Campbell csi mAXON User manual

INSTRUCTION MANUAL
CSI Maxon
Radiotelemetry Network
Revision: 4/03
Copyright (c) 1989-2003
Campbell Scientific, Inc.

Warranty and Assistance
The CSI MAXON RADIOTELEMETRY NETWORK is warranted by
CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC. to be free from defects in materials and
workmanship under normal use and service for twelve (12) months from date
of shipment unless specified otherwise. Batteries have no warranty.
CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC.'s obligation under this warranty is limited to
repairing or replacing (at CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC.'s option) defective
products. The customer shall assume all costs of removing, reinstalling, and
shipping defective products to CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC. CAMPBELL
SCIENTIFIC, INC. will return such products by surface carrier prepaid. This
warranty shall not apply to any CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC. products
which have been subjected to modification, misuse, neglect, accidents of
nature, or shipping damage. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties,
expressed or implied, including warranties of merchantability or fitness for a
particular purpose. CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC. is not liable for special,
indirect, incidental, or consequential damages.
Products may not be returned without prior authorization. The following
contact information is for US and International customers residing in countries
served by Campbell Scientific, Inc. directly. Affiliate companies handle
repairs for customers within their territories. Please visit
www.campbellsci.com to determine which Campbell Scientific company
serves your country. To obtain a Returned Materials Authorization (RMA),
contact CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC., phone [phone]. After an
applications engineer determines the nature of the problem, an RMA number
will be issued. Please write this number clearly on the outside of the shipping
container. CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC's shipping address is:
CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC.
RMA#_____
815 West 1800 North
Logan, Utah 84321-1784
CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC. does not accept collect calls.

CSI Maxon Radiotelemetry Network
Table of Contents
PDF viewers note: These page numbers refer to the printed version of this document. Use
the Adobe Acrobat® bookmarks tab for links to specific sections.
1. General Radiotelemetry Network ............................1-1
1.1 Introduction .......................................................................................... 1-1
1.2 Field Station.......................................................................................... 1-2
1.3 Base Station.......................................................................................... 1-3
1.4 Repeater................................................................................................ 1-4
2. Assembling the Radiotelemetry Network...............2-1
2.1 Final Layout.......................................................................................... 2-1
2.2 Install Base Station ............................................................................... 2-1
2.2.1 Base Station Hardware................................................................ 2-1
2.2.2 PC208W Datalogger Support Software...................................... 2-2
2.3 Install Nearest Repeater/Field Station .................................................. 2-6
2.4 Test the Radiotelemetry Link ............................................................... 2-6
2.4.1 A Successful Test........................................................................ 2-6
2.4.2 An Unsuccessful Test ................................................................. 2-6
2.5 Troubleshooting Unsuccessful Communication Attempts ................... 2-7
2.5.1 Troubleshooting Physical Link Between Base and Field Station2-7
2.5.2 Error Messages ........................................................................... 2-7
2.5.3 Troubleshooting with the Terminal Emulator............................. 2-9
3. Radiotelemetry Network Components....................3-1
3.1 RF310M Modem .................................................................................. 3-1
3.1.1 Physical Description ................................................................... 3-1
3.1.2 RF310M States............................................................................ 3-1
3.1.3 Setting Station ID........................................................................ 3-2
3.1.4 The Carrier Detect Light............................................................. 3-3
3.1.5 Data Transfer Rate...................................................................... 3-3
3.1.6 RF310 Modem Communication Protocol................................... 3-4
3.1.7 RF310M Modem and the RF Link.............................................. 3-5
3.1.8 RF310 Connections..................................................................... 3-8
3.2 RF310 Radios ....................................................................................... 3-8
3.2.1 Radio Description ....................................................................... 3-8
3.2.2 Radio Specifications ................................................................... 3-9
3.2.3 Radio Installation........................................................................ 3-9
3.3 Antennas and Cables ............................................................................ 3-9
3.3.1 Antenna Mounts........................................................................ 3-10
3.3.2 Antenna Orientation.................................................................. 3-10
3.3.3 Antenna Cables and Connectors............................................... 3-11
3.4 Tripods, Towers, Enclosures, and Power Supplies............................. 3-12
3.4.1 Tripods and Towers for Mounting............................................ 3-12
3.4.2 Enclosures................................................................................. 3-12
3.4.3 Power Supply............................................................................ 3-13
3.5 RF310B Base Station.......................................................................... 3-15
i

