Eclipse TJPCA0015 User manual

Eclipse ThermJet Burners
for Preheated Combustion Air
Models TJPCA0015 - TJPCA2000
206 Design Guide
6/4/2010
Version 2

2Eclipse ThermJet PCA, V2, Design Guide 206, 6/4/2010
Copyright
Copyright 2007 by Eclipse, Inc. All rights reserved
worldwide. This publication is protected by federal
regulation and shall not be copied, distributed,
transmitted, transcribed or translated into any human or
computer language, in any form or by any means, to any
third parties, without the express written consent of
Eclipse, Inc.
Disclaimer Notice
In accordance with the manufacture’s policy of continual
product improvement, the product presented in this
brochure is subject to change without notice or obligation.
The material in this manual is believed adequate for the
intended use of the product. If the product is used for
purposes other than those specified herein, confirmation
of validity and suitability must be obtained. Eclipse
warrants that the product itself does not infringe upon any
United States patents. No further warranty is expressed or
implied.
Liability & Warranty
We have made every effort to make this manual as
accurate and complete as possible. Should you find errors
or omissions, please bring them to our attention so that we
may correct them. In this way we hope to improve our
product documentation for the benefit of our customers.
Please send your corrections and comments to our
Marketing Communications Manager.
It must be understood that Eclipse’s liability for its product,
whether due to breach of warranty, negligence, strict
liability, or otherwise is limited to the furnishing of
replacement parts and Eclipse will not be liable for any
other injury, loss, damage or expenses, whether direct or
consequential, including but not limited to loss of use,
income, or damage to material arising in connection with
the sale, installation, use of, inability to use, or the repair
or replacement of Eclipse’s products.
Any operation expressly prohibited in this manual, any
adjustment, or assembly procedures not recommended or
authorized in these instructions shall void the warranty.
Document Conventions
There are several special symbols in this document. You
must know their meaning and importance.
The explanation of these symbols follows below. Please
read it thoroughly.
How To Get Help
If you need help, contact your local Eclipse representative.
:
2011 Williamsburg Road
Richmond, Virginia 23231 U.S.A.
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
http://www.peconet.com
Please have the information on the product label available
when contacting the factory so we may better serve you.
www.peconet.com
Product Name
Item#
S/N
DD MMM YYYY
This is the safety alert symbol. It is used to alert you to potential personal
injury hazards. Obey all safety messages that followthis symbol to avoid
possible injury or death.
Indicates ahazardous situation which, ifnot avoided, will result in death
or serious injury.
Indicates ahazardous situation which, ifnot avoided, could result in
death or serious injury.
Indicates ahazardous situation which, ifnot avoided, could result in
minor or moderate injury.
Is used to address practices not related to personal injury.
Indicates an important part oftext. Read thoroughly.
NOTE
NOTICE
CAUTION
WARNING

3
Eclipse ThermJet PCA, V2, Design Guide 206, 6/4/2010
Table of Contents
1 Introduction............................................................................................................................ 4
Product Description .............................................................................................................. 4
Audience .............................................................................................................................. 4
Purpose................................................................................................................................ 4
Related Documents.............................................................................................................. 4
2 Safety...................................................................................................................................... 5
Safety ................................................................................................................................... 5
Capabilities........................................................................................................................... 5
Operator Training ................................................................................................................. 5
Replacement Parts...............................................................................................................5
3 System Design....................................................................................................................... 6
Design .................................................................................................................................. 6
Step 1: Burner Model Selection............................................................................................ 6
Step 2: Control Methodology................................................................................................ 6
Step 3: Ignition System ........................................................................................................ 8
Step 4: Flame Monitoring System ........................................................................................ 9
Step 5: Combustion Air System ........................................................................................... 9
Step 6: Main Gas Shut-Off Valve Train ................................................................................ 11
Step 7: Process Temperature Control System..................................................................... 11
Appendix ................................................................................................................................... 12
Conversion Factors ..............................................................................................................12
Key to System Schematics................................................................................................... 13

