Atair Canopies DRAGON User manual

www.AtairCanopies.comDragonUserManualPage1AtairCanopiesCanopyUserManualVersion1.0–December2007

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Disclaimer:Thefollowinginformationmustbereadandunderstoodbeforeanyuseofthisequipment.Theuserknowstherisksofskydivingandacceptsthat:Skydivingcausesdeathsandseriousinjuries.Manyofthesedeathsandinjuriescanbeattributedtoequipmentmalfunctions.Skydivingequipmentcanfail,eveniftheusertakesallpossibleprecautions.Failuretoopenthemainorreserveparachute(ortofollowemergencyprocedures)atasafealtitude,and/orequipmentfailurescanresultinsevereinjuryordeath.Itistheuser‘sresponsibilityto:•Receivepropertrainingbeforeanyuseofallskydivingequipment.•Beextremelycarefulandcautious.•Readandunderstandallowner’sandoperationsmanualsforallskydivingequipment.•Checkallskydivingequipmentandreplaceanydefectiveorworncomponentpriortouse.•Reviewemergencyproceduresbeforeeachuseofthisandallskydivingequipment.•Checkequipmentwarnings-donotexceedequipmentlimitations.•Neverviolatethetrainingandexperiencerequirementsforthespecificequipmentinuse.Becauseoftheunavoidabledangersinvolvedintheuseofthisandallparachuteequipment,Atair(including,butnotlimitedto,allowners,officers,staffandemployees)makesnowarrantiesofanykind,expressedorimplied.Itissoldwithallfaultsandwithoutanywarrantyoffitnessforanypurpose.Byusingthisequipmentorallowingittobeusedbyothers,owner/buyerwaivesanyliabilityofAtairforpersonalinjuries,deathordamagesfromsuchuse.Anypromisesorrepresentationsinconsistentwith,orinadditionto,thisstatementofwarrantyarenotauthorizedbyAtairandshallbenotbinding.Skydivingisahigh-riskactivity,whichmaycauseorresultinseriousinjuryordeath.

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Sections:Pages:1.Howtousethismanual62.IntroducingAtair73.FeaturesofyourDragoncanopy84.RecommendedSizing&Wingloading94.1:Pickingtherightcanopy9-115.Atair2-StageOpeningTechnology11-126.SettingUpYourDragonCanopy13-186.1:ToggleAssembly177.Recommendeddrillsforfirstflight19-208.PackingyourDragonCanopy21-438.1:Pre-Packing21-258.1:PackingtheDragon25-439.HighPerformanceLandings44–4510.InspectingandMaintainingyourEquipment46-4710.1:Cleaningyourcanopy4710.2:Storage48AppendixA:ContactInfoAppendixB:Recommendedreading

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DearValuedCustomer,We’dliketothankyouforpurchasinganewAtairCanopy.We’reconfidentyou’llbepleasedwithitineverywayandthatyou’llenjoyhowitopens,fliesandlands.Weaskyouandyourriggertocarefullyinspectyournewcanopytocompletelyfamiliariseyourselfwithitsfeaturesandthequalityworkmanship.Shouldyoufindanythingthatdoesnotseemrightorifyouhaveanyquestionspleasedon’thesitatetocontactus.ThankyouagainforselectinganAtaircanopy.Withpropercareitshouldlastmanyyearsandhundredsofjumps.BlueSkies!StaneKrajncTheAtairCanopiesTeamCAUTION!:Pleasereadthismanualregardlessofyourskydivingexperienceorhowmanyjumpsyouhave.

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ReadBeforeAssemblyorUseSinceparachutesaremanufacturedandinspectedbypeople,thereisalwaysthepossibilitythisparachutecontainsdefectsasaresultofhumanerror.Therefore,theentireparachutesystem–mainandreservecanopies,harness,container,andothercomponents–mustbethoroughlyinspectedbeforetheiruseandbeforeeachsubsequentuse.Parachutesgetweakerovertimeforanumberofreasons.Theyreceivewearduringpacking,deploymentandlanding.Exposuretomanyagents,includingsunlight,heatandhouseholdchemicals,significantlyweakenparachutes.Thedamagemayormaynotbeobvious.Tohelpminimizetheriskofparachutefailureandpossibleseriousinjuryordeath,theentireparachutesystemshouldbethoroughlyinspectedatleastevery120daysor50jumps,whichevercomesfirst.Itshouldbeimmediatelyinspectedifatanytimeitisexposedtoadegradingelement,unusuallyhardopening,oratanytimedamagemaybesuspected.Rememberthatsomechemicalswillcontinuetodegradetheparachutelongaftertheirinitialexposure.Regularandthoroughinspectionsarenecessarytoinsurestructuralintegrity,reliability,andflightcharacteristicsofthesystemaremaintained.Alwaysknowtheentirelifehistoryofeverypartofyourparachutesystem.Thatwayyou’llknownoparthasbeenexposedtoanelementthatmayseriouslyweakenordamageit.

