AEMC powerpad 3945 User manual

I3-PHASE POWER QUALITY
ANALYZER
3945
ENGLISH User Manual
MODEL 3945
PowerPad
™
W
10V
RMS
0
-10
< t = – –.– ms V1= -0 V2= -0 V3= -0 >
3U
3V
3A
L1
L2
L3
THD CF
max
min
0.0 v 0.0 v 0.0 v
123
07/25/02
– – – – Hz 10:26 10 0
%

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................... 5
International Electrical Symbols ................................................................... 5
1.1 Receiving Your Shipment.................................................................... 5
1.2 Ordering Information ........................................................................... 6
1.2.1 Accessories and Replacement Parts..................................... 6
2. PRODUCT FEATURES............................................................... 7
2.1 Description .......................................................................................... 7
2.2 Control Functions ................................................................................ 8
2.3 Display .............................................................................................. 10
2.4 Battery Charge Status....................................................................... 12
3. SPECIFICATIONS ................................................................... 13
3.1 Reference Conditions ....................................................................... 13
3.2 Electrical Specifications .................................................................... 13
3.2.1 Voltage Inputs ...................................................................... 13
3.2.2 Current Inputs ...................................................................... 13
3.2.3 Accuracy Specifications (excluding current probes) ........... 14
3.2.4 Nominal Range of Use......................................................... 15
3.2.5 Power Supply....................................................................... 15
3.3 Mechanical Specifications................................................................. 16
3.4 Safety Specifications......................................................................... 16
3.4.1 Electrical Safety (per EN 61010-1) ...................................... 16
3.4.2 Electromagnetic Compatibility and Sensitivity ..................... 16
3.4.3 Mechanical Protection ......................................................... 16
3.5 AC Current Probe Model SR193 (with Model 3945) ......................... 17
3.6 AC Current Probe MN93 Probe (with Model 3945)........................... 18
3.7 AC Current Probe MN193 Probe (with Model 3945)......................... 19
3.8 AC Current Probe AmpFlex™ Probe (with Model 3945)................... 20
3.9 AC Current Probe MR Probe (with Model 3945)............................... 21
3.10 Three Phase 5A Adapter................................................................... 22
3.10.1 Connecting to a secondary current transformer (CT) ......... 22
3.10.2 Specifications (add PowerPad™ accuracy ±0.5% ± 1ct).... 23

4. OPERATION ............................................................................ 24
4.1 Instrument Configuration (set-up mode) ........................................... 24
4.1.1 Date / Time........................................................................... 25
4.1.2 Contrast / Brightness ........................................................... 25
4.1.3 Colors................................................................................... 26
4.1.4 Calculation Parameters ....................................................... 26
4.1.5 Electrical Hookup (electrical network).................................. 27
4.1.6 Current Sensors................................................................... 28
4.1.7 Baud Rate ............................................................................ 29
4.1.8 Recording ............................................................................ 29
4.1.9 Alarm.................................................................................... 31
4.1.10 Clear Memory ...................................................................... 32
4.1.11 Line Frequency .................................................................... 32
5. DISPLAY MODES .................................................................... 33
5.1 Waveform Mode................................................................................ 33
5.1.1 RMS Voltage Measurement on a Three-phase System....... 33
5.1.2 RMS Voltage Measurement on 3 Phases............................ 34
5.1.3 RMS Current Measurement on the 3 Phases and
Neutral Current of a Three Phase-4 Wire System ............... 35
5.1.4 Total Harmonic Distortion Measurement on One Phase...... 35
5.1.5 Minimum and Maximum Current Value Measurements ....... 36
5.1.6 Simultaneous Display of Current Measurements ................ 36
5.1.7 Phasor Diagram Display (Fresnal Diagram) ........................ 37
5.2 Harmonics Mode ............................................................................... 38
5.2.1 Single Phase and Phase-to-Phase Voltage Analysis........... 38
5.2.2 Single Phase and Phase-to-Phase Current Analysis........... 39
5.2.3 Power and Direction Flow Analysis...................................... 40
5.2.4 Harmonic Analysis in Expert Mode ...................................... 41
5.3 Power / Energy Mode ....................................................................... 42
5.3.1 Starting and Stopping Energy Totalization........................... 42
5.3.2 Button.......................................................................... 43
5.3.3 PF... Button .......................................................................... 43
5.4 Transient Mode ................................................................................. 44
5.4.1 Opening Previously Stored Transients ................................ 46
5.4.2 Storing the Trigger ............................................................... 46
5.5 Alarm Mode....................................................................................... 48

