Dankoff Solar Products SunCentric P User manual

Instruction Manual
Solar Powered Centrifugal Pump
for swimming pools, agriculture & more
Dankoff Solar Products, Inc
Santa Fe, NM USA
[phone]
[phone]
www.dankoffsolar.com
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 WARNINGS ......................................................................................................................................3
2 INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................................4
3 INSTALLING THE SOLAR ARRAY...................................................................................................4
3.1 Location of the Solar Array................................................................................................................................ 4
3.2 Solar Array Mounting Rack ............................................................................................................................... 5
3.3 Solar Array Assembly Methods......................................................................................................................... 5
3.4 Orienting the Solar Array to Solar South .......................................................................................................... 6
3.5 Setting the Solar Array Tilt Angle...................................................................................................................... 7
4 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION .........................................................................................................8
4.1 Controller, Junction Box, and Conduit .............................................................................................................. 8
4.2 Grounding and Lightning Protection ............................................................................................................... 11
4.3 Solar Array Wiring............................................................................................................................................ 13
4.4 Solar Array Disconnect Switch in the Junction Box ....................................................................................... 14
4.5 Junction Box (Controller Input) Wiring............................................................................................................ 14
4.6 Maximum RPM Setting.................................................................................................................................... 15
4.7 Motor Wiring Order for Correct Rotation......................................................................................................... 16
4.8 Pump Motor Bonding and Grounding ............................................................................................................. 16
4.9 Low-Water Probe for Dry-Run Protection....................................................................................................... 17
4.10 External ON/OFF Switching ............................................................................................................................ 17
4.11 Automatic Control For Full-Tank Shutoff ........................................................................................................ 19
4.12 AC Backup ....................................................................................................................................................... 21
5 SWIMMING POOL SYSTEMS.........................................................................................................22
5.1 The Need for Low-Friction Piping and Filtration............................................................................................. 22
5.2 Interface with Pool Cleaners and Pool Sweeps ............................................................................................. 23
6 PUMP INSTALLATION ...................................................................................................................24
6.1 Pump Location ................................................................................................................................................. 24
6.2 Piping................................................................................................................................................................ 24
6.3 Suction-Lift Applications .................................................................................................................................. 25
7 OPERATING THE PUMP................................................................................................................26
8 MAINTENANCE..............................................................................................................................27
8.1 Pump Maintenance.......................................................................................................................................... 27
8.2 Controller and Junction Box Maintenance...................................................................................................... 28
8.3 Solar Array Maintenance................................................................................................................................. 28
8.4 Electrical Wiring Maintenance......................................................................................................................... 28
Exploded View of Pump..................................................................................................................................................... 29
8.6 Parts List, Pump and Motor............................................................................................................................. 30
9 TROUBLE SHOOTING ...................................................................................................................31
9.1 If The Pump Doesn’t Run ................................................................................................................................ 31
9.2 Inspect The System......................................................................................................................................... 31
9.3 Test The System.............................................................................................................................................. 32
9.4 If The Pump Runs But Flow Is Less Than Normal......................................................................................... 33
10 WARRANTY................................................................................................................................34