4Eclipse ThermJet PCA, V2, Design Guide 206, 6/4/2010
Introduction
Product Description
The ThermJet PCA (preheated combustion air) is a
nozzle-mix burner designed to fire an intense stream of
hot gases through a combustor using preheated
combustion air temperatures up to 1000°F. (Models
TJPCA0500 through TJPCA1000 are rated for use with
preheated combustion air temperatures up to 700°F.)
The high velocity of the gases improves temperature
uniformity, product quality and system efficiency.
ThermJet PCA burners use medium velocity TJ
combustors providing velocities from 250 ft/s to 750 ft/s
depending on the temperature of the preheated
combustion air.
Figure 1.1. Eclipse ThermJet PCA Burner
Audience
This manual has been written for personnel already
familiar with all aspects of a nozzle mixing burner
package.
These aspects are:
• Design / Selection
• Use
• Maintenance
• Safety
The audience is expected to be qualified and have
experience of this type of equipment and its working
environment.
Purpose
The purpose of this manual is to make sure that the design
of a safe, effective, and trouble-free system is carried out.
ThermJet PCA Documents
Design Guide No. 206
• This document
Datasheet Series No. 206
• Available for individual TJPCA models
• Required to complete design calculations in this
guide
Installation Guide No. 206
• Used with Datasheets to complete installation
Related Documents
• EFE 825 (Combustion Engineering Guide)
• Eclipse Bulletins and Info. Guides: 610, 710, 720,
730, 742, 744, 760, 930
1

5
Eclipse ThermJet PCA, V2, Design Guide 206, 6/4/2010
Safety
Important notices for safe burner operation can be found
in this section. To avoid personal injury, damage to
property or the facility, the following warnings must be
observed. Read this entire manual before attempting to
start the system. If any part of the information in this
manual is not understood, contact Eclipse before
continuing.
Safety Warnings
ŶThe burners, described herein, is designed to mix
fuel with air and burn the resulting mixture. All fuel
handling devices are capable of producing fires
and explosions if improperly applied, installed,
adjusted, controlled, or maintained.
ŶDo not bypass any safety feature; fire or explosion
could result.
ŶNever try to light a burner if it shows signs of
damage or malfunction.
ŶThe burner might have HOT surfaces. Always wear
protective clothing when approaching the burner.
ŶEclipse products are designed to minimize the use
of materials that contain crystalline silica.
Examples of these chemicals are: respirable
crystalline silica from bricks, cement or other
masonry products and respirable refractory
ceramic fibers from insulating blankets, boards, or
gaskets. Despite these efforts, dust created by
sanding, sawing, grinding, cutting, and other
construction activities could release crystalline
silica. Crystalline silica is known to cause cancer,
and health risks from the exposure to these
chemicals vary depending on the frequency and
length of exposure to these chemicals. To reduce
this risk, limit exposure to these chemicals, work
in a well-ventilated area and wear approved
personal protective safety equipment for these
chemicals.
ŶThis manual provides information in the use of
these burners for their specific design purpose. Do
not deviate from any instructions or application
limits described herein without written advice from
Eclipse.
Capabilities
Adjustment, maintenance and troubleshooting of the
mechanical and the electrical parts of this system should
be done by qualified personnel with good mechanical
aptitude and experience with combustion equipment.
Operator Training
The best safety precaution is an alert and trained
operator. Train new operators thoroughly and have them
demonstrate an adequate understanding of the
equipment and its operation. A regular retraining schedule
should be administered to ensure operators maintain a
high degree of proficiency.
Replacement Parts
Order replacement parts from Eclipse only. All Eclipse
approved, customer supplied valves, or switches should
carry UL, FM, CSA, CGA, and/or CE approval, where
applicable.
DANGER
WARNING
NOTICE
2