5.6 Recording Mode................................................................................ 49
5.6.1 Saving the Selected Parameters ......................................... 49
5.6.2 Selecting or Deleting a Record ............................................ 50
5.6.3 Selecting a Graphic Display for Recorded Measurements .. 51
5.7 Saving a Display ............................................................................... 54
5.8 Opening a Previously Saved Snapshot ............................................ 55
5.9 Printing.............................................................................................. 56
5.10 Help................................................................................................... 56
6. USING DATAVIEW®PRO ......................................................... 57
6.1 Introduction ....................................................................................... 57
6.2 Features............................................................................................ 58
6.3 Getting Started .................................................................................. 58
6.4 Minimum Computer Requirements ................................................... 58
6.5 Connecting the Model 3945 to your Computer ................................. 59
6.6 Starting DataView®............................................................................ 59
6.7 Configuring the Instrument................................................................ 61
6.7.1 General Functions ............................................................... 63
6.7.2 Set-up Configuration ............................................................ 64
6.7.3 PowerPad™ Display Configuration ..................................... 65
6.7.4 Alarm Conditions Configuration ........................................... 66
6.7.5 Recordings Configuration .................................................... 68
6.7.6 Transients Configuration...................................................... 69
6.7.7 EN50160 Configuration ....................................................... 70
6.8 Running the Test ............................................................................... 71
6.9 Real Time Windows .......................................................................... 72
6.9.1 Waveform, Harmonic Bar and Harmonic Text...................... 72
6.10 Downloading Data to Database ........................................................ 73
6.10.1 Photographs ........................................................................ 73
6.10.2 Alarms.................................................................................. 74
6.10.3 Transients ............................................................................ 75
6.10.4 Power/Energy ...................................................................... 76
6.10.5 EN50160.............................................................................. 77
6.10.6 Session Properties............................................................... 77

MAINTENANCE............................................................................. 79
7.1 Recharging and Changing the Battery.............................................. 79
7.2 Cleaning............................................................................................ 79
APPENDIX .................................................................................... 80
8.1 Mathematical Formulas for Various Parameters ............................... 80
8.1.1 Half-period Voltage and Current RMS Values...................... 80
8.1.2 MIN / MAX Values for Voltage and Current.......................... 80
8.1.3 Peak Values for Voltage and Current................................... 80
8.1.4 Peak Factors for Current and Voltage ................................. 81
8.1.5 1 sec RMS values for voltage and current........................... 81
8.1.6 Voltage and Current Unbalance........................................... 81
8.1.7 THD Calculation................................................................... 82
8.1.8 Calculation of Harmonic Bins............................................... 82
8.1.9 Distortion Factor Calculation (DF)........................................ 83
8.1.10 K Factor ............................................................................... 83
8.1.11 Different Power Levels 1 sec ............................................... 83
8.1.12 Ratios................................................................................... 84
8.1.13 Various Types of Energy ...................................................... 84
8.1.14 Hysteresis ............................................................................ 85

Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945 5
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Warning
• Never use on circuits with a voltage higher than 600V and an overvoltage
category higher than Cat. III.
• Use in indoor environments only.
• Only use accessories that are compliant with the safety standards
(IEC 664-1 Ed. 92) 600V max and overvoltage Cat. III.
• Only use factory specified replacement parts.
• Always disconnect the power cord, measurement leads and sensors
before replacing the battery.
International Electrical Symbols
This symbol signifies that the instrument is protected by double or rein-
forced insulation.
This symbol on the instrument indicates a WARNING and that the
operator must refer to the user manual for instructions before operating
the instrument. In this manual, the symbol preceding instructions indicates
that if the instructions are not followed, bodily injury, installation/sample and
product damage may result.
Risk of electric shock. The voltage at the parts marked with this symbol
may be dangerous.
1.1 Receiving Your Shipment
Make sure that the contents shipped are consistent with the packing list. Notify
your distributor of any missing items.
If the equipment appears to be damaged, file a claim immediately with the carrier
and notify your distributor at once, giving a detailed description of any damage.
Save the damaged packing container to substantiate your claim.
Do not use equipment which is damaged or appears to be damaged.