1 WARNINGS
Failure to follow these instructions will void the warranty.
REFER TO THE SPECK PUMP OWNER’S MANUAL ENCLOSED, FOR SAFETY
WARNINGS AND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
The installer is required to reset the “Maximum RPM” setting in the controller to position 2,
illustrated in Section 4.6.
Open circuit (no-load) voltage above 100V will destroy the controller. This may occur if the
wrong PV modules (solar panels) are used, or if the solar array is incorrectly wired. Measure
the array voltage before connecting to the controller. A “48V” (nominal) array should produce
an open circuit voltage around 75-90V under any daylight conditions. (See Solar Array Wiring,
Section 4.3)
Do not attempt to run the ETAPUMP Motor without the ETAPUMP controller.
Do not attempt to use ETAPUMP controller for any purpose other than ETAPUMP.
To be installed, connected and serviced by qualified personnel only. Ensure all power sources
are disconnected when making connections to this unit. Follow all appropriate electrical
codes. There are no user serviceable parts inside the motor or the controller.
Install proper system grounding for safety and lightning protection (See Section 4.2)
Do not touch the controller input or pump wires together to test for a spark.
Do not run the pump dry. Fill it at least half-way with water for testing.
Test the direction of motor rotation before installing the pump (clockwise looking at back of
motor). If direction is reversed, exchange the connection of any two of the three power wires
to the pump. (See Section 4.7)
When pump is stopped by a shadow or by action of float switch, it will restart after a 30–90
seconds.
SWIMMING POOL APPLICATIONS normally do not use a low-water probe or float switch.
Their terminals must be bypassed in the junction box. (See section 4.5)
Installation should be in accordance with local regulations and accepted codes of good practice.
This manual is the property of the pump owner.
Please give it to the owner or maintenance personnel when you are finished!
Request copies from your SunCentric supplier, or download from www.dankoffsolar.com
Copyright © 2003 by BERNT LORENTZ KG and DANKOFF SOLAR PRODUCTS, INC. All rights reserved
ETAPUMPis a registered trademark of BERNT LORENTZ KG
SUNCENTRIC P™ is a trademark of DANKOFF SOLAR PRODUCTS, INC.
Version 1.4 September, 2003
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2 INTRODUCTION
REFER TO THE SPECK PUMP OWNER’S MANUAL ENCLOSED
FOR SAFETY WARNINGS AND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Thank you for purchasing the Dankoff SunCentric P™ Solar Pool Pumping System. This system is
based on time-tested components and 20 years of solar pumping experience. Please follow these
instructions carefully. If you have any questions or problems, please call your Dankoff dealer, or call the
factory. We try very hard to make our products work in all cases.
Before you begin Check the model numbers of all the components of your system, and verify that
they are the items that you ordered. Also check against the SunCentric P specifications and performance
charts (end of this manual) to be sure the system is appropriate for your application.
Please read the labels on your pump motor and controller and enter the serial numbers here. This will
help you to obtain parts or service in the future.
PUMP MOTOR MODEL #_____ SERIAL #_____ 
 Please enter
CONTROLLER MODEL #_____ SERIAL #_____ 
 Please enter
SYSTEM # ________
3 INSTALLING THE SOLAR ARRAY
3.1 Location of the Solar Array
Sunlight is the “fuel” that drives a solar pump. Full solar exposure of the solar array is critical for the
performance of a solar-direct system.
Choose a location for the solar array that has unrestricted sun exposure through the day and through the
year. The array can be placed several hundred feet (100 m) or more from the wellhead. There will be no
loss of performance if the electrical wire is sized properly, but naturally, the cost of wire will increase
significantly.
WARNING A small shadow on the solar array will cause the pump to slow or stop completely.
Each PV module (panel) contains a series of solar cells (typically 36 or 72 cells). Every cell that is
shaded acts like a resistor, reducing the output of the entire array. Shading just one corner of the array
will reduce the power disproportionately, and may even stop the pump. Consider this when deciding
where to install the array.
To determine where shadows may be cast at any time of the year, you can survey the site with a Solar
Pathfinder®. This device is especially useful in forested areas or wherever there are obstructions nearby.
It is available directly from Solar Pathfinder (USA) Tel. & fax [phone], www.solarpathfinder.com.
Place the bottom edge of the array at least 2 feet (.6 m) above ground to clear rain spatter, growing
vegetation and snow. Keep in mind that trees and perennial plants will grow taller over the years.

3.2 Solar Array Mounting Rack
WARNING All parts of your mounting structure must be engineered for wind resistance, ease of
adjustment, and safety.
Follow the rack manufacturer’s instructions that are packed with your rack.
WARNING Use extreme caution when assembling
the array above your head. You will work with a large
and heavy assembly and unpredictable wind. The use of
ladders can be dangerous. It is best to assemble a
platform using a strong scaffold assembly (the
temporary platform system that is used for building
construction). A scaffold system can be rented from a
local supplier.
Solar Tracking A solar tracker is a special pole-
mounted solar array rack that tilts automatically to follow
the daily path of the sun. In clear summer weather, it
can increase your daily pumping volume by 40-50%. (It
is much less effective in winter and in cloudy weather.)
A tracker is an option with SunCentric P Systems.
PHOTO Typical assembly of a solar array on a passive
(non-electric) tracker. The tracker pipe was extended to
about 10 feet (3m), by welding it to a larger pipe. The
array was assembled and wired on the ground, then
lifted and lowered onto the pole with the help of a
backhoe and chain. Wire is single-conductor type USE
(outdoor rated). See how the wire is looped. This allows
it to shed water, and to flex easily as the tracker swings
East-West. Wires enter the conduit through a “weather
head” fitting (enlarged).
3.3 Solar Array Assembly Methods
WARNING Use extreme caution when assembling the array above your head. You will work with a
large and heavy assembly and unpredictable wind. The use of ladders can be dangerous.
There are two ways to install the solar array. See PHOTO GALLERY for examples.
1. Assemble the array on the ground, wiring and all, then lift the entire assembly onto the pole or
roof. A system of 300 watts or more may require the assistance of a backhoe, boom truck or
crane to lift it over the pole.
Assemble the array piece-by-piece on the pole. If the pole is higher than about 6 feet (2m), it is best to
construct a temporary platform, like a scaffold assembly commonly used in building construction). A
scaffold system can be rented from a local supplier.

