Bruker AVANCE User manual

AVANCE
Site Planning for AVANCE Systems 400-700 MHz
with Ascend Aeon (actively refrigerated) Magnets
User Manual
Version 008
Innovation with Integrity
●
NMR

Copyright © by Bruker Corporation
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means without the prior consent of the
publisher. Product names used are trademarks or registered trademarks of their re-
spective holders.
This manual was written by
Daniel Baumann and Stanley J. Niles
© January 13, 2017 Bruker Corporation
Document Number: 10000055449
P/N: H157655
For further technical assistance for this product, please do not hesitate to contact your
nearest BRUKER dealer or contact us directly at:
Bruker Corporation
am Silberstreifen
76287 Rheinstetten
Germany
Phone: + 49 721 5161 6155
E-mail: [email protected]
Internet: www.bruker.com

Contents
H157655_1_008 iii
Contents
1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................7
1.1 Units Used Within This Manual...........................................................................................7
2 Safety...................................................................................................................................................9
2.1 Transport and Rigging Safety .............................................................................................9
2.2 The Magnetic Field .............................................................................................................9
2.2.1 Exclusion Zone .................................................................................................................10
2.2.2 Security Zone....................................................................................................................10
2.2.3 The 0.5 mT (5 Gauss) Line ...............................................................................................11
2.2.4 Standards on Health and Safety in the Workplace ...........................................................12
2.3 Ventilation .........................................................................................................................14
2.3.1 Regular Ventilation............................................................................................................14
2.3.2 Emergency Ventilation ......................................................................................................14
2.3.3 Oxygen Level Sensors......................................................................................................15
2.4 Safe Handling of Cryogenic Substances ..........................................................................15
2.4.1 What is a Quench .............................................................................................................15
2.4.2 Liquid Helium Refills .........................................................................................................16
2.5 Earthquake Safety ............................................................................................................16
2.6 Safety from Nearby Construction......................................................................................17
2.7 Country-Specific Safety Regulations ................................................................................17
2.8 Emergency Planning.........................................................................................................17
2.8.1 Fire Department Notification .............................................................................................18
3 System Components........................................................................................................................19
3.1 Superconducting Magnet Components.............................................................................19
3.2 Console and Other System Components .........................................................................20
3.3 CryoProbe System (Optional) ...........................................................................................21
3.4 CryoProbe Prodigy System (Optional)..............................................................................22
3.5 Other Optional Components .............................................................................................23
4 Magnet Access and Rigging............................................................................................................25
4.1 Considerations for Off-loading on Site ..............................................................................25
4.2 Considerations for Transport to the NMR laboratory ........................................................26
4.3 Transport Dimensions and Weights..................................................................................26
4.3.1 Magnet Transport Dimensions..........................................................................................26
4.3.2 Magnet Stand Transport Dimensions ...............................................................................27
4.3.3 Magnet Transport Weights................................................................................................28
4.3.4 Spectrometer and Accessories Transport Dimensions and Weights................................29
4.4 Rigging Equipment............................................................................................................31
5 Ceiling Height Requirements ..........................................................................................................33
5.1 Helium Transfer Line.........................................................................................................34
5.2 Minimum Ceiling Height ....................................................................................................36
6 Magnetic Stray Fields.......................................................................................................................39
6.1 Horizontal Stray Fields......................................................................................................40

