Cassia C1000 User manual

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Copyright © 2020 Cassia Networks, Inc.
Version: EN-20200821-YJ
Cassia Networks, Inc.
97 East Brokaw Road, Suite 130
San Jose, CA 95112
[email protected]
Cassia Router Quick Start Guide
Release date: Aug 21st, 2020
Contents
1. Version Notice.................................................................................................................. 2
2. Network Environment Requirement ............................................................................... 2
3. Find Router’s MAC Address............................................................................................ 2
4. Setup using WiFi Hotspot................................................................................................ 3
5. Setup using Ethernet Connection................................................................................... 5
6. Configure AC Address..................................................................................................... 6
7. Configure Uplink Network ............................................................................................... 6
8. CAPWAP and MQTT Setting............................................................................................ 7
9. Enable Local RESTful API and OAuth2 Token ............................................................... 8
10. Finish Router Configurations and Sign out ................................................................. 10
11. Add Router to AC ........................................................................................................... 11
11.1. Login AC.............................................................................................................................. 11
11.2. Discover the Routers........................................................................................................... 11
11.3. Add the Routers .................................................................................................................. 12
12. Upgrade the Router ....................................................................................................... 12
13. Trouble Shooting Tips ................................................................................................... 14
14. Contact Cassia Support ................................................................................................ 16

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Copyright © 2020 Cassia Networks, Inc.
Version: EN-20200821-YJ
1. Version Notice
This document describes the steps of installing a Cassia router with firmware v1.3 or above.
If the customer is using firmware 1.2, please follow
https://www.cassianetworks.com/download/docs/Cassia_Quick_Start_Guide-v1.2.pdf
In this guideline, the Cassia router is running in AC Managed mode. If the router is running
in standalone mode (no AC), please skip chapter 6 and 11.
2. Network Environment Requirement
Please make sure the following ports are opened outbound on customer router side
firewall. Customer can check if a TCP port is opened by using Netcat in chapter 5.5.
Type
Port
M/O
Description
UDP
5246, 5247*
Mandatory
Router-AC communication based on CAPWAP. *Port
5246 and 5246 can be disabled after migrating router-AC
communication to MQTT (see below steps)
TCP
8883
Router-AC communication based on MQTT
(recommended from firmware v2.0.2)
HTTP
80*
Mandatory
Container and APP download from AC based on HTTP.
*HTTP port 80 can be disabled if HTTPS is enabled
HTTPS
443
Container and APP download from AC based on HTTPS
UDP
53
Mandatory*
DNS lookup for AC address. *Optional if internal DNS
is specified in router network configuration
TCP
9999
Mandatory
Remote SSH to container (laptop->8001->AC<-9999<-
container)
TCP
1883
Optional
For MQTT bypass function only (see chapter 5.6)
Below image shows the ports which may be used in the system.
3. Find Router’s MAC Address
Please find Cassia router’s MAC address on the bottom of the router.

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Copyright © 2020 Cassia Networks, Inc.
Version: EN-20200821-YJ
Figure 1: Cassia router’s MAC address
NOTE: If you are filtering MAC addresses in your security policy, please make sure to input
the active MAC addresses. For example, if you are using WIFI for uplink connection, the
active MAC will be label MAC + 1. Please see below table for the details.
Model
Label MAC
Ethernet MAC
WIFI MAC
C1000/X1000
MAC
MAC
MAC+1
E1000
MAC
MAC
MAC+1
S2000
MAC
MAC
MAC+1
S1000/S1100
MAC
MAC
MAC-1
4. Setup using WiFi Hotspot
From firmware 1.2, Cassia Bluetooth router provides a WIFI hotspot (2.4GHz only) for initial
setup. Its SSID is cassia-xxxxxx (the xxxxxx corresponds to the last 6 digits of the router’s
MAC address). The default password of the WIFI hotspot is the same as the SSID.
For example, if the router’s MAC address is “CC:1B:E0:E0:96:DC”, the WIFI hotspot SSID and
its default password will be “cassia-E096DC”.
Figure 2: Router’s WIFI hotspot (2.4GHz only)
Then, power up your Cassia router, search its WIFI hotspot from your laptop and connect
your laptop to the WIFI hotspot.