3.4 Orienting the Solar Array to Solar South
For full performance, your solar array must be oriented within 10° of true (solar) south. Depending on
your location, a compass reading may show an error of as much as 20°. To correct this discrepancy,
apply the magnetic declination for your region. Many regional maps indicate the magnetic declination. If
you don’t have a compass but can see your shadow and know the time of day, use this Sun Compass.
Sun Compass™
For the USA (lower 48 states) and other 25° to 55° North latitude regions.
Find True South quickly and accurately using only your shadow. No magnetic compass needed!
Sun Compass Instructions
1. Draw an arrow from Month dot to intersection of your Standard Time and Latitude.
(The gray line is an example: August, 2 PM at 40° N lat.)
2. Stand and face your shadow.
3. Hold this page horizontally.
4. Point the arrow that you drew to center of your shadow.
5. Sun Compass now indicates the four directions.
Sun Compass™is available for the following latitudes:
1. U.S.A. (25° to 55°) – shown here 3. Equatorial (20° N to 20° S)
2. Northern (50° N to 70° N) 4. Southern (10° S to 40° S)
To obtain reproduction rights, contact: John Veltman PO Box 23533, Santa Fe, NM 87502 USA
North
Aug
8 A
M
9AM
10AM
11AM 1PM
2 PM
4PM
3PM
Jul
Jun
Apr
Mar
Jan
Feb
May
Oct
Nov
Dec
Sep
2 P
M
3PM
4PM
10AM
9AM
8 A
M
11AM
South
6AM
7AM 5PM
6PM
East
© 1996 b
y
John Veltman
50°
40°
30°
West

3.5 Setting the Solar Array Tilt Angle
Some solar array racks are adjustable to a desired angle, to accommodate both the location and the
season. We offer these choices for seasonal management.
1. YEAR-ROUND COMPROMISE (no seasonal adjustment) Set the angle equal to the latitude of
the location and “forget it”. This is good if the pool is to be used year-round.
2. SEASONALLY ADJUSTED This is good if you want to maximize performance for both the winter
and the summer-half of the year. It is sufficient to perform the adjustment only twice per year, at
the spring and autumn equinoxes, to the angles indicated below. For central USA, daily water
production will be increased by about 8% in summer, 5% in winter compared to option 1. There is
less advantage in a cloudier climate. If adjustment is difficult or is likely to be forgotten, this is not
a good option.
3. SUMMER USE For use only during summer half of the year, set the array to the seasonal
angle shown below, and “forget it”. The pump will function in the winter, but at a substantially
reduced pumping rate.
Ideal angles (from horizontal) are: Summer optimum = latitude -15° Winter optimum = latitude + 15°
Solar Array Tilt Angles by latitude
Summer Winter Year-Round
Location (examples) Latitude Tilt Tilt Compromise
Southern Canada 50° 35° 65° 50°
Upper Third of USA 45° 30° 60° 45°
Middle Third of USA 40° 25° 55° 40°
Lower Third of USA 35° 20° 50° 35°
Central Mexico 20° 5° * 35° 20°
* 0-25° latitudes Apply a minimum tilt angle of 10°, or dust and debris will accumulate.

4 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION
4.1 Controller, Junction Box, and Conduit
WARNING To be installed, connected and serviced by qualified personnel only. Ensure all power
sources are disconnected when making connections to the controller. Follow all appropriate
electrical codes. There are no user serviceable parts inside the motor or the controller.
System Wiring Diagram If your pump was purchased as part of a pre-packaged system, a System
Wiring Diagram should be attached at the back of this manual.
Location If the solar array is to be located more than about 100 feet (30m) from the pump, place the
controller close to the solar array, not the pump. This will reduce the risk of lightning damage.
Explanation — The controller’s input circuitry is more sensitive to surges than its output. It is safest to
minimize the length of the input wiring.
Protection from solar heat Electronic devices are most reliable when they are protected from heat.
The ideal location is in the pump room. If there isn’t a pump room with adequate space, mount the
controller in the shade of the mid-day sun. If the controller is to be mounted at the solar array, an ideal
location is directly under the array, on the north side of the mounting pole. If shade is not available, cut a
piece of sheet metal and bolt it behind the top of the controller. Bend it over the controller to provide
shade. This is especially important in extremely hot locations.
Location of controller For outdoor installation, mount the controller vertically to shed rainwater. It is
preferable to mount it ON THE NORTH SIDE of a pole or other structure, to help reduce solar heating.
This may also allow easiest access without hitting your head on the lower (south) edge of the array.
Junction box A pre-wired junction box is included with your system. The junction box terminals will
handle pump wires as large as #6 (13 sq. mm). If large wires cannot be accommodated easily in the box,
you can join them to smaller wires in the junction box. #12 (4 sq. mm) or larger is acceptable for this very
short length. Do NOT remove terminal screws. If the key to the junction box gets lost, it can be opened
with a screwdriver.
ON/OFF switch If the controller and junction box is not to be installed near the pump, and an ON/OFF
switch is required near the pump, or if a timer, float switch, or any other external on/off control is
required, refer to Section 4.10, External ON/OFF Switching.
Mounting the controller and junction box to a pole See photos on the following page. The controller
can be mounted onto the solar array support pole using materials available from your local electric
supply store. The best mounting hardware is “slotted strut” (Unistrut® or equivalent). This makes a
strong assembly that is easy to adjust. In USA, these materials are commonly available from electric
suppliers.
Other methods of mounting to a pole:
1. Make “U-bolts” from threaded steel rod. You may need to drill additional holes in the junction box.
Seal unused holes with a permanent sealant.
2. Attach a metal plate to the pole and bolt the boxes to the plate.
3. Drill and tap holes in the pole, drill matching bolt holes (centered) in the boxes.
Electrical conduit is recommended Electrical conduit (pipe) protects outdoor wiring from the
weather, from human activities, and from chewing animals. If you don’t use conduit, use strong, high-
quality outdoor cable. Where cables enter the junction box, install sealed strain-relief cable clamps.

