15.1 What*is*Atrial*Fibrillation?*
The*most*common*type*of*non-sinus*tachyarrhythmia*is*atrial*fibrillation.*In*this*
case,*disorganized*electrical*impulses*that*originate*in*the*atria*and*pulmonary*
veins*initiate*the*electrical*activity*in*the*conduction*system*of*the*heart.*This*
causes*what*are*commonly*termed*as*“irregularly*irregular”*heart*beats.*
*
When*a*heart*is*in*atrial*fibrillation,*its*two*upper*chambers,*the*right*and*left*
atria*essentially*quiver,*instead*of*beating*efficiently.*This*does*not*allow*for*
complete*emptying*of*the*atria*and*thus,*blood*may*become*stagnant*and*create*
blood*clots.*This*can*lead*to*major*problems,*namely,*strokes,*transient*ischemic*
attacks*(TIAs),*and*pulmonary*emboli*(PEs);*depending*which*chamber*of*the*
heart*has*the*blood*clot*in*it.*
*
Approximately*15*percent*of*strokes*occur*in*people*with*atrial*fibrillation.*As*age*
increases*in*a*population,*so*too*does*the*incidence*of*atrial*fibrillation,*which*
peaks*at*about*3-5%*in*people*over*the*age*of*65.*
*
The*most*common*presenting*symptoms*of*atrial*fibrillation*are*palpitations,*
dizziness,*fast*pulse*rate,*irregularly*irregular*rhythm,*an*abnormal*heart*sound*
(S1),*chest*pain,*chronic*shortness*of*breath,*abnormal*jugular*venous*pressure,*
fatigue,*and*impaired*exercise*tolerance.*Other*symptoms*related*to*TIAs*and*
strokes*may*be*the*initial*symptoms*of*atrial*fibrillation.*
*
Some*of*the*most*common*causes*of*atrial*fibrillation*are*long-standing*
hypertension,*congestive*heart*disease,*cardiac*valvular*lesions,*myocardial*
infarctions,*history*of*coronary*artery*bypass*grafts,*hyperthyroidism,*alcohol*
abuse,*smoking,*diabetes*mellitus,*and*electrolyte*imbalances.*
*
15.2 AF,*Normal,*and*Unreadable*Recordings*in*EKG*review*screen*and*Journal*
All*tracings*analyzed*as*positive*for*atrial*fibrillation,*normal*or*unreadable*will*
have*a*tag*for*future*review.*The*Kardia*phone*app*may*display*the*“Unclassified”*
message*for*a*tracing*that*is*not*Normal*and*not*AF,*and*interference*was*not*
detected.*An*example*of*an*unclassified*tracing*is*one*where*tachycardia*is*
observed.*These*tags*will*be*visible*in*the*Journal*screen,*Data*Entry*screen,*and*
the*EKG*review*screens.*
*
15.3 Activation*of*the*Detectors*
The*Unreadable*and*Unclassified*Detectors*can*be*turned*on*or*off*in*the*settings*
of*the*Kardia*phone*app.*
*