Contents
iv H157655_1_008
6.2 Vertical Stray Fields ..........................................................................................................41
6.3 Stray Field Plots................................................................................................................42
7 Environment and Site Survey Measurement .................................................................................43
7.1 Vibrations ..........................................................................................................................43
7.1.1 Integrated Isolator Options................................................................................................44
7.1.2 General Vibration Guidelines ............................................................................................44
7.1.3 Measuring Floor Vibrations ...............................................................................................46
7.1.4 Bruker NMR Floor Vibration Guidelines............................................................................46
7.1.5 Floor Vibration Guidelines: Bruker Nano-C and Nano-D ..................................................48
7.1.6 Floor Vibration Guidelines: Bruker Nano-C API Damping System ...................................49
7.2 Magnetic Environment ......................................................................................................51
7.2.1 Guidelines for Static Objects.............................................................................................51
7.2.2 Guidelines for Moving Objects ..........................................................................................51
7.3 Electromagnetic Interference ............................................................................................52
7.3.1 Types of EMF Interference ...............................................................................................52
7.3.2 DC EMF Interference ........................................................................................................52
7.3.2.1 Measuring DC Fluctuating Fields......................................................................................53
7.3.2.2 Guidelines for DC Interference .........................................................................................53
7.3.2.3 Reducing DC Interference ................................................................................................53
7.3.3 AC EMF Interference ........................................................................................................54
7.3.3.1 Measuring AC EMF Interferences.....................................................................................54
7.3.3.2 Guidelines for AC EMF Interference .................................................................................54
7.3.3.3 Reducing AC EMF Interference ........................................................................................55
7.3.4 HF Interference .................................................................................................................55
7.3.4.1 Measuring HF Fluctuating Fields ......................................................................................55
7.3.4.2 Most Commonly Studied Nuclei........................................................................................56
7.3.4.3 Guidelines for HF Interference..........................................................................................56
7.3.4.4 Reducing HF Interference.................................................................................................56
8 Utility Requirements.........................................................................................................................57
8.1 Electrical Power Requirements.........................................................................................57
8.2 Telecommunication...........................................................................................................59
8.3 Compressed Gas ..............................................................................................................59
8.3.1 General Requirements......................................................................................................59
8.3.2 Gas Supply .......................................................................................................................59
8.3.3 Other Specifications..........................................................................................................60
8.3.4 Compressed Air System ...................................................................................................61
8.3.4.1 Air Compressors ...............................................................................................................62
8.3.4.2 Dryers ...............................................................................................................................63
8.3.4.3 Filters ................................................................................................................................64
8.4 Cooling Water ...................................................................................................................64
8.5 Lighting .............................................................................................................................65
8.6 HVAC (Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning) ....................................................................65
8.6.1 Heat Dissipation into the Room ........................................................................................67
8.6.2 System Stability ................................................................................................................67
8.7 Emergency Ventilation During Installation and Quenches................................................68
8.7.1 Emergency Exhaust Solutions ..........................................................................................69

Contents
H157655_1_008 v
8.8 Fire Detection System and Fire Extinguishers..................................................................71
9 Floor Plan ..........................................................................................................................................73
9.1 Magnet Location ...............................................................................................................73
9.2 Dimensions and Mass of Equipment ................................................................................74
9.3 Floor Load.........................................................................................................................74
9.4 Floor Types .......................................................................................................................76
9.5 Magnet Pits .......................................................................................................................76
9.6 Magnet Platform................................................................................................................77
9.7 Helium Flex Lines .............................................................................................................77
9.8 Maximum Field Strengths for NMR Equipment.................................................................78
9.9 Cabinet Position................................................................................................................78
9.10 Worktable Position ............................................................................................................78
9.11 Service Access Requirements ..........................................................................................79
9.12 Layout Examples ..............................................................................................................80
10 CryoProbe and Other Accessories .................................................................................................83
10.1 CryoCooling Unit...............................................................................................................85
10.2 Helium Compressors ........................................................................................................85
10.2.1 Available Models...............................................................................................................85
10.2.1.1 Helium Compressor - Indoor Water Cooled......................................................................86
10.2.1.2 Helium Compressor - Indoor Air Cooled ...........................................................................88
10.2.1.3 Helium Compressor - Outdoor Air Cooled ........................................................................88
10.2.2 Space Requirements and Specifications ..........................................................................89
10.2.2.1 Indoor Helium Compressors .............................................................................................89
10.2.2.2 Outdoor Helium Compressors ..........................................................................................90
10.3 Helium Cylinders...............................................................................................................91
10.4 Summary of CryoProbe Options .......................................................................................91
10.5 CryoProbe Prodigy System (Optional)..............................................................................93
10.6 CryoFit ..............................................................................................................................95
10.6.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................95
10.6.2 Installation Requirements .................................................................................................95
11 Installation.........................................................................................................................................97
11.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................97
11.2 Accessibility ......................................................................................................................97
11.3 Installation Requirements Checklist..................................................................................98
11.4 Installation Procedure .......................................................................................................98
11.4.1 Magnet Assembly .............................................................................................................98
11.4.2 Magnet Evacuation and Flushing with Nitrogen Gas ........................................................99
11.4.3 Cooling the Magnet to Liquid Nitrogen Temperature ........................................................99
11.4.4 Cooling the Magnet to Liquid Helium Temperatures.........................................................99
11.4.5 Charging the Magnet ........................................................................................................99
12 Contact ............................................................................................................................................101
List of Figures.................................................................................................................................103
List of Tables ..................................................................................................................................105
Index ................................................................................................................................................107

