Emerson Copeland Scroll YH04K1E Instruction Manual

Copeland Scroll™ Compressors
for Heat Pump Applications
YH04K1E to YH16K1E
Application Guidelines

AGL_HP_ST_YHK1E_E_Rev02
About these guidelines ................................................................................................ 1
1Safety instructions............................................................................................ 1
1.1 Icon explanation.................................................................................................................1
1.2 Safety statements ..............................................................................................................2
1.3 General instructions...........................................................................................................2
2Product description .......................................................................................... 3
2.1 General information about Copeland Scroll™ compressors .............................................3
2.2 Nomenclature.....................................................................................................................3
2.3 BOM Variations..................................................................................................................3
2.4 Application range ...............................................................................................................4
2.4.1 Qualified refrigerants and oils ................................................................................4
2.4.2 Application limits.....................................................................................................4
2.4.3 PED category and maximum allowable pressure PS ............................................4
2.5 Dimensions ........................................................................................................................5
2.5.1 Dimensions YH04K1E to YH09K1E.......................................................................5
2.5.2 Dimensions YH11K1E to YH16K1E.......................................................................6
3Installation......................................................................................................... 7
3.1 Compressor handling.........................................................................................................7
3.1.1 Transport and storage............................................................................................7
3.1.2 Positioning and securing........................................................................................7
3.1.3 Installation location.................................................................................................7
3.2 Mounting parts ...................................................................................................................8
3.3 Brazing procedure..............................................................................................................8
3.3.1 General brazing procedure.....................................................................................9
3.3.2 Brazing procedure for YH*K1E compressors in parallel applications....................9
3.4 Pressure safety controls ..................................................................................................10
3.4.1 High-pressure protection......................................................................................10
3.4.2 Low-pressure protection.......................................................................................10
3.5 Crankcase heater.............................................................................................................10
3.6 Discharge gas temperature protection.............................................................................12
3.6.1 Excessive discharge gas temperature .................................................................12
3.6.2 Discharge line thermostat.....................................................................................12
3.7 Internal pressure relief valve............................................................................................13
3.8 Discharge check valve.....................................................................................................13
3.9 Filter screens ...................................................................................................................14
3.10 Mufflers ............................................................................................................................14
3.11 Sound shell ......................................................................................................................14
3.12 Insulation material............................................................................................................14
3.13 Sound and vibration.........................................................................................................14
3.14 Compressor oil return, oil balancing and floodback tests................................................15

AGL_HP_ST_YHK1E_E_Rev02
3.15 Suction line accumulator..................................................................................................16
4Electrical connection...................................................................................... 17
4.1 General recommendations...............................................................................................17
4.2 Electrical installation ........................................................................................................17
4.2.1 Wiring diagrams ...................................................................................................18
4.2.2 Terminal box.........................................................................................................18
4.3 Motor insulation................................................................................................................19
4.4 Motor protection...............................................................................................................19
4.5 High potential testing .......................................................................................................19
5Start-up & operation........................................................................................ 20
5.1 Strength-pressure test .....................................................................................................20
5.2 Compressor tightness test...............................................................................................20
5.3 System evacuation...........................................................................................................20
5.4 Preliminary checks –Pre-starting....................................................................................21
5.5 Charging procedure .........................................................................................................21
5.6 Run-in time.......................................................................................................................22
5.7 Initial start-up ...................................................................................................................22
5.8 Rotation direction.............................................................................................................22
5.9 Starting sound..................................................................................................................22
5.10 Deep vacuum operation...................................................................................................22
5.11 Shell temperature.............................................................................................................22
5.12 Pumpdown cycle..............................................................................................................23
5.13 Minimum run time ............................................................................................................23
5.14 Shut-off sound..................................................................................................................23
5.15 Supply frequency and voltage .........................................................................................23
5.16 Oil level ............................................................................................................................24
6Maintenance & repair...................................................................................... 25
6.1 Qualification of workers....................................................................................................25
6.2 Preparation and work procedure .....................................................................................26
6.3 Disassembling system components ................................................................................26
6.4 Provisions of legislation & leak check requirements........................................................26
6.5 Exchanging the refrigerant...............................................................................................27
6.6 Replacing a compressor..................................................................................................27
6.6.1 Compressor replacement.....................................................................................27
6.6.2 Start-up of a new or replacement compressor.....................................................27
6.6.3 Compressor return procedure..............................................................................28
6.7 Lubrication and oil removal..............................................................................................28
6.8 Oil additives .....................................................................................................................29
7Troubleshooting.............................................................................................. 30
8Dismantling & disposal................................................................................... 33

