Beltrame S 2022 User manual
Rev. 4.0
BELTRAME
CENTRO SERVIZI ENERGIA
IMPORTANT INFORMATION ................................................................................................................
1. SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS.............................................................................................................
1.1 General
1.2 Safety Instrucons
2. DEVICE DESCRIPTION...............................................................................................................
2.1 Introducon
2.2 S2022 Main Specificaons
2.3 CE / EU Compliance
2.4 Overall Dimensions and Fixing Holes...................................................................................
2.5 Applicaon Area
2.6 Basic Inseron Configuraons.............................................................................................
2.7 Hardware.............................................................................................................................
2.8 Control elements and interfaces
2.9 Terminal blocks....................................................................................................................
3. DEVICE CONNECTIONS.............................................................................................................
3.1 Input/Output power connecon / rated data
3.2 Device connecons: CN2 Interface
3.3 Device connecons: CN3 I/O control signals.......................................................................
4. OPERATING MODES.................................................................................................................
5. FUNCTIONS DESCRIPTION........................................................................................................
5.1 So Start
5.2 V/Hz Limiter (Under-frequency protecon Effects)
5.3 Field Flashing and ‘Keep Alive’.............................................................................................
5.4 Compensaon and Droop funcons....................................................................................
5.5 Limiters
5.5.1 V/f Limiter
5.5.2 Minimum excitaon current: Under Excitaon limiter
5.5.3 Maximum excitaon current: Over Excitaon limiter ..............................................
5.5.4 Minimum capability: Q- limiter................................................................................
5.5.5 Maximum capability: Q+ limiter
5.5.6 S2022 Beltrame Configurator: Limiters status.........................................................
6. WORKING MODE AND REGULATIONS.......................................................................................
6.1 Automac voltage regulator (AVR)......................................................................................
6.2 Field Current Regulaon (FCR)
6.3 Power Factor regulaon (PF)...............................................................................................
6.4 Reacve power regulaon (VAR)
6.5 Digital reference adjustment by calibrator (Up/Down).......................................................
6.6 Digital reference adjustment by analog inputs
2
CONTENTS
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5
6
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10
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15
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7. OPERATOR INTERFACE..............................................................................................................
7.1 Control keypad and display
7.2 Navigang inside the menus
7.3 Parameters Saving...............................................................................................................
7.4 Menu descripon................................................................................................................
7.4.1 Menù “d” - Display (readings)
7.4.2 Menù “r” - References and Regulators
7.4.3 Menù “I” - Inputs and outputs.................................................................................
7.4.4 Menù “C” - Commands
7.4.5 Menù “P” - Parameters............................................................................................
8. TROUBLE SHOOTING................................................................................................................
8.1 First Inspecon
8.2 Trouble shoong
8.3 Repairing..............................................................................................................................
9. CONNECTION DIAGRAMS.........................................................................................................
9.1 Introducon
9.2 Basic S2022 Connecon Diagrams.......................................................................................
9.3 S2022 Connecon Diagrams with Low Voltage Alternator..................................................
9.4 S2022 Connecon Diagrams with Medium Voltage Alternator...........................................
10. BELTRAME CONFIGURATOR: THE PC SOFTWARE.......................................................................
10.1 Connecon between AVR and PC
10.2 Installaon and Communicaon setup
10.3 S2022 Menu commands......................................................................................................
10.4 Parameters seng: P.xxx.....................................................................................................
10.5 Regulator Seng: R.xxx and Input Output seng: I.xxx.....................................................
10.6 Other inside the Device Properes Tree.............................................................................
10.7 Monitoring features
10.7.1 Monitor Trend
10.7.2 Monitor Default Panel.............................................................................................
10.7.3 Monitor P-Q
10.7.4 Step Window...........................................................................................................