Contents
vi H157655_1_008

Introduction
H157655_1_008 7
1 Introduction
This manual contains information about site planning and preparation prior to delivery of a
Bruker AVANCE system. The manual should be read through carefully as mistakes made
initially may be costly to remedy at a later stage.
The systems covered by this manual are AVANCE spectrometers in the range of 400-700
MHz with Ascend Aeon (actively refrigerated) magnets.
The chapters within this manual deal with various points that need to be considered for
successful system operation. They have been included to familiarize you with general
principles of successful site planning. For specific questions that may not be addressed in
this manual, or for further information on a topic, do not hesitate to contact your local Bruker
office. Please also review the Installation Questionaire at the end of the manual.
1.1 Units Used Within This Manual
The SI Unit Tesla (mT) is used throughout this manual whenever magnetic field strengths are
discussed. Some readers may however be more familiar with the Gauss (G) Unit.
For comparison the conversion fact is: 1 mT=10 G
Likewise the unit kilowatt is used for the measure of heat energy (e.g. amount of heat
generated by a device per hour). Some readers may be more familiar with these
measurements in BTU/hour:
For comparison the conversion factor is: 1 BTU/hour=0.000293 kW.
(BTU = British Thermal Unit which is the required heat to raise 1 pound of H2O by 1 degree
Fahrenheit).
Wherever possible both the metric and American (North and South) measure units have been
used throughout this manual. In most cases the weights and measures have been rounded
upwards where necessary. The following table offers the common metric to American
conversion factors used in this manual:
Measure Metric Units American Standard
Units
Conversion Factor
(rounded to nearest
hundredth)
Linear meter (m)
centimeter (cm)
feet (ft.)
inch (in.)
1 m = 3.28 ft.
1 m = 39.37 in.
1 cm = 0.394 in.
Distance kilometer (km) mile (mi.) 1 km = 0.62 mi.
Area square meter (m2) square foot (ft2) 1 m2 = 10.76 ft2
Volume cubic meter (m3)
liter (l)
cubic foot (ft3)
quart (qt.)
1 m3 = 35.32 ft3
1 l = 1.06 qt. (liquid)
Weight kilogram (kg) pounds (lbs.) 1 kg. = 2.21 lbs.
Pressure bar pounds/square inch
(psi)
atmosphere (ATM)
1 bar = 14.51 psi
1 bar = 0.99 ATM
(standard)
Flow (e.g. gas
flow)
cubic meter/minute
(m3/min.)
cubic feet/minute (ft3/
min.)
1 m3/min. = 35.32 ft3/
min.
Temperature °C °F F = C × 1.8 + 32

Introduction
8 H157655_1_008
Measure Metric Units American Standard
Units
Conversion Factor
(rounded to nearest
hundredth)
°F °C C = (F - 32) / 1.8
°C K K = C + 273.15
K °C C = K - 273.15
°F K K = (F + 459.67) / 1.8
K °F F = K × 1.8 - 459.67
Magnet Field
Strength
Tesla (T) Gauss (G) 1 T = 104G
Heat Energy BTU/hour kW 1 BTU/hour =
0.000293 kW
BTU = British Thermal Unit which is the required heat to raise 1 pound of H20 by 1 degree
Fahrenheit.
SI = International System of Units.
Table1.1: Metric to American Conversion Factors

