Guildline 9334A Series User manual

Model 9334A Series
Precision Resistance Standards
Technical Manual
NOTICE
The contents and information contained in this manual are proprietary to
Guildline Instruments Limited. They are to be used only as a guide to the
operation and maintenance of the equipment with which this manual was
issued and may not be duplicated or transmitted by any means, either in whole
or in part, without the written permission of Guildline Instruments Limited.
TM9334A-G2-00
18 October, 2023

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Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction 1-1
1.1 Unpacking and Inspection 1-1
1.2 Warranty 1-2
1.3 To Obtain Warranty or Calibration and Repair Service 1-3
1.4 Safety Information 1-4
2.0 9334A Series Standard Specifications 2-1
2.1 9334A Model Series Uncertainty Specifications 2-1
3.0 Overview 3-1
3.1 General 3-1
3.2 Series Design Layouts 3-3
3.2.1 1 µΩ to 100 µΩ Standard Values 3-3
3.2.2 0.001 Ω to 1 MΩ Standard Values 3-4
3.2.3 10 MΩ to 100 GΩ Standard Values 3-5
3.2.4 “H” and “W” Standard Case Styles 3-5
3.3 Custom Values 3-7
4.0 Calibration and Performance Verification 4-1
4.1 Introduction 4-1
4.2 Calibration Overview 4-1
4.3 Calibration Interval and Performance 4-2
4.4 Calibration Temperature Point 4-2
4.5 Equipment and Standards Required for Calibration 4-3
4.5.1 Normal Ohms Calibration Standards (0.1 Ω to 100 kΩ) 4-3
4.5.2 Low Ohms Calibration Standards (1 µΩ to 0.1 Ω) 4-4
4.5.3 High Ohms Calibration Standards (100 kΩ to 1 GΩ) 4-4
4.5.4 Ultra High Ohms Calibration Standards (>1 GΩ) 4-5
4.6 Routine Calibration 4-6
4.7 Low Ohms Calibration 4-8
4.8 Normal Ohms Calibration 4-9
4.9 High Ohms Calibration 4-10
4.10 Ultra-High Ohms Calibration 4-11
5.0 Maintenance 5-1
5.1 Replaceable Parts 5-1
5.1.1 Common Parts (All Models) 5-1
5.1.2 Terminals 0.001 Ω to 100 GΩ 5-2
5.1.3 Terminals 100 µΩand Less 5-2
5.1.4 AH and AW Series Terminals 5-2

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List Of Figures
FIGURE 1 - 9334A SERIES..................................................................................................................................................3-1
FIGURE 2 - RESISTANCE ELEMENT BUILD UP ...........................................................................................................3-2
FIGURE 3 - 9334A SERIES FROM 1 µΩ TO 100 µOHM............................................................................................3-3
FIGURE 4 - 9334A SERIES FROM 0.001 Ω TO 1 MΩ.................................................................................................3-4
FIGURE 5 - 9334A SERIES FROM 1 MΩ TO 100 GΩ .................................................................................................3-5
FIGURE 6 - EXAMPLE “H” CASE ......................................................................................................................................3-5
FIGURE 7 - “H” CASE LAYOUT.........................................................................................................................................3-6
FIGURE 8 - “W” CASE LAYOUT........................................................................................................................................3-6

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List Of Tables
TABLE 1 - 9334A MODEL SERIES UNCERTAINTY SPECIFICATIONS 2-1
TABLE 2 - LIST OF RECOMMENDED TEST CURRENTS OR VOLTAGES FOR RESISTANCE VALUES 4-7
TABLE 3 - CALIBRATION DATA WORKSHEET 4-12
TABLE 4 - TERAOHMMETER CALIBRATION DATA WORKSHEET 4-13

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1.0 INTRODUCTION
This manual provides an overview of the 9334A Series of Air Resistance Standards and also
contains the necessary information required to perform a calibration or verification test.
General product information, description of case styles and performance specifications are
also included.
This manual applies to all models of the 9334A Series of Resistance Standards unless
otherwise noted. This includes custom values that are ordered.
The phone number in the USA and Canada to obtain Product Support, Calibration Service or
Replacment Parts is [phone].
To Contact Guildline Instruments, the following information is provided.
USA and Canada Telephone: [phone]
USA and Canada Fax: [phone]
Outside US and Canada Telephone: + [0] [1] 613 283-3000
Outside US and Canada Fax: + [0] [1] 613 283-6082
You can also contact Guildline Instruments Limted via their Email or Websites.
Email is: [e-mail]
Website is: www.guildline.com
1.1 Unpacking and Inspection
Every care is taken in the choice of packing material to ensure that your equipment will
reach you in perfect condition. If the equipment has been subject to excessive handling in
transit, the fact will probably be visible as external damage to the shipping carton.
In the event of damage, the shipping container and cushioning material should be kept for
the carrier’s inspection.
Carefully unpack the equipment and check for external damage to the standard. If the
shipping container and packing material are undamaged, they should be retained for use
in return shipments. If damage is found notify the carrier and Guildline immediately.