Keep the controller and junction box sealed Unused holes must be sealed against animals, insects,
water and dirt. Each hole is supplied with a rubber plug that can be kept in place for this purpose.
CAUTION Loose connections are the most common cause of system failures.
Pull on each connection to confirm that it is secure.
PHOTO GALLERY
Illustrated on the next pages is a 300-watt solar-direct system with a pole mount. The pump controller
and the junction box are installed on the pole. The array is set at summer tilt angle. The controller is
mounted on the north side of the pole, directly under the array. This shades it from the hot mid-day sun.
This system was installed by students in a solar water pumping class.
Photos courtesy of Solar Energy International, Carbondale, CO, USA

Bare ground wires bond the PV modules to
the controller enclosure, and continue down
to the ground rod. Flat braid is shown at the
array. It is flexible and eliminates need for
lugs.
slotted strut (Unistrut® or
equivalent), cut to the width
of the box.
conduit clamp to fit slotted strut
hose clamp
Typical assembly of the controller and
junction box on the solar array mounting
pole. Boxes are secured using slotted strut
and conduit clamps.
Mount the controller on the north side of
the pole to reduce solar heating.

4.2 Grounding and Lightning Protection
WARNING Failure to install and connect an effective grounding system will greatly increase the
risk of lightning damage and will void your warranty. We suggest you wire the grounding system
FIRST so it is not overlooked. The concrete footer of a ground-mounted array will NOT provide adequate
electrical grounding.
Surges induced by lightning are one of the most common causes of electronic controller failures in solar
water pumps. Damaging surges can be induced from lightning that strikes a long distance from the
system, or even between clouds. The risk of damage is greatly reduced if these instructions are followed.
Construct a discharge path to ground A properly made discharge path to ground (earth) will
discharge static electricity that accumulates in the above-ground structure. This helps prevent the
attraction of lightning. If a lightning strike occurs at close proximity, a well-grounded conductive structure
can divert the surge AROUND the power circuitry, greatly reducing the potential for damage. The
ETAPUMP controller has built-in surge protectors, but they help ONLY if the system is effectively
grounded.
Earth connection – Create an effective discharge path It helps to picture this as a “drain field“ for
electrons. Here are suggestions for grounding, in order of their efficacy:
1. The best possible ground rod is a steel well casing located near the array. Drill and tap a hole to
make a strong bolted connection to the casing with good metallic contact. Bolt on a brass terminal
lug. After the connection is made, seal the connection with silicone sealant or other waterproof
compound to prevent corrosion. Protect the ground wire(s) from physical damage so they aren’t
stressed by being stepped on, etc.
2. Install a copper plate or other specialized grounding devices designed for the purpose. Some
systems use salts to improve the conductivity of the surrounding soil.
3. Install one or more copper-plated ground rods at least 8 feet (2.5m) long, preferably in moist earth.
Where the ground gets very dry (poorly conductive), install more than one rod, spaced at least 10
feet (3m) apart.
4. If the soil is rocky and doesn’t allow ground rods to be driven, bury BARE copper wire in a trench at
least 100 feet (30m) long. If a trench is to be dug for burial of water pipes, ground wire can be run
along the bottom of the trench. The wire size must be minimum #6 (16 sq. mm) or double #8 (10 sq.
mm). Connect one end to the array structure and controller. Or, cut the ground wire shorter and
spread it in more than one direction.
To achieve good grounding in a dry, rocky location, consult a local contractor who specializes in lightning
protection. It is best to plan the procedure in advance, and to coordinate the effort with other earth-
excavating procedures that need to be done. Reference: www.lightning.org
Bond (interconnect) all the metal structural components and electrical enclosures Interconnect
the PV module (solar panel) frames, the mounting rack, and the ground terminals of the disconnect
switch and the controller, using wire of minimum size #8 (6mm2), and run the wire to an earth
connection.
Ground connections at the controller The controller and junction box have redundant ground
terminals inside. They are all connected in common with the metal enclosures of both the controller and
the junction box. Ground connections can be made to any of these points.
Ground connections to aluminum This applies to connections at the solar array framework, and at
the controller’s enclosure box. Connections to aluminum must be made using terminal lugs that have an
aluminum-to-copper rating (labeled “AL/CU”) and stainless steel fasteners. This will reduce the potential
for corrosion.