AGL_HP_ST_YHK1E_E_Rev02
9References....................................................................................................... 33
DISCLAIMER ............................................................................................................... 33

AGL_HP_ST_YHK1E_E_Rev02 1
About these guidelines
The purpose of these guidelines is to provide guidance in the application of Copeland Scroll™
compressors in users’ systems. They are intended to answer the questions raised while designing,
assembling and operating a system with these products.
Besides the support they provide, the instructions listed herein are also critical for the proper and
safe functioning of the compressors. The performance and reliability of the product may be impacted
if the product is not used according to these guidelines or is misused.
These application guidelines cover stationary applications only. For mobile applications, please
contact the Application Engineering department at Emerson as other considerations may apply.
1 Safety instructions
Copeland Scroll compressors are manufactured according to the latest relevant US and European
safety standards. Particular emphasis has been placed on the user’s safety.
The YH*K1E compressors are intended for installation in systems in accordance with the European
Machinery directive MD 2006/42/EC, the Pressure Equipment Directive PED 2014/68/EU and the
Low Voltage Directive LVD 2014/35/EU. They may be put to service only if they have been installed
in systems according to instructions and conform to the corresponding provisions of legislation.
NOTE: Emerson marks all compressors that are qualified for A2L refrigerants with a sticker
indicating the usage of flammable refrigerants. Systems using such refrigerants must comply
with any and all applicable legislation and regulations such as, but not limited to EN 378.
Ensuring compliance remains the user’s responsibility.
The Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) for individual A2L refrigerants shall be checked and
considered when working with this type of refrigerants. The MSDS is provided by the gas supplier.
These instructions shall be retained throughout the lifetime of the compressor.
You are strongly advised to follow these safety instructions.
1.1 Icon explanation
WARNING
This icon indicates instructions to avoid
personal injury and material damage.
Fire hazard
This icon indicates a risk of flammable
atmosphere.
High voltage
This icon indicates operations with a
danger of electric shock.
CAUTION
This icon indicates instructions to avoid
property damage and possible personal
injury.
Danger of burning or frostbite
This icon indicates operations with a
danger of burning or frostbite.
IMPORTANT
This icon indicates instructions to avoid
malfunction of the compressor.
Explosion hazard
This icon indicates operations with a
danger of explosion.
NOTE
This word indicates a recommendation
for easier operation.
Danger of explosive atmosphere
This icon indicates a risk of explosive
atmosphere.

2 AGL_HP_ST_YHK1E_E_Rev02
1.2 Safety statements
▪Refrigerant compressors must be employed only for their intended use. The system has
to be labelled according to the applicable standards and legislation.
▪Only qualified and authorized RACHP personnel are permitted to install, commission and
maintain this equipment. Only competent personnel (as specified in EN 13313) qualified
for flammable refrigerant handling is permitted to commission, initiate and maintain the
compressor/refrigeration systems; non-trained personnel, including the user, are not
allowed to do so and must call on an expert.
▪The maximum refrigerant charge is specified in standards such as, but not limited to,
EN 378, EN 60335-2-40 and EN 60335-2-89. The system designer shall implement all safety
measures defined by the applicable standards and not exceed the maximum refrigerant
charge.
▪If a flammable atmosphere is detected, immediately take all necessary precautions to
mitigate the risk as determined in the risk assessment.
▪Electrical connections must be made by qualified electrical personnel.
▪All valid standards for connecting electrical and refrigeration equipment must be
observed.
▪The national legislation and regulations regarding personnel protection must be observed.
Use personal safety equipment. Safety goggles, gloves,
protective clothing, safety boots and hard hats should be worn
where necessary.
1.3 General instructions
WARNING
Pressurized system! Serious personal injuries and/or system
breakdown! Accidental system start before complete set-up must be avoided.
Never leave the system unattended without locking it out electrically when it is
on vacuum and has no refrigerant charge, when it has a holding charge of
nitrogen, or when the compressor service valves are closed.
WARNING
System breakdown! Personal injuries! Only approved refrigerants and
refrigeration oils must be used.
WARNING
High shell temperature! Burning! Do not touch the compressor until it has
cooled down. Ensure that other materials in the area of the compressor do not
come into contact with it. Lock and mark accessible sections.
CAUTION
Overheating! Bearing damage! Do not operate compressor without
refrigerant charge or without it being connected to the system.
CAUTION
Contact with POE! Material damage! POE lubricant must be handled
carefully and the proper protective equipment (gloves, eye protection, etc.)
must be used at all times. POE must not come into contact with any surface
or material that it might damage, including without limitation, certain polymers,
eg, PVC/CPVC and polycarbonate.
IMPORTANT
Transit damage! Compressor malfunction! Use original packaging. Avoid
collisions and tilting.

