Campbell ClariVUE 10 User manual

Revision: 08/2021
Copyright © 2021
Campbell Scientific, Inc.

Table of contents
1. Introduction 1
2. Precautions 1
3. Initial inspection 1
4. QuickStart 2
5. Overview 5
6. Specifications 6
7. Installation 7
7.1 Wiring 7
7.2 Programming 7
7.2.1 CRBasic programming 8
7.3 Mounting 8
8. Operation 11
8.1 Turbidity units 11
8.2 SDI-12 measurements 12
8.3 SDI-12 extended commands 14
8.4 Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser diode 14
9. Maintenance, troubleshooting, and calibration 15
9.1 Maintenance 15
9.2 Troubleshooting 16
9.3 Verification procedure 16
10. References 24
Appendix A. Importing Short Cut code into CRBasic Editor 25
Appendix B. Factors that affect turbidity and suspended-sediment
measurements 26
B.1 Particle size 26
B.2 Suspensions with mud and sand 26
B.3 Particle-shape effects 26
Table of Contents - i

B.4 High-sediment concentrations 27
B.5 Water color 27
Appendix C. SDI-12 sensor support 28
C.1 SDI-12 command basics 28
C.1.1 Acknowledge active command (a!) 29
C.1.2 Send identification command (al!) 29
C.1.3 Start verification command (aV!) 30
C.1.4 Address query command (?!) 30
C.1.5 Change address command (aAb!) 30
C.1.6 Start measurement commands (aM!) 31
C.1.7 Start concurrent measurement commands (aC!) 31
C.1.8 Start measurement commands with cyclic redundancy check (aMC! and aCC!) 33
C.1.9 Stopping a measurement command 33
C.1.10 Send data command (aD0! … aD9!) 33
C.1.11 Continuous measurement command (aR0! … aR9!) 34
C.1.12 Extended commands 34
C.2 SDI-12 transparent mode 34
C.2.1 Changing an SDI-12 address 35
C.3 References 37
Table of Contents - ii

1. Introduction
The ClariVUE™10 is a submersible turbidity sensor that uses side-scatter technology to measure
suspended solids and turbidity for applications ranging from water quality in aquatic ecosystems
to sediment transport and dredge monitoring.
2. Precautions
lREAD AND UNDERSTAND the Safety section at the back of this manual.
lThe sensor may be damaged if it is encased in ice. Damages caused by freezing conditions
will not be covered by the warranty.
lCampbell Scientific recommends removing the sensor from the water for the time period
that the water is likely to freeze.
lClariVUE 10 is a precision instrument that must be handled with care.
lIMPORTANT: Maintain a level of calibration appropriate to the application. Campbell
Scientific recommends factory recalibration of the ClariVUE 10 every two years or when it
varies by more than 5% in standard buffer within the 0 to 4000 TU range (see Verification
procedure (p. 16)).
3. Initial inspection
lUpon receipt of the ClariVUE 10, inspect the packaging for any signs of shipping damage,
and, if found, report the damage to the carrier in accordance with policy. The contents of
the package should also be inspected and a claim filed if any shipping-related damage is
discovered.
ClariVUE™10 Side-Scatter Turbidity Sensor 1

lWhen opening the package, take care to not damage or cut the cable jacket. If there is any
question about damage having been caused to the cable jacket, a thorough inspection is
prudent.
lThe model number is on the housing. Check this information against the shipping
documentation to ensure that the expected model number was received.
4. QuickStart
A video that describes data logger programming using Short Cut is available at:
www.campbellsci.com/videos/cr1000x-data logger-getting-started-program-part-3 .Short
Cut is an easy way to program your data logger to measure the sensor and assign data logger
wiring terminals. Short Cut is available as a download on www.campbellsci.com . It is included
in installations of LoggerNet,RTDAQ, and PC400.
The following procedure also shows using Short Cut to program the ClariVUE 10.
1. Open Short Cut and click Create New Program.
2. Double-click the data logger model.
ClariVUE™10 Side-Scatter Turbidity Sensor 2

3. In the Available Sensors and Devices box, type ClariVUE or find the sensor in the Sensors >
Water >Quality folder, and double-click ClariVUE5/ClariVUE10.SDI-12 Address defaults to
0. Enter the correct SDI-12 Address for the sensor if it has been changed from the factory
default value. Mean temperature defaults to degrees Celsius. These can be changed by
clicking the Mean temperature box and selecting a different option.
4. Click the Wiring tab. Click OK after wiring the sensor.
5. Repeat steps three and four for other sensors you want to measure. Click Next.
ClariVUE™10 Side-Scatter Turbidity Sensor 3