10.7.5 Mul Windows capability
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27
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34
35
36
37
38
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BELTRAME
CENTRO SERVIZI ENERGIA
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Our experience has shown that, if the informaon and recommendaons contained in this Operang Instrucons
are observed, the best possible reliability of our products is assured. The data contained herein purports solely to
describe the product and it is not a warranty of performance or characteriscs. It is with the best interests of our
customers in mind that we constantly strive to improve our products and keep them abreast of advances in
technology. This may, however, lead to discrepancies between a product and its "Technical Descripon" or
"Operang Instrucons". This document has been carefully prepared and reviewed, however should in spite of this
the reader find an error, he is requested to inform us at his earliest convenience. It is scarcely possible for the
operang instrucons for technical equipment to cover every eventuality, which can occur in pracce. We would
therefore request you to nofy us or our agent in the case of all unusual behavior that does not appear to be
covered by these operang instrucons. It is pointed out that all local regulaons in force must be observed when
connecng and commissioning this equipment in addion to these operang instrucons. We cannot accept any
responsibility for damage incurred as a result of mishandling the equipment regardless of whether parcular
reference is made in these operang instrucons or not.
All rights with respect to this document, including applicaons for patent and registraon of other industrial
property rights, are reserved. Unauthorized use, in parcular reproducon or making available to third pares, is
prohibited.
IMPORTANT INFORMATION
BELTRAME
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5
1. ISTRUZIONI PER LA SICUREZZA
1.1 General
The safety instrucons shall be followed during installaon, commissioning, operaon and maintenance of the
excitaon system. Read all instrucons carefully before operang the device and keep this manual for future
reference.
1.2 Istruzioni di sicurezza
The safety instrucons precede any instrucon in the context where a potenally dangerous situaon may appear.
The safety instrucons are divided into three categories, each represented by a symbol and descripon:
Required Qualificaon
Personnel involved in installaon work and commissioning of the S2022 must be familiar, specially
instructed and informed about the residual danger areas according to the regulaons currently in
force. Operang personnel is not permied to work at the control system. Only specially instructed
personnel must carry out maintenance and repair work. The maintenance personnel must be
informed about the emergency shutdown measures and must be capable of turning off the system
in case of emergency. The maintenance personnel must be familiar with the accident prevenon
measures at their workplace and must be instructed in first aid and firefighng. It is the owner’s
responsibility to ensure that each person involved in the installaon and commissioning of the
S2022 has received the appropriate training or instrucons and has thoroughly read and clearly
understood the safety instrucons in this chapter.
DANGER!
This symbol indicates an imminent danger resulng from mechanical forces or high voltage.
A non-observance leads to life-threatening physical injury or death.
WARNING!
This symbol indicates a dangerous situaon. A non-observance may lead to bad or life-threatening
physical injury or death. It may cause also possible damages to the devices.
NOTICE!
This symbol emphasizes important informaon. A non-observance may cause damage to the
device or to objects close to it.
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6
2. DEVICE DESCRIPTION
2.1 Introducon
S2022 is a last generaon Automac Voltage Regulator for Generators excitaon control. The unit contains the most
advanced microprocessor technology together with IGBT semiconductor technology (Insulated Gate Bipolar
Transistor).
A praccal and simple-to-operate on board panel is used for all control operaons. In addion, user friendly
soware facilitates the commissioning and allows the opmizaon of the performances.
2.2 S2022 Main Specificaons
2.3 CE / EU Compliance
This product has been evaluated and complies with the relevant essenal requirements requested by the EU
legislaon.
It complies with the following EU Direcves:
• LVD 2014/35/EU;
• EMC 2014/30/EU;
• ROHS 2 2011/65/EU.
The harmonized standards used for the evaluaon are:
• EN 50178 - Electronic Equipment for use in Power Installaons;
• EN 61000-6-4 - Electromagnec Compability (EMC), Generic Standards, Emission Standard for Industrial
Environments;
• EN 61000-6-2 - Electromagnec Compability (EMC), Generic Standards, Immunity for Industrial
Environments.
MECHANICAL DETAILS
AMBIENT CONDITION
ELECTRICAL DETAILS
Other
Weight:
Protecon class:
Dimensions (LxWxH)
Power electronics supply:
Excitaon output:
Power electronics supply:
Accuracy
Voltage inputs
Ambient condion
< ±0.25%
from 10 to 500 Hz
Not insulated
AVR has to be protected against dust, moisture, rain
Temperature range for operaon:
Temperature range for storage:
Vibraon:
Approx. 1400 gr
IP2X (limited by fast-on type terminals)
200x110x75 mm
From -40 to 65 °C
From -40 to +80 °C
5 mm, 2 G, 5<f<150 Hz
230 Vac from 0 to 500Hz
300 Vdc
Max connuous current 10 A
Current reducon for ambient
temperatures
> 50 °C: 1 A/degree
Forcing (max 10 s): 20 A
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2.4 Overall Dimensions and Fixing Holes
2.5 Applicaon Area
This AVR is used for the excitaon of synchronous machines. This unit is suitable for this only applicaon area.