6 Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945
1.2 Ordering Information
PowerPad™ Model 3945 ................................................................Cat. #2130.74
Includes: Meter, (4) 10 ft color-coded voltage leads, (4) color-coded alligator clips, RS-232 DB9F
optical cable, NiMh battery, US power cord, DataView®Pro Software, carrying bag, user manual
and warranty card.
PowerPad™ Model 3945 with MN93 .............................................Cat. #2130.75
Includes: Meter, set of (3) 200A MN93 probes, (4) 10 ft color-coded voltage leads, (4) color-coded
alligator clips, RS-232 DB9F optical cable, NiMh battery, US power cord, DataView®Pro Software,
carrying bag, user manual and warranty card.
PowerPad™ Model 3945 with SR193............................................Cat. #2130.76
Includes: Meter, set of (3) 1000A SR193 probes, (4) 10 ft color-coded voltage leads, (4) color-
coded alligator clips, RS-232 DB9F optical cable, NiMh battery, US power cord, DataView®Pro
Software, carrying bag, user manual and warranty card.
PowerPad™ Model 3945 with AmpFlex™ 193-24 ........................Cat. #2130.77
Includes: Meter, set of (3) 3000A 24" AmpFlex™ 193-24 probes, (4) 10 ft color-coded voltage
leads, (4) color-coded alligator clips, RS-232 DB9F optical cable, NiMh battery, US power cord,
DataView®Pro Software, carrying bag, user manual and warranty card.
PowerPad™ Model 3945 with AmpFlex™ 193-36 ........................Cat. #2130.78
Includes: Meter, set of (3) 3000A 36" AmpFlex™ 193-36 probes, (4) 10 ft color-coded voltage
leads, (4) color-coded alligator clips, RS-232 DB9F optical cable, NiMh battery, US power cord,
DataView®Pro Software, carrying bag, user manual and warranty card.
1.2.1 Accessories and Replacement Parts
Set of 3, MN93 probes (200A)..........................................................Cat. #2140.09
Set of 3, SR193 probes (1000A) ......................................................Cat. #2140.10
Set of 3, 24" AmpFlex™ 193-24 probes (3000A) ............................. Cat. #2140.11
Set of 3, 36" AmpFlex™ 193-36 probes (3000A) .............................Cat. #2140.12
Set of 3, MR193 probes (1000A)......................................................Cat. #2140.13
Set of 3, MN193 probes (5A and 100A) ...........................................Cat. #2140.14

Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945 7
CHAPTER 2
PRODUCT FEATURES
2.1 Description
The PowerPad™ Model 3945 is a three-phase power quality analyzer that is easy-to-
use, compact and shock-resistant. It is intended for technicians and engineers to mea-
sure and carry out diagnostic work on one, two or three phase low voltage networks.
Users are able to obtain instant waveforms of an electrical network’s principal char-
acteristics, and also monitor their variation over a period of time. The multi-tasking
measurement system simultaneously handles all the measurement functions of the
various magnitudes, detection, continuous recordings and their display without any
constraints.
Features:
• Measurement of Vrms voltages up to 480V (phase-to-neutral) or 830V
(phase-to-phase) for two, three or four-wire systems.
• Measurement of Arms current up to 6500Arms.
• Frequency measurement of 50/60Hz (40Hz to 70Hz).
• Calculation of neutral current by vector summing of phase current for WYE
configurations.
• Calculation of Peak Factors for current and voltage.
• Calculation of the K Factor for transformers.
• Calculation of short-term flicker for voltage.
• Calculation of the phase unbalance for voltage and current.
• Measurement of harmonic angles and rates (referenced to the fundamental
or RMS value) for voltage, current or power, up to 50th harmonic.
• Calculation of overall harmonic distortion factors.
• Monitoring of the average value of any parameter, calculated over a period
running from 5 sec to 2 hrs.
• Measurement of active, reactive and apparent power per phase and their
totals.
• Calculation of the power, phase shift and tangent factor.
• Total power from a point in time, chosen by the operator.
• Recording, time stamping and characterization of disturbance (swells, sags
and interruptions, exceedence of power and harmonic thresholds).
• Detection of transients and recording of associated waveforms.