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Section1:HowtousethismanualWeknowyouareexcitedtoreceiveyournewcanopyandwillmostlikelybepackingitnowasyoureadthismanual.Butpleasetaketimetoreadthismanualcompletely,regardlessofyourexperiencelevel!Youwilllearnabout:Howtoassemble,packandsafelyuseyour:Thegreatnewfeaturesofyour:Howtogetthemostoutofyour:Howtotakecareofyour:WARNINGATAIRDRAGONCANOPY-USERMANUALThismanualisnotacourseofinstructiononhowtomakeaparachutejump,nordoesitcontainregulationsthatgovernsportparachutingandrelatedactivities.

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Section2:IntroducingAtairwww.AtairCanopies.comorwww.BaseTroll.comAtairwasfoundedin1992byStaneKrajncandhiswifeMagdalenainSlovenia.Withastrongbackgroundinparaglidingdesign,Atairwasformedtosupplytheparaglidingindustrywithreservecanopies.Withastrongpassionforbothparaglidingandskydiving,AtairnaturallydedicatedtheirresourcestodevelopingnewtechnologicaladvancesinSkydivingandBASEcanopies.TodateAtairhasmanufacturedover12,000roundsandseveralthousandskydivingandBASEcanopies.Inthepast,Ataircanopieshavebeensoldthroughprivatelabelling(Alpha,Ace,Viper,Impulse,Space,etc.).NowalloftheAtairproductsareavailabledirectlyfromAtair.StaneKrajnc,theownerofAtairhasbeeninvolvedinairsportsforthepast30years.In1973Stanedesigned,constructedandflewhisownhangglider.Hehasnowaccumulatedthousandsofhoursonhanggliders&paragliders,700skydivesandover300BASEjumps.AtairdoesnotonlymakecanopiesforskydivingandBASEjumping,recentspecialprojectshaveincluded:•Specialisedlargecanopies,forcargoapplications•Dragchuteforaspeedskiingworldrecord•SpeciallowglideratiocanopyforacaveBASEjump

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Section3:FeaturesofyourDragonCanopyAtairisproudtointroducetheDragoncanopy.TheDragonisastateofthearttapered7-cellcanopythathasbeendesignedforarangeofexperiencelevels.WithalightwingloadingtheDragonmakesagreatfirstcanopy,withahigherwingloadingtheDragonwillsatisfyexperiencedjumpers,especiallyprofessionalskydiversandvideomen.TheDragoniseasytofly&pack,withsoftopenings,goodspeedrange,lowfrontriserpressureandlongpowerfulflare.TheDragoncanbeflownconservativelyandlandseasilyevenonstraightinapproachesbutitcanalsobeflownaggressivelyandoffersniceswoops.Highgradezeroporosityfabricandtopclassmanufacturingguaranteeacanopythatperformsexcellentlyandwillkeepdoingsoformanyhundredsofflights.MissionoftheDragonCanopyA7cellTaperedCanopythathas:•Atair2-stagedeploymenttechnology-consistentsoftonheadingopenings•Excellentflarepower•Lowfrontriserpressure•ResponsivetoggleturnsFeaturesoftheDragon•OptimiseddesigncreatedusingspecialisedCADsoftware•HighqualitylonglastingZPmaterial•SpectreorVectranlines•Firstclassproductionquality•Specialsliderdesigntofurtherimproveopeningconsistency•Taperedtrailingedge