Safety
H157655_1_008 9
2 Safety
These safety notes must be read and understood by everyone who comes into contact with
superconducting magnet systems. Proper training is required for all people having access to
such systems. It is essential that clear information signs are placed and maintained to
effectively warn people that they are entering a hazardous area.
Please refer to Bruker’s General Safety Considerations for the Installation and
Operation of Superconducting Magnets, available from Bruker.
2.1 Transport and Rigging Safety
The following safety notices pertain to the transport and rigging of Avance systems:
• The magnet should always be transported gently in an upright position.
• The magnets are sensitive to shocks and tilting, thus are fitted with shock and tilt watches
during transportation.
• Only certified operators of fork lifts, pallet jacks and cranes should handle the transport
and rigging.
• Crates should not be left outside, but should be brought inside immediately to protect
equipment.
• Storage conditions:
– Temperature: 5-40 °C
– Humidity: < 50% at 23 °C
2.2 The Magnetic Field
Since the magnetic field of the magnet system is three dimensional, consideration must be
given to floors above and below the magnet, as well as to the surrounding space on the floor
the magnet resides on. The magnetic field exerts attractive forces on equipment and objects
in its vicinity. These forces, which increase drastically approaching the magnet, may become
strong enough to move large equipment and to cause small objects or equipment to become
projectiles.
It is important to consider personnel and equipment in the rooms above, below, and
adjacent to the room where the magnet will be located:

Safety
10 H157655_1_008
Figure2.1: Stronger Stray Fields in Vertical Direction than in Horizontal Direction
The magnetic field may affect the operation of electronic medical implants such as
pacemakers, if exposed to fields greater than 5 Gauss. Medical implants such as aneurysm
clips, surgical clips or prostheses may also be attracted. Further care must be taken around
changing fields (e.g. pulsed gradient fields). Eddy currents could be generated in the implant
resulting in heat generation and/or unwanted torques.
Ensure that all loose ferromagnetic objects are outside the 5 Gauss (0.5 mT) field zone of
the magnet before the magnet is ramped to field. Human experience and reaction speed are
totally inadequate to cope with the extremely nonlinear forces the magnet exerts on iron
objects. Therefore no ferromagnetic objects should be allowed to enter the magnet room after
the magnet is energized.
2.2.1 Exclusion Zone
The Exclusion Zone is the area inside the magnet's 5 Gauss (0.5 mT) field line, extended in
all directions, including rooms above and below the magnet area.
Individuals with cardiac or other medically active implants must be prevented from entering
this area. The exclusion zone must be enforced with a combination of warning signs and
physical barriers.
2.2.2 Security Zone
The Security Zone is usually confined to the room that houses the magnet.
Ferromagnetic objects should not be allowed inside the security zone to prevent them from
becoming projectiles.

Safety
H157655_1_008 11
2.2.3 The 0.5 mT (5 Gauss) Line
Medical Implants and Pacemakers
A static magnetic field can cause pacemakers and heart defibrillators to switch into default
and reset mode. The characteristics of default and reset mode can be programmed and are
determined by the manufacturer. A physician can initiate a controlled switch into special
mode with a strong permanent magnet. He does that to:
• Control pacemaker and heart defibrillator.
• Set a determined frequency for some cycles (independent from the actual need of the
body).
• Disable certain functions of the defibrillator.
As soon as the magnet is removed, the pacemaker or heart defibrillator starts working
normally again. Newer pacemakers switch into special mode at 1 mT, older models already
at 0.5 mT (5 Gauss).
Source: www.supermagnete.ch
Pregnant Workers
There are no special guidelines concerning magnetic fields that we are aware of for pregnant
workers when compared to all other people.
Pregnant workers are mentioned in Section E of the Annex to the EMF Directive (European
Community regulation form, Directive 2013/35/EC), which warns about using cell phones
during pregnancy (i.e. warnings about high frequency electromagnetic fields).
We are not aware of other special guidelines for pregnant workers concerning magnetic
fields, when compared to other people.
Bruker takes a conservative approach and recommends that all pregnant workers should
stay outside the 0.5 mT (5 Gauss) line, which is known as a general guideline for public
access.