6. In Output Setup, type the scan rate, a Table Name, and Data Output Storage Interval. Click
Next.
NOTE:
Because of the sensor response time, Campbell Scientific recommends measurement
scans of at least 30 seconds.
7. Select the output options.
8. Click Finish and save the program. Send the program to the data logger if the data logger
is connected to the computer.
ClariVUE™10 Side-Scatter Turbidity Sensor 4

9. If the sensor is connected to the data logger, check the output of the sensor in the data
display in LoggerNet,RTDAQ, or PC400 to make sure it is making reasonable
measurements.
5. Overview
The heart of the ClariVUE 10 is a near-infrared (NIR) laser and a photodiode for detecting the
intensity of light scattered from suspended particles in water. The detector is positioned at 90
degrees to the emitter to measure the side-scatter energy. The ClariVUE 10 has two
measurement ranges. The low range is from 0-400 TU and uses a transfer function to convert mV
readings to turbidity units based on 4 calibration points in this range: 0, 20, 100, and 400 TU. The
high range is from 401 to 4000 TU. The high range transfer function converts millivolt to turbidity
units using seven calibration points across the full measurement range: 0, 20, 100, 400, 1000,
2500, and 4000TU.
Turbidity sensors are used for a wide variety of monitoring tasks in riverine, oceanic, laboratory,
and industrial settings. They can be integrated with water-quality monitoring systems,
conductivity, temperature, and depth sensors (CTDs), laboratory instrumentation, and sediment-
transport monitors.
Applications include:
lCompliance with permits, water-quality guidelines, and regulations
lDetermination of transport and fate of particles and associated contaminants in aquatic
systems
lConservation, protection, and restoration of surface waters
lAssessing the effects of land-use management on water quality
lMonitoring waterside construction, mining, and dredging operations
lCharacterization of wastewater and energy-production effluents
Features:
lFitted with wet-pluggable connector—multiple mating cable length options available
lAccurate and rugged
lCompatible with any SDI-12 data logger/controller including Campbell Scientific GRANITE-
series, CR6, CR3000, CR1000X, CR800-series, CR300-series, and CR1000
ClariVUE™10 Side-Scatter Turbidity Sensor 5

6. Specifications
Standards: Meets ISO 7027-1:2016 (side scatter) standard for turbidity
measurements.
Compliance: SDI-12 v1.4
Operating temperature range: –2 to 40 °C
CAUTION:
Sensor may be damaged if it is encased in frozen liquid.
Power requirements: 9.6 to 18 VDC
Power consumption
Idle: <300 µA
Measurement: <35 mA
Measurement range: 0 to 4000 FNU
Measurement response time: 9 to 22 s depending on the SDI-12 command
(see Table 8-1 (p. 13))
Resolution: 0.2 FNU
Particle size: 0.1 to 0.5 μm
Accuracy: ±2% or 0.5 FNU, whichever is greater
Housing material: Delrin® plastic
Head material: Marine-grade bronze
Optics: Sapphire lens
Connector description: MCBH-5-FS, marine-grade bronze, 3 gold-plated pins,
wet-matable
Cable type: 3-conductor, polyurethane jacket with water block
Optical assembly: Sealed with double O-rings
Internal temperature measurement: ±0.2 °C accuracy
Maximum depth: 30 m (100 ft)
ClariVUE™10 Side-Scatter Turbidity Sensor 6

Diameter: 3.0 cm (1.2 in)
Length: 16.6 cm (6.5 in)
7. Installation
If you are programming your data logger with Short Cut, skip Wiring (p. 7) and Programming (p.
7). Short Cut does this work for you. See QuickStart (p. 2) for a tutorial.
7.1 Wiring
Connect the wires in the order shown in the following table.
Table 7-1: Wire color, function, and data logger connection
Wire color Wire function Data logger connection
White SDI-12 signal C,SDI-12, or Uconfigured for SDI-121
Red Power 12V
Black Power ground G
Clear Shield G
1Uand Cterminals are automatically configured by the measurement instruction.
If multiple SDI-12 sensors are connected to a data logger, Campbell Scientific recommends using
separate terminals when possible. However, multiple SDI-12 sensors can connect to the same
data logger control (C) or universal (U) terminal. Each must have a unique SDI-12 address. Valid
addresses are 0 through 9, a through z, and A through Z.
For CR6 and CR1000X data loggers, triggering conflicts may occur when a companion terminal is
used for a triggering instruction such as TimerInput(),PulseCount(), or WaitDigTrig().
For example, if this product is connected to C3 on a CR1000X, C4 cannot be used in the
TimerInput(),PulseCount(), or WaitDigTrig() instructions.
7.2 Programming
Short Cut is the best source for up-to-date programming code for Campbell Scientific data
loggers. If your data acquisition requirements are simple, you can probably create and maintain a
data logger program exclusively with Short Cut. If your data acquisition needs are more complex,
ClariVUE™10 Side-Scatter Turbidity Sensor 7