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Section4:RecommendedSizing&WingloadingTheDragonisavailableinfivepreciselyscaledsizes:(Note–Atairmeasuressurfaceareabymeasuringthespanxchordofthebottomskin.StaneKrajnc,thedesigneroftheDragonfeelsthatthismeasurementbestrepresentsaflyingcanopy)*135ft.2=PIAspec145ft.2*150ft.2=PIAspec160ft.2*170ft.2=PIAspec180ft.2*190ft.2=PIAspec200ft.2*210ft.2=PIAspec220ft.2DragonCanopySpecifications:Model135150170190210NumberofCells77777MinSuspendweightkg5060707886MaxSuspendweightkg8090100105110PackVolumein3370410465495520ProjectedSurfaceaream212,013,615,216,818,8InflatedSurfaceaream213,014,616,318,120,3Section4.1:PickingtheRightCanopyItisimportantforyoursafetyandenjoymentthatyoumatchyourcanopywithyourabilityandweight.Ourcanopiesarebuiltinseveralmodelsthatspanawiderangeofcanopysurfacearea.Anycanopy’sdecentrateandforwardspeedincreasesastheweightitiscarrying-theso-calledsuspendedweight–increases.Thecanopyalsobecomesmoreresponsiveasforwardspeedincreases.ItalsoreactsmoreDragonlywhenitisstalledorturned.Becauseoftheseaerodynamicfacts,itisunsafetoputtoomuchweightunderanyparticularcanopy.Safeandcomfortablelandingswillbedifficulttoobtain,evenforexperiencedjumpersunderidealconditions.Lessexperiencedjumperswillhaveanevenhardertimeandbeatgreaterrisk.Determiningthe“wingloading”oftheparachuteyouintendtojumporbuyisagoodguidetomatchingyourweighttoaparticularcanopy.Wingloadingiseasilycalculatedbydividingthetotalsuspendedweightinpoundsbythesurfaceareaofthecanopyinsquarefeet.Totalsuspendedweightistheweightofthejumperplusallhisclothingandgear–includingthemainparachuteitself.

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Thesurfaceareaofourcanopiesisprintedonthedatapanel,onthecentrerib,oronthecentrecelltopsurfacenearthetail.(Besuretoactuallycheckthedatapanel–canopiesofdifferentsizesmaybethesame.)Atypicalskydivingrigweighs20–30lb.Addthis,plustheweightofyourjumpsuit,clothingandaccessoriestoyourbodyweighttogetthetotalsuspendedweight.Forexample,ajumperwhoweighs165lbwithhisjumpsuitonandwhojumpsapackedrigthatweighs25lbwouldhaveasuspendedweightof190lb.Here’sanexampleofhowtocalculatewingloadingofa210sq.ft.canopyandthejumperusedintheexampleabove:190lb/210sq.ft=0.9lb/sq.ft.Calculatethewingloadingnowforthecanopyyouintendtojump.Ifthisfigureisbelow0.9theparachutewillberelativelydocileandeasytoland.Itwillalsohavereducedpenetrationintothewind.Ifthisfigureisbetween0.9and1.2thecanopywillturnfastandhavehighforwardspeed.Itwillrequireskilltolandwellinmanyweatherconditionsorathighaltitudes.Besureyourskilllevelisuptothedemandsofthiswingloading.Ifthewingloadingisgreaterthan1.2lb/sq.ft.youareexposingyourselftoadangeroussituation.Turnrates,forwardspeedandrateofdescentwillallbeveryhigh.Controlrangemaybeveryshortwithstallshappeningveryabruptlywithlittlewarning.Normallandingtechniquesmaynotwork.Extraspeedonapproachtolandingmayberequiredtogetenoughflaretostopyourrateofdescent.Therefore,adoublefrontriserapproach,orfrontriserturnmayberequired,eitherofwhichareverydangerous.Wedonotrecommendthatanyonejumpacanopythatwillresultinthewingloadingexceeding1.2lb./sq.ft.Italsoisusefultocomparethewingloadingofacanopyyouintendtojumpwiththewingloadingvaluesofparachutesyou’vebeenjumping.Ifthedifferenceisgreat,youshouldexpectthenewcanopytoperformverydifferentlythantheonesyou’vejumpedbefore.