AGL_HP_ST_YHK1E_E_Rev02 3
2 Product description
2.1 General information about Copeland Scroll™ compressors
These application guidelines cover Copeland Scroll compressor models YH*K1E for heat pump
applications. The available models are listed in Table 1.
NOTE: R454C and R1234yf are classified as A2L (mildly flammable) refrigerants.
Compressor
Cooling capacity (kW)
Motor
R454C
R1234yf
R513A
R134a
R407C
YH04K1E
4.2
1.9
2.2
2.1
3.1
TFMN
YH06K1E
5.9
2.62
3.0
2.9
4.3
TFMN
YH07K1E
7.5
3.4
3.8
3.6
5.5
TFMN
YH09K1E
8.4
3.81
4.3
4.2
6.1
TFMN
YH11K1E
10.6
4.72
5.4
5.2
7.8
TFMN
YH13K1E
12.7
5.74
6.5
6.2
9.2
TFMN
YH16K1E
16.5
7.05
8.2
7.8
11.6
TFMN
Table 1: YH* model overview, operation at -7 °C / 50 °C / 10 K / 0 K
The YH*K1E compressors have one scroll compression set driven by a three-phase induction motor.
The scroll set is mounted at the upper end of the rotor shaft of the motor. The rotor shaft axis is in
the vertical plane.
2.2 Nomenclature
The model designation contains the following technical information about the compressor:
Figure 1: Nomenclature of YH*K1E compressors
2.3 BOM Variations
The BOM (bill of material) number at the end of the compressor designation indicates the different
compressor layouts and details. YH*K1E compressor models are available in the following BOM
versions:
BOM
Suction and discharge
connections
T-Box
Mounting
parts
Features
GBS
Brazing stub tubes
IP54
Without
Single compressor
GCG
Extra tube for paralleling
Table 2: BOM designation
Please refer to the Emerson price list for more details.

4 AGL_HP_ST_YHK1E_E_Rev02
2.4 Application range
2.4.1 Qualified refrigerants and oils
Compressors
YH04K1E to YH16K1E
Qualified
refrigerants
R454C, R1234yf,
R513A, R134a, R407C
Copeland standard
oil
RL32 3MAF
Servicing oil
RL32 3MAF
Table 3: Qualified refrigerants and oil
Oil recharge values can be taken from Copeland™brand products Select software available at
www.climate.emerson.com/en-gb.
2.4.2 Application limits
CAUTION
Inadequate lubrication! Compressor breakdown! The superheat at the
compressor suction inlet must always be sufficient to ensure that no refrigerant
droplets enter the compressor. For a typical evaporator-expansion valve
configuration a minimum stable superheat of at least 5 K is required.
For application envelopes and technical data, please refer to Copeland brand products Select
software available at www.climate.emerson.com/en-gb.
2.4.3 PED category and maximum allowable pressure PS
The YH*K1E compressor models covered in these guidelines are PED Class II, according to the
Pressure Equipment Directive PED 2014/68/EU.
The pressure PS is the maximum allowable pressure at the low- and high-pressure sides of the
compressor. The maximum pressure value PS for the individual compressor type is printed on the
nameplate of the compressor. Safety is established in compliance with the relevant standards
applicable to the given product.
Compressor
PS
High-pressure
side
PS
Low-pressure
side
TS
Low-pressure
side
PED
Class
R454C
R1234yf
PED
Class
R513A
R134a
R407C
YH04K1E to
YH16K1E
38 bar(g)
23.5 bar(g)
50 °C
2
1
Table 4: Maximum allowable pressures

AGL_HP_ST_YHK1E_E_Rev02 5
2.5 Dimensions
2.5.1 Dimensions YH04K1E to YH09K1E
Figure 2
Compressor
A ± 3.0
(mm)
B
(mm)
C ± 3.0
(mm)
D
(mm)
E
(mm)
Ø G
(inch)
YH04K1E
364.6
338.5
165.8
244.5
69.6
3/4"
YH06K1E
387.2
361.1
185.7
264.4
75.3
YH07K1E
400.9
374.9
198.4
277.1
YH09K1E
418
391.9
215.4
294.1
7/8"
Table 5: Dimensions for compressor models YH04K1E to YH09K1E
NOTE: The connection in blue colour is an additional connection for paralleling models.