8 Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945
2.2 Control Functions
MODEL 3945
PowerPad
™
W
?
2
6 7
8
9
10
11
3
1
4
5
300V
RMS
0
-300
<t = 5.0ms V1= +0 V2= +0 V3= +0 >
3U
3V
3A
L1
L2
L3
THD CF
max
min
0.3 v 0.3 v 0.3 v
123
07/25/0249.99Hz 10:26 10 0 %
12
Figure 2-1
Over molded protective case.
Color LCD display with graphic representation of system parameters and
measurements
Six (6) function buttons used to modify the display mode.
Four (4) function buttons which allow the user to:
Access the instrument setup parameters (see § 4.1).
Take a snapshot of the current screen or access screens already
stored in the memory. Record associated waveform and power
measurement data.
Print the measurement results on an external printer.
Get help on the current display functions, in the language chosen by
the user.

Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945 9
ON / OFF button.
Three (3) current inputs on the top of the instrument to enable the use of
current sensors (MN, SR, AmpFlex™, and MR probes).
Four (4) voltage inputs.
RS-232 bidirectional optical output for transferring data to a PC (bidirectional)
or printing to a dedicated printer (DPU 414 - SEIKO).
AC Line power input.
Enter button.
Four (4) buttons that enable movement of the cursor, browsing or the selec-
tion of data.
Buttons for directly accessing the 6 display modes at any time:
Transients (set recording or view recorded transient):
• displays waveforms such as, motor startup current (INRUSH) and
interruptions
Harmonics View:
• representation of the harmonic ratios of voltage, current and
power, for each harmonic through the 50th
• determination of harmonic current produced by non-linear loads
• analysis of the problems caused by harmonics according to their
order (heating of neutrals, conductors, motors, etc.)
Waveforms View:
• displays voltage and current waveforms or vector representation
(Phasor diagram)
• identification of signal distortion signatures
• display of amplitude and phase unbalance for voltage and current
• checking connections for correct phase order
Power / Energy (view or start energy monitoring):
• display of power levels and the associated parameters
(power factor, displacement and tangent)
• energy monitoring
• four quadrant measurement to discern produced/consumed
active energies and inductive/capacitive reactive energies
Recording (set recording or view recorded data):
• time-related representation as bar charts or curves, of average
power levels or of the average value of any parameter
• line voltage stability check
• management of power consumed and generated
• monitoring of harmonic variations

10 Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945
Alarm:
• provides a list of the alarms recorded according to the thresholds
programmed during configuration
• logging of interruption with half-cycle resolution
• determination of energy consumption exceedences
2.3 Display
300V
RMS
0
-300
<t= 5.0ms V1= +276 V2= -140 V3= -145 >
3U
3V
3A
L1
L2
L3
THD CF
max
min
5
2
1
3
4
202.5 v 202.0 v 202.7 v
123
07/25/0249.99Hz 10:26 10 0 %
Figure 2-2
Top display bar indicates:
• Symbol of the tested mode (e.g., , , , etc)
• Frequency of measured signal
• Memory capacity status bar (only available in certain modes)
• Current date and time
• Battery charge status
Measured RMS values associated with waveforms.

Values of signals at an instant “t”, at the intersection of cursor and the waveforms.
The cursor can be moved along the time scale by pressing the buttons.

Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945 11
Measurement selection:
RMS True RMS Measurement
THD Total Harmonic Distortion
CF Crest Factor
max/min Maximum and Minimum values
Simultaneous display of the various measurements
in alphanumeric form
Phasor diagram
The calculation of the DPF, Tan, KF, Φ, UNB, Min, Max, VAR,
Harmonics, PST, and DF parameters and the frequency mea-
surement can only be performed if voltage is applied to the Ch1
voltage input.
Selection of waveforms to be displayed (use the buttons to select):
• 3U displays the 3 phase-to-phase voltages U1-2, U2-3, U3-1
• 3V displays the 3 phase-to-neutral voltages V1N, V2N, V3N
• 3A displays the 3 phase currents
• 4A displays the 3 phase currents and the neutral current
• L1, L2 or L3 displays the voltage and current, on phase 1, 2 or 3, when
selected
Protocol:
U: Signifies phase-to-phase voltage
V: Signifies phase-to-neutral voltage
L1, L2, L3: Refer to the phases (A,B,C or other)

12 Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945
2.4 Battery Charge Status
Battery Charging
25%
• Battery capacity level relative to full charge
• % of total capacity already charged (between 0 and 99%)
• Battery sign and % are blinking
Battery Full
100%
• Battery sign and % are fixed
• % of total capacity is at 100%
Battery Discharging
25%
• Battery capacity level relative to full charge
• % of the remaining capacity
• Battery sign and % are fixed
Battery Empty Discharging
0%
• % of total capacity reads 0%
• Battery sign and % are fixed
New Battery Charging
?
• Fixed battery capacity level
• Question mark showing unknown capacity level
• Battery sign and % are blinking
New Battery Discharging
?
• Fixed battery capacity level
• Question mark showing unknown capacity level
• Battery sign and % are fixed
WARNING:
The battery may fully discharge when recording for long periods of time
while not connected to a power supply. The PowerPad™ will continue to
record for some time, even if below the minimum battery charge value.
However, the display may not come back on, and will eventually stop
saving data when the battery is too low. All data recorded will be saved.
If in the Record Mode, and the display does not come ON, do not turn the
instrument OFF/ON. Supply power to the PowerPad™ with the line cord
and the display will come back ON when any button (other than ON/OFF)
is pressed.
NOTE: Line cord is plugged in
NOTE: Line cord may or may not
be plugged in
NOTE: Line cord is not plugged in
NOTE: Line cord is not plugged in
NOTE: Line cord is plugged in
NOTE: Line cord is not plugged in

Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945 13
CHAPTER 3
SPECIFICATIONS
3.1 Reference Conditions
Parameter Reference Conditions
Ambient temperature 73°F ± 5°F (23°C ± 3°C)
Humidity 45% to 75% RH
Atmospheric pressure 25.4" Hg to 31.3" Hg (860 to 1060 hPa)
Phase voltage 230Vrms and 110Vrms ±2% without DC
Clamp current circuit input voltage 0.01V to 1Vrms without DC (<0.5%)
AmpFlex™ current circuit input voltage 3.9mV to 118mVrms without DC (<0.5%)
Current input voltage detection threshold 0.001 In
Frequency of electricity network 50 and 60Hz ± 0.1Hz
V/I phase shift 0° active power / 90° reactive power
Harmonics <0.1%
The uncertainties given for power and energy measurements are maximum for Cos ϕ= 1 or Sin ϕ= 1
and are typical for the other phase shifts.
NOTE: The symbol “U” will be used throughout this manual and in the instrument
to refer to phase-to-phase voltage measurement.
The symbol “V” will be used for phase-to-neutral voltage measurement.
3.2 Electrical Specifications
Sampling Frequency (256 samples per cycle):
12.8kHz samples/sec per channel @ 50Hz
15.36kHz samples/sec per channel @ 60Hz
3.2.1 Voltage Inputs
Operating Range: Phase-Phase - 830Vrms AC/DC
Phase-Neutral - 480Vrms AC/DC
Input Impedance: 338kΩbetween phase and neutral
Overload: 1.2Vn permanently; 2Vn for 1 sec (Vn = nominal voltage)
3.2.2 Current Inputs
Operating Range: 0 to 1V
Input Impedance: 1MΩfor current probe circuit and 12.4kΩfor AmpFlex™ circuit
Overload: 1.7V