Safety
12 H157655_1_008
2.2.4 Standards on Health and Safety in the Workplace
Guidelines on Limits of Exposure to Static Magnetic Fields are introduced by the ICNIRP
(International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection). They give separate
guidance for occupational exposures and exposure of general public.
Occupational Exposures
It is recommended that occupational exposure of the head and the trunk should not exceed a
spatial peak magnetic flux density of 2 mT (20 Gauss) except for the following circumstance:
For work applications for which exposures above 2 mT (20 Gauss) are deemed necessary,
exposure up to 8 mT (80 Gauss) can be permitted if the environment is controlled and
appropriate work practices are implemented to control movement-included effects. Sensory
effects due to the movement in the field can be avoided by complying with basic restrictions
set in the ELF guidelines. When restricted to the limbs, maximum exposures of up to 8 mT
(80 Gauss) are acceptable.
General Public Exposures
Based on scientific knowledge on the direct effects of static fields on humans, acute exposure
of the general public should not exceed 400 mT (any part of the body). However, because of
potential indirect adverse effects, ICNIRP recognizes that practical policies need to be
implemented to prevent inadvertent harmful exposure of people with implanted electronic
medical devices and implants containing ferromagnetic materials, and injuries due to flying
ferromagnetic objects, and these considerations can lead to much lower restriction levels,
such as 0.5 mT (IEC 2002). The exposure limits to be set with regard to these non biological
effects are not, however, the duty of ICNIRP.
* From ICNIRP Guidelines published 2009 (http://www.icnirp.de/documents/statgdl.pdf)
European Community Directive
The European Community did release a Directive 2004/40/EC on the minimum health and
safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical
agents (electromagnetic fields).
This directive, depending on the frequency, specifies the following limits of exposure to
electromagnetic fields:
Frequency Range Magnetic Field Strength H Magnetic Flux Density B
0…1 Hz 1.63 x 105 A/m 0.2 T or 200 mT
This specification and the following more detailed national regulations are an example that
fulfills the requirements defined and valid within the EU. Depending on the country where the
system is being installed, it is necessary to clarify the country specific or local regulations with
respect to exposure and safety in magnetic fields.
Magnetic field strength is a vector quantity (H), which, together with the magnetic flux density,
specifies a magnetic field at any point in space. It is expressed in Ampere per metre. (A/m).
Magnetic flux density is a vector quantity (B), resulting in a force that acts on moving charges,
expressed in (T). In free space and in biological materials, magnetic flux density and
magnetic field strength can be interchanged using the equivalence 1 A/m = 4π 10-7 T.

Safety
H157655_1_008 13
German Regulations
In Germany, regulation BGV B11 describes the maximum exposure doses in two basic
tables. Table 2.1 applies to situations under the standard precautionary conditions, whereas
Table 2.2 applies to systems with field strengths above 5 Tesla and can only be applied to
certain subgroups of people, which meet nonstandard precautionary conditions. Details on
the different precautionary conditions and subgroups of people are given in the document
BGV B11 document.
Exposure Maximum Magnetic Flux Density
Average over 8 hours 212 mT
Peak values for head and body 2T
Peak values for extremities 5T
Standards on health and safety in the workplace for standard precautions
and users, according to BGV B11.
Table2.1: BGV B11 Standards for Standard Precautions and Users
Exposure Maximum Magnetic Flux Density
Average over 8 hours 4T
Peak values for head and body 2T
Peak values for extremities 10T
Health and safety standard in the workplace applicable under special
conditions to selected subgroups of people, according to BGV B11.
Table2.2: BGV B11 Standards Under Special Conditions for Selected Subgroups
The next table shows the maximum retention periods within different stray field regions below
5 Tesla for standard precautionary situations. The corresponding spatial regions within and
around the super-conducting magnet can be worked out from the stray-field plots of the
magnet being used.
Magnetic Flux Retention Period Parts of the Body
5T < 20 Minutes Extremities
4T < 25 Minutes Extremities
3T < 34 Minutes Extremities
2T < 52 Minutes Head/Body
1T < 1 Hour 42 Minutes Head/Body
0.5T < 3 Hours 23 Minutes Head/Body
0.3T < 5 Hours 39 Minutes Head/Body
We do not take any responsibility for the numbers given in this table!
Table2.3: Example of Maximum Retention Periods
If higher field strength is accessible inside the magnet by a user’s extremities, a
corresponding table for non-standard situations can be worked out from the table above.
However, the analysis must be carried out in a more detailed and differentiated manner and a
greater number of more important conditions must be strictly fulfilled.