6 AGL_HP_ST_YHK1E_E_Rev02
2.5.2 Dimensions YH11K1E to YH16K1E
Figure 3
Compressor
Ø A
(inch)
B
(mm)
YH11K1E & YH13K1E
1/2"
124.7
YH16K1E
3/4"
131.0
YH11K1E & YH13K1E
paralleling-ready
3/4"
124.7
YH16K1E paralleling-ready
3/4"
131.0
Table 6: Dimensions for compressor models YH11K1E to YH16K1E
NOTE: The connection in blue colour is an additional connection for paralleling models.

AGL_HP_ST_YHK1E_E_Rev02 7
3 Installation
WARNING
High pressure! Injury to skin and eyes possible! Be careful when opening
connections on a pressurized item.
3.1 Compressor handling
3.1.1 Transport and storage
WARNING
Risk of collapse! Personal injuries! Move compressors only with
appropriate mechanical or handling equipment according to weight. Keep in
the upright position. Respect stacking loads according to Figure 4. Check the
tilting stability and if needed take action to ensure the stability of the stacked
loads. Keep the packaging dry at all times.
Respect the maximum number of identical packages which may be stacked on one
another, where "n" is the limiting number:
▪Transport: n = 1
▪Storage: n = 2
Figure 4: Maximum stacking loads for transport and storage
The compressor tilt angle should not exceed 30° during transport and handling. This will prevent oil
from exiting through the suction stub. A tilt angle of maximum 45° is allowed for a very short time.
Tilting the compressor more than 45° might affect its lubrication at start-up.
NOTE: The compressor is pre-charged with dry air to avoid any moisture contamination.
3.1.2 Positioning and securing
IMPORTANT
Handling damage! Compressor malfunction! Only use the lifting eyes
whenever the compressor requires positioning. Using discharge or suction
connections for lifting may cause damage or leaks.
The compressor should be kept vertical during handling.
The discharge connection plug should be removed first before pulling the suction connection plug to
allow the dry air pressure inside the compressor to escape. Pulling the plugs in this sequence
prevents oil mist from coating the suction tube making brazing difficult. The copper-coated steel
suction tube should be cleaned before brazing.
The plugs must be removed as late as possible before brazing so that the air humidity does not affect
the oil characteristics.
For models YH*K1E, as oil might spill out of the suction connection located low on the shell, the
suction connection plug must be left in place until the compressor is set into the unit.
No object, eg, a swaging tool should be inserted deeper than 51 mm into the suction tube as it might
damage the suction screen and motor.
3.1.3 Installation location
Ensure the compressor is installed on a solid level base. For single-compressor applications, the
compressor tilt angle during operation should not exceed 15° to allow adequate lubrication. For
multiple-compressor parallel configurations, the compressors must be positioned completely
vertically on a totally horizontal surface or rail.

8 AGL_HP_ST_YHK1E_E_Rev02
3.2 Mounting parts
The compressors are designed to be mounted on vibration absorber grommets. The grommets
dampen the start-up surge of the compressor and minimise sound and vibration transmission to the
compressor base during operation. The metal sleeve inside is a guide designed to hold the grommet
in place. It is not designed as a load-bearing member, and application of excessive torque to the
bolts can crush the sleeve. Its inner diameter is approximately 8.5 mm to fit, eg, an M8 screw. The
mounting torque should be 13 ± 1 Nm. It is critically important that the grommet is not compressed.
If the compressors are mounted in tandem or used in parallel, then the hard mountings (bolt M8) are
recommended. The mounting torque should be 27 ± 1 Nm.
See Emerson spare parts software for reference.
Standard mounting parts for YH*K1E –Soft mountings
Alternative mounting parts for YH*K1E –Hard mountings
Figure 5: Mounting parts
3.3 Brazing procedure
WARNING
Air/flammable refrigerant mixture! Creation of a potentially flammable
atmosphere! Fire hazard! Remove all refrigerant before opening the system.
When working on a refrigerant-filled system, make sure to follow the safety
and working instructions given in Chapter 6 "Maintenance & repair".
WARNING
High temperature! Burning! Proceed with caution when brazing system
components. Do not touch the compressor until it has cooled down. Ensure
that other materials in the area of the compressor do not come into contact
with it.
IMPORTANT
Blockage! Compressor breakdown! Maintain a flow of oxygen-free nitrogen
through the system at very low-pressure during brazing. Nitrogen displaces
the air and prevents the formation of copper oxides in the system. If allowed
to form, the copper oxide material can later be swept through the system and
block screens such as those protecting capillary tubes, thermal expansion
valves, and accumulator oil return orifices.
Contamination or moisture! Bearing failure! Do not remove the connection
plugs until the compressor is set into the unit. This minimises any entry of
contaminants and moisture.