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Copyright © 2020 Cassia Networks, Inc.
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If you can’t find the WIFI hotspot, and you are sure that your firmware is 1.2 or above,
please press and hold the reset button at the bottom of Cassia router for 10 to 15 seconds
while the router is powered on.
Figure 3: Cassia Router Reset Button
Please open Google Chrome in your laptop and enter the router’s default IP address
192.168.40.1. The default web username and password is admin/admin.
At the first time you log in, the system will ask you to change the default password. The
password should include number, characters and special characters. The password length
should be between 8-20. Please note down your new password for future use.
If you forget the username and password, please reset the Cassia Bluetooth router. Once
reset, the username and password will be restored to admin/admin. What is more, the
router configurations in below table will be set to the default profile settings. The country
code, container and customer APP will not be impacted. You need to configure the Cassia
router again.
Parameter
Manufacturing Default Value
Router Console Username
admin
Router Console Password
(set new password)
AC Server Address
Empty
Local RESTful API
OFF
Remote Assistance
OFF
Connection Priority
Wired
WIFI / Operating Mode
Hotspot
WIFI / SSID
cassia-xxxxxx
WIFI / Password
cassia-xxxxxx

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Copyright © 2020 Cassia Networks, Inc.
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Figure 4: Cassia router’s web login page
Now, please log in to the router’s web page with the new password.
Figure 5: Cassia router’s web login page
5. Setup using Ethernet Connection
If you don’t have a laptop which supports WiFi, please connect the Cassia Bluetooth router
to a managed Ethernet switch and access the DHCP table or scan using a port scanning tool
to locate the IP address assigned to the router’s MAC ID.
After that, please open Google Chrome on a computer that is connected to the same
network and enter the IP address discovered above.

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Copyright © 2020 Cassia Networks, Inc.
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6. Configure AC Address
Figure 6: Configure AC address in Cassia router’s web
The customer can skip this step in below scenarios.
•If the router and the AC are in the same network and DHCP is configured in the
network, AC can discover the routers automatically (see chapter 8.2).
•If the customer needs to configure more Cassia routers at the same time, it is better
to use DHCP server option 43 to help the routers to find the AC. IP gateway will
serve as DHCP relay.
•If the router is configured as standalone mode, there will be no AC.
7. Configure Uplink Network
The Cassia Bluetooth Router supports Ethernet (Wired), WIFI and Cellular dongles as
networking uplink.
Please check chapter 5.2 in Cassia Bluetooth Router User Manual for more information. In
this guideline, we use Ethernet as an example.
Below is the configuration with wired and DHCP.

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Copyright © 2020 Cassia Networks, Inc.
Version: EN-20200821-YJ
Figure 7: Setup network configuration for your router
Below is the configuration with wired and static IP.
Figure 8: Setup network configuration for your router
8. CAPWAP and MQTT Setting
Before firmware 2.0.2, Cassia Bluetooth router communicates with AC using CAPWAP
protocol. CAPWAP is based on UDP port 5246 and 5247, and uses DTLS 1.2 to ensure the
security.
From firmware 2.0.2, customer can select MQTT for the communication between routers and

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AC. MQTT uses TCP port 8883 and TLS 1.2. MQTT improves the robustness of router and AC
communication. It brings higher upgrade success rate and less BLE data drop rate. What is
more, sometimes the customer’s firewall doesn’t allow UDP packets to pass. In this case,
MQTT will help the packets between router and AC pass through the customer’s firewall.
One Cassia AC can use MQTT to communicate with some routers and use CAPWAP to
communicate with the other routers at the same time. By default, a new 2.0.3 AC only has
MQTT port enabled. An 2.0.3 AC upgraded from lower versions will have both CAPWAP and
MQTT ports enabled for backward compatible. Customer can enable/disable CAPWAP and
MQTT ports on AC by setting “CAPWAP port” and “MQTT port” in AC setting page.
Customer can disable CAPWAP ports, if don’t want the routers to connect this AC by
CAPWAP.
Customer can set the preferred router-AC protocol by setting parameter “AC-Router
Protocol Priority” on Cassia Bluetooth router. First, the router will try to use the preferred
protocol to connect AC. If it failed, e.g. port is blocked by firewall, the router will try the
other protocol automatically. After router is online, customer can find the actually used
protocol by checking “AC-Router Protocol” parameter. From firmware 2.0.3, the default “AC-
Router Protocol Priority” is MQTT. If the router was upgrade from lower versions, the
default value will be CAPWAP.
Please check chapter 4.4 of Cassia user manual for more information.
9. Enable Local RESTful API and OAuth2 Token
This step is only valid for the customers who wants to use RESTful APIs on the local routers
(not through AC or in container).
From firmware 2.0.3, customer can enable OAuth2 token for Cassia local RESTful API to
improve the security. The default value is off.