Grounding the pump ETAPUMP requires a ground wire for safety. Connect the ground wire to any
ground connection in the junction box or to the controller enclosure.
Float switch cable (This does not apply to swimming pool applications.) A long run of control cable to a
float switch can pick up damaging surges from nearby lightning. The best protection is to use shielded,
twisted-pair cable (Dankoff Solar Item #10326). Shielded cable has a metallic foil or braid surrounding
the two wires. Ground the cable shield as illustrated in Section 5.1.
CAUTION Ground the cable shield at the controller end only, not at the float switch.
Additional lightning protection The ETAPUMP controller has built-in surge protection devices.
However, additional grounding measures or surge protection devices are recommended under any of the
following conditions:
1. Isolated location on high ground in a severe lightning area
2. Dry, rocky, or otherwise poorly conductive soil
3. Long wire run (more than 100 feet / 30m) from the controller to the wellhead, or to the float switch.
Additional lightning protection devices (surge arrestors) can be obtained from your ETAPUMP supplier.
The device(s) for the controller’s PV input, float switch and probe connections, must be rated for DC. The
device(s) for the controller’s AC output to the motor must be rated for 3-phase AC. In each case, the
clamping (bypass) voltage should be 90V or higher, but not much higher.
DO NOT GROUND the positive or the negative of the power circuit. The best lightning protection
results from grounding the metallic structure only, and leaving the power system ungrounded. This is
called a “floating” system.
Explanation: With a floating system and a good structural ground, lightning induced surges tend to
reach ground through the structure, instead of the power circuit. When high voltage is induced in the
power circuit, the voltage in negative and the positive sides tend to be nearly equal, thus the voltage
BETWEEN the two is not so high, and not usually destructive. This method has been favored for many
decades by most engineers in the remote power and telecommunications fields.
Exception for battery systems: You can connect the pump to a battery-based home power system
that has a negative ground. If the wiring distance to the pump exceeds 100 feet (particularly in a high
lightning area), DC-rated surge protection devices are recommended.
Legal exception: If the local electrical authority requires power circuit grounding, ground the PV
ARRAY NEGATIVE wire. This may increase the risk of lightning damage.
Solar array wiring Bind the array wires close together, or use multi-wire cable. Avoid forming loops.
This helps induced voltages in each side of the circuit to equalize and cancel each other out.
Wire twisting for long runs Twisting wires together tends to equalize the surge-induced voltage so the
voltage differential between the wires is small. This reduces the probability of damage. This method is
employed in telephone cable, for example. Some power cables are manufactured with twisted
conductors. To twist wires yourself, you can alternate the direction of the twist about every 30 feet (10
m). This makes the job much easier.
WARNING Keep solar pump wiring away from electric fence systems. Do not connect the pump
system to the same ground rod as an electric fence system. Do not run a float switch cable close to an
electric fence.

4.3 Solar Array Wiring
WARNING: Your photovoltaic array generates hazardous voltages. A 48 Volt (nominal) array can
generate nearly 100 volts when disconnected from load. A short circuit or loose connection will
produce an arc that can cause serious burns. All wiring must be done by qualified personnel, in
compliance with local, state, and national electrical codes.
The solar array can produce hazardous voltage even under low light exposure. To prevent shock hazard
while wiring the array, leave one or more wires disconnected or cover it with opaque fabric.
SunCentric P solar-direct (non-battery) systems use a variety of array configurations. Some use 12V
(nominal) modules, and some use 24V modules. Modules are connected in series for 36 or 48V, and
sometimes also in parallel to increase the current. Refer to the System Wiring Diagram for your system,
attached at the end of this manual. Be sure the modules (panels) match the description on your System
Wiring Diagram.
Solar module connections The terminals in the module junction boxes can be confusing. Refer to the
module manufacturer’s instructions that are packed with the modules. Make strong connections that will
hold for many years. Most array failures are caused by loose,
corroded, or shorted connections.
PHOTOS show two types of PV module junction systems.
TOP Quick-connect system using “MC” connectors.
BOTTOM Conventional junction box with conduit holes.
Type of wire Use either electrical conduit or outdoor UV-
resistant wire. The solar array has a life expectancy beyond
twenty years. Don’t degrade it with inferior materials! Use
minimum wire size #12 (4 sq. mm) for the connections between
modules and for short distances to the controller. Some
appropriate types of wire are: USE, UF, SE and SOOW.
Solar tracker wiring If you are installing a solar tracker, pay
careful attention to the wire section that leads from the moving
rack down to the stationary mounting pipe. Use materials that
are highly flexible. Form a drip loop to shed water and to
minimize stress. Secure the assembly mechanically at each
end so the insulation and the connections are not stressed by
the tracker’s motion. Swing the tracker fully in each direction,
at various seasonal tilt angles, to verify that the cable does not
rub or restrict the tracking motion. See tracker photo.
MC connectors Some PV modules have these quick
connectors. If the connector is not appropriate at some
junctions, you can cut the wire and make a conventional
connection.
CAUTION Loose connections are the most common cause of system failures.
Pull on each connection to confirm that it is secure.