AGL_HP_ST_YHK1E_E_Rev02 9
3.3.1 General brazing procedure
Copeland Scroll compressors have copper-plated steel
suction and discharge stub tubes. These stub tubes are
far more robust and less prone to leaks than copper
tubes. Due to the different thermal properties of steel and
copper, brazing procedures should be carried out in an
appropriate manner.
Refer to Figure 6 and procedure below for the brazing of
the stub tube connections of a scroll compressor.
▪For systems with flammable A2L refrigerants, it is mandatory to flush oxygen-free nitrogen
through the piping during the brazing process.
▪The copper-coated steel tubes on scroll compressors can be brazed in approximately the same
manner as any copper tube.
▪Recommended brazing materials: any silfos material is recommended, preferably with a
minimum of 5 % silver. However, 0 % silver is acceptable.
▪Be sure tube fitting inner diameter and tube outer diameter are clean prior to assembly.
▪Using a double-tipped torch, apply heat in area 1.
▪As the tube approaches brazing temperature, move the torch flame to area 2.
▪Heat area 2 until braze temperature is attained, moving the torch up and down and rotating
around the tube as necessary to heat the tube evenly. Add braze material to the joint while
moving the torch around the joint to flow braze material around the circumference.
▪After the braze material flows around the joint, move the torch to heat area 3. This will draw the
braze material down into the joint. The time spent heating area 3 should be minimal.
▪As with any brazed joint, overheating may be detrimental to the final result.
NOTE: Since the discharge stub contains a check valve, care must be taken not to overheat
it to prevent brazing material from flowing into it.
3.3.2 Brazing procedure for YH*K1E compressors in parallel applications
WARNING
Air/flammable refrigerant mixture! Creation of a potentially flammable
atmosphere! Fire hazard! Remove all refrigerant before opening the system.
When working on a refrigerant-filled system, make sure to follow the safety
and working instructions given in Chapter 6 "Maintenance & repair".
Only compressor models officially approved by Emerson in the qualified configuration may be used
for parallel applications. For YH*K1E compressors in parallel applications with passive oil
management, additional precautions shall be taken before brazing the oil and gas equalization ports.
The sequence shall be as follows:
First, install the compressors on the base frame and tilt the assembly so that oil will not be lost when
opening the cap. The gas and oil equalization line assembly should be ready for brazing at this point.
For new compressors, release the protective gas charge: the rubber plug from the discharge port of
the compressor has to be removed first, then the rubber plug from the oil port.
Most probably the oil port will be coated with some oil. It is mandatory to clean out the oil before
brazing. If the inner surface is contaminated with oil the brazing material will not adhere to the surface
and the joint will fail, generating leakage. The oil should be carefully wiped out with industrial
absorption paper. Industrial solvents on a clean cloth can be used too but only with great care. Note
that emery cloth will not remove the oil.
It is possible that the oil cannot be completely cleaned out. In this case additional measures should
be taken. For instance, if a connection is coated with flux then the residual oil will be removed when
brazing due to the applied heat.
If an active oil level control is to be used, eg, Alco Controls OM* TraxOil, please refer to the product
documentation when brazing the connection adaptor.
: Brazing areas
Figure 6: Suction tube brazing areas