the files that Short Cut creates are a great source for programming code to start a new program
or add to an existing custom program.
NOTE:
Short Cut cannot edit programs after they are imported and edited in CRBasic Editor.
AShort Cut tutorial is available in QuickStart (p. 2). If you wish to import Short Cut code into
CRBasic Editor to create or add to a customized program, follow the procedure in Importing
Short Cut code into CRBasic Editor (p. 25). Programming basics for CRBasic data loggers are
provided in the following section. A downloadable example program is available at
www.campbellsci.com/downloads/clarivue-example-program .
7.2.1 CRBasic programming
The SDI12Recorder() instruction is used to measure a ClariVUE 10. The SDI12Recorder()
instruction sends a request to the sensor to make a measurement and then retrieves the
measurement from the sensor. See SDI-12 measurements (p. 12) for more information.
For most data loggers, the SDI12Recorder() instruction has the following syntax:
SDI12Recorder(Destination, SDIPort, SDIAddress, “SDICommand”, Multiplier, Offset,
FillNAN, WaitonTimeout)
Valid values for the SDIAddress are 0 through 9, A through Z, and a through z; alphabetical
characters need to be enclosed in quotes (for example, “A”). Also enclose the SDICommand in
quotes as shown. The Destination parameter must be an array. The required number of
values in the array depends on the command (see SDI-12 measurements (p. 12)).
FillNAN and WaitonTimeout are optional parameters (refer to CRBasic Help for more
information).
7.3 Mounting
Schemes for mounting the ClariVUE 10 will vary with applications; however, the same basic
precautions should be followed to ensure the unit is able to make a good measurement and that
it is not lost or damaged.
lOrient the unit so that the ClariVUE 10 looks into clear water without reflective surfaces. This
includes any object such as a mounting structure, a stream bed, or sidewalls. The
sidescatter sensor can see to about 5 cm (2 in) at 90°.
ClariVUE™10 Side-Scatter Turbidity Sensor 8

lCampbell Scientific recommends avoiding direct sunlight. The ClariVUE 10 measures any
infrared light source pulsing at a 5kHz rate that is in sync with the 5kHz internal VCSEL
light driver. Therefore, the combination of direct sunlight and a rippling water surface can
affect turbidity measurements. Some installations may require shading to prevent sunlight
interference.
lAlways place electrical tape or 2 mm (1/16 in) neoprene sheet on the housing where the
housing will contact metal or other hard objects.
ClariVUE™10 Side-Scatter Turbidity Sensor 9

lThe most convenient means for mounting the unit to a frame or wire is to use large, high-
strength nylon cable ties (7.6 mm (0.3 in) width) or stainless steel hose clamps. First cover
the area(s) to be clamped with electrical tape or 2 mm (1/16 in) neoprene sheet. Clamp the
unit to the mounting frame or wire in the padded area.
CAUTION:
Lightly tighten the hose clamps. Overtightening may crack the pressure housing and
cause a leak. Use spacer blocks when necessary to prevent chafing the unit with the
frame or the wire.
lMounting inside the end of a PVC pipe is a convenient way to provide structure and
protection for deployments. The ClariVUE 10 fits inside a 2-in schedule 40 PVC pipe.
ClariVUE™10 Side-Scatter Turbidity Sensor 10