4.4 Solar Array Disconnect Switch in the Junction Box
PHOTO Inside of junction box showing the
factory-installed wires that lead to the
controller.
The disconnect switch prevents the pump from
restarting if it has been stopped by the
POWER switch on the controller. It also
prevents activation by unauthorized personnel.
DISCONNECT SWITCH
The disconnect switch satisfies National
Electrical Code requirements for a safety
disconnect between the solar array and the
controller. During installation and maintenance,
switch off the disconnect switch to prevent
shock and arc burn hazard.
Note: Overload protection (fuses or circuit
breaker) is NOT required in the solar array
circuit. Explanation:
1. Short circuit current from the solar array
can never reach the ampacity (maximum safe amps capacity) of the recommended wire.
2. The ETAPUMP controller has internal overload protection.
CAUTION Loose connections are a common cause of failure. Pull each connection to confirm.
4.5 Junction Box (Controller Input) Wiring
System Diagram For solar-direct systems, refer to the System Diagram at the end of this manual.
WARNING TEST THE VOLTAGE before connecting power to the controller. Voltage (open
circuit) must not exceed 90V. (Even in cloudy weather, the open circuit voltage will be near
maximum.)
WARNING Some thin-film modules (panels) may produce excessive voltage, especially when
they are new. If the open circuit voltage exceeds 90V, DO NOT connect power to the controller. Contact
your supplier. (SunCentric P packaged systems do not use this type of module.)
WARNING Do not apply a direct connection or an amp meter between + and – when the
controller is connected. A short circuit here will cause a strong discharge.
WARNING SOLAR-DIRECT systems only — Do not connect any electrical load or device to the
solar array if it is not part of the SunCentric P system. Connection of a battery charger, active
tracker controller, electric fence charger, or other load simultaneously with SunCentric will “confuse” the
controller and prevent proper operation.
Ground connections The two ground terminals in the junction box are bonded together and are also
bonded to the metallic enclosures of both the junction box and the controller. See Section 4.2
POWER IN Ensure that the solar array DISCONNECT SWITCH (or battery fuse or circuit breaker) is
OFF. Connect the power from the solar array to the input terminals in the junction box. Observe polarity.
If your wires are not clearly marked +/–, test them using a DC voltmeter or multitester.

PUMP See Section 4.7 and 4.8.
Low Water Probe See Section 5.4.
Swimming pool systems or other systems not using a low-water probe Connect a small wire
between terminals 1 and 2.
Float Switch Connect full-tank float switch wires to terminals. See Section 5.5, Automatic Control for
Full-Tank Shutoff.
Swimming pool systems or other systems not using as float switch Connect a small wire between
terminals 4 and 5, “common” and “N.C.”.
4.6 Maximum RPM Setting
WARNING The installer is required to reset the “Max. RPM setting” to position 2, illustrated
below. Failure to perform this adjustment may cause damage and will void the warranty.
The ETAPUMP EP-600A controller supplied with SunCentric P pumps is manufactured for a variety of
solar pumps. SunCentric P applications require this change from the standard factory setting.
How to reset the Maximum RPM setting
1. Remove the bottom end of the EP-600A controller enclosure (the end with the conduit openings)
2. Locate the adjustment knob shown in the photo below (circled)
3. In most cases, the knob will be at the standard factory setting full clockwise. Turn it counter-clockwise
to the ink mark illustrated as #2 in the illustration below. The exact position may vary from this
illustration. Follow the ink marks in the unit.
PHOTO Terminals inside the EP-600A controller.
“Max. RPM setting” is at right. The two ink marks
correspond to positions 1 and 2 illustrated below.

 Maximum RPM setting knob
ORIGINAL NEW
FACTORY SETTING
SETTING REQUIRED
CHECK HERE TO INDICATE THAT THIS ADJUSTMENT HAS BEEN PERFORMED 
 [ ____ ]
You can reduce the maximum RPM further if you desire to limit the peak flow rate to less than this
normal setting. This will only reduce the flow in high-sun conditions. It will not influence low-light
performance. Turning the control counterclockwise from position 2 allows reduction in pump speed down
to about 50%.
1
2
1
2