6Eclipse ThermJet PCA, V2, Design Guide 206, 6/4/2010
System Design
Design Structure
Designing a burner system is a straight-forward exercise
of combining modules that add up to a reliable and safe
system. The design process is divided into the following
steps:
1. Burner model selection:
a.Burner size and quantity
b.Fuel type and pressure
c.Combustor material
2. Control methodology
3. Ignition system
4. Flame monitoring system
5. Combustion air system
6. Main gas shut-off valve train selection
7. Process temperature control system
Step 1: Burner Model Selection
Burner Size and Quantity
Select the size and number of burners based on the heat
balance. For heat balance calculations, refer to the
Combustion Engineering Guide (EFE 825).
Performance data, dimensions and specifications are
given for each TJPCA model in Datasheets 206-1 through
206-13
Fuel Type & Fuel Pressure
The usable fuel types are:
• Natural gas
• Propane
• Butane
For other fuels less than 800 BTU/ft (330 MJ/m3) contact
Eclipse with an accurate breakdown of the fuel contents.
The minimum gas pressure required at the burner can be
found in ThermJet PCA Datasheets 206-1 through
206-13.
All ThermJet PCA control schematics on the following
pages reflect a single gas automatic shut-off valve. Each
schematic shows both operational modes. Only one is
necessary.
Combustor Material
The combustor that you choose depends on the
temperature and the construction of the furnace. Each
burner size comes in at least two materials (SiC is
available on models up to TJPCA0200). Select material
suitable for furnace and preheated air temperature.
The application temperature limits of the combustors can
be found in ThermJet PCA Datasheets 206-1 through
206-13.
ŶFor tangential firing furnaces, do not use alloy
combustors. For preheated air applications where
furnaces are over 1750°F (950°C), use only block
and holder combustors. Use only stainless steel
nozzles for tangential firing applications with
preheated air.
The control methodology is the basis for the rest of the
design process. Once it is known what the system will look
like, the components can be selected. The control
methodology chosen depends on the type of process to
be controlled. All methods employ a heat exchanger and
eductor per zone.
Step 2: Control Methodology
There are four basic methods for preheated combustion
air applications. The methods depend on how furnace
pressure control and ratio control are applied:
• Furnace pressure control fixed at start up. Single
diaphragm ratio regulator.
• Furnace pressure control fixed at start up. Double
diaphragm ratio regulator.
• Automatic furnace pressure control. Double
diaphragm ratio regulator.
• Automatic furnace pressure control. Electronic
mass ratio control.
The recommended method to control the input of a
ThermJet PCA burner system is modulating gas & air (on-
ratio control or excess air @ low fire). This method may be
applied to single burner as well as multiple burner
systems.
CAUTION
3

7
Eclipse ThermJet PCA, V2, Design Guide 206, 6/4/2010
Figure 3.1 Control Methodology
NC
NC
NC
to other Burners
to other Burners
NC
to other Burners
to other Burners
NC
to other Burners
to other Burners
Ratio
Regulator
NC

Automatic
Shut-off by
Zone or by Burner
NC
Heat
Exchanger
NC
to other Burners
to other Burners
Automatic
Shut-off by
Zone or by Burner
C
C
Heat
Exchanger/
Eductor
Eductor Flow
Control Valve Heat
Exchanger/
Eductor
Automatic
Shut-off by
Zone or by Burnerr
Ratio
Regulator
Manual
Combustion
Air Control
Valve
Furnace pressure control
fixed at start up.
Single diaphragmratio regulator.
Main Gas
Shut-Off
Valve Train

Furnace pressure control
fixed at startup.
Double diaphragmratio regulator.
Automaticfurnace pressure control.
Double diaphragmratio regulator.
Automaticfurnace pressure control.
Electronicmass ratio control.
Eductor Flow
Control Valve Heat
Exchanger/
Eductor
Manual
Combustion
Air Control
Valve


Automatic
Shut-off by
Zone or by Burner
Ratio
Regulator








Main Gas
Shut-Off
Valve Train
Main Gas
Shut-Off
Valve Train
Main Gas
Shut-Off
Valve Train