CSI Maxon Radiotelemetry Network Table of Contents
3.5.1 RF310B Introduction ................................................................3-15
3.5.2 220, 230, and 240 VAC Conversion.........................................3-15
4. Operation of the Radiotelemetry Network............. 4-1
4.1 Monitoring and Collecting Data - PC208W RF Notes .........................4-1
4.1.1 Basic Concepts............................................................................4-1
4.1.2 Using PC208W Setup Window...................................................4-1
4.1.3 Automated Data Collection - PC208W.......................................4-2
4.1.4 General Communication - PC208W Connect Window...............4-3
4.2 Datalogger Initiated Communications ..................................................4-4
A. Setting the Station ID..............................................A-1
B. Alternate Base Station Configurations..................B-1
B.1 The Portable Base Station ................................................................... B-1
B.2 Phone-to-RF Base Station................................................................... B-1
B.3 Phone-to-RF Base Station with Measurement Capability................... B-4
C. Power Calculations .................................................C-1
D. Fundamentals of Radiotelemetry...........................D-1
D.1 Radio Waves.......................................................................................D-1
D.2 Antennas .............................................................................................D-2
D.3 RF310M Modem.................................................................................D-2
D.4 Transceiver..........................................................................................D-3
E. RF310M States.........................................................E-1
E.1 RF310M-ME State ...............................................................................E-1
E.2 RF310M-SDC State..............................................................................E-1
F. Specifications ..........................................................F-1
Glossary
Figures
1-1 A Basic RF Telemetry Network ...........................................................1-2
1-2 A CR10(X) Field Station......................................................................1-3
1-3 An RF Telemetry Base Station.............................................................1-4
1-4 A Typical RF Telemetry Repeater Station............................................1-5
3-1 The RF310M Modem...........................................................................3-2
3-2 Setting the Station ID ...........................................................................3-3
3-3 RF310 On Bracket with Connector ......................................................3-9
3-4 The PD237 Crossover Plate Antenna Mount......................................3-10
3-5 The PD46 Clamp Mount.....................................................................3-11
3-6 Type-NM (male), BNC, and Type-NF (female) Connectors..............3-11
ii

CSI Maxon Radiotelemetry Network Table of Contents
3-7 The RF310B Base Station.................................................................. 3-16
3-8 Top view of the RF310B Base Station............................................... 3-17
4-1 PC208W Main Tool Bar ...................................................................... 4-1
4-2 PC208W Setup Window/Schedule Tab ...............................................4-3
4-3 PC208W Connect Window, Tools Tab................................................ 4-4
B-1 Portable Base Station...........................................................................B-4
B-2 Phone-to-RF Base Station....................................................................B-7
B-3 Phone-to-RF Base Station with Measurement Capability ...................B-7
Tables
3-1 The RF310M Modem........................................................................... 3-2
3-2 RF310M Command Character Summary............................................. 3-5
3-3 Summary of the Shutdown Block......................................................... 3-7
3-4 RF310M Serial I/O to Datalogger Connector Description................... 3-8
3-5 Common Antennas and Characteristics.............................................. 3-12
3-6 PS12LA Battery and AC Transformer Specifications........................ 3-14
3-7 Pin Description for RF310B 25-Pin Port ........................................... 3-16
3-8 RF310B Power Conversions.............................................................. 3-16
iii

CSI Maxon Radiotelemetry Network Table of Contents
This is a blank page.
iv

1-1
Section 1. General Radiotelemetry
Network
1.1 Introduction
Data retrieval from a remote site can be difficult. To accomplish data
collection from isolated sites Campbell Scientific, Inc. utilizes a radiotelemetry
(RF telemetry) network. Dataloggers can be accessed by RF telemetry which
requires no physical connection from the computer to the datalogger. The RF
telemetry link reduces the number of visits to a remote site for data collection.
The RF telemetry network is designed for complete computer control. One
computer can establish communication with up to 254 remote sites. PC208W
Datalogger Support Software allows data collection from the datalogger,
transmitting datalogger programs, and displaying current readings from the
datalogger.
The requirements specific to a RF telemetry network include:
•The distance between radio stations should not be greater than
approximately 25 miles.
•The stations should not have major obstacles between them; therefore, they
should be within line-of-sight of each other.
The stations communicate over a radio frequency which is specified in
Megahertz (MHz, 148 to 174 MHz and 440 to 470 MHz are supported). A
data communication network must have its own specific frequency to prevent
interference from other sources. Typical radio frequencies are either VHF
(Very High Frequency) ranging from 148 to 174 MHz or UHF (Ultra High
Frequency) ranging from 440 to 470 MHz. A typical RF system is shown in
Figure 1-1.
Telemetry network’s three basic components are:
•Field Station
•Base Station
•Repeater Station
This manual covers the use of the RF310 and RF312 radios, the RF310M radio
modem and the RF310B base station. Some PC208W software topics are also
addressed.

