
14
THE VITAL INGREDIENTS
FLOUR
Flour is the most important ingredient used for
bread making. It provides food for the yeast and
structures the loaf. When mixed with liquid, the
protein in the flour starts to form gluten. Gluten
is a network of elastic strands, which interlock to
trap the gases produced by yeast. This process
increases as the dough undergoes kneading and
provides the dough with the structure required to
produce the weight and shape of the bread.
White Wheat Flour
The flour used in the bread machine should be
bread flour. Baker’s flour or strong white plain
flour may be used. There is no need to sift the
flour. Strong flour is most readily available,
however best results are obtained from flour
with at least 11%-12% protein content. Choose
a good quality make. Many types of flour now
specify on the packaging that they are suitable
for breadmakers. Do not use self-raising flour
unless indicated in the recipe.
NOTE: When using a low protein, stone ground,
wholemeal or plain flour the quality of
the bread can be improved by adding
11/2- 2 tablespoons of gluten flour.
Wholemeal Flour
Contains all the bran, germ and flour of the
whole-wheat grain. Although breads baked with
this type of flour will be higher in fibre, the loaf
will be lower in height and heavier in texture.
A lighter textured bread can be achieved by
replacing 1 cup of wholemeal flour with white
bread flour.
Rye Flour
A popular flour used for bread making, rye flour
is low in protein so it is essential to combine rye
flour with bread flour to make bread successfully
in the ‘Deluxe’ Breadmaker Baker’s Oven.
Gluten Flour
Gluten flour is a concentrated mixture of gluten-
forming protein and wheat flour. Adding gluten
flour can improve the structure and volume of
bread when using low protein, stone ground,
wholemeal or plain flour.
BREAD MIXES
These convenient mixes contain flour, sugar,
milk, salt, oil and other ingredients such as
bread improvers. Usually only the addition of
water and yeast is required.
For information on brands of bread mix contact
the manufacturer listed on the breadmix
packaging.
BREAD IMPROVER
Several brands of bread improvers are available
nationally in supermarkets and health food
stores. Bread improver is often found in sachet
form. The ingredients in a bread improver
are usually a food acid such as ascorbic acid
(Vitamin C) plus other enzymes (amylases)
extracted from wheat flours.
NOTE: Adding a bread improver will help
strengthen the framework of the bread
resulting in a loaf that is lighter in
texture, higher in volume, more stable
and with enhanced keeping qualities.
NOTE: Usually 1 teaspoon is adequate for
a 750g and 1Kg loaf. Although bread
improver does improve the quality of
bread, it is not an essential ingredient in
most recipes.
SUGAR
Sugar provides sweetness and flavour, browns
the crust and produces food for the yeast.
White sugar, brown sugar, honey and golden
syrup are all suitable to use. When using honey
or golden syrup it must be counted as additional
liquid.
Do not use caster or other sugar for jam
making. Jam making sugar (often referred to
as preserving jam sugar) should always be used.
JAM SETTING MIX/PECTIN
When making jam, the jam set can vary from
soft set to firm set depending upon how much
jam setting mix is added. Jam setting mix is
usually found in the sugar aisle in your local
supermarket, is often titled “Pectin” or “Jam
Setting” and comes in sachet form. All makes
have instructions for use on the packaging. A
good guide is 7g of fruit setting mix (Pectin) to
450g of fruit for a soft set. This is only a guide
and should be adjusted to suit individual taste.