosure in its worst
case environment, then the system enclosure must provide for
appropriate ventilation and cooling.
Care should be taken to support the card mechanically. Any
appropriate combination of the eight mounting holes provided can
be used, depending on the forces to which the system will be sub-
jected. No conductive material should come in contact with the
ACB-4525Z.
3-1

Installation clearances, for both the ACB-4525Z and the selected
power and signal cabling configuration, should be sufficient to
optimize system cost, manufacturability, and maintainability.
The ACB-4525Z emits a small amount of radio-frequency signals.
Extremely sensitive components, such as high-bandwidth analog
sensors, should be properly shielded from the ACB-4525Z. Normal
case construction is sufficient to shield the ACB-4525Z as
required by the FCC. If FCC compliance is required and the SCSI
leaves the box in which the ACB-4525Z is installed, the high-
frequency signals generated by normal SCSI operation may require
connector and cable shielding.
The ACB-4525Z and all other partially shielded electronic devices
are sensitive to high-power, high-frequency electrical or magne-
tic sources. The ACB-4525Z should be protected from such sources
while it is operating. In particular, unshielded switching power
supplies should be physically isolated from all electronic boards
and their interconnecting cables. External noise sources, such
as welding machines and radio transmitters, should be similarly
isolated from electronic systems. Cable and connector shielding
may be required in some environments.
An appropriate power source must be provided. Care should be
taken to prevent ground loops and other power disturbances.
Proper programming support must be provided to generate the
required command sequences. Additional program support must be
provided to manage the SCSI protocols. Use of the advanced
performance-oriented functions will require a more powerful SCSI
host adapter that supports disconnect/reconnect and arbitration.
Use of the advanced command functions requires expanded software
support. Adaptec's host adapters will provide the required SCSI
protocol services, but must receive the commands to be executed
from appropriate system software. Many other SCSI systems are
al so ava il abl e.
3.3 INSTALLATrON
The following steps are required for installation of the ACB-
4525Z into a system properly designed to accept it. These steps
are separate from any other testing and installation procedures
required by other portions of the system, but can often be done
in conjunction with those other installation steps.
1) Inspect the ACB-4525Z for obvious physical
installing.
damage before
2) Install proper jumpers (see Section 3.4) to enable the
desired ACB-4525Z functions and to define the address of
the ACB-4525Z on the SCSI Bus.
3) Install the ACB-4525Z with appropriate mounting hardware.
3-2

4) Make the required cable connections to the ACB-4525Z.
The cable connections are:
J1 - Power cable
JO - SCSI cable
J3, J4, -ESDI data cable (radial connections
as required)
J2 -ESDI control cable.
5) Install ESDI drives according to the manufacturer's
directions. The drives must have appropriate drive
select addresses and bus terminators set. The last ESDI
drive on the control cable daisy chain must be terminated.
6) Power on the system and perform any power-on test
procedures required by the system.
7) Format the attached drives. (See Section 3.7.)
NOTE:
IN A PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT, THE DRIVES MAY BE OPTIONALLY
FORMATTED BY A DEDICATED ACB-4525Z MANUFACTURING WORK STATION
BEFORE INSTALLATION. DUE TO THE INTELLIGENCE OF ESDI DRIVES, ALL
PARAMETERS ARE STORED ON THE DRIVE BY THE FORMATTING PROCEDURE,
FURTHER FORMATTING OR PARAMETER SPECIFICATION IS NOT REQUIRED
AFTER INSTALLATION. THE ACB-4525Z WILL AUTOCONFIGURE FROM THE
DRIVE PARAMETERS AT POWER-ON TIME.
8) Perform appropriate system test and verification procedures.
Errors related to drive operation, ACB-4525Z operation, SCSI
operation, and certain installation errors will be indicated
through the normal SCSI error presentation mechanism.
3.4 CONFIGURING THE ACB-4525Z
The ACB-4525Z has a number of options that must be selected by
the installation ,of hardware jumpers located at position J5 on
the controller. The function of each jumper pair is shown.
-------
P o 0 0
Diagnostics
N 0 0 M
Parity Enable
L 0 0 K
Disable Unit Attention
J o 0 I
Start Spindle
H o 0 G
Enable Zero Latency
F o 0 E SCSI Address
2'" 2
D 0 0 C
SCSI Address
2-1
B o 0 A
SCSI Address
2-D
-------
J5
3-3