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Suchintroductoryjumpswillhelpyoudiscoverwhatmakesyourcanopyrespondviolently.Thecanopywillletyouknowthatitisabouttodosomethingviolentbyits“feel”.Youmustbeexperiencedintheseflightmodestoknowwhatitistellingyou.Knowingthiswillhelpyouavoidthesesituationsclosetothegroundwhentheycanbequitedangerous.Section5:Atair2StageOpeningTechnology2StageOpeningsExplainedAtaircanopiesaredesignedtodeployinmultiplestages.IfyouarenotjumpinganAtaircanopy,youareusedtosinglestagedeployments.Itisimportantthatyoureadthistounderstandwhattoexpect,andhowtooperateyourAtaircanopythroughitsuniquemultiplestagedeployment.Onceourcanopyisdeployedfromthebag,the3centercellswillinflate.Theribs4linesfromeachsidearesubstantiallysolidwithnocross-ports.Thispreventstheairhittingthenosefrominflatingtheoutercells.Thesliderisintheuppositionatthispointandwillpreventtheoutercellsfromcatchingairandinflating.The3centercellsareonlyslightlywiderthantheslider,sotheforceonthelinestopushthesliderdownislowcomparedtoaconventionalcanopy.Thedeploymentprocesswillpauseinthispositionforafewseconds.The3centercellswilldecelerateyouuntiltheforcepushingthesliderdownovercomesthewindpushingitup.Oncethesliderhasmovedsubstantiallydowntheendcellsarefreetocatchairandinflateforstage2.Howtooperate:Onceyoudeployyourpilotchute,stage1willoccurrightaway.Thecanopywillnotsnivel.The3centercellswillinflateandyouwillfeellight"openingforce"thatwillpullyouverticalinyourharness.Keepingyourweightsymmetricalinyourharnesstiltyourheadevenlybackandlookatthecanopy.Youwillsee3centercells,square,stableandonheading,withthesliderup.Stage2,afterapause(exacttimingofpausedependsonairspeedandloading),youwillseetheslidermoveandtheendcellsdeploy.Ifyouplaceyourweightunevenlyinyourharnessduringthepausebetweenstage1and2yourcanopywilldeployinaslowturn(notaspin)inthedirectionyouleaned.Thismayhappenoftenwhenyoufirstaregettingusedto2stagedeployments.Simplycorrecttheturnbyeithershiftingweightinyourharness,orwithyourrisers,orwithyourtoggles.Ifyouarelightlyloadedoryoudeploywithaturnyoumayhaveendcellclosureononeside.Thiswilllookasifthenoseon2outercellsistuckedslightlyunderthecanopy.Thisisnothingtoworryabout,simplyperformaslowdeepflare.Whenthecanopynearsastalltheendcellswillpopoutandinflate.Quickshortpumpingofyourtoggleswillnotinflateclosedendcells.

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Werecommendastraightpro-pack,leavingthenoseinthemiddleofthepackjobandtorollthetailtight.Rollingthenoseisunnecessary;althoughsomesky-surferswhodeployinstandpositionsathigherspeeds,liketorollthenosesymmetricallytowardsthecentercell.Deploymentheightdependsonairspeedandloadingbutistypicallyintherangeof800’-1000'.Rollingthenosecanincreasethatheightrequiredfordeployment.Why2stageopenings?Thewayaskydivingcanopydeployswasdesigneddecadesago,RWflyingwasthenorm.Conventionalmaincanopiesaredesignedformaximumdeploymentspeedsof120knots.Nowsincetheadventoffreeflying,skydiversaresubstantiallyexceedingthedesigncriteriaoftheircanopies.Mostfreeflyersdonotdeployat120butratherat140andsometimesabove.Atair'sdevelopmentofthe2stageopening(patentpending)wascreatedoutofthisnecessityinourchangingsport.Othercanopymanufacturershaveleftthiscallunansweredandforcedmostjumperstoexceedthedesignlimitationsoftheirequipment.Atairhasdevelopedthe2stageopeningstocreatecanopiesthathaveloweropeningforcetoyourbodyandaresafetodeployatthehigherspeedsfreeflyersarepracticing.(NOTE:inthelast2years,sinceAtairhasbeenadvertisinghigherspeedratings,manymanufacturershaveincreasedtheirplacardedmaxspeedlistedontheircanopies.Itisimportanttonotethatthisisnotbecausetheyhaveredesignedortestedforhigherspeedsafetyofthejumper.Thelistednumberisonlyastatementastoamaxspeedforcanopysurvival,notjumpersurvival.Afullyfunctionalcanopydoesyoulittlegoodifyourneckbrokeonopening.)Whenskydivingthereisalwaystheriskofaprematuredeployment.Atfreeflyspeedswithconventionalcanopiesyourisktheseriouspossibilityofsevereinjuryordeathfromaprematuredeployment.Theopeningforcecansimplybreakyourneck.Witha2stagedeploymentAtaircanopy,the3inflatedcentercellsdeployedinstage1willtendtodeceleratethejumperuntiltheairspeedislowenoughforthesecondstagetodeploytheremaining6outercells.Thissignificantlylowerstheopeningforceappliedtothejumperandreducespotentialharmintheeventofaprematuredeployment.Theothersafetyadvantageisthat2stagedeploymentsgreatlyeliminatethetendencyofellipticalcanopiestospinondeployment.Aconventionalcanopyduringdeploymentwillinflatefromthecentercellsouttotheendcells,thiswillhappenbeforetheslidercanfullymovedown.Asaresultofthelinesrunningthroughtheslidercompressingthecanopy,theleadingedgeofthecanopyisnotstraightbutrathersnakesinanunstablemanneruntilthesliderisfullydown.Thisviolentmovementoftheleadingedgewillcauseoff-headingopeningsandfrequentlyspins.With2stageopeningstheleadingedgeopensinstages,maintainingastraightnon-snakingprofile,ensuringasaferopening.