8Eclipse ThermJet PCA, V2, Design Guide 206, 6/4/2010
NOTE: The stated operational characteristics only apply if
the described control circuits are followed. Use of different
control methods will result in unknown operational
performance characteristics. Use the control circuits
contained within this section or contact Eclipse for written,
approved alternatives.
In Figure 3.2 there are schematics of these control
methods. The symbols in the schematics are explained in
the “Key to System Schematics” (see Appendix, page 13).
Automatic Gas Shut-Off by Burner or
Shut-Off by Zone
The automatic gas shut-off valve can be installed in two
operational modes:
Automatic gas shut-off by burner
If the flame monitoring system detects a failure, the
gas shut-off valves close the gas supply to the burner
that caused the failure.
Automatic gas shut-off by zone
If the flame monitoring system detects a failure, the
gas shut-off valves close the gas supply to all the
burners in the zone that caused the failure.
NOTE: All ThermJet PCA control schematics reflect a
single gas automatic shut-off valve. Each schematic
shows both operational modes. Only one is necessary.
This may be changed to conform to local safety and/or
insurance requirements (Refer to ThermJet Installation
Guide No. 206).
Modulating Gas & Air
On-ratio control or excess air @ low fire
A burner system with modulating control gives an input
that is in proportion with the demands of the process. ANY
input between high and low fire is possible.
1. Air
The control valve Xis in the air line. It can modulate
air flow to any position between low and high fire air.
2. Gas
The ratio regulator Yallows the on-ratio amount of
gas to go to the burner. Low fire gas is limited by the
ratio regulator Y. High fire gas is limited by the
manual butterfly valve Z.
NOTE: The ratio regulator can be biased to give excess
air at low fire.
NOTE: Do not use an adjustable limiting orifice (ALO) as
the high fire gas limiting valve Z. ALO’s require too much
pressure drop for use in a proportional system.
Step 3: Ignition System
For the ignition system use:
• 6,000 VAC transformer
• Full-wave spark transformer
• One transformer per burner
DO NOT USE:
• 10,000 VAC transformer
• Twin outlet transformer
• Distributor type transformer
• Half-wave transformer
It is recommended that low fire start be used. However,
ThermJet PCA burners are capable of direct spark ignition
anywhere within the specified ignition zone (see
Datasheets 206-1 through 206-13).
NOTE: You must follow the control circuits described in
the previous section, “Control Methodology,” to obtain
reliable ignition. Local safety and insurance require limits
on the maximum trial for ignition time. These time limits
vary from country to country.
The time it takes for a burner to ignite depends on:
• The distance between the gas shut-off valve and the
burner
• The air/gas ratio
• The gas flow at start conditions
It is possible to have the low fire too low to ignite within the
trial for ignition period. Under these circumstances you
must consider the following options:
• Start at higher input levels
• Resize and/or relocate the gas controls
• Use bypass start gas
Bypass Start Gas (Optional)
A bypass start gas circuit provides gas flow around zone
gas control valves during the trial for ignition period. This
should only be used if excess air is being used on low fire;
it should NOT be used with on-ratio low fire systems.
During the trial for ignition period, the solenoid valve in the
bypass line plus the automatic gas shut-off valve (either at
each burner or each zone) are opened. If a flame is
established, the bypass solenoid valve closes at the end
of the trial for ignition period. If a flame is not established,
then the bypass solenoid valve and the automatic gas
shut-off valve closes.