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Copyright © 2020 Cassia Networks, Inc.
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From firmware 1.3, if the router is configured as standalone mode, local RESTful API will be
automatically turned on. If the router is configured as AC managed mode, the local RESTful
API will be automatically turned off.
Figure 9: (v1.3) Configuration of Router Mode on Router Console
For firmware 1.2, customer needs to turn on Local RESTful API in AC console or router
console manually. Please see below figures.

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Copyright © 2020 Cassia Networks, Inc.
Version: EN-20200821-YJ
Figure 10: (v1.2) Turn on Local RESTful API in AC Console
Figure 11: (v1.2) Turn on Local RESTful API in Router Console
10. Finish Router Configurations and Sign out
Please follow Cassia User Manual to finish other router configurations, if necessary. After
the configuration, please click Sign Out button in Other page to sign out.

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Copyright © 2020 Cassia Networks, Inc.
Version: EN-20200821-YJ
Figure 13: Cassia router configuration page –other continued
11. Add Router to AC
11.1. Login AC
Please switch your laptop to the WIFI SSID which will provide you with Internet access.
Please open Google Chrome and enter the IP address or domain name of the AC, and log in.
Figure 14: Cassia AC login page
11.2. Discover the Routers
Navigate to the Routers page.
Figure 15: Discover Bluetooth routers
After clicking Discover button, Cassia AC will identify the routers that are either in the same
local network as the AC or have been configured to talk to this AC (see chapter 5) but
haven’t been added to the AC yet.

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11.3. Add the Routers
Please find the routers you want to add, then click “Add selected routers” button. You can
select multiple routers and add all of them in one batch.
Figure 16: Add the routers into the AC
12. Upgrade the Router
If your router is not running the latest firmware, you can upgrade the firmware.
If you don’t have the latest firmware on the AC yet, please get it from Cassia, and then
upload it to the AC maintenance page. The latest firmware download is available here:
https://www.cassianetworks.com/knowledge-base/router-gateway-firmware/. Please
note, this download site is password protected for Cassia’s authorized partners
Figure 17: Upload firmware to the AC
Please navigate to Routers page, select the router(s) that you want to upgrade, and click the

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Upgrade button.
Figure 18: Upgrade a router
Please choose a firmware you want to upgrade to, and then click OK. If E1000 and X1000
firmware upgrade fails during firmware download, it will resume from last broken
download.
Figure 19: Select a firmware and upgrade the router
From firmware 1.3, the customer can update the router’s firmware locally from router
console by clicking the Select File and Upgrade button. If the firmware image is encrypted
with *.GPG, please switch on “Verify GPG File Encryption?”. Please turn it off if the
firmware image is *.gz file format.
From firmware 1.4.2, the user can update the router’s firmware from an Android smart
phone locally. Please download the router firmware on to your smart phone in advance and
log into the router’s local console from WiFi hotspot (2.4GHz only) or router’s private IP.

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Copyright © 2020 Cassia Networks, Inc.
Version: EN-20200821-YJ
Figure 20: Update router’s firmware locally from router web
13. Trouble Shooting Tips
Router does not generate the WIFI hotspot (2.4GHz only) for setup:
•Cassia router’s WiFi hotspot is 2.4GHz only
•If the router is configured to use a WIFI network for uplink, the router will not
generate a WIFI hotspot.
•Check the power supply and make sure the power and Wi-Fi LED is ON.
•Try to reset the Cassia Bluetooth router according to chapter 4.
NOTE: once reset, all router configurations will be reset to the default profile
settings, except for country code, container and customer APP. What is more, the
router debug log and route event log will be cleaned. If you would like Cassia to
trouble shooting this issue, please don’t reset router!
Forget the login credentials or make a mistake while configuring the WIFI network SSID or
password:
•From firmware 2.0.3, the user can enable “Verify before saving” before switching to
Client mode. If the router can’t connect to Wi-Fi AP within 30 seconds, it will switch
back to Hotspot mode automatically. This function will avoid un-necessary router
reset if the user set wrong Wi-Fi configuration.
•Please follow chapter 4 to reset the Cassia Bluetooth router.
NOTE: once reset, all router configurations will be reset to the default profile
settings, except for country code, container and customer APP.
Wi-Fi or cellular uplink connection is not stable
•If you are using router firmware v2.0 or higher versions, please check the Wi-Fi and
cellular network signal strength on AC->Router->Details->Uplink or router console
Status tab. If the signal strength is POOR, please try other WiFi SSID, try 5G WiFi, try