The AVR can manage several regulaons. Among them:
- Voltage regulaon;
- Field Current Regulaon (FCR);
- Power factor regulaon (PF);
- Reacve power regulaon (VAR).
FUSE FF12A
200
188
90
110
Ø6
120
MENU ENTER
UP
DOWN
S2022
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15
72
51
8
In this configuraon the AVR is powered directly from
the generator output (or from an auxiliary winding).
The AVR DC output is feeding the stator of the exciter.
In this configuraon the AVR is powered from a PMG.
The AVR DC output is feeding the stator of the exciter.
This configuraon shows a possible replacement of a
Direct Current excitaon machine.
SM: Synchronous Machine E: Exciter PMG: Permanent-Magnet-Generator D:Direct Current machine
2.6 Basic Inseron Configuraons
The following SLD show some basic inseron configuraons of the S2022.
SM E
AVR
S2022
Vsense
Ig
Power
SM D
AVR
S2022
Vsense
Ig
Power
SM
PMG E
AVR
S2022
Vsense
Ig
Power
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2.7 Hardware
Structure:
The device is assembled inside a plasc case with aluminum base, and it is fixed on a heat dissipater.
The connecon terminals are integrated on the top of the circuit boards.
Power electronics:
- The power circuit is designed with IGBT semiconductors.
- A fuse protects the output against short-circuits.
Control elements:
- The operang keys and the display are located on board.
- The communicaon port connector is located on the front of the AVR.
Installaon:
- The site of installaon must be dry and free of dust. The AVR can be installed in vercal or
in horizontal posion.
Mounng:
- The AVR must be installed inside the Generator or inside the control panel in order to obtain protecon
against accidental contacts. To fasten the regulator, use the diam 6 holes in the 4 corners holes. It is
recommendable to use self-locking nuts. It is recommended also to bind the regulator back on a metal
plate for beer heat dissipaon.
Connecon block diagram:
2.8 Control elements and interfaces
Carrying out sengs on the unit
The displays and the four keys allow complete operaon.
All sengs can be carried out directly on the unit without addional equipment.
• Inputs and outputs configuraon;
• Parameter seng;
• Selecon on the display of the main measured values.
Interface with PC (see the dedicated chapter)
Parameter seng and opmizaon is possible using the user-friendly soware Beltrame Configurator for Microso
Windows. Using an USB/RS485 cable (made by Beltrame - Oponal), with USB insulator, for the connecon
between PC and AVR, is possible to:
• Configure inputs and outputs;
• Set all parameter;
• Select on the display all the measured values;
• Download, upload, save and open config files;
• … and a lot more.
IMPORTANT!
Parameters can be read or modified only through the on board display and/or only from PC
through the dedicated soware (supplied as oponal from Beltrame CSE).
Note: The interface is not isolated from the power supply: in order to connect with a pc or
other devices an interface isolator must be used.
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GENERATOR
Exciter field Current
transformer
Sensing Voltage
transformer
Power supply 1-3ph
Max 230Vac
RS485 Port
40-500Hz
DIG IN AN POT OUT
DIG
S2022
10
2.9 Terminal blocks
Overview of the device connecons:
Descripon of the terminals:
S2022
FUSE FF12A
CN2 – RS 485 Serial Interface CN3 – Control connecons
FX1 - Power connecons FX2 – CT sensing input
CN1 – Auxiliary AVR power supply
CN4 – Field Flashing
GND
GND
-RESERVED-
LINK –
LINK +
-RESERVED-
-RESERVED-
-RESERVED-
Excitaon output (Field -)
Excitaon output (Field +)
Power supply
Power supply
Power supply
Sensing reference
Sensing
Bridge B-115V if sensing >100V
Sensing
GND
C1 Common
Increase reference adjust
Decrease reference adjust
52G status (parallel feedback)
±5V analog input
1Kohm Potenometer input
OUT (E)
OUT (C)
C.T. input S1
C.T. input S2
+12÷35 Vdc
GND (-)
FF ON
Common
FF OFF
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C7
C8
S1
S2
1
2
ON
com
OFF
Note: the reserved pins have to be le unconnected
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3. DEVICE CONNECTIONS
3.1 Input/Output power connecon / rated data
Required Qualificaon
Personnel involved in installaon work and commissioning of the S2022 must be familiar,
specially instructed and informed about the residual danger areas according to the regulaons
currently in force.