9
Eclipse ThermJet PCA, V2, Design Guide 206, 6/4/2010
Figure 3.2 Bypass Start Gas (Optional)
Step 4: Flame Monitoring System
A flame monitoring system consists of two main parts:
• A flame sensor
• Flame monitoring control
Flame Sensor
All ThermJet PCA burners operate with UV Scanners
only. A UV scanner can be used with all combustor types.
The UV scanner must be compatible to the flame
monitoring control that is used. Refer to the manual of
your selected control for proper selection of the scanner.
NOTE: Ambient temperature limits for the scanners are
likely to be exceeded. An insulated coupling, heat block
seal or scanner cooler may be required.
Flame Monitoring Control
The flame monitoring control is the equipment that
processes the signal from the UV scanner.
For flame monitoring control you may select several
options:
• Flame monitoring control for each burner: if one
burner goes down, only that burner will be shut off
• Multiple burner flame monitoring control: if one
burner goes down, all burners will be shut off
Eclipse recommends the following:
• Trilogy series T400; see Instruction Manual 830
• Bi-flame series; see instruction manual 826
• Multi-flame series 6000; see Instruction Manual 820
• Veri-flame; see Instruction Manual 818
If other controls are considered, contact Eclipse to
determine how burner performance may be affected.
Flame monitoring controls that have lower sensitivity
flame detecting circuits may limit burner turndown and
change the requirements for ignition. Flame monitoring
controls that stop the spark as soon as a signal is detected
may prevent establishment of flame, particularly when
using UV scanners. The flame monitoring control must
maintain the spark for a fixed time interval that is long
enough for ignition.
DO NOT USE the following:
• Flame monitoring relays which interrupt the trial for
ignition when the flame is detected
• Flame sensors which supply a weak signal
• Flame monitoring relays with low sensitivity
ŶA UV scanner can possibly detect another burner’s
flame if it is in the line of sight, and falsely indicate
flame presence. Use a flame rod in this situation.
This helps prevent accumulation of unburned fuel
which, in extreme situations, could cause a fire or
an explosion.
Step 5: Combustion Air System (Blower and
Air Pressure Switch)
Effects of Atmospheric Conditions
The blower data is based on the International Standard
Atmosphere (ISA) at Mean Sea Level (MSL), which
means that it is valid for:
• Sea level
• 29.92" Hg (1,013 mbar)
• 70°F (21°C)
The make-up of the air is different above sea level or in a
hot area. The density of the air decreases, and as a result,
the outlet pressure and the flow of the blower decrease.
An accurate description of these effects is in the Eclipse
Combustion Engineering Guide (EFE 825). The Guide
contains tables to calculate the effect of pressure, altitude
and temperature on air.
Blower
The rating of the blower must match the system
requirements. You can find all the blower data in Bulletin/
Info Guide 610.
Follow these steps:
1. Calculate the outlet pressure.
NOTE: For a given combustion air flow, system
pressure drops increase with air temperature. Multiply
calculated cold air pressure drops by the appropriate
factor in the chart to arrive at the preheated air drop.
NC
NC



to other Burners
Heat
Exchanger
Ratio
Regulator
to other Burners
Automatic
shut-off by
zone or by burner
Bypass option
Main gas
shut-off
valve train
WARNING

10 Eclipse ThermJet PCA, V2, Design Guide 206, 6/4/2010
Formula for calculating preheated air pressure drop
given a combustion air temperature:
h2= (Tabs2/ Tabs1) * h1
h2= air pressure drop with preheated combustion air
h1 = air pressure drop with ambient combustion air
Tabs2= absolute temperature of preheated
combustion air, 460 + PCA°F (273 + PCA°C)
Tabs1= absolute temperature of ambient combustion
air, 460 + 60°F = 520 (273 + 15 = 288°C)
Example Static Air Pressure Required for
Preheated Combustion Air Calculation:
• ambient air temperature: 60°F
• preheated combustion air temperature: 700°F
• burner size: TJPCA0075
Tabs1= 60 + 460 = 520
Tabs2= 700 + 460 = 1160
h1= the ambient air pressure drop can be found
on the corresponding TJPCA Datasheet, 206-1 to
206-13. In this example the ambient air
requirement is 3.8"w.c.
h2= (1160/520) * 3.8 = 8.5" w.c.
The air pressure required to the inlet of the burner is
8.5" w.c.
When calculating the outlet pressure of the blower,
the total of these pressures must be calculated.
• The static air pressure required at the burner found
in the burner Datasheet, 206-1 to 206-13 (see
example above)
• The total pressure drop in the piping
• The total of the pressure drops across the valves
• The pressure in the chamber (suction or
pressurized)
Eclipse recommends a minimum safety margin of
10%
2. Calculate the required flow.
The blower output is the air flow delivered under
standard atmospheric conditions. It must be enough
to feed all the burners in the system at high fire and
provide the eductor flow.
Combustion air blowers are normally rated in terms of
standard cubic feet per hour (scfh) of air.
An example calculation follows the information tables.
*Stoichiometric: No excess air. The precise amount of air
and gas are present for complete combustion.
Example Blower Calculation
A batch furnace requires a gross heat input of 2,900,000
BTU/hr (based on anticipated 60% efficiency with
preheated air). The designer decides to provide the
required heat input with four burners operating on natural
gas using 15% excess air.
Calculation Example:
a. Decide which ThermJet PCA burner model is
appropriate:
• Select 4 model TJPCA0075 ThermJet burners
based on the required heat input of 725,000 BTU/hr
for each burner.
b. Calculate required gas flow:
Table 3.1 Common Preheated Air Pressure Drop
Correction Factors
If Combustion Air
Temperature is:
Multiply 60°F
drop by:
400°F 1.65
600°F 2.04
800°F 2.42
1000°F 2.81
Table 3.2 Required Calculation Information
Description
Unit of
Measure
Formula
Symbol
Total system heat input BTU/hr Q
Number of burners - -
Type of fuel - -
Gross heating value of fuel BTU/ft3(MJ/m3)q
Desired excess air percentage
(Typical excess air percentage
@ high fire is 15%)
percent %
Air/Gas ratio (Fuel specific,
see table below)
-D
Air flow scfh (Nm3/hr) Vair
Gas flow scfh (Nm3/hr) Vgas
Table 3.3 Fuel Gas Heating Values
Fuel Gas
Stoichiometric*
Air/Gas Ratio
D(ft3air/ft3gas)
Gross Heating
Value
q (BTU/ft3)
Natural Gas
(Birmingham, AL) 9.41 1,002 (40 MJ/m3)
Propane 23.82 2,564 (102,5 MJ/m3)
Butane 30.47 3,333(133,3 MJ/m3)
Q(total heat input) of2,900,000 BTU/hr
4 burners
725,000
BTU/hr/burner
=

