Grandstream Networks GWN7000 User manual

Grandstream Networks, Inc.
GWN7000 QoS - VoIP Traffic Management

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QoS in VoIP Environment Guide
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................4
DSCP CLASSIFICATION................................................................................................5
QUALITY OF SERVICE ON GWN7000..........................................................................6
USING QOS TO PRIORITIZE VOIP TRAFFIC .............................................................10
QoS Configuration using IP Address ...................................................................................................10
QoS Configuration using Source Port..................................................................................................14
QoS Configuration for a Network Group (using VLANs) .....................................................................16
SMART QUEUE............................................................................................................19
Feature Overview.................................................................................................................................19
Configuration........................................................................................................................................19

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Table of Tables
Table 1: DSCP...............................................................................................................................................5
Table 2: QoS Global ......................................................................................................................................7
Table 3: Upstream QoS.................................................................................................................................7
Table 4: QoS Policer .....................................................................................................................................8
Table 5: Smart Queue Configuration Parameters .......................................................................................20
Table of Figures
Figure 1: Data & VoIP Prioritization...............................................................................................................4
Figure 2: QoS Page ......................................................................................................................................6
Figure 3: Prioritizing by IP Address .............................................................................................................10
Figure 4: Fixing a Static IP .......................................................................................................................... 11
Figure 5: Static IP........................................................................................................................................11
Figure 6: Enable QoS..................................................................................................................................11
Figure 7: Create Traffic Class .....................................................................................................................12
Figure 8: Assign Class Priority to Conferencing System IP ........................................................................13
Figure 9: Save and Apply Traffic Filter by IP...............................................................................................14
Figure 10: Prioritize SIP signaling ...............................................................................................................15
Figure 11: Prioritize by Source Port ............................................................................................................15
Figure 12: Prioritizing by Network Group (VLAN ID) ..................................................................................16
Figure 13: Prioritizing Traffic by Network Group/VLANs .............................................................................17
Figure 14: Prioritize Traffic on a Network Group.........................................................................................18
Figure 15: Smart Queue..............................................................................................................................19
Figure 16: Smart Queue Configuration .......................................................................................................20
Figure 17: Smart Queue Status ..................................................................................................................22

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INTRODUCTION
QoS (Quality of Service) allows to prioritize data, slowing down less important data to allow more important
or sensitive data to be prioritized first.
In a network where many devices and services are being provided using same network resources, QoS
can play a very important role to prioritize and reliably deliver certain types of data such as voice or video
in favor of file transfers for example.
QoS service uses DCSP classification and can be configured on GWN7000 in different ways; per IP
address(es), per port(s) or per Network Groups.
This guide will show how to use GWN7000 in such environments where it is essential to prioritize VoIP
traffic over other types of data such as file transfers, HTTP web browsing…etc.
Figure 1: Data & VoIP Prioritization

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DSCP CLASSIFICATION
Differentiated Services (DiffServ) is a new model in which traffic is treated by intermediate systems with
relative priorities based on the type of services (ToS) field. Defined in RFC 2474 and RFC 2475, the DiffServ
standard supersedes the original specification for defining packet priority described in RFC 791. DiffServ
increases the number of definable priority levels by reallocating bits of an IP packet for priority marking.
The DiffServ architecture defines the DiffServ (DS) field, which supersedes the ToS field to make per-hop
behavior (PHB) decisions about packet classification and traffic conditioning functions, such as marking,
filtering, and policing.
Refer to below table for Layer3 and Layer2 classifications regarding the used applications/services.
Table 1: DSCP
Application/Service
L3 Classification
L2 Classification
Per-Hop-Behavior
(PHB)
DSCP
CoS
Routing
CS6
48
6
Voice
EF
46
5
Multimedia Conferencing
AF41
34
4
Multimedia Streaming
CS4
32
4
Mission-Critical Data
25
3
Call Signaling
[AF31 CS3]
[26 24]
3
Transactional Data
AF21
18
2
Network Management
CS2
16
2
Bulk Data
AF11
10
1
Scavenger
CS1
8
1
Best Effort (Default)
0
0
0

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QUALITY OF SERVICE ON GWN7000
The GWN7000 supports 802.1Q, 802.1p Layer 2 standards allowing to create multiple traffic classes, filter
by port, IP address or network groups. Along with the support of DSCP Layer 3 marking and policing
features to help shape high downstream traffic.
QoS features are accessible from GWN7000’s WebGUI Router QoS
Figure 2: QoS Page
To activate QoS, check “Enable QoS”. Three tabs are available for configuration:
1. Global: To configure download and upload bandwidth speeds settings on each WAN interface.
2. Upstream QoS: Upstream QoS allows creating Traffic Classes to prioritize traffic for specific resources
on the network by controlling transmission/upload rate. Note that different traffic filters can be created
and applied to classes to mark the packet with the DSCP value by respecting following conditions:
✓The total of Upstream bandwidth values of each created class should not exceed the upstream
bandwidth value configured in Global.
✓The remaining bandwidth will be lent to the class of traffic with the next priority.
✓All filter options are summed together.
3. Policer: While Upstream QoS is dealing with traffic transmission, Policer is controlling the incoming
traffic. Thus, allowing to create rules to specific targets to set priority and received traffic rate, giving the
GWN7000 the ability to drop the exceeding traffic when reaching the configured maximum rate.