4.7 Motor Wiring Order for Correct Rotation
WARNING If the pump wires are in the wrong order, the motor will run in reverse. This may
cause the impeller to spin off and “crash”, causing damage. Test the pump for proper direction
before allowing it to come up to full speed (takes 15 seconds).
The proper direction is CLOCKWISE when viewed from the REAR of the motor.
WARNING Do not run the pump dry. Fill the pump at least half-way with water before testing for
direction.
The motor receives 3-phase AC power from the controller. This requires three power wires. If they are
not in the proper order, the motor will rotate in reverse direction.
The motor wires inside the motor junction box are labeled L1, L2 and L3. (L1 is closest to the motor.)
Connect each one to the corresponding “pump” terminals in the controller.
To make secure connections in the motor junction box, invert one of the two U-brackets on each terminal
bolt. The brackets should couple together so they trap the wire securely.
Confirm the direction When first starting the motor, remove the rubber plug from the rear-center of
the motor, and observe the shaft rotation. It should turn CLOCKWISE as viewed from the rear of the
motor.
The motor starts very slowly It takes 15 seconds to reach full speed. If the direction is reversed,
STOP THE PUMP before it reaches full speed, or the impeller may spin off and “crash”.
If the direction is reversed, exchange ANY TWO of the power wires, either at the motor or in the
controller.
Alternative: Connect the power wires to the controller in ANY random order. Apply power. Observe the
pump shaft rotation as the pump starts. If the direction is wrong, stop the pump immediately and
exchange ANY TWO of the power wires.
4.8 Pump Motor Bonding and Grounding
WARNING Electrical wiring should be performed by a licensed electrician in accordance with
local, state and national codes. Be certain that the motor frame is grounded. Do not connect to
electric power supply until unit is permanently grounded to earth and bonded to the pool
structure.
Bonding TO REDUCE RISK OF ELECTRICAL SHOCK, a bonding connector is provided for bonding
to metal water pipes, metal rails, or other metal within 5 feet of the swimming pool. All local points
should be bonded with a #8 AWG wire. As required by National Electrical Code Article 690-22, the pump
motor must be electrically bonded to the pool structure (reinforced bars, etc.) by a solid copper conductor
not smaller than #8 AWG via an external copper bonding lug on the pump motor.
GROUNDING TO REDUCE RISK OF ELECTRICAL SHOCK, connect ground wires to grounding screw
located in the motor. Use no smaller than a #12 AWG wire.

4.9 Low-Water Probe for Dry-Run Protection
THIS DEVICE IS NOT NORMALLY USED IN SWIMMING POOL APPLICATIONS.
If you are not using the low-water probe, connect a short wire between the probe terminals in the
junction box (terminals 1 and 2). Minimum wire size is #18 AWG.
WARNING Running completely dry will damage the pump end and void the warranty. The
purpose of the probe system is to sense the loss of water in the source, and turn the pump off.
The low-water probe should be used if it is possible for the pump’s water source to run low, causing the
pump to lose prime or to run dry.
The low-water probe is not included with SunCentric P. To obtain this accessory,
order ETAPUMP Low-Water Probe Item # 11682 from your Dankoff Solar supplier.
Mounting the probe The low-water probe is supplied with a hose clamp, allowing
it to be mounted to a water pipe, as shown in the photo. It can be mounted by any
practical means, as long as the electrodes are within 30° of vertical position. It can
be mounted anywhere in the water source. It does not have to be on the intake pipe.
Wiring the probe Splice the two wires to submersible wires of #18 AWG or larger,
using the submersible splice kit supplied with the probe. The splices use heat-shrink
tubing, like your main pump splice (see splice kit instructions). In the controller,
connect the well probe wires to the low-water probe terminals #1 and 2.
Operation The probe senses electrical conductivity through the water, between
two electrodes. If the water level drops below the probe, continuity is lost. The
controller will stop the pump and the “Low-Water OFF” light will indicate. When the
water level recovers and again contacts the electrodes, the controller will delay the
restart for 20 minutes. To force a restart, turn the controller off, then on again.
The Low Water-OFF light stays ON for the remainder of the day, even if the water recovers and the
pump restarts automatically. This tells you that the water source ran low at least once since the power
was disrupted (or sun went down). To turn the light off, reset the controller by turning it off/on.
4.10 External ON/OFF Switching
This section applies to systems that require an external device to switch the pump on and off. If the
external device is to be a float switch to turn the pump off when it has filled a storage tank, see the next
section.
The pump uses a controller that is primarily made for solar powered water supply systems that are used
to fill a tank. The external (remote) switching circuit is used primarily for a full-tank float switch. Therefore,
the terminals are labeled “Remote Float Switch”. However, they can be used for any form of switching
device.
Most external switching devices use “normally open” (N.O.) contacts, where the contacts open
(disconnect) to turn a device OFF. Connect the device to the junction box according to the following
illustration.