8. Operation
This section provides the following information:
8.1 Turbidity units 11
8.2 SDI-12 measurements 12
8.3 SDI-12 extended commands 14
8.4 Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser diode 14
8.1 Turbidity units
Conceptually, turbidity is a numerical expression in turbidity units (TU) of the optical properties
that cause water to appear hazy or cloudy as a result of light scattering and absorption by
suspended matter. Operationally, a TU value is interpolated from neighboring light-scattering
measurements made on calibration standards such as Formazin, StablCal®, or styrene
divinylbenzene (SDVB) beads. Turbidity is caused by suspended and dissolved matter such as
sediment, plankton, bacteria, viruses, and organic and inorganic dyes. In general, as the
concentration of suspended matter in water increases, so will its turbidity; as the concentration of
dissolved, light-absorbing matter increases, turbidity will decrease.
Descriptions of the factors that affect turbidity are given in Factors that affect turbidity and
suspended-sediment measurements (p. 26). Like all other optical turbidity monitors, the
response depends on the size, the composition, and the shape of suspended particles. For this
reason, for monitoring concentrations, the sensor must be calibrated with suspended sediments
from the waters to be monitored. There is no standard turbidimeter design or universal formula
for converting TU values to physical units such as mg/l or ppm. TU values have no intrinsic
physical, chemical, or biological significance. However, empirical correlations between turbidity
and environmental conditions, established through field calibration, can be useful in water-
quality investigations.
The USGS has an excellent chapter on turbidity measurements in their National Field Manual for
the Collection of Water-Quality Data:
http://water.usgs.gov/owq/FieldManual/Chapter6/Section6.7_v2.1.pdf
Historically, most turbidity sensor manufacturers and sensor users labeled the units NTUs, for
Nephelometric Turbidity Units. The ASTM and the USGS unit classification for sidescatter is
formazin nephelometric unit (FNU)
ClariVUE™10 Side-Scatter Turbidity Sensor 11

The following document, U.S. Geological Survey Implements New Turbidity Data-Reporting
Procedures, describes the units:
http://water.usgs.gov/owq/turbidity/TurbidityInfoSheet.pdf
8.2 SDI-12 measurements
The ClariVUE 10 responds to the SDI-12 commands shown in Table 8-1 (p. 13). When the data
logger issues an M! command, the sensor should respond immediately indicating how long it will
take to perform the measurement. The data logger then waits that amount of time or if the
sensor finishes sooner, it will send a service request to the data logger indicating data can be
collected. After receiving the service request or waiting the indicated time, the data logger will
send the D! command to collect the data.
NOTE:
SDI-12 sensor support (p. 28) describes the SDI-12 commands. Additional SDI-12 information
is available at www.sdi-12.org .
ClariVUE™10 Side-Scatter Turbidity Sensor 12

Table 8-1: SDI-12 measurement commands
SDI-12
command1Values Returned Units
Sensor
response
time
Comments
aM!,aMC!,
aC!,aCC!
1. Median turbidity
(mmm.mm)
2. Mean turbidity (nnn.nn)
3. Standard deviation
turbidity (sss.s)
4. Minimum turbidity (lll.ll)
5. Maximum turbidity
(hhh.hh)
6. Average temperature
(ttt.tt)
7. Error code (ee)
1. FNU
2. FNU
3. FNU
4. FNU
5. FNU
6. °C
7. N/A
9 s
Burst data. Sensor
makes 30
measurements.
aM1!,
aMC1!,
aC1!,aCC1!
1. Median turbidity
(mmm.mm)
2. Mean turbidity (nnn.nn)
3. Standard deviation
turbidity (sss.s)
4. Minimum turbidity (lll.ll)
5. Maximum turbidity
(hhh.hh)
6. Average temperature
(ttt.tt)
7. Error code (ee)
1. FNU
2. FNU
3. FNU
4. FNU
5. FNU
6. °C
7. N/A
22 s
Burst data. Sensor
makes 100
measurements.
aM9!,
aMC9!,
aC9!,aCC9!
1. Median turbidity
2. Mean turbidity
3. Standard deviation
turbidity
4. Minimum turbidity
5. Maximum turbidity
6. Error code (ee)
1. mV
2. mV
3. mV
4. mV
5. mV
6. N/A
17 s
Raw burst data. Sensor
makes 100
measurements and
returns the raw millivolt
readings without
converting values to
FNU.
1a is the sensor address.
ClariVUE™10 Side-Scatter Turbidity Sensor 13