10 AGL_HP_ST_YHK1E_E_Rev02
3.4 Pressure safety controls
3.4.1 High-pressure protection
Applicable regulations and standards, for example EN 378-2, shall be followed to apply appropriate
control and ensure that the pressure never exceeds the maximum pressure limit.
High-pressure protection is required to stop the compressor operating outside the allowable pressure
limit. The high-pressure control must be installed correctly, meaning no service valve between the
compressor and the pressure protection is allowed.
The high-pressure cut-out setting shall be determined according to the applicable standard, the type
of system, the refrigerant type and the maximum allowable pressure PS.
3.4.2 Low-pressure protection
WARNING
Operation below ambient pressure! Fire hazard! During operation below
ambient pressure, a flammable mixture can form inside the system. Make sure
that air does not enter the system.
IMPORTANT
Operation outside the application envelope! Compressor breakdown! A
low-pressure protection shall be fitted in the suction line to stop the
compressor when it operates outside the envelope limits.
Make sure that the pressure never falls below atmospheric pressure. If it does, immediately de-
energize the power supply of the compressor and check the cause of the low pressure before
restarting the compressor.
To prevent the pressure from falling below atmospheric pressure, Emerson requires that YH*K1E
compressors be fitted with a low-pressure control, with no service valve between the low-pressure
side and the pressure control.
For hermetically sealed system, in case the approved application envelope is below atmospheric
pressure, the following rules shall be observed:
▪valid only for hermetically sealed systems –see safety standards for definition;
▪the minimum absolute pressure is 0.5 bar;
▪a discharge temperature control is mandatory to stop the compressor when exceeding the
maximum discharge temperature –see Chapter 3.6 "Discharge gas temperature protection".
3.5 Crankcase heater
WARNING
Ignition source in a potentially flammable atmosphere! Fire hazard! The
crankcase heater is not an ignition source during normal operation but could
become one when not installed properly according to installation instructions.
Ensure correct electrical and mechanical installation.
CAUTION
Overheating and burnout! Compressor damage! Never apply power to the
crankcase heater in free air, before the crankcase heater is installed on the
compressor or when it is not in complete contact with the compressor shell.
IMPORTANT
Oil dilution! Bearing malfunction! Turn the crankcase heater on 12 hours
before starting the compressor.
A crankcase heater is used to prevent refrigerant migrating into the shell during standstill periods.
The installation of a crankcase heater is required when the system charge exceeds the charge limits
indicated in Table 7. This requirement is independent from system type and configuration.

AGL_HP_ST_YHK1E_E_Rev02 11
Compressor model
Refrigerant
charge limit
Crankcase heater
Position
Height
in mm
YH04K1E to YH09K1E
1.54 kg
10 - 40
YH11K1E to YH16K1E
1.93 kg
Table 7: Refrigerant charge limits & crankcase heater position
The initial start-up in the field is a very critical moment for any compressor because all load-bearing
surfaces are new and require a short break-in period to carry high loads under adverse conditions.
The crankcase heater must be turned on a minimum of 12 hours prior to starting the
compressor. This will prevent oil dilution and bearing stress on initial start-up. The crankcase
heater must remain energized during compressor off cycles.
NOTE: Please refer to the Spare Parts list available at www.climate.emerson.com/en-gb/tools-
resources to select the correct crankcase heater model.
Caution: Crankcase heaters must be properly grounded!
For installation, the manufacturer/installer shall follow the recommendations mentioned below.
Assembly instructions
▪Choose the appropriate model according to compressor size and required wattage.
▪Check the compressor application guidelines for crankcase heater connection and operation.
▪Position the crankcase heater between the lower cover and the lower bearing weld projection
(Fig. 7).
▪Fit the heater horizontally around the crankcase, ensuring that it is in close contact with the
compressor housing along the entire length.
▪Avoid having the heating portion of the heater in contact with any weld projection (Fig. 8 & 9).
▪Avoid having the assembly heater inclined (Fig. 10).
▪Close the lock and tighten the screw, torque: 2-3 Nm.
▪The excess clamp bracket may be trimmed. Sharp edges must not come into contact with wires.
The presence of the heater shall be made evident by posting caution signs or markings at appropriate
locations.
Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10
Electrical connection
▪Connect the crankcase heater according to the compressor application guidelines.
▪The crankcase heater must be connected only to its rated voltage.
▪The metal braid of the heater must be connected to a suitable earthing terminal.
▪Check the resistance according to the technical data.
▪Perform an insulation test before start-up.
▪Electrical security and safety measures are to be provided on site.