Safety
14 H157655_1_008
2.3 Ventilation
Typical NMR superconducting magnets use liquid cryogens as cooling agents. During normal
operation of the magnet system it can be expected that a boil-off will occur:
• A normal boil-off of liquids contained in the magnet will occur based on the established
boil-off specifications.
• A boil-off of cryogens will occur during regular refills.
A very large increase in volume accompanies vaporization of the cryogenic liquids into gas.
The cryogenic gas to liquid volume ratio for helium is 740:1. Due to this large increase in
volume the vapor may displace the air in an enclosed room. If someone is in the room, this
may lead to asphyxiation. To prevent this and other dangers, the following minimum general
safety rules concerning ventilation apply:
• Cryogenic liquids, even when kept in insulated storage dewars, remain at a constant
temperature by their respective boiling points and will gradually evaporate. These dewars
must always be allowed to vent or dangerous pressure buildup will occur.
• Cryogenic liquids must be handled and stored in well ventilated areas.
•Exit doors must open to the outside, to allow safe exit in the event the room becomes
pressurized by helium gas during a magnet quench.
• Room layout, ceiling clearance and magnet height must be such that an easy transfer of
liquid nitrogen and helium is possible. This will considerably reduce the risk of accidents.
2.3.1 Regular Ventilation
Regular HVAC systems should be able to handle 3 - 5 room air exchanges per hour, and
provide temperature stability of +/- 1°C per 24 hours for 300-500 MHz systems, and +/- 0.5°C
per 24 hours for 600 MHz and above,. Please refer to HVAC (Heating Ventilation Air
Conditioning) [}65] for more details.
2.3.2 Emergency Ventilation
Depending on the actual size of the magnet room, a large amount of He and/or N2 gas could
displace the air in the room. This is possible during the initial cooling of the magnet, during
follow-up cryogen fills, or in case of a quench. Therefore, an emergency exhaust system may
be required to avoid asphyxiation. Please refer to the section Emergency Ventilation During
Installation and Quenches [}68], for more details.
Pits
As discussed in HVAC (Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning) [} 65], continuous air flow
(exhaust) is required within the confines of a magnet pit. A low exhaust down in the pit is
recommended. Additional emergency ventilation may also be necessary. Since nitrogen gas
cannot be detected by the human senses, an oxygen sensor mounted in the pit will trigger an
increased rate of exhaust.

Safety
H157655_1_008 15
2.3.3 Oxygen Level Sensors
Oxygen (O2) monitors, or level sensors, are required in the magnet room to detect low levels
of O2 due to cryogenic gases. At a minimum the following sensors must be provided:
• One oxygen level sensor must be above the magnet, to detect low oxygen levels caused
by high helium gas levels.
• One oxygen level sensor approx. 30 cm off the floor of the magnet room.
• One additional oxygen level sensor approx. 30 cm off the bottom of the pit, in case the
magnet is located inside a pit.
These monitors and sensors generally must be located outside the 0.5 mT (5 G) line. Check
with original equipment manufacturer for information on the effects of magnet fields on these
devices.
Please refer to Emergency Ventilation During Installation and Quenches [} 68] for more
information on ventilation and exhaust solutions.
2.4 Safe Handling of Cryogenic Substances
Superconducting NMR magnets use liquid helium (all magnets) and nitrogen (only non-Aeon
magnets) as cooling agents, keeping the magnet core at a very low temperature. The safe
handling of cryogenic liquids requires some knowledge of the physical properties of these
liquids, common sense, and sufficient understanding to predict the reactions of such liquids
under certain physical conditions.
Cryogenic liquids, even when kept in insulated storage vessels (dewars), remain at a
constant temperature by their respective boiling temperature. As a result, a fraction of the
liquid constantly evaporates into the gas phase, leading to a pressure build-up inside the
storage dewar. A very important characteristic of cryogens is their enormous increase in
volume during the conversion from liquid to gaseous phase. This conversion follows a raise in
gas temperature starting at the boiling temperatures of the cryogenic liquids and going up
towards room temperature.
The gases are nontoxic and completely harmless as long as adequate ventilation is provided
to avoid suffocation. During normal operation only a small hourly rate of cryogen is
evaporated, but during a quench, an extremely large quantity of helium gas is produced
within a short time.
Cryogenic liquids must be handled and stored in well ventilated areas. Containers for
cryogenic liquids must be constructed with non-magnetic materials and should be specifically
designed for use with particular cryogens. Be sure to read and follow any specific instructions
provided by the container manufacturer concerning their individual products.
2.4.1 What is a Quench
A magnet quench is the breakdown of superconductivity in a partially or fully energized
magnet. The stored field energy is transformed into heat, leading to a fast evaporation of
liquid helium. During a quench, an extremely large quantity of helium gas is produced within a
short time.
Although helium gas is inert, if generated in large enough quantities, it can displace the
oxygen in the room causing potential danger of suffocation (refer to Emergency Ventilation
During Installation and Quenches [}68]).