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The following tables describe each tab option:
Table 2: QoS Global
Enabled
Check to enable upstream and downstream bandwidth speeds for the selected WAN
interface.
Upstream
Set the upstream value to specify the upload bandwidth for selected interface.
The value should end with “Mbit”, “Kbit” or with no unit if the set value is referring to “bit”
unit.
Note: This value will affect and limit the bandwidth values on created classes on “QoS
Upstream”.
Examples: 500Mbit
100Kbit
500
Downstream
Set downstream value to specify the download bandwidth speed for selected interface.
The value should end with “Mbit”, “Kbit” or with no unit if the set value is referring to “bit”
unit.
Examples: 1000Mbit
100Kbit
500
Table 3: Upstream QoS
Traffic Class
Name
Define a name for the traffic class.
Priority
Set the priority of the traffic class. Lower values have higher priority.
Valid range is between 1 and 64.
Interface
Select the WAN interface from which the traffic will be classified.
Make sure to enable QoS on the desired interface from “QoS ” in order to appear.
Upstream
Set Upstream bandwidth value.
The value should end with “Mbit”, “Kbit” or with no unit if the set value is referring to “bit”
unit.
Note: The sum of created classes should have upstream bandwidth speeds lower than
the Upstream bandwidth value configured on “QoS Global”.
Examples: 100Mbit
100Kbit
500

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Traffic Filter
Class
Select a class from created traffic classes using drop-down menu.
Name
Define a Name for the traffic filter rule.
DSCP
Choose the Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) value from drop-down list.
Default is 0.
IP Source
Address
Specify the Source IP address from which the traffic filter rule will be applied.
IP Destination
Address
Specify the Destination IP address to which the traffic filter rule will be applied.
TCP Source
Port
Specify the TCP Source port from which the traffic filter rule will be applied.
TCP Destination
Port
Specify the TCP Source port to which the traffic filter rule will be applied.
UDP Source
Port
Specify the UDP Source port from which the traffic filter rule will be applied.
UDP
Destination Port
Specify the UDP Source port to which the traffic filter rule will be applied.
Group Source
Choose the LAN group of the specified Source IP address. If no Source IP address has
been defined, the rule will be applied to all members of that LAN group.
Table 4: QoS Policer
Name
Define a Name for the Policer rule.
Interface
Select an interface from which the traffic will be policed.
Make sure to enable the desired interface from “QoS ” in order to appear.
Priority
Set the priority of the traffic class. Lower values have higher priority.
Valid range is between 1 and 64.
Rate
Set a Rate value for download bandwidth when applying policer rule.
DSCP
Choose the Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) value from drop-down list.
Default is 0.
IP Source
Address
Specify the Source IP address from which the policer rule will be applied.
IP Destination
Address
Specify the Destination IP address to which the policer rule will be applied.

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TCP Source
Port
Specify the TCP Source port from which the policer rule will be applied.
TCP Destination
Port
Specify the TCP Source port to which the policer rule will be applied.
UDP Source
Port
Specify the UDP Source port from which the policer rule will be applied.
UDP
Destination Port
Specify the UDP Source port to which the policer rule will be applied.
Group Source
Choose the LAN group of the specified Source IP address. If no Source IP address has
been defined, the rule will be applied to all members of that LAN group.

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USING QOS TO PRIORITIZE VOIP TRAFFIC
Traffic priority is a way of ensuring that specific applications or sub networks are guaranteed a certain
amount of the uplink bandwidth at all times. Traffic priorities only come into play when the network is using
all of the pre-configured bandwidth on the uplink.
For VoIP environments, network latency can be a big issue that can be caused by network congestions due
to file transfer operations for example. Hence, making audio or video calls very hard to deal with where a
delay can make the communication impossible, on the other hand, having a little delay on your downloaded
file for example is not very critical to the network.
And since VoIP signaling or voice/video communications are very critical to most Enterprises in the age of
Unified Communication, and does not require a very large bandwidth, is it very required to give these types
of services a special treatment.
QoS Configuration using IP Address
In this section, we will show how to prioritize traffic for a specific IP within GWN7000 Network.
Figure 3: Prioritizing by IP Address
In above example figure, we will prioritize all traffic coming from GVC3200’s IP address (Video Conferencing
System) regardless of the service or port used on the conferencing System.