12 AGL_HP_ST_YHK1E_E_Rev02
3.6 Discharge gas temperature protection
IMPORTANT
Inadequate lubrication! Scroll set damage! All YH*K1E compressors must
be equipped with a discharge gas temperature protection.
A good system control shall prevent the system from operating outside the published operating
envelope and acceptable superheat range, whatever the climatic conditions and the capacity
demand. However, under some extreme operating conditions (such as loss of charge or improper
control operation), the internal discharge gas temperature reached can cause compressor damage.
In order to ensure positive compressor protection, discharge gas temperature protection is required
for any application with Copeland brand compressors.
The maximum discharge gas temperature is 130 °C for YH*K1E compressors.
Discharge gas temperature protection is the "fall-back" for failure of the system control. It is essential
that proper control of both the evaporating and condensing pressures and the superheat is
maintained and has the ability to cope with all likely conditions and high loads. Reliance on protectors
will cause inadequate system performance and short cycling.
NOTE: The maximum discharge gas temperatures indicated in this chapter are valid for safe
operation within the approved application envelope. The discharge line thermostat has the
function of a compressor protection device; it is not designed to control the operating
envelope. For compressor envelope control, an additional control device or regulation must
be used.
3.6.1 Excessive discharge gas temperature
A few of the possible consequences of excessive discharge gas temperatures are listed below:
▪Since the oil circulates in the system with the refrigerant, it is subjected to high discharge gas
temperatures. If the discharge gas temperature becomes too high, the so-called "cooking" effect
will occur (heating of oil under exclusion of air). Carbon deposits can form at points of high
temperature, for example on the valves, oil channels, oil filters, etc. The oil lubricity will be reduced
and a progressive wear process will occur which will prematurely damage the compressor.
▪The stability of the refrigerant can also be affected, particularly if traces of contaminant are
present.
The problems described above frequently occur simultaneously, particularly since the chemical
reaction speed approximately doubles with every 10°C temperature rise. This directly leads to
chemical reactions of the oil with the refrigerant and the compounds extracted from sealants and
insulation material. As a consequence, contaminants of various types, among them acids, will form
inside the system.
3.6.2 Discharge line thermostat
YH*K1E compressors have no internal discharge gas temperature protection. Therefore, an external
discharge line thermostat must be installed.
Figure 11: Discharge line thermostat with clamp
Technical data of the discharge line thermostat
Voltage
120-240 VAC
Maximum amperage
5A/240 V
Operating temperatures
Open
134 °C (± 4 K)
Close
106 °C (± 8 K)
Wire insulation maximum temperature
150 °C
Clips for tube
ø 12.7 mm (0.5")
Table 8: Discharge line thermostat –Technical data

AGL_HP_ST_YHK1E_E_Rev02 13
To ensure proper functioning and to avoid false readings, the discharge line thermostat must be
installed and insulated according to the procedure and recommendations hereunder.
Assembly of the discharge line thermostat
▪Install the discharge line thermostat on the
discharge tube 120 mm from top cap.
▪Snap the retainer clip over the tube and onto
the thermostat.
▪The thermostat should be placed on the
discharge tube so that its body is in upward
position on a horizontal tube installation.
▪Ensure that the thermostat is not tilted.
▪The wire must not be in contact with the top
cap of the compressor or the discharge tube.
Care should be taken to route wires so that
they do not come into contact with sharp
objects.
▪To avoid any impact on tripping temperature
by the ambient, the discharge line thermostat
must be insulated.
▪Wrap thermal insulation around the pipe left
and right of the thermostat and secure it with
plastic straps.
▪Wrap a second layer of insulation around the
first one and around the thermostat, and
secure it with plastic straps.
3.7 Internal pressure relief valve
An internal pressure relief valve is provided on Copeland Scroll compressor models YBD*K1E. It
opens at a differential pressure of 28 bar ± 3 bar between high- and low-pressure sides. A high-
pressure protection must be provided by the system manufacturer/installer for each system and
according to EN 378-2, clause 6.2.6.2. The IPR valve is a safety device, not a high-pressure switch.
It is not designed for repeated operation and there is no guarantee that it will reset correctly if it does
have repeated operation.
3.8 Discharge check valve
Compressor models YH*K1E contain an internal check valve on the discharge connection. The
discharge check valve prevents the high-side, high-pressure discharge gas from flowing rapidly back
through the compressor after shutdown.
NOTE: This check valve cannot be used with recycling pumpdown because it is not entirely
leak-proof.