ILLUSTRATION Connection of NORMALLY OPEN switching device to
“float switch” terminals 4 and 5 in the junction box
The system is factory-supplied with a jumper wire installed between terminal 4 and 5. Remove this
jumper wire before installing a normally open (N.O.) switch to these terminals.
QUESTION Why is a N.O. switch connected to the N.C. terminals in the junction box?
ANSWER We have a language problem. The ETAPUMP controller that is primarily made for water
supply systems, where a float switch is used to turn off the pump when a tank is full. The “normal”
position for a float switch is defined as “down”, to make the pump turn ON. Other switches use “normal”
to describe the position that makes a device turn OFF.
Switch contact ratings The remote switch circuit uses 12V at very low current, measured in milliamps.
Contact ratings are not critical.
Manual remote control The float switch circuit can be used with a manual switch to turn the pump on
and off from a distance. Use any general-purpose on/off switch available from an electronic supply,
electrical supply, marine, or hardware store. Wire it to terminals 4 and 5 as illustrated above.
“TANK FULL” Indicator light When the pump is stopped by the action of the remote switch circuit, the
TANK FULL light will show. If this is confusing, you can re-label this light with a pen or pencil.
N. O. SWITCH
CONTACTS
in a timer or other
automatic device, or
a manual ON/OFF
switch.
NO 3
Common 4
NC 5
Remote
Float
Switch

4.11 Automatic Control For Full-Tank Shutoff
THIS DOES NOT APPLY TO SWIMMING POOL APPLICATIONS
This section applies to water transfer systems that use SunCentric
Pto fill a storage tank.
We recommend the use of a float switch or other means to
prevent overflow of the storage tank. This will stop the pump
when the tank is full, then reset when the level drops. This
conserves ground water, prevents overflow, and eliminates
unnecessary pump wear. ETAPUMP controllers allow the use of
small signal cable to a remote float switch, even if the tank is a
long distance away.
Float switch requirements
1. A switch must be used, not wet electrodes.
2. It must not be allowed to switch on/off rapidly.
3. The preferred system requires a float switch to MAKE contact on rise to turn the pump OFF (reverse
action).
Float Switch Kit from Dankoff Solar (Item # 10320) meets these requirements. Obtain it from your
ETAPUMP supplier. The kit includes a sealed float switch (non-mercury type), cable weight and cable
clamp as illustrated.
Float switch cable requirements
1. Two wires are needed.
2. Minimum wire size #18 AWG
3. The cable must be suitable for its environment.
4. If it must run a long distance, use twisted-pair shielded cable to reduce the chance of damage from
lightning-induced surge. (See Section 4.2, Grounding and Lightning Protection).
Float Switch Cable from Dankoff Solar Products (Item #10326) meets these requirements. It is approved
for sun exposure and direct burial, has a twisted pair and a metallic shield for surge resistance.
Wiring to the junction box The controller (and junction box) offers two options for connection of a
remote switch. These allow the use of either a “normally open” (N.O.) or a “normally closed” (N.C.)
switch. “Normal” refers to the status of the contacts when the switch is DOWN and is calling for water.
When using a NOswitch, the NC terminals (4 and 5) must be wired together. Connection of a standard
on/off switch to these terminals will turn the pump on/off in the normal, logical manner.
Wiring the Dankoff Solar Float Switch Kit (Item #10320) This is a “normally open switch”. Connect it
to terminals 3 and 4 (NO) and common) and connect terminals 4 and 5 together, as illustrated. When the
switch floats up, it MAKES contact, and the pump stops. This is called “reverse action”.
ILLUSTRATION Connection of Dankoff Float Switch Kit (NORMALLY OPEN) to junction box terminals
UP (closed)
FLOAT SWITCH
(normally open)
DOWN (open)
If cable is shielded,
ground this end only
OFF
ON
sealed
cable clamp
cable
weight
pumping
range
WATER
STORAGE
TANK
FLOAT
SWITCH
NO 3
Common 4
NC 5
Remote
Float
Switch

QUESTION Why do we use a reverse-action (N.O.) float switch?
ANSWER If the cable connection is broken, the pump will continue to operate. The water supply will not
be disrupted (but of course, the tank will overflow). This is the general preference in the industry. If you
prefer the pump to stop if the connection is broken, use a normally closed float switch instead.
ILLUSTRATION Connection of NORMALLY CLOSED float to junction box terminals.
Grounding shielded float switch cable If you use shielded cable (containing a metallic foil or braid
around the wires, like Dankoff Solar Float Switch Cable), connect the shield to ground AT THE
CONTROLLER ONLY. Do NOT ground the shield at the float switch. This will reduce surges induced by
nearby lightning.
If you are not using a float switch, terminals 4 and 5 must be connected. Terminal 3 remains
disconnected. The product is pre-wired this way at the factory.
Operation of the float switch system When the water level is high, the float switch will stop the pump.
The FULL-TANK OFF indicator on the controller will light up. When the water level drops, the float switch
will signal the controller. The indicator light will go out, and the pump will restart if sufficient power is
available.
Overriding the float switch You may want to override the float switch to allow overflow for irrigation
purposes or to test or observe your system. For a N.O. switch circuit, install a switch to DISCONNECT
ONE of the float switch wires. FOR A N.C. switch circuit, install a switch to CONNECT the two float
switch wires together.
UP (open)
FLOAT SWITCH
(normally closed)
DOWN (closed)
NO 3
Common 4
NC 5
Remote
Float
Switch
If cable is shielded,
ground this end only