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Figure 4: Fixing a Static IP
1. Supposing that the device is correctly connected to the a GWN7000 Network and has an IP, it is advised
to set a static IP for the device in question.
To set a static IP for the device on which traffic need to be prioritized, access to GWN7000 WebGUI 
Clients and click on edit icon next to the device to set a static IP as shown in below figure.
Figure 5: Static IP
2. Once set, go to RouterQoSGlobal and make sure that the related WAN port on which the device
belongs to is enabled and has a “Downstream” and “Upstream” bandwidth values.
3. Check “Enable QoS” (a Reboot of GWN7000 will be required after finishing all QoS setup) and click on
“Save”.
Figure 6: Enable QoS
4. Navigate to Router QoS  Upstream QoS.
5. On “Traffic Class”, click “Add” to create a traffic Class in order to set the priority, choose the WAN
Interface set on previous step, and define the Upstream bandwidth value.

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Note: Upstream bandwidth on each created class will be added together and should not surpass the
Upstream bandwidth value set in QoSBasic
Figure 7: Create Traffic Class
6. After creating the traffic class, users will need to assign this class as Traffic Filter, hence on Traffic Filter
section click on “Add” to create a new Traffic Filter.
7. Choose the Class from drop-down menu on “Class” field, in our example, we used Conferencing.
8. Set a Name for the Traffic Filter, and choose the DSCP value (for conferencing purpose, it is advised
to use 34 af41).
9. On “IP Source Address”, set the device’s IP address, in our example, the conferencing System has
192.168.1.238 as IP.

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Figure 8: Assign Class Priority to Conferencing System IP
10. Save, Apply, and reboot the GWN7000 to take effect.

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Figure 9: Save and Apply Traffic Filter by IP
QoS Configuration using Source Port
Instead of prioritizing a specific IP address on the Network, it is also possible to prioritize traffic from a
certain source port.
In below steps we will prioritize all traffic using 5060 and 5061 ports on UDP and TCP, which are standard
ports for SIP signaling, similar steps can be performed for any other ports depending on the service/protocol.
1. Similar to prioritizing by IP address, it is needed to enable QoS from QoSGlobal, and enable related
WAN port.
2. Create a class with a priority and upstream bandwidth value from QoSUpstream
3. Create a traffic filter in order to assign the class created in previous step.
4. In our example will set 5061 in TCP source port and 5060 in UDP source port, and setting the DSCP
value to “26 af31” which recommended for VoIP signaling, as shown in below figure.

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Figure 10: Prioritize SIP signaling
5. Save, Apply, and reboot the GWN7000 to take effect.
Figure 11: Prioritize by Source Port

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QoS Configuration for a Network Group (using VLANs)
The GWN7000 offers the possibility to create different Network Groups separated by VLANs, this allows
prioritizing the whole traffic on a certain network group using QoS.
This is useful in installation where data and voice for example are separated via VLANs through network
groups.
Figure 12: Prioritizing by Network Group (VLAN ID)
In above example figure we supposed that GWN7000 has two Network Groups.
We will prioritize all traffic coming from Network Group 2, please refer to below steps for above example,
and note that similar steps can be applied for any other network group:
1. Similar to prioritizing by IP address/Source Port, it is needed to enable QoS from QoSGlobal, and
enable related WAN port.
2. Create a class with a priority and upstream bandwidth value from QoSUpstream.
3. Create a traffic filter in order to assign the class created in previous step.
4. In our example will set “DSCP” value to “26 af31” which recommended for Transactional data, and
choose Network Group 2 on “Group Source”, as shown in below figure.

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Figure 13: Prioritizing Traffic by Network Group/VLANs
5. Save, Apply, and reboot the GWN7000 to take effect.

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Figure 14: Prioritize Traffic on a Network Group

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SMART QUEUE
Feature Overview
Starting from firmware version 1.0.4.23, GWN7000 supports smart queue feature which adds an extremely
effective QoS implementation which simple configuration steps. This will help to reduce BufferBloat and
keeps latency at acceptable levels for delay sensitive applications such as voice over IP and video
conferencing, even under high network load and congestion points.
Configuration
In order to configure and enable smart queue feature for QoS, user should navigate under the menu
“RouterQoSSmart Queue” which will show the status of each WAN link as shown on the following
figure.
Figure 15: Smart Queue
After this, users need to enable the option per WAN interface basis, click on button in order to enable
and configure the feature on one of the WAN interfaces.

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Figure 16: Smart Queue Configuration
The following table summarizes the available configuration parameters:
Table 5: Smart Queue Configuration Parameters
Option
Description
Enabled
Check this option in order to enable the feature on the WAN interface.
Qdisc
Select which Queuing discipline method to use for QoS:
•fq_codel (Fair Queue with Controlled Delay)
•Cake
Manager
Choose the type of the smart queue management:
If fq_codel queuing discipline method is selected.
•simple: Three-tier prioritization system.
•simplest: HTB (Hierarchical Token Bucket) shaper with a single fq_codel
queuing discipline.
•simplest_tbf: TBF (Token Bucket Filter) shaper with a single fq_codel
queuing discipline.