14 AGL_HP_ST_YHK1E_E_Rev02
3.9 Filter screens
CAUTION
Screen blocking! Compressor breakdown! Use screens with at least
0.6 mm openings.
The use of filter screens finer than 30 x 30 mesh (0.6 mm openings) anywhere in the system should
be avoided with these compressors. Field experience has shown that finer mesh screens used to
protect thermal expansion valves, capillary tubes or accumulators can become temporarily or
permanently plugged with normal system debris and block the flow of either oil or refrigerant to the
compressor. Such blockage can result in compressor failure.
3.10 Mufflers
Gas flow through scroll compressors is continuous with relatively low pulsation. External mufflers
may not be required on Copeland Scroll compressors. Due to system variability, individual tests
should be conducted by the system manufacturer to verify acceptable levels of sound and vibration.
If adequate attenuation is not achieved, use a muffler with a larger cross-sectional area to inlet area
ratio. A ratio of 20:1 to 30:1 is recommended. A hollow shell muffler will work quite well. Locate the
muffler at minimum 15 cm to maximum 45 cm from the compressor for the most effective operation.
The farther the muffler is placed from the compressor within these ranges, the more effective. Choose
a muffler with a length of 10 to 15 cm.
3.11 Sound shell
At this time, no sound shell attenuation for YH*K1E compressors is available from Emerson. If a
sound shell is still needed, particular attention shall be paid to the electrostatic charge of the
insulation material as it could be a potential ignition source.
3.12 Insulation material
Insulation material is commonly used in a system to insulate the suction line, suction accumulator,
expansion valve bulb or discharge line thermostat. When choosing the insulation material, particular
attention shall be paid to its non-electrostatic properties, as it could be a potential ignition source.
3.13 Sound and vibration
WARNING
Vibrations! Creation of a flammable atmosphere! Carefully check the
system for vibrations.
Vibrations during compressor operation can cause cracks which could lead to refrigerant leakage.
This situation must be avoided by the system manufacturer/installer. Therefore, the pipework must
be carefully designed when connecting a scroll compressor to a system.
A scroll compressor makes both a rocking and twisting motion
and enough flexibility must be provided in the pipe-lines to
allow starting, stopping and steady state running of the
compressor without transmitting excessive stress into any
line attached to the unit. In a split system, the most important
goal is to ensure minimal vibration in all directions to avoid
transmitting vibrations to the structure to which the lines are
fastened.
Under some conditions, the Copeland Scroll has a normal
starting rotational motion that can transmit a transient noise
along the lines. This may be particularly pronounced in
compressors using a three-phase motor due to their
inherently higher starting torque. This phenomenon, like the
one described previously, can easily be avoided by using
standard line isolation techniques.
The sound level of a system is the result of design, quality and application. Scroll compressors sound
power levels generally increase with the compressor model capacity and the condition pressure ratio.
Figure 12: Example of suction tube design

AGL_HP_ST_YHK1E_E_Rev02 15
3.14 Compressor oil return, oil balancing and floodback tests
CAUTION
Inadequate lubrication! Bearing and moving parts destruction! Ensure
adequate oil return from the system into the compressor at any time. No liquid
refrigerant return to the compressor. Liquid refrigerant dilutes the oil, could
wash the oil off the bearings and moving parts and could lead to overheating
and compressor failure.
The system piping must be carefully designed to ensure sufficient refrigerant gas velocity, so that oil
returns to the compressor at all times and conditions. Individual piping diameter calculation depends
on the refrigerant properties, pressure level, mass flow, and density.
Once a new system design is set and assembled, a functional test and verification is required. The
functional test includes a qualification for the general system oil return and a refrigerant floodback
test. Systems with multiple compressor applications (two, three, or more) require additional oil
balancing qualification between the parallel compressors.
A sample compressor equipped with an external oil sight tube can be ordered from Emerson for lab
testing.
Records of the evaporating temperature and the bottom shell temperature shall be taken with a high
sampling rate during the entire oil return or oil balance testing and under all tested conditions. The
liquid level in the sight tube has to be observed and recorded too. Testing conditions shall include
defrost and varying loads. If the system is reversible, the tests should be conducted in both operation
modes.
System engineers should review the system design and operation to identify the critical conditions
and to check oil return, oil balancing and liquid floodback. Typically, the following situations should
be considered:
▪In single compressor systems: to check oil return, testing conditions shall be at minimum mass
flow and minimum density of suction gas in continuous and frequent start-stop-cycling.
▪In multiple compressor systems: to check oil return and oil balancing in the tandem or trio,
testing conditions shall be at the corner points of the system application envelope in continuous
and frequent start-stop-cycling.
▪In all systems: to test liquid floodback, all possible transient operation conditions in the system
should be checked, eg, compressor frequent start/stop, compressor start after long off time with
migration, defrost, switching between the operation modes in reversible systems, load changes,
fans or pumps cycling at low load and more. To evaluate the risk of liquid floodback, please refer
to the oil dilution chart in Figure 13. Liquid level and superheat at compressor inlet have to be
checked.
Figure 13: Oil dilution chart (tb = bottom shell temp.; te = evaporating temp.) and oil temperature
The bottom shell temperature together with the evaporating temperature gives an indication whether
liquid refrigerant is returning or diluted in the compressor oil sump. The compressor sump
temperature must remain in the (green) safe area, as shown in the oil dilution chart –see Figure 13