Section 1. General Radiotelemetry Network
1-2
FIGURE 1-1. A Basic RF Telemetry Network
1.2 Field Station
Purpose: The field station is where the measurements are made. The
Campbell Scientific datalogger resides at this station taking the
desired measurements. Any field station can also operate as a
repeater. The only requirement is that the station’s antenna must be
able to communicate in all desired directions. This may require an
omnidirectional antenna.
Equipment Required:
•Radio
•RF Modem
•Antenna and antenna cable
•Datalogger
•Power supply, enclosure, sensors, and mounting needs

Section 1. General Radiotelemetry Network
1-3
RF310M
FIGURE 1-2. A CR10(X) Field Station
1.3 Base Station
Purpose: A base station utilizes a computer to collect data from the field
station(s). Normally, all communication to the field stations
originate at the base station. Data retrieval, remote programming,
and system analysis can all be done from the base station.
Equipment Required:
•Radio
•RF Base Station
•Computer with PC208W software
•Antenna and antenna cable
•AC power
ANTENNA

Section 1. General Radiotelemetry Network
1-4
815 W. 1800 N. Logan Utah 84321-1784 [phone] FAX [phone]
Copyright(c) 1996
Setup Instructions: Disk 1 of 4
1. Start Microsoft Windows
2. Insert Disk 1 in drive A.
3. From Program Manager, select File menu and
choose Run
4. Type a:\setup and press ENTER.
Datalogger Support Software for Windows
PC208W
To Antenna
RS232 Cable
CARRIER DETECT
RF310B
RF BASE STATION
POWER
ON MADE IN U.S.A.
FIGURE 1-3. An RF Telemetry Base Station
1.4 Repeater
Purpose: To act as relay between two communicating stations separated by
too long of a distance or an obstacle which impedes direct
communication. A repeater is not always required in an RF
telemetry network. A field station can also function as a repeater.
Equipment Required:
•Radio
•RF Modem
•Antenna and antenna cable
•12 V and 5 V power supply (PS512M or CH512R and BP12)
•Enclosure and other mounting needs

Section 1. General Radiotelemetry Network
1-5
PS512M
RF310
RF310M
FIGURE 1-4. A Typical RF Telemetry Repeater Station

Section 1. General Radiotelemetry Network
1-6
This is a blank page.

2-1
Section 2. Assembling the
Radiotelemetry Network
This section provides a logical order for RF network assembly and deployment. Details of
specific components in the system are described in Section 3 “Radiotelemetry Network
Components.” Section 3 is cross-referenced throughout this assembly section.
2.1 Final Layout
The initial locations of the base, field, and repeater stations have likely been
determined already. Locate RF stations on an area map, preferably a
topographic map. Draw a line along every communication path. Each field
station must have a path connecting it back to the base station. No path can be
going through a mountain or large obstacle; this would negate the line-of-sight
requirement. A station may need to be moved or a repeater station may need to
be added if this requirement is not met.
At each station there is an RF modem. Each modem requires a unique ID
number (Station ID). The number may range from 0 to 255. On the map, label
the base station as 254. Label the remaining stations with different ID numbers.
Later, each modem will be set with the corresponding ID number. The Station
ID, similar to a phone number, allows the base station to call many different
field stations.
2.2 Install Base Station
2.2.1 Base Station Hardware
The major component of the base station is the RF310B Base Station. Refer to
Section 3.5 for location drawings and a description of the RF310B Base
Station.
1. Remove the top of the RF310B by unscrewing the four screws on the sides.
2. Remove the radio and its cable from its mounting bracket. Mount the radio
directly onto the bottom of the RF310B. Secure the BNC connector from
the radio's cable to its hole on the back of the RF310B. See Figure 3-7 for
assistance.
3. Connect the radio to 12 V, ground, and the RF Modem (RF310M). The
RF modem is located behind the front panel above the "POWER ON"
light. See Figure 3-8 for assistance.
Radio transmission without an antenna connected can
damage radio.
4. Mount the base station antenna in a location that is higher than any
surrounding buildings or obstacles. Refer to Section 3.3 for more
information on mounting the antenna.
CAUTION