Jumper settings for the ACB-4525S4000
-------
P o 0 0 Diagnostics
N o 0 M Parity Enable
L 0 0 K
Disable Unit Attention
J o 0 I
Start
Spindle
H o 0 G
Adaptec 5500/4000 Compatibility
F o 0 E
SCSI Address
2t' 2
D 0 0 C
SCSI Address
2~1
B o 0 A
SCSI Address 2°0
-------
J5
3.4.1
DIAGNOSTIC
MODE
The installation of the O-P jumper will cause the ACB-4525Z to
continuously repeat a diagnostic self-test. See Appendix B for
details of this self-test.
3.4.2 PARITY ENABLE
The installation of the M-N jumper will cause the ACB-4525Z to
check for bus out (data into the ACB-4525Z) parity errors. This
jumper should only be installed if all SCSI devices communicating
with the ACB-4525Z generate SCSI data parity. The ACB-4525Z will
always generate parity on bus in data transfers.
3.4.3 DISABLE UNIT ATTENTION
Normally the ACB-4525Z will support SCSI Unit Attention. To
allow normal operation with some hosts that do not support Unit
Attention, the installation of the L K jumper will disable Unit
Attention on the CCS mode. Unit Attention is also not supported
if the H G jumper is installed on the ACB-4525S4000.
3.4.4 START SPINDLE
Normally, the ACB-4525Z will issue a START SPINDLE command at
power up. However, with jumper I-J installed the initiator must
issue a START SPINDLE command before the drive will spin up. This
feature allows the initiator to control the power sequencing (and
peak surge current) of the attached drives.
3.4.5 ENABLE ZERO LATENCY (ACB-4525Z ONLY)
with jumper installed, the ACB-4525Z will default to zero latency
option set upon power up or SCSI reset. This option is reset via
mode select (page 6-42 ), or responding to Mify Data Pointer
message with "Message Reject." See 4.2.2.2.
3-4

3.4.5.1 ADAPTEC ACB-5500/4000 COMPATIBILITY (ACB-4525S4000)
When jumper G-H is installed, operation of the ACB-4525Z will
deviate from the Common Command Set specification in some areas.
This jumper provides a software protocol which is fully
compatible with the ACB-5500 and ACB-4000 families of hard disk
controllers.
The following is a short description of the command set
differences.
The REQUEST SENSE command will return only four bytes of sense
data. With the G-H jumper removed, the REQUEST SENSE command will
always return sense data in the extended sense format.
The FORMAT command will allow the specification of a data fill
pattern other than 6Ch and a defect list may be provided by the
host, but it will not be possible to use the manufacturer's
supplied defect list.
The REASSIGN BLOCK command is not implemented for use with the G-
H jumper installed.
The INQUIRY command will return a maximum of four data bytes.
The MODE SELECT and MODE SENSE commands will provide disk
information only, retry handling will be specified through the
SEND DIAGNOSTICS command.
The READ and WRITE BUFFER commands are implemented in a vendor-
unique manner with different op codes than the CCS specification.
For more detailed information on operation with the G-H jumper
installed, see Appendix C and/or an ACB-4000A or ACB-5500 User's
Manual.
3.4.6 SCSI BUS ADDRESS
The installation of jumpers A-B, C-D, and E-F set the SCSI bus
address for the ACB-4525Z. SCSI devices can have an address of
zero to seven, but no two devices on the same bus can have the
same address.
3.5 POWERING ON THE ACB-4525Z
Once the ACB-452SZ is properly configured, the controller may be
powered on. When power is supplied to the system, the controller
will enter a power-up mode and wait for a maximum of 18 seconds
for the drive to become ready. During the 18-second power-on
sequence, the controller performs a self-test and begins checking
for drives 0 and 1 to become ready. If the host sends a
command requiring access to a drive before it has become ready, a
DRIVE
NOT READY (04h) error will result. The controller will
then check for a ready status on the next command requiring
access to that drive.
3-5