14 Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945
3.2.3 Accuracy Specifications (excluding current probes)
Function Range Display
Resolution Accuracy
Frequency 40 to 69Hz 0.01Hz ±0.01Hz
Single phase RMS voltages
(Vrms, Vdem) 6V to 480V 0.1V ±0.5% ± 2cts
Phase-to-phase RMS voltages
(Urms, Udem) 10V to 830V 0.1V ±0.5% ± 2cts
DC voltage component 6V to 100V 0.1V ±1% ± 2cts
Single phase peak voltages
(Vpp, Vpm) 6V to 680V 0.1V ±1% ± 5cts
Phase-to-phase peak voltages
(Upp, Upm) 10V to 1360V 0.1 V if I < 1000 V 1 V if I ≥1000 V ±1% ± 5cts
Current probe (Arms, Adem) Inom/1000 to 1.2 Inom 0.1 A if I < 1000 A
1 A if I ≥1000 A ±0.5% ± 2cts
AmpFlex™ (Arms, Adem) 10A to 6500A 0.1 A if I < 1000 A
1 A if I ≥1000 A ±0.5% ± 1A
DC current (MR193) 1A to 1200A 0.1 A if I < 1000 A
1 A if I ≥1000 A ±(1% + 1A)
Peak Current (App, Apm) 0 to 1.7 x Inom 0.1 A if I < 1000 A
1 A if I ≥1000 A ±(1% + 1A)
Peak Current (AmpFlex™) 10 to 9190A 0.1 A if I < 1000 A
1 A if I ≥1000 A ±(1% + 1A)
Crest Factor (Vcf, Ucf, Acf) 1.00 to 9.99 0.01 ±1% ± 2cts
Real Power (W)
Clamp-on and AmpFlex™
Clamp-on
AmpFlex™
0W to 9999kW
Cos ϕ ≥ 0.8
Cos ϕ 0.2 to < 0.8
Cos ϕ 0.5 to < 0.8
4 digits
(10000cts) ±1% ± 1ct
±1.5% ± 10cts
±1.5% ± 10cts
Reactive Power (VAR)
Clamp-on and AmpFlex™
Clamp-on
AmpFlex™
0W to 9999kW
Sin ϕ ≥ 0.5
Cos ϕ 0.2 to < 0.8
Cos ϕ 0.5 to < 0.8
4 digits
(10000cts) ±1% ± 1ct
±1.5% ± 10cts
±1.5% ± 10cts
Apparent Power (VA) 0VA to 9999kVA 4 digits ±1% ± 1ct
Power Factor (PF, DPF) -1.000 to 1.000
Cos ϕ ≥ 0.5
Cos ϕ 0.2 to < 0.5
0.001
±1.5% ± 1ct
±1.5% ± 1ct
Tangent (Tan) for VA ≥ 50VA -32.76 to 32.76 0.001 Tan ϕ < 10
0.01 Tan ϕ < 10
±1° on ϕ
±1° on ϕ
Active Energy (Wh)
Clamp-on and AmpFlex™
Clamp-on
AmpFlex™
0Wh to 9999MWh
Cos ϕ ≥ 0.8
Cos ϕ 0.2 to < 0.8
Cos ϕ 0.5 to < 0.8
4 digits
(10000cts) ±1% ± 1ct
±1.5% ± 1ct
±1.5% ± 1ct
Reactive Energy (VARh)
Clamp-on
0VARh to 9999MVARh
Sin Φ ≥ 0.5
Cos Φ 0.2 to < 0.5
4 digits
±1.5% ± 1ct
±2.5% ± 1ct
Reactive Energy (VARh)
AmpFlex™
0VARh to 9999MVARh
Sin ϕ ≥ 0.5
Cos ϕ 0.2 to < 0.5
4 digits
±1.5% ± 1ct
±2.5% ± 1ct
Apparent Energy (Vah) 0VAh to 9999MVAh 4 digits ±1% ± 1ct

Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945 15
Function Range Display
Resolution Accuracy
Unbalance (Vunb, Aunb)
three phase supply 0% to 100% 0.1% ±1% ± 1ct
Phase angle (V/I; I/I; V/V)
-179° to +180° 1° ±2° ± 1ct
Harmonics ratios
F = 40 to 69Hz
(Vrms > 50V)
(rms > Inom/100)
0% to 999%
1 to 50th harmonic 0.1% ±1% + 5cts
Harmonics angles
F = 40 to 69Hz
(Vrms > 50V)
(rms > Imax/100)
-179° to +180°
1 to 25
26 to 50
1° ±3°
±10°
Total harmonics distortion
(Vthd, Athd, Uthd)
0% to 999%
50th harmonic 0.1% ±1% + 5cts
Current K factor (Akf) 1 to 99.99 0.01 ±5% ± 1ct
Voltage flicker (Vflk) 0.00 to 9.99 0.01 not specified
3.2.4 Nominal Range of Use
Harmonics: THD (I) : 40%; THD (U) : 20%
Magnetic field: <40.0A/m (Earth’s magnetic field)
Electrical field: <3V/m
3.2.5 Power Supply
AC Power (internal power supply)
Operating Range: 230VAC ± 20% and 110VAC ± 20%
Max Power: 30VA
Battery Power Supply (allows use in the event of a power interruption)
Type: NiMH 3800 mAh
Output: 4-wire (2 for temperature probe)
Raged Voltage: 9.6V
Charge Time: 3 hrs 30 min approx
Battery Life: >6 hrs with display on
≤96 hrs with display off (recording mode)
Operating Temperature: 32° to 122°F (0° to 50°C)
Recharging Temperature: 50° to 104°F (10° to 40°C)
Storage Temperature: -4 to +122°F (-20 to +50°C)
NOTE: The battery starts to charge when the power cord is connected.
When the battery is charged, the instrument uses the current supplied
by the power supply, without drawing from the battery.

16 Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945
3.3 Mechanical Specifications
Dimensions: 9.5 x 7.0 x 2.0" (240 x 180 x 55mm)
Weight: 4.6 lb (2.1kg)
Altitude: Operating: 0 to 2000 meters (6560 ft)
Non-Operating: 0 to 10,000 meters (32800 ft)
Temperature and % RH:
0
10
45
75
90
95
122957968
-4 32
Temperature in °F
Reference Range
Operating Range
Storage Range
Relative humidity in % RH
3.4 Safety Specifications
3.4.1 Electrical Safety (per EN 61010-1)
- Double insulation:
- 600Vrms, Cat. III, Pollution Degree 2
3.4.2 Electromagnetic Compatibility and Sensitivity
- Immunity and Emission: EN 61236 - 1 amendment 1
- Electrostatic discharges: IEC 1000-4-2
- Radiation field resistance: IEC 1000-4-3
- Fast transients resistance: IEC 1000-4-4
- Electric shock resistance: IEC 1000-4-5
- Conducted RF interference: IEC 1000-4-6
3.4.3 Mechanical Protection
- Shock and Vibration: per EN 61010-1
- Impermeability: IP 50 per EN 60529
(electrical IP2X for the terminals)

Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945 17
3.5 AC Current Probe Model SR193 (with Model 3945)
Nominal Range: 1000AAC for f ≤1kHz
Measurement Range: 3A to 1200AAC (I >1000A not continuously)
NOTE: Currents below X will be displayed as zero on the PowerPad™ with this probe
Probe Output Signal: 1mVAC/AAC
Maximum Clamping Diameter: 2" (52mm)
Safety: EN 61010-2-032, 600V, CAT III, POLL 2
Reference Conditions:
Ambient temperature 73°F (23°C) ± 5°F (3°C)
Humidity 45 to 75% of RH
Frequency 48 to 65Hz
Distortion factor <1% no DC current
Magnetic field of external origin <40 A/m (earth’s magnetic field)
Accuracy*
NOTE: Add PowerPad™ accuracy ±0.5% ± 1ct
Primary current (AAC) 3 to 10A 10 to 100A 100 to 1200A
Accuracy (% of the output signal) ≤0.8% ≤0.3% ≤0.2%
Phase shift (°) ≤1° ≤0.5° ≤0.3°
* Logarithmic interpolation between each specified value
Factors affecting accuracy (% of the output signal)
Conditions Range Error
Temperature 14° to 122°F (-10° to 50°C) ≤200 ppm/°C or
0.2% per 10°C
Relative humidity 10 to 90% <0.1%
Frequency
30 to 48Hz
65 to 1000Hz
1 to 5kHz
<0.5%
<1%
<2%
Positions of the cable in the jaws – <0.1% @
≤400Hz
Adjacent conductor carrying a 60Hz
AC current
Conductor in contact
with the sensor ≤0.5mA/A
Crest factor distortion ≤6 and current
≤3000A peak <1%
DC current distortion ≤15ADC on the
nominal AC current <1%
Overload: Frequency derating beyond 1kHz:
I max ≤1000A x f (in kHz)
1