Safety
16 H157655_1_008
2.4.2 Liquid Helium Refills
Liquid helium is the coldest of all cryogenic liquids, therefore it will condense and solidify any
other gas (air) coming in contact with it. The consequent danger is that pipes and vents may
become blocked with frozen gas. Vacuum insulated pipes should be used for transferring
liquid helium.
Liquid helium must be kept in specially designed storage or transport dewars. A one-way
valve is supplied to avoid air or moisture from entering the helium vessel. This is to prevent
ice from building and plugging the neck tubes. The 0.2 bar valve must be mounted at all
times even during a helium transfer.
Often, permanently installed helium gas lines are used to pressurize the liquid helium
transport dewars during the helium refills. Alternatively, helium gas cylinders can be used.
The helium gas cylinder should never be brought close to the magnet and should always be
kept well outside the 5 Gauss line. The gas cylinder should be secured to a wall or structural
column well outside the 5 Gauss line to prevent a dangerous accident. A He gas purity of 4.6
(99.996%) is recommended.
With the Aeon magnet, helium fills are typically needed only during the magnet installation.
Helium refills are not required during the normal operation given that there is no helium loss.
Helium top-offs or refills are to be done by Bruker engineers, these are needed during
cryocooler and helium compressor services and in case of power or cooling water failures if
no back-up utilities are present.
2.5 Earthquake Safety
In regions where there is a potential risk of earthquakes, additional precautions should be
taken to reduce the chance of personal injury or property damage through movement or
tipping of the magnet.
Many countries or regions have documented regulations, including building codes, regarding
earthquakes. Before installing a magnet system, it is highly advisable that you check with
local authorities on whether your area is prone to earthquakes and if there are any
regulations in effect.
If the installation site is regarded as an earthquake area, please contact Bruker for
information on earthquake securing equipment.

Safety
H157655_1_008 17
2.6 Safety from Nearby Construction
In a magnet system hazards come basically from two sources:
• Mechanical breakdown of the mounting suspension in the magnet system.
• Quench as a result of mechanical movement of the superconductor and as a result the
magnet reaching a critical temperature.
No permanent damage results from the mechanical movement of the superconductor,
however when the suspension is damaged, it must be repaired.
These amplitudes are mainly in the vertical direction. For permanent faults we give a
maximum peak value of 0.01 g (0.981 m/s2) for systems with activated ADI or API dampers.
Undamped systems can be operated up to a maximum of 1 mg or 9.81 mm/s2. NMR
measurements are not possible in these vibration entries.
For short term accelerations, which can occur during earthquakes, we have experienced that
the NMR magnet systems survive a strength of 6.0 or accelerations up to 0.2 g > 90%.
2.7 Country-Specific Safety Regulations
In addition to the above safety precautions, any country-specific safety regulations for
operating NMR systems must be fulfilled. These may include, for example, regulations on:
• Facilities of a controlled access area around the magnet
• Working conditions at computer stations
• Use of anesthesia gases
• Handling of laboratory and transgenic animals
2.8 Emergency Planning
Due to the strong magnetic fields and presence of cryogens when using NMR systems, it is
important to define and communicate what to do in case of problems or an emergency. An
Emergency Plan can be defined as a documented set of instructions on what to do if
something goes wrong. Emergency Plans are often defined as part of the Standard Operating
Procedures (SOP), or as a stand-alone document. In any case every NMR laboratory should
have an Emergency Plan in effect.
As every organization has its own policies and procedures, as well as varying laboratory
layouts, an Emergency Plan should be individually defined by the customer for their
laboratory as appropriate. The Emergency Plan is the responsibility of the customer and of
the building and facility management.