11
Eclipse ThermJet PCA, V2, Design Guide 206, 6/4/2010
• Gas flow of 2,894 ft3/hr is required.
c. Calculate required stoichiometric air flow:
• Stiochiometric air flow of 27,235 SCFH required.
d. Calculate final blower air flow requirement based
on the desired amount of excess air:
• For this example, final blower air flow requirement is
31,320 SCFH at 15% excess air.
e. Calculate eductor flow. For this example, eductor flow
is 40% of combustion air flow:
• Final blower air flow requirement is the sum of
Vair + Veductor = 43, 848 ft3/hr at 15% excess air
NOTE: It is common practice to add an additional
10% to the final blower air flow requirement as a
safety margin.
3. Find the blower model number and motor horsepower
(hp). With the output pressure and the specific flow,
you can find the blower catalog number and the motor
hp in Bulletin 610.
4. Eclipse recommends that you select a totally
enclosed fan cooled (TEFC) motor.
5. Select the other parameters:
• inlet filter or inlet grille
• Inlet size (frame size)
• voltage, number of phases, frequency
• blower outlet location, and rotation direction
clockwise (CW) or counter-clockwise (CCW)
NOTE: The use of an inlet air filter is strongly
recommended. The system will perform longer and the
settings will be more stable.
NOTE: When selecting a 60 Hz Blower for use on 50 Hz,
a pressure and capacity calculation is required. See
Eclipse Engineering Guide (EFE 825).
The total selection information you should now have:
• blower model number
• motor hp
• motor enclosure (TEFC)
• voltage, number of phases, frequency
• rotation direction (CW or CCW)
Air Pressure Switch
The air pressure switch gives a signal to the monitoring
system when there is not enough air pressure from the
blower. You can find more information on pressure
switches in Blower Bulletin 610.
ŶEclipse supports NFPA regulations, which require
the use of an air pressure switch in conjunction
with other safety components, as a minimum
standard for main gas safety shut-off systems.
Step 6: Main Gas Shut-Off Valve Train
Eclipse can help you design and obtain a main gas shut-
off valve train that complies with the current safety
standards.
The shut-off valve train must comply with all the local
safety standards set by the authorities that have
jurisdiction.
For details, please contact your local Eclipse
representative or the Eclipse factory.
NOTE: Eclipse supports NFPA regulations (two shut-off
valves) as a minimum standard for main gas safety shut-
off systems.
Step 7: Process Temperature Control
System
The process temperature control system is used to control
and monitor the temperature of the system. There is a
wide variety of control and measuring equipment
available.
For details, please contact your local Eclipse
representative or the Eclipse factory.
V
gas
= Q
q=2,900,000 BTU/hr
1,002BTU/ft
3
= 2,894 ft
3
/hr
Vair-stoichiometric = α (air/gas ratio) x Vgas
= 9.41 x 2,894 ft3/hr = 27,235 ft3/hr
Vair = (1 + excess air%) x Vair-stoichiometric
= (1 + 0.15) x 27,235 ft3/hr = 31,320 ft3/hr
Veductor = 0.4 x 31,320 ft3/hr = 12,528 ft3/hr
WARNING