If the drive does not come ready within 18 seconds after the
controller is powered on, the controller will not perform
automatic initialization if and when the drive becomes ready. To
perform this function, the host must use the Reinitialize Drive
option (60h) of the Send Diagnostic Command.
When a command is received and the drive is ready but not
initialized, the controller will read the drive's configuration
data before executing the command. Once a drive is formatted, the
host can determine the drive size (READ CAPACITY, 25h, command)
and self-configure without any driver software modification.
3.6 COMMUNICATING WITH THE ACB-4525Z
The SCSI bus is a simple bus to interface. However, a quick
reading of the SCSI spec may leave one lost due to its extreme
attention to detail. AI'so, some SASI-like controllers exist on
the market which allow some deviation from the ANSI/SCSI
protocol. The important point to remember in designing a drive
routine is that once the controller is started by the host, THE
CONTROLLER CONTROLS THE SCSI BUS. The controller drives the data
direction line (I/O), the phase lines (C/D and MSG) and initiates
data transfers (REQ). The host driver should make no assumptions
about the bus phases or byte counts. In addition, the controller
can (and will) change phases between operations while going
through intermediate phases. Thus, the phase lines (C/D and MSG)
are only valid when the controller asserts REQ. Do not write
your driver or allow your hardw~re to follow phases when REQ is
not active or it may be 'fooled' by phase changes between REQ.
Also, some other controllers only support six-byte commands, thus
some users have set up counters in their software to send a six-
byte command. Since the ACB-4525Z controller supports six- and
la-byte commands, the hardware/software should not count out
the command bytes but rather should send command bytes as long as
the controller requests them. Trust the controller; it 'knows'
how many bytes it needs.
The sequence of operations for a single command used in the
simplest of SCSI applications would be:
1) Select the controller onto the bus (wake it up). Be sure
Select remains asserted until the controller responds Busy.
2) Send the ACB-4525Z the appropriate command bytes until it
changes phases (do not count bytes). If too many or too
few bytes are REQuested, check for valid command op code
and proper SCSI REQ/ACK timing. To ensure 1:1 inter-
leave, the maximum REQ/ACK delay must be less than 280
nanoseconds.
3-6

3) If required, send/receive data until phase changes (do
not count bytes: the controller will determine data
direction) •
4) Receive (REQ/ACK cycle) one status byte
eval ua tion (see Section 4.5).
and save for
S) Receive (REQ/ACK cycle) one message
4.2) •
byte (see Section
6) Check
Check
error.
status byte. If Busy bit
bit set, send REQUEST
set, resend command; if
SENSE (03h) command to get
A sample MODE SELECT command is shown below for a hard-sectored
drive with two spare sectors per cylinder allocated for slipping
defects. A Mode Select Command is not required preceding the
Format Command when using the ACB-4525Z. The Mode Select Command
is only necessary if the host desires to modify any of the
changeable Mode Select parameters.
3-7

Step 1: MODE SELECT COMMAND
Hex Description
15 OP Code (iSh) for MODE SELECT
00 Command for LUN 0
00 Reserved
00 Reserved
lC Number of bytes appended (lCh)
00 Reserved
00
00
00
00
03
16
00
00
00
02
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
Extent Descriptor List
Reserved
Medium Type
Reserved
Block Descriptor length
Direct Access Device Format Parameters
Mode Select Page Code
Page Length to follow
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Alternate Sectors per zone (LSB)
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Track Skew (sectors to skew per track)
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
After the Mode Select has been transferred to the controller and
good completion status has been sent to the host, the drive may
be formatted.
3-8

Step 2: FORMAT UNIT COMMAND
Interleave of 1:1
Three spare sectors per cylinder
Hard-Sectored Drive
FORMAT UNIT command
Hex
Description
04 Op code (04h for FORMAT UNIT command)
00 Lun 0 No defect data list, format with known defect
information from primary and grown defect data lists
maintained by drive and controller and do not accept
a defect list from the host.
00 Reserved
00 High byte of interleave (must be 00)
01 Low byte of interleave
00 Reserved
The ACB-4525Z provides true device independence by automatically
formatting out all media defects by reading the manufacturer's
defect map at format time. The user may specify, through the
Mode Select command, the number of sectors per cylinder to be
left available for future use in expectation of field grown
defects. In the event of a grown defect, the Reassign Blocks
Command uses a spare sector in the same cylinder, or on maximum
cylinder - 1, to provide perfectly clean media. This intelligent
defect handling scheme eliminates performance degradation due to
media defects.
The ACB-4525Z allows the user to select the desired interleave
factor with the FORMAT UNIT command. The interleave can range
from one to the number of sectors-per-track. The number
represents the number of physical rotations of the disk which are
necessary to read an entire track of data.
3-9