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Section6:SettingUpYourDragonCanopyAssembly:Donotassembleyourcanopyyourselfunlessyouhavetheability,ifnot,havethisdonebyaqualifiedrigger.Thisoperationmustbedonebyaqualifiedpersoninaccordancewiththespecificrulesofeachcountry.Beforeinstallation,thecanopymustbeinspectedandchecked.Installationandpackingimpliesthatthecanopy,itscomponentsandaccessoriesareallinperfectconditionandaretotallyairworthy.ListofComponents•Canopy,linesandconnectorlinks•CollapsibleSliderAttachingtorisers,checkingcontinuityFigure1:RisersLeftRearLeftFrontRightFrontRightRearRememberthateachconnectorlinkhastoshowcontinuityfromthelinestothecanopy.Checkeachoneforproperassembly.Eachofthelinkswillhavefivecascadinglines.Thetwosteeringlineseachcascadeintofour.Onceyouhaveorientatedthelinesproperlyontheconnectorlinks,inspectthem.Attacheachconnectorlinktothecorrespondingriserasshowninfigures1-7.Finger-tightenall4connectorlinks.Thenapplya1/4turnwithawrench.Donotovertightenasthiscanstriporcrackthelinkandcauseittofail.Slidethesliderbumpers(covers)overthelinks.

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Figure2:CorrectattachmentoffrontlinesetstothefrontrisersFigure3:CorrectattachmentoftherearlinesettotherearrisersFigure4:Correctattachmentofthesteeringlinesthroughguideringsonrearrisers

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Figure5:Thecompletelinesetattached.Fig6:Thefrontlinesetshouldlooklikethisonceinflated,(onlyrightsideshown):FrontLineSet
(
A&B
)
FrontRiser

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Fig7:Therearlinesetandsteeringlineshouldlooklikethiswhenthecanopyisinflated(onlyleftrearlinesetandrightsteeringlineshown)RearLineSet
(
C&D
)
RearRiserRearRiserSteeringlines

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Onceyouhaveassembledandtightenedeachconnectorlinkonthecorrespondingriseritistimetofocusonthesteeringlines.Startingfromthetrailingedgeofthecanopytakeeachsteeringlineandfollowitdowntotherisers,ensuringitisclearandnotinterferingwiththeotherlinesets.Routetheleftsteeringlinethroughtheguideringsontheleftrearriserandrepeattheprocessforrightsteeringline/rightriser.Section6.1:ToggleAssemblyFigure1:Passthecontrollinethroughthetoggle’sgrommetfromtheVelcrosideofthetoggle.Figure1Figure2:Thenthreadthebottomofthetogglethroughtheattachmentloop,pullingtheslackcontrollinebackthroughthegrommet.Figure2Figure3:Theassembledtoggleshouldlooklikethis.Figure3

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Oncethecanopyisattached,checkonemoretimethattheconnectorlinksaretightened.Acompletecheckofthecanopyinstallationmustbeperformed.Itmaybedoneonthegroundfollowinganorderfixedbytheriggerand/orbyinflatingthecanopyonthegroundforasufficienttimetochecklinecontinuityandalltheelements.