Eclipse ThermJet PCA, V2, Design Guide 206, 6/4/2010
12
Conversion Factors
Metric to English
Metric to Metric
English to Metric
From To Multiply By
cubic meter (m³) cubic foot (ft³) 35.31
cubic meter/hr (m³/h) cubic foot/hr (cfh) 35.31
degrees Celsius (°C) degrees Fahrenheit (°F) (°C x 9/5) + 32
kilogram (kg) pound (lb) 2.205
kilowatt (kW) BTU/hr 3414
meter (m) foot (ft) 3.28
millibar (mbar) inches water column ("w.c.) 0.401
millibar (mbar) pounds/sq in (psi) 14.5 x 10-3
millimeter (mm) inch (in) 3.94 x 10-2
MJ/Nm³ BTU/ft³ (standard) 2.491 x 10-2
From To Multiply By
kiloPascals (kPa) millibar (mbar) 10
meter (m) millimeter (mm) 1000
millibar (mbar) kiloPascals (kPa) 0.1
millimeter (mm) meter (m) 0.001
From To Multiply By
BTU/hr kilowatt (kW) 0.293 x 10-3
cubic foot (ft³) cubic meter (m³) 2.832 x 10-2
cubic foot/hour (cfh) cubic meter/hour (m³/h) 2.832 x 10-2
degrees Fahrenheit (°F) degrees Celsius (°C) (°F - 32) ÷ 5/9
foot (ft) meter (m) 0.3048
inch (in) millimeter (mm) 25.4
inches water column ("w.c.) millibar (mbar) 2.49
pound (lb) kilogram (kg) 0.454
pounds/sq in (psi) millibar (mbar) 68.95
BTU/ft³ (standard) MJ/Nm³ 40.14
Appendix

13
Eclipse ThermJet PCA, V2, Design Guide 206, 6/4/2010
Key to System Schematics
Symbol Appearance Name Remarks
Bulletin/
Info Guide
ThermJet PCA Burner
Main Gas Shut-Off Valve Train Eclipse strongly endorses NFPA as a
minimum.
756
Combustion Air Blower The combustion air blower provides
the combustion air pressure to the
burner(s).
610
Air Pressure Switch The air pressure switch gives a signal
to the safety system when there is not
enough air pressure from the blower.
610
Gas Cock Gas cocks are used to manually shut
off the gas supply on both sides of the
main gas shut-off valve train.
710
Solenoid Valves
(normally closed)
Solenoid valve automatically shut off
the gas supply on a bypass gas
system or on small capacity burner
systems.
760
Manual Butterfly Valve Manual butterfly valves are used to
balance the air or gas flow at each
burner, and/or to control the zone
flow.
720
Automatic Butterfly Valve Automatic butterfly valves are
typically used to set the output of the
system.
720
Ratio Regulator A ratio regulator is used to control the
air/gas ratio. The ratio regulator is a
sealed unit that adjusts the gas flow
in ratio with the air flow. To do this, it
measures the air pressure with a
pressure sensing line, the impulse
line. This impulse line is connected
between the top of the ratio regulator
and the air supply line.
742
Controller A controller senses pressure and
controls flow.
CRS Valve A CRS valve is used in a high/low
time-proportional control system to
quickly open and close the air supply.
744
Pressure Taps The schematics show the advised
positions of the pressure taps.
Main Gas
Shut-Off
Valve Train
P
C

14 Eclipse ThermJet PCA, V2, Design Guide 206, 6/4/2010
Impulse Line The impulse line connects the ratios
regulator to the air supply line.
Heat Exchanger / Eductor The heat exchanger/eductor
recovers waste heat from industrial
exhaust gases. The recovered heat is
used to preheat combustion air for
the systems burners, thereby
increasing fuel efficiency.
Symbol Appearance Name Remarks
Bulletin/
Info Guide

15
Eclipse ThermJet PCA, V2, Design Guide 206, 6/4/2010

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