Only specially instructed personnel must carry out maintenance and repair work.
3.2 Device connecons: CN2 Interface
CN2 picture:
* IMPORTANT: S2022 allows the sudden applicaon of the full power supply voltage (230V)
Terminal designaon
(CN1, FX1 AND FX2)
Auxiliary power supply
(CN1)
ADC Input voltage 12÷35 Vdc+ , -
Auxiliary power supply
(*)
(FX1)
Input voltage
mono/three phase
DC Input
Rated 230 Vac - (max 300 Vac)
0÷500 Hz
0÷300 Vdc
L1, L2, L3
Terminals Signal Specificaons
Measurements inputs
(FX1)
(FX2)
Generator voltage
Generator current
0÷115Vrms
0÷490 Vrms (with bridge between 115V and B)
0÷300 Vdc
0-115-B-490
TA s1 – TA s2
Excitaon output (Field)
(FX1)
Generator voltage
Generator current
300Vdc max
0÷10 A (20 A per 10 s)
-, +
Terminal
designaon
Modbus RTU and proprietary
protocols
half duplex
Not isolated
from power
supply
Communicaon
Descripon Diagram
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CENTRO SERVIZI ENERGIA
LINK +
LINK -
GND
S2022
CN2
5
5V
1K
1K
120
4
2
1
Ω
Ω
Ω
12
3.3 Device connecons: CN3 I/O control signals
CN3 picture:
Terminal
designaon
3 programmable digital inputs
• 4mA max current
• Up / Down /
programmable funcon
• AVR/FCR/PF/VAR mode
CN3 Digital inputs
Descripon Diagram
N.1 programmable digital
output
Max Load 65mA 24Vdc
CN3 Digital outputs
Analog input signals to
remote adjust the setpoint
The voltage
analog input
is not isolated
from power
supply
2x Analog inputs
Analog input: ± 5V Potenometer input: 1kohm
Ω
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S2022 CN3
COM
Increase
Decrease
52G
Analog in
Potenometer
Out (E)
Out (C)
S2022 CN3
COM
Increase
Decrease
52G
Analog in
Potenometer
+24Vdc
GND
S2022 CN3
COM
Increase
Decrease
52G
Analog in
Potenometer
+24Vdc
GND
S2022 CN3
COM
Increase
Decrease
52G
±
5V
Analog in
Potenometer
Out (E)
Out (C)
Out (E)
Out (C)
Out (E)
Out (C)
S2022 CN3
COM
Increase
Decrease
1k
52G
Analog in
Potenometer
Out (E)
Out (C)
13
4. OPERATING MODES
S2022 allows bump less changeover between all operaon modes:
Automac voltage regulator (AVR)
It regulates the output voltage of the synchronous machine.
Note: Output Generator Current measurement is oponal: it is
used only for droop compensaon
Field Current Regulaon (FCR)
It regulates the excitaon (field) current of the synchronous
machine. This operaon mode is quite useful during
commissioning and/or troubleshoong.
PF or Var regulaon (PF, Var)
Regulates the power factor or reacve power of the synchronous
machine.
Note: these funcons are available only if the machine is working
in parallel (and with closed 52G signal).
SM E
PID
PF
kVar
SM E
PID
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5. FUNCTIONS DESCRIPTION
5.1 So Start
Seng the following parameters, it is possible to set up the excitaon ramp of the Generator (Output Voltage vs Time):
The voltage ramp is controlled also by the V/Hz limiter (see 5.2)
5.2 V/Hz Limiter (Under-frequency protecon Effects)
The ramp of the generator voltage is influenced by the frequency. The V/Hz limiter is always acve in order to avoid overflux situaon. It
reduces the voltage when the frequency (the speed) drops below the knee point.