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Section7:RecommendedDrillsforfirstflightEvenifyouarefamiliarwithram-airparachutes,yournewparachutemayhandledifferently.Therefore,alwaysmakeseveraljumpswiththesolepurposeofgettingtoknowyournewparachute.Pickadaywithfavourablewindconditionsandjumpbyyourself.Openhighandfindouthowthecanopyflies.Tryslowturnsandfastturnsfromnobrakes,quarterbrakes,halfbrakes,three-quarterbrakesandfullbrakes.Determineifthecanopyhelicopterturns(stallturns)and,ifso,underwhatconditions.Findouthowthecanopyrecoversfromvarioustypesofstalls.Stallthecanopyseveraltimesandseehowthishappensbothfromfullflightandminimumairspeed.Turnthecanopybypullingonthefrontorrearrisersratherthanthetoggles.Keeptrackofyourlocationrelativetoyourintendedlandingareaasyou“wringout”yourcanopysoyouwon’tdrifttoofaraway.Discontinueyourexperimentingwhenyou’vedescendedto1000ft(300m)abovetheground.Planandexecuteaconservativelandingapproachintoalargeunobstructedlandingarea.Steer,flareandlandthecanopyasyouweretaughtbyyourinstructor.Sinceyoumightmisjudgeyourearlylandingsbepreparedtoperforma“ParachuteLandingFall(PLF)ratherthanastand-up.Mostjumpersunderestimatehowfartheywilltraveloverthegroundduringthelandingflare.Makesureyouhaveenoughopenareaheadofyourintendedtouchdownpoint.Duringthefirstfewjumpstrythefollowingdrills:•Gradualflaretolocatestallpoint•Fullflaretosimulatelanding•FullStallandrecoverybyslowingandequallyreleasingbrakes•Flarefromhalfbrakes•Flarefromdeepbrakes•Fulltoggleturns•Elevationturns(inbrakedflightreleaseonetoggleslightlytoturn)•Halfbraketurns•Deepbraketurns•Rearriserturns•Frontriserturns•Checklengthofbrakelinebetweencatseyeandtoggle,areyougettingafullflare?Remembertopayattentiontoyouraltitudeandpositionrelativetothedropzone.

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FlightCharacteristics:ThisAtaircanopyisnotjustanewcanopy–youhavejustpurchasedatotallynewproduct,featuringnewdesignfeatures,topclassproductionqualityandexceptionalperformance,makingitincomparabletoclassicalram-airparachutes.Itonlyrequireslighttoggleinputtoturn.Itisunnecessarytopullalongwaydownonthetogglestoobtainaquickrotation.Youshouldlearntosteeryourcanopyusingsmoothactions.Whenrotatingrapidly,thestallpointisannouncedbyahardpointwhenpullingthetoggle.TheflightrangeofyourAtaircanopyisaheadofthishardpoint;ifyouovercomeitwillputyourcanopyoutofshapeanditwillprogressivelyloseitsperformance.Weadviseyoutotestthereactionsofyournewcanopyataminimumheightof2000ft(600m).Landing:Makesurethatyouarefacingintowind,linedupwiththelandingareaataminimumof300ft(100m).Keepyourarmshighsoastokeepfullspeed,thenexecuteyourflareatthemomentselected.Thelandingprocedureisclassical,howeveractingtooabruptlytheexcellentflaringcharacteristicsofthiscanopywillsendyouupwards.Payattentiontothis,steersmoothlyand,shouldyoucomeupwardstoomuch,keepthetogglesatthesameleveltillyoutouchdown,neverreleasetogglepressure.Alwaysrememberthatthiscanopygoesonflyinguntilyoutouchdown,neverreleasetogglepressure.DONOTTURNYOURCANOPYJUSTPRIORTOLANDING,SUCHAMANEOURVREISEXTREMELYDANGEROUSANDCANCAUSESERIOUSINJURYORDEATH.