8.3 SDI-12 extended commands
Enter the following SDI-12 extended commands using the transparent mode while the computer
is communicating with the data logger through a terminal emulator program. It is accessed
through Campbell Scientific data logger support software or other terminal emulator programs.
Data logger keyboards and displays cannot be used. Refer to SDI-12 transparent mode (p. 34) for
more information.
Table 8-2: SDI-12 extended commands
SDI-12 command1Values Returned or Function
aXTEST! Outputs 25 fitted measurement values
aXCAL! Displays calibration values.
aXDEFAULT! Reset probe to default production calibration.
aXSTATS!
1. Serial number
2. SDI-12 address
3. Signature of the bootloader code
4. Signature of the operating system
5. Signature of the calibration data
aXHELP! Lists the SDI-12 commands available for the ClariVUE 10.
1a is the sensor address.
8.4 Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser
diode
The ClariVUE 10 sensor detects suspended matter in water and turbidity from the relative
intensity of light side scattered at 90° in accordance with ISO7027. A 3D image of the main
components of the sensor is shown in FIGURE 8-1 (p. 15). The ClariVUE 10 light source is a vertical-
cavity surface-emitting laser diode (VCSEL), which converts 7 mA of electrical current to 1500 μW
of optical power. The detector is a low-drift silicon photodiode with enhanced NIR responsivity.
NIR responsivity is the ratio of electrical current produced per unit of light power in air or water. A
light baffle prevents direct illumination of the detector by the light source and in-phase coupling
that would otherwise produce large signal biases. The silicon photodiode features a daylight
blocking filter matched with 830 nm to 950 nm infrared emitters. The daylight blocking filter
protects the photodiode from ambient light saturation.
ClariVUE™10 Side-Scatter Turbidity Sensor 14

FIGURE 8-1. Sidescatter detector cones. The larger window is
the VCSEL laser, and the smaller window is the photo diode detector.
9. Maintenance,
troubleshooting, and calibration
NOTE:
All factory repairs and recalibrations require a returned material authorization (RMA) and
completion of the “Statement of Product Cleanliness and Decontamination” form. Refer to
the Assistance page at the end of this manual for more information.
9.1 Maintenance
CAUTION:
No user-serviceable parts are inside the sensor housing. Do not remove the sensor or
connector from the pressure housing. This will void the warranty and could cause a leak.
ClariVUE™10 Side-Scatter Turbidity Sensor 15

Periodically clean the ClariVUE 10 window:
1. If encrusted organisms such as barnacles or tube worms are on the ClariVUE 10 window,
use a flexible knife blade to gently scrape them off.
2. For other types of fouling, wet a scouring pad.
a. Place the scouring pad on a counter with a plastic-laminate top with the pad side
aligned with the edge of the counter.
b. Rub the sensor window back and forth on the pad until it is clean.
Do the following to remove pits from the sensor face:
1. Tape a strip of 400 grit wet-or-dry abrasive cloth to the edge of a counter.
2. Add a few drops of water to the abrasive cloth.
3. Using the counter edge as a guide, rub the sensor window on the cloth in smooth one-way
strokes until the sensor is shiny and pit free.
WARNING:
Do not use solvents such as methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), toluene, acetone, or trichloroethylene
on the ClariVUE 10.
Verify sensor calibration (Verification procedure (p. 16)) when visiting site to clean the sensor. If
sensors deviate more than 5% send to Campbell Scientific for factory calibration (refer to
Assistance for more information).
9.2 Troubleshooting
1. Check the wiring to ensure the ClariVUE 10 wires are connected to the correct data logger
terminals (see Wiring (p. 7)).
2. Check the data logger program scan rate is sufficient for the SDI-12 commands (SDI-12
measurements (p. 12)).
3. Check the data logger program to ensure that the SDI-12 address matches the ClariVUE 10
SDI-12 address and that the SDIPort matches the data logger connections.
9.3 Verification procedure
Campbell Scientific recommends checking the calibration in the field. This section explains how
to verify the factory calibration is still within 5% or a user set threshold.
ClariVUE™10 Side-Scatter Turbidity Sensor 16

Supplies:
lData logger
lClariVUE 10 cable
lClariVUE 10
lComputer with Device Configuration Utility installed
lFormazin or StableCal Turbidity standards of your choice between 0 to 4000 TU.
lDI water for rinsing sensor and 0.4 TU point for checking
l8 liter (2 gallon) black plastic bucket if you are using DI water as one of your check points.
l100 mm (4 in), black calibration cup for standards greater than 20 TU
Procedure:
1. Swab sensor with an alcohol-soaked towel to sterilize it.
2. Wire sensor to the data logger. Many data loggers offer a terminal mode to talk to SDI-12
sensors. This procedure requires an SDI-12 recorder/data logger that can return multiple
lines for an extended SDI-12 command. For this example, the ClariVUE 10 is connected to
the following terminals on a Campbell Scientific CR1000X data logger.
Table 9-1: Verification example wiring
Wire color CR1000X terminal
White C3
Red 12V
Black G
Clear G
NOTE:
To verify the calibration, you do not need to have a program running on the data
logger.
3. Open Device Configuration utility.
4. Under Device Type, type the data logger model and double-click on the model type. This
example uses a CR1000X directly connected to the computer USB port.
ClariVUE™10 Side-Scatter Turbidity Sensor 17