Parameter Descripon (short) Descripon
P.100
P.101
R.002
Gen rated voltage
Max Gen voltage
Ramp slope
Generator rated voltage [V]
Generator maximum voltage [%]
Ramp slope [%/s]
Parameter Descripon (short) Descripon
P.100
P.101
P.130
Gen rated voltage
Max Gen voltage
Gen V – Min Frequency
Generator rated voltage [V]
Generator maximum voltage [%]
Starng of the excitaon process (Hz)
P.131
P.132
P.133
Gen V – Max Frequency
Gen V/Hz slope
Gen V/Hz slope over
Below this frequency the voltage starts to decrease (knee point)
Slope of the voltage vs frequency line from P.130 to P.131
Slope of the voltage vs frequency line over P.131 (with P.101 limit)
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Machine voltage (%)
P101
P100
(S)
Machine voltage (%)
Gen. rated V
P. 132
min
freq
max
freq
Gen rated
freq
(Hz)
15
See also following example:
Note: The voltage corresponding at the minimum frequency (P.130) results from:
Vgen @ Fmin = Vgen_nom * (Fmin / Fmax) / Slope
This, introducing the parameters, means:
Vgen @ Fmin = P.100 * (P.130 / P.131) / P.132
5.3 Field Flashing and ‘Keep Alive’
To manage the self excitaon of the machine it is necessary to properly set Field Flashing and Keep Alive funcons. With Filed Flashing ON,
during the start-up of the synchronous machine, the S2022 triggers the field flashing that supplies an impulsive current unl the AVR has
enough input voltage to control and regulate the machine output voltage at the set value. Aer that phase the field flashing will be disabled.
As general rule: if at P.130 the AVR power supply circuit is already alive, the Field Flashing has to be set to OFF.
if at P.130 the AVR power supply circuit has not voltage, the Field Flashing has to be set to ON.
The enable/disable operaon of the Field Flashing has to be done moving the jumper on the CN4 connector:
Field Flashing ON (enabled):
Recommended Field Flashing seng
AVR powered from generator terminals
AVR powered from internal auxiliary winding
AVR powered from PMG
FF ON
FF ON
FF OFF
AVR powered from external auxiliary power supply FF OFF
Condions
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Example
P.100
P.101
P.130
P.131
P.132
P.133
100%
105%
20Hz
45Hz
2%/Hz
0,5%/Hz
P.130
P.132
P.131 ; P.100
P.133
P.101
120%
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
16
Field Flashing OFF (disabled):
Field Flashing and self-excitaon procedure is influenced also by the Keep Alive funcon. The “keep alive” feature allows to maintain a
minimum excitaon current even when the Generator frequency drops below the minimum (P.130). The minimum excitaon current value
can be adjusted using parament P.250; this seng must be done based on the power source (set up to 0 if the power is from PMG or
auxiliary). With “keep alive” enabled (P.250>0), the S2022 will try to keep a minimum excitaon current during the start-up (and during the
shung down). As default P.250 is adjusted to 5. This means that the S2022, during the start-up (and shut-down), will try to keep the
excitaon current to 5% of the rated excitaon current (P.000). Once the frequency will be higher the P.130 (Generator minimum frequency),
the AVR will leave the “keep alive” area and will enter in the V ramp area.
In case the AVR is powered with a PMG or with an external power source the “Keep Alive” funcon has to be disabled (set P.250=0).
With P.250=0 also the Field Flashing is disabled, does not maer the bridge posion described above.
Above screenshot shows the Field Flashing and the Keep Alive funcons effects during generator starng up and shung down. Once the
frequency drops below P.130 the AVR acvates the keep alive funcon and works in order to maintain the excitaon current to the P.250
keep alive seng (in this case 5%).
Parameter Descripon (short) Descripon
P.250
P.130
KeepAlive min I
Gen. V/f min freq
% of the rated exc current (P.000) from 0Hz to P.130 Hz
Generator minimum frequency (Hz)
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5.4 Compensaon and Droop funcons
The compensaon funcon (K> 0) is used in order to reduce the voltage drop created by the possible presence of a power transformer
mounted aer the Generator. The ‘droop’ funcon (K<0) is recommendable in case of operaon with more generators in parallel. It applies a
machine output voltage reducon according to the reacve power output. The “droop” funcon reduces the output voltage according the
reacve power output (higher is the reacve power, lower will be the output voltage).