Section 2. Assembling the Radiotelemetry Network
2-2
5. After the antenna is mounted, connect the coax cable between the antenna
and the BNC connector mounted in Step 2.
6. Replace the cover of the RF310B.
7. Connect a large gauge (approximately 8 AWG) copper wire from the
antenna to a good earth ground. This is for lightning protection. This is
required for any antenna, especially if the coax cable from the antenna goes
inside a building.
8. Connect a 25-pin RS-232 cable from the computer serial port to the
RF310B.
9. After verifying that the RF310B power switch is off, plug in the RF310B's
wall transformer.
2.2.2 PC208W Datalogger Support Software
Once the base station hardware is installed, the PC208W software must be
setup. If PC208W is not installed on the computer, you will need to install it.
Refer to the PC208W Manual if you have questions about the installation
procedure or PC208W. PC208W will refer to the RF310M as either “RF
Modem” or “RF95”.
There are eight main windows in PC208W:
•SETUP - Used to define communication paths, set data collection
parameters, and schedule automatic data collection.
•CONNECT - Used for manual communications with field site. Supports
real time data display, graphs, data retrieval and program transfer.
•STATUS - Shows status of schedules and communication information.
•PROGRAM - Editor to aid writing datalogger programs.
•REPORT - Generates reports and reduces data stored on computer.
•VIEW - Used to view text files.
•STG MODULE - Used to service storage modules.
•HELP - On line help. Also accessed anywhere by typing F1.
PC208W uses a main tool bar to access each of the eight windows. The shape
of the main tool bar can be changed using standard Windows methods. Closing
the main tool bar closes all other PC208W windows.

Section 2. Assembling the Radiotelemetry Network
2-3
The SETUP window is used to create a device map which contains the RF Link
information. This information includes the station ID, communication path and
conditions for calling a particular field station. Procedures for creating an RF
communications link are explained in Section 1 of the PC208W manual.
Basic steps required to setup an RF link include: 1) select appropriate
communications port (COM Port), 2) attach RF modem to COM port, and 3) attach
datalogger to RF modem. The default COM port settings should not be changed.
The RF modem default settings do not need to be changed. The default datalogger
settings do not need changing except for the “Dialed using RF 95 path:”.
The RF Path (Dialed Using RF 95 Path:), found on the datalogger hardware tab of
the setup screen, designates which field station to call. In the example shown, the
base station will call the field station with an RF path of 10. If a repeater is needed
to contact Field Station 10, the repeater ID must also be specified. For example,
"RF Path: 5 10F," would call Field Station 10 through a repeater with a Station ID
of 5. The "F" at the end of the RF Path is optional and is explained later. Click on
Save Edits.

Section 2. Assembling the Radiotelemetry Network
2-4
Select the Appropriate Communications port. If your computer uses COM2,
click the “Add COM port” button to add an RS-232 communications port.
Next click the “Add Device” button.
When the “Add Device” button is clicked the “Add New Device” dialog box
opens. Select the RF Modem and attach to the appropriate RS-232
communications port. Click OK.

Section 2. Assembling the Radiotelemetry Network
2-5
This window shows the RF modem (RF1) attached to RS-232 communication
port 2. Next use the Add Device button again to connect the datalogger to RF1.
This window shows the CR10X datalogger connected to the RF modem.
Notice the Dialed Using RF95 path has been set to 10F. The RF95 path is
unique to the RF310M dip switch settings.

Section 2. Assembling the Radiotelemetry Network
2-6
2.3 Install Nearest Repeater/Field Station
Now to install the nearest field station. If it communicates with the base station
via a repeater, the repeater station must also be installed.
Following is the order in which a general RF field station should be installed.
A repeater station is installed in the same order. For instructions on installing
any particular component, refer to either Section 3 of this manual or the
Weather Station Manual.
1. Tripod or tower
2. Enclosure and datalogger
3. Antenna - Orient correctly; remember direction and polarization
4. Solar Panel
5. Power Supply
6. Sensors
7. RF Modem - Set the Station ID according to the map
8. Radio - Make sure to connect to RF Modem, to power supply, and turn on
power supply
2.4 Test the Radiotelemetry Link
With the field station installed, return to the base station for initial testing of the
communication link. An RF link can also be tested at the field site with a
portable base station; hardware requirements for the portable base station are
described in Appendix B.
Testing begins with turning the RF310B base station on. A quick check of
connections is in order. Start PC208W software and open the Connect
Window. The “Station List” will show all dataloggers or field stations
available. Using the mouse, highlight the datalogger of interest then click on
the Connect button. The software requires about 15 seconds to establish a PC
to datalogger RF link. The computer is “talking” with the datalogger when the
first button to the right of the Connect button changes from Terminate to
Disconnect.
If you do not click on the Disconnect or Terminate button before closing the
Connect window, PC208W will automatically start calling the datalogger when
the Connect window is reopened.
2.4.1 A Successful Test
The test is considered successful if you establish communications between the
PC and the datalogger.
2.4.2 An Unsuccessful Test
When an RF test is unsuccessful, there are three ways to troubleshoot the
system:

Section 2. Assembling the Radiotelemetry Network
2-7
1. Verify everything is connected properly. See Section 2.5.1 for more
suggestions.
2. Use the error messages in the error file to identify where the link is
breaking down. See Section 2.5.2 for more information.
3. Try communicating from the base station to the field station, one step at a
time. Identify where communications failed. See Section 2.5.3 for more
information.
2.5 Troubleshooting Unsuccessful Communication
Attempts
2.5.1 Troubleshooting Physical Link Between Base and Field
Station
When communication is not established, troubleshooting begins with the
simplest RF link in the system, which is usually communication with the nearest
field station. There is NO substitute for first checking the hardware
connections, Station IDs, and everything listed in the previous section. Below
are a few additional items to check:
1. Antenna is used in proximity of metal.
2. Transmitting inside a building.
3. Damaged or shorted cables.
4. Bad or improper connections.
5. Antenna frequency does not match the radio frequency.
6. Base and field station radios aren't using same frequency.
7. Datalogger power drops below 9.6 Volts during RF transmission. Use
datalogger Instruction 10 or volt meter to measure battery voltage.
If the field station's RF310M Modem's Carrier Detect light goes on, then at
least a signal is reaching the site. If this occurs, check the following:
1. RF modem's ID matches ID in the RF Path.
2. Field station's radio and datalogger have sufficient power.
3. Radio is connected to RF modem.
4. RF modem is the only thing connected to datalogger's 9-pin connector.
2.5.2 Error Messages
PC208W will log all activity related to each Communications port (COM port).
There are two ways to view the messages. On the PC208W main tool bar, click
the Status button. The lower right part of the Status window has a button
labeled “View Messages”. Click the View Messages button. The message
window lists all events. The Status window has a check box to allow these
messages to be logged to disk. The log file is a text file.

Section 2. Assembling the Radiotelemetry Network
2-8
One possible error message is "RF1 Failed to Get Attention." This message
indicates PC208W cannot communicate with the RF310M modem. Check the
following items:
1. RF310B Base Station plugged into computer and wall outlet?
2. RF310B Power Switch turned on?
3. Has PC208W been set up correctly?
4. Is the proper COM port specified in the Setup window?
5. Is the SC12 9-pin cable inside the RF310B connected from the small
circuit board to the RF310M Modem?
6. Is there other software open that uses a COM port?
Another possible error message is "CR10X_1 Failed to Connect" (where
“CR10X_1” is the station name). If this message is given without the previous
message, "RF1 Failed to Get Attention", PC208W did connect with the RF
modem but not the datalogger. In this case, check the following items:
1. Are the radios plugged in to the RF modems?
2. Are the radios connected to power?
3. Verify that nothing but an RF modem is connected to the datalogger's 9-pin
connector.
4. Are Station IDs set properly in the RF Modems?
5. Is the RF Path in the Setup Window correct?
6. Are the antennas oriented correctly?
7. Check all antenna cable connections.
8. Turn radio off. Unplug the SC12 9-pin cable from the RF310M in the
RF310B, reconnect the SC12 cable and watch the carrier detect light.
Does the light stay on for one second, off for one second, on for one
second, and then off? If not, the RF310M could have bad RAM or ROM.
Also check the field/repeater station modems.
9. Is the field station datalogger turned on and does it have sufficient power?
VERIFY NEXT ERROR MESSAGE
The error message "RF Modem Does Not Respond" can occur if
communication is not returned to the base station. Check the following items:
1. Are all RF Modems connected to radios and dataloggers?
2. Are the antennas oriented properly?
3. Is the SDC switch open?
4. Is the proper COM port being specified?