18 Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945
3.6 AC Current Probe MN93 Probe (with Model 3945)
Nominal Range: 200AAC for f ≤ 1kHz
Measurement Range: 2A to 240AAC (I > 200A not permanent)
NOTE: Currents below X will be displayed as zero on the PowerPad™ with this
probe
Probe Output Signal: 5mVAC/AAC
Maximum Clamping Diameter: 0.8” (20mm)
Safety: EN 61010-2-032, 600V, CAT III, POLL 2
Reference Conditions:
Ambient temperature 73°F (23°C) ± 5°F (3°C)
Humidity 20 to 75% of RH
Frequency 48 to 65Hz
Distortion factor <1% no DC current
Magnetic field of external origin <40 A/m (earth’s magnetic field)
Accuracy
NOTE: Add PowerPad™ accuracy ±0.5% ± 1ct
Primary current (AAC) 2 to 10A 10 to 100A 100 to 240A
Accuracy
(% of the output signal) ≤5% ± 5mV ≤2.5% ± 5mV ≤1% ± 5mV
Phase shift (°) ≤15° ≤3° ≤2°
Factors affecting accuracy (% of the output signal)
Conditions Range Error
Temperature 14° to 122°F (-10° to 50°C) ≤150 ppm/K or
0.15% per 10K
Relative humidity 10 to 90% < 0.2%
Frequency response 40Hz to 10kHz 40Hz to 1kHz: <3%
1 to 10kHz: <12%
Positions of the cable in the jaws – <0.5% to 50/60Hz
Adjacent conductor carrying a
60Hz AC current
Conductor in contact with
the sensor ≤15mA/A
DC current distortion <20ADC on the
nominal AC current <5%
Crest factor distortion ≤3 and peak current = 200A ≤3%
Overload: Frequency derating beyond 1kHz:
I max ≤1000A x f (in kHz)
1

Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945 19
3.7 AC Current Probe MN193 Probe (with Model 3945)
The MN193 is designed to work with secondary current transformers.
Best accuracy is available when entering the transformer ratio (e.g. 1000/5A)
Nominal Range: 5A and 100AAC
Measurement Range: 5A: 0.005A to 5AAC; 100A: 0.1A to 100AAC
NOTE: Currents below X on the 5A range and Y on the 100A range will be dis-
played as zero on the PowerPad™ with this probe
Probe Output Signal: 5A: 200mV/AAC; 100A: 10mV/AAC
Maximum Clamping Diameter: 0.8” (20mm)
Safety: NF EN 61010-2-032, 600V, CAT III, POLL 2
Reference Conditions:
Ambient temperature 73°F (23°C) ± 5°F (3°C)
Humidity 20 to 75% of RH
Frequency 48 to 65Hz
Distortion factor <1% without superimposed DC current
Magnetic field of external origin <40 A/m (earth’s magnetic field)
Accuracy Specifications
NOTE: Add PowerPad™ accuracy ±0.5% ± 1ct
Range: 10mV/A (1V @ 100Arms)
Primary current (in AAC) 0.1A to 1A 1A to 120A
Accuracy (% of the output signal) ≤1% ±2mA ≤1%
Phase shift (°) ≤3.2° ≤2.2°
Overload: 120A continuous
Range: 200mV/A (1V @ 5Arms)
Primary current (in AAC) 5mA to 50mA 0.05A 0.5A 5A
Accuracy (% of the output signal) ≤1.5% ±0.1mA ≤1.5% ≤1% ≤1%
Phase shift (°) ≤6.5° ≤5° ≤4.5° ≤4°
Overload: 12A continuous