Compensaon and droop funcons require:
- AVR mode;
- alternator current reading;
- digital input 3 programmed as I002= 4 (52G closed + Droop regulaon).
5.5 Limiters
5.5.1 V/f Limiter
The V / Hz limit is acve during the voltage control phase. It works by liming the Generator voltage as the frequency falls below the
maximum frequency P.131. This operaon can avoid the Generator over-flushing in case of a reducon of speed.
V/Hz limiter funcon and seng is described in 5.2.
5.5.2 Minimum excitaon current: Under Excitaon limiter
The limit of minimum excitaon current is only acve when the Generator is in parallel [digital input 52G (machine in parallel) closed].
IMPORTANT!
It represents the minimum excitaon current below which the Generator cannot work.
As default configuraon the limit P.002 is adjusted to zero.
Parameter Descripon (short) Descripon
P.400 Voltage comp K Voltage comp [%]
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Machine voltage
(%)
Kq = 1,5%
Kq = -1,5%
Reacve power
(%)
100%
inducve
100%
capacive
18
5.5.3 Maximum excitaon current: Over Excitaon limiter
The limit of maximum excitaon current operates a limitaon on the maximum excitaon current.
The limit works in order to avoid to overtake the P.001 value, and if the excitaon current remains on P.001 for longer than P.032, the AVR
reduce the excitaon current to 102%. If the excitaon current goes in the area between P.000 and P.001, the AVR calculate the i*t integral
and once P.001xP.032 is reached, the AVR reduces the excitaon current to 102%.
Parameter Descripon (short) Descripon
P.002
r.900
r.901
F. UE Lim
OE/UE Lim reg KP
OE/UE Lim reg TI
OE/UE Lim reg TI
OE/UE Lim. Reg. KP
OE/EU Lim. Reg. TI
Parameter Descripon (short) Descripon
P.000
P.001
P.004
P.032
r.900
F. rated I
F. OE Lim
% F. rated I @ min freq
F. OE Lim me
OE/UE Lim reg KP
Field rated I [A]
Field OE Lim. [%]
OE/EU LIM reg KP
r.901 OE/UE Lim reg TI OE/EU LIM reg TI
It allows to reduce the rated field current at low speed.
The rated Field Current goes linearly from the two points:
A: (P.130; P.004) → B: (P.131; P.000)
Field OE Lim me [s]
Max. me of permanence (dwell me) of excitaon current on values
between 102% and P.001 (inverse me curve).
Three cases can be disnguished:
1. If Iecc≤102% the limiter is disabled
2. If 102%<Iecc≤Ioe integral IxT is calculated
3. If Iecc≥Ioe the AVR limits to Ioe for the me set in P032. Once the
me has passed, the AVR reduced the current to 102%.
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Motor
Generator
Q+ (var)
overexcited
underexcited
Iemin
Q-
P (w)
(%)
P.001
P.000
D.000
P.032 (S)
19
5.5.4 Minimum capability: Q- limiter
The curve of minimum capability represents the reacve power limit absorbed by the machine. It is determined by interpolang 5 data:
5.5.5 Maximum capability: Q+ limiter
The curve of maximum capability represents the reacve power limit delivered by the machine. It is determined by interpolang 2 data:
• Q+ limit a P=0% P.170 [%]
• Q+ limit a P=100% P.171 [%]
Parameter Descripon (short) Descripon
P.160
P.161
P.162
Q – lim @ P 0%
Q – lim @ P 25%
Q – lim @ P 50%
Limit Q- a P=0%
Limit Q- a P=25%
Limit Q- a P=50%
P.163
P.164
Q – lim @ P 75%
Q – lim @ P 100%
Limit Q- a P=75%
Limit Q- a P=100%
Parameter Descripon (short) Descripon
P.170
P.171
Q + lim @ P 0%
Q + lim @ P 100%
Limit Q+ a P=0%
Limit Q+ a P=100%
BELTRAME
CENTRO SERVIZI ENERGIA
Motor
Generator
Q+ (var)
overexcited
underexcited
Q-
P (w)
100%
100%
75%
75%
50%
50%
25%
25%
0%
Q+ (var)
overexcited
underexcited
Q-
P (w)
P=100%
P=100%
Motor
Generator
P=0%
P.171
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