Safety
18 H157655_1_008
2.8.1 Fire Department Notification
It is recommended that the magnet operator introduce the fire department and/or local
authorities to the magnet site. It is important that these organizations be informed of the
potential risks of the magnet system, e.g. that much of the magnetic rescue equipment
(oxygen-cylinders, fire extinguishers, axe's etc.) can be hazardous close to the magnet
system. In addition, their expertise and experience can be invaluable in creating an
Emergency plan.
• In a NMR laboratory use only non-magnetic fire extinguishers.
• Breathing equipment which uses oxygen tanks made out of magnetic material can be life
threatening when used close to a magnet system which is energized.
• During a quench helium gas escaping from the system must not be mistaken for smoke.
Instruct the fire department and technical service not to „extinguish“ the magnet system
with water. The outlet valves could freeze over the quench valves eventually do not close
again.
• Laboratory windows which are accessible during an emergency must be clearly marked
with warning signs, visible from the outside.

System Components
H157655_1_008 19
3 System Components
This section describes the types and functions of the various sub-systems that are delivered
as part of our AVANCE UltraStabilized NMR systems. These include the following:
•Superconducting Magnet Components [}19].
•Console and Other System Components [}20].
•CryoProbe System (Optional) [}21].
•Other Optional Components [}23].
3.1 Superconducting Magnet Components
The superconducting magnet is a complex system producing a very strong, homogeneous,
and stable magnetic field as required for NMR. This section describes the various sub-
systems of the magnet system.
Magnet: The magnet system’s main component is a superconducting coil housed
in a cryostat. The cryostat consists of an outer vacuum enclosure, some
radiation shields and a liquid helium vessel.
The magnet uses liquid helium as cryogenic liquid. The magnet coil is
immersed in a sub-cooled liquid helium (~2 K) bath. An additional liquid
helium bath operating at a standard temperature of 4.2 K is located
above the sub-cooled helium section and is also housed in the outer
vacuum enclosure.
After the initial charging with electrical current, the magnet runs in
persistent mode. The current runs in a closed loop inside the system and
the magnet itself is no longer connected to a continuous power supply.
Pulse Tube
Cooler:
The magnet system is equipped with one cryocooler (pulse tube type).
The cold head is mounted on top of the magnet. The rotary valve is
mounted on a column right next to the magnet.
The cryocooler re-liquefies helium that has been extracted by pumping
and virtually leads to cryogen consumption free operation.
Helium
Compressor:
An oil-lubricated helium compressor is used to supply pressurized helium
gas for PTC operation. This compressor requires water cooling and
electrical power without any interruption.
Maintenance: Magnet maintenance consists of refilling the system with cryogenic fluids
at defined time intervals.

System Components
20 H157655_1_008
3.2 Console and Other System Components
The next table lists the various parts of the console, monitoring & control units. Please also
refer to the floor plan diagrams beginning in the chapter Floor Plan [} 73]. These scaled
diagrams provide an idea of where the various pieces of NMR equipment should be placed.
123
456
Figure3.1: Spectrometer and Magnet Control
1. The AVANCE console main cabinet, where the actual NMR data acquisition is
performed.
2. The probe, which is designed to hold the sample, transmit radio frequency signals
which excite the sample and receive the emitted response. The probe is inserted
into the bottom of the magnet and sits inside the room temperature shims. Coaxial
cables carry the excitation signals from the console amplifiers to the probe and
the NMR signal back from the sample to the receiver.
3. The HPPR/2 amplifies, filters and routes the NMR response signals from the
probe to the RX22 receiver. It switches the RF transmitter output to the probe.
4. The BCU-II Unit delivers very cold gas, either nitrogen or dry air, through a
flexible isolated non-magnetic transfer line. It is possible to control the sample
temperature down to -60°C inside the probe for solid or liquid NMR applications.
5. The BCU-I Unit cools VT gas to allow proper sample temperature regulation. The
unit reduces the temperature of the air input (supplied by the variable-temperature
unit) and provides cooling of the NMR sample within the magnet to at least -5 °C
for a room temperature of 25 °C.
6. The workstation acts as the operational computer for the user processing NMR
data and sending/receiving data to/from the acquisition computer in the main
console.