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Copyright © 2020 Cassia Networks, Inc.
Version: EN-20200821-YJ
SIM card from other cellular operators or try other uplink solutions. NOTE: Only
some cellular modems support signal strength measurement. Please check Cassia
user manual for the list.
•If you are using router firmware lower than v2.0, please check the Wi-Fi and cellular
signal strength on your mobile phone.
Router does not connect to AC server (Status page doesn’t show Online Time):
•Double check the Bluetooth router configuration and Internet connection
•Check Ethernet and Wi-Fi LED on Cassia Bluetooth router. Check the LED on USB
cellular modem.
•In case a USB cellular modem is used, check the model is supported (check Cassia
User Manual) and that the modem has established a connection to a mobile
network.
•Check that the used network does not use VPN.
•Check the used network firewall settings. Please check chapter 2 for more
information.
•Check the connection to AC with Debug Tools in Other tab. Please check Cassia User
Manual chapter 5.5 for more information.
•Check CAPWAP and MQTT configuration. Please check chapter 4.4 of Cassia User
Manual for more information.
•Reboot the Bluetooth router (power off/on)
Check if the Bluetooth device can be scan or connect
•Check the Bluetooth device is power on and working well.
•Check the BLE LED is ON.
•The router location or orientation needs to be changed if the Bluetooth devices are
not reachable or if the RSSI of is lower than -70, e.g. -80. If you are using AC
software v1.4 or higher versions, you can try to scan and connect the Bluetooth
device with AC Bluetooth Debug Tool (please check Cassia User Manual). Please use
http://www.bluetooth.tech/debugger/, if you are using lower AC versions.
oRSSI value between 0 and -70 is OK
oRSSI value between -70 and -80 is weak. The Bluetooth device might be scan
and connect from time to time
oRSSI value -80 or less is poor. Most probably the Bluetooth device cannot be
reached.
E1000/S2000 LED (Green)
LED
Function
Status
Description
PWR
Power status
Off
Power off
Solid on
Power on
SYS
System status
Off
System didn't start or cannot operate normally
Solid on
System cannot operate normally
Fast blinking
System is starting or going to reset
Slow blinking
System is operating normally
ETH
Ethernet status
Off
No Ethernet link
On
Ethernet link present

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Copyright © 2020 Cassia Networks, Inc.
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Blinking
Sending or receiving data
WIFI
Wi-Fi status
Off
Wi-Fi didn't start or is in disable mode
On
Wi-Fi is operating normally in hotspot or client mode
Blinking
Sending or receiving data
BT1/2
Bluetooth status
Off
Bluetooth chip didn't start
Solid on
Bluetooth chip is operating normally
Fast blinking
Bluetooth connection has been setup
Slow blinking
Bluetooth scan has been enabled
X1000 LED (Blue)
LED
Function
Status
Description
PWR
Power status
Off
Power off
Solid on
Power on
14. Contact Cassia Support
If you can’t fix the issue following the tips in chapter 14, please contact Cassia support
[e-mail]. Please export router debug log and router event log, and
email to us for further analysis.
NOTE: the router debug log and route event log will be cleaned after router reset. If you
would like Cassia to trouble shooting, please don’t reset router!
From firmware 2.0.3, the user can download router debug log from AC too (see below
screenshot). Only one router’s debug log can be downloaded from AC at the same time. It
may take 2-5 minutes (time out in 10 min) to download one router’s debug log. Please
don’t touch AC console and wait until the download finished, otherwise the download may
be interrupted. This log is not readable to end users.
On AC console, customer can export router event log by clicking below button.

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Copyright © 2020 Cassia Networks, Inc.
Version: EN-20200821-YJ
On router console, customer can export router debug log by clicking Export Debug Log
button on Other tab. This log is not readable to end users.
On router console, customer can export Router event log by clicking the Export button on
Events tab.