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1.2 Warranty
Guildline Instruments warrants its products to be free of defects in manufacture and normal
operation for a period of two (2) years from the date of purchase, except as otherwise
specified. This warranty applies only in the country of original purchase and only to the
original purchaser, who is also the end user. Equipment, which is defective or fails within the
warranty period, will be repaired or replaced at our factory without charge at the discretion
of Guildline Instruments.
In addition, standards and systems manufactured by Guildline Instruments are warranted to
be free of defects in overall system operation for a period of two (2) years from the date of
receipt by the original purchaser.
Third party system components purchased by Guildline carry the warranty of the original
equipment manufacturer and will be accepted for claim by Guildline Instruments at our
factory only after warranty authorization by the original manufacturer.
Limitation of Warranty
Warranty coverage does not apply to equipment which has failed due to misuse, neglect,
accident or abnormal conditions of operation or if modifications or repairs have been made
without prior written authorization of Guildline instruments.
Temperature probes are not warranted against failure due to mechanical shock.
Fuses, lamps and non-rechargeable batteries are not warranted against breakage.
Damage in Shipment to Orignal Purchase
Instrument(s) should be thoroughly inspected immediately on receipt for visible damage.
Any damage should be reported to the carrier and further inspection and operational tests
should be carried out if appropriate to determine if there is internal damage. Contact
Guildline Instruments before returning for repair. The Customer or purchaser must complete
all final claims with the carrier.
Regular charges will apply to non-warranty service. External service charges and expenses
will be billed at cost plus handling.

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1.3 To Obtain Warranty or Calibration and Repair Service
Call for a Return Material Autorization (RMA) number. RMA’s are required for all
Warranty Returns and/or Calibration and Repair Service Requests. Telephone, Fax and
email addresses to contact Guildline are provided previously.
Guildline Instruments will pay for all warranty costs including shipping from Guildline to the
original shipment point. However, if the instrument is purchased within one country and
shipped to another, Guildline will only pay for shipping to the original ship to country or
customer point. The customer is responsible for paying for the shipping costs to return an
item to Guildline.
USA Warranty Return Address.
USA Customers should use the following address to return instruments for warranty service
or calibration support.
Guildline Instruments Limited
C/O AN Deringer
835 Commerce Park Drive
Ogdensburg, NY 13669
Mark on the outside of the box:
RMA # _____________
Model #_____________
Serial #_____________
The Statement: “Canadian manufactured goods being returned for repair.”
For all other countries, including Canada please ship to:
Guildline Instruments Limited
21 Gilroy Street, PO Box 99
Smiths Falls, ON K7A 4S9
Mark on the outside of the box:
RMA # _____________
Model #_____________
Serial #_____________
The Statement: “Canadian manufactured goods being returned for repair.”

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1.4 Safety Information
These Standards can be used with Equipment capable of voltages up to 1000 V. The
operator should be aware of the environment in which these standards are used.
WARNING: Use caution when working with voltages above 30 V ac rms, 42 V ac peak,
or 42 V dc. These voltages pose a shock hazard.
The 9334A Resistance Standards are designed to work within specifications to 100 mW of
power and 1000 Vdc or less. Applying more than the recommended power or voltage will
damage the unit and voids the warranty.
Do not use the Resistance Standard in wet environments.
Never use the Resistance Standard with the cover removed or the case open.
When making electrical connections, connect the common test lead before connecting the
live test lead; when disconnecting, disconnect the live test lead before disconnecting the
common test lead.
Inspect the Resistance Standard for damage such as cracked connectors prior to use. If unit
has a burned smell or smoke is visible during use, discontinue use immediately.
If test equipment used with Resistance standards overloads or trips, this could be a sign that
the resistance standard requires repair..
Inspect all test leads used with the Resistance Standard for damaged insulation or exposed
metal. Check all test leads for continuity.
Ensure all test leads are correctly connected prior to applying current or voltage.
Do not use resistance standards around explosive gas, vapor or dust.

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2.0 9334A SERIES STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS
2.1 9334A Model Series Uncertainty Specifications
Table 1 shows the specificatons for the 9334A series. For custom models, please consult
your calibration certificate to determine stabilities and maximum limits.
Table 1 - 9334A Model Series Uncertainty Specifications
Low to Ultra Low Values (4-Wire Configurations)
Model
(Nominal Ω)
Initial 1
Tolerance
±ppm
Stability (± ppm) 2Maximum Limits Temperature
Coefficient
± ppm/°C
Voltage 4
Coefficient
± ppm/Vdc
Initial 12
Months 32nd Year3Current (A)
Voltage
(V)
9334A-1µ 500 250 50 100 0.0001 50 NA
9334A-10µ 200 100 25 50 0.0005 25 NA
9334A-100µ 50 25 15 20 0.002 8 NA
9334A-0.001 20 15 10 6 0.01 1.5 NA
9334A-0.01 10 10 5 3 0.03 0.5 NA
Mid-Range Values (4 Wire Configurations)
Model
(Nominal Ω)
Initial 1
Tolerance
±ppm
Stability (± ppm) 2Maximum Limits Temperature
Coefficient
± ppm/°C
Voltage 4
Coefficient
± ppm/Vdc
Initial 12
Months 32nd Year3Current (mA)
Voltage
(V)
9334A-0.1 5 2.5 2.5 1000 0.1 0.3 NA
9334A-1 2 2.5 2.5 320 0.32 0.2 NA
9334A-10 2 2.5 2.5 100 1 0.2 NA
9334A-25 2 2.5 2.5 64 1.6 0.2 NA
9334A-100 2 2.5 2.5 32 3.2 0.2 NA
9334A-400 2 2.5 2.5 16 6.3 0.2 NA
9334A-1k 2 2.5 2.5 10 10 0.2 NA
9334A-10k 2 2.0 2.0 3.2 32 0.2 0.01
9334A-100k 3 2.5 2.5 1 100 0.3 0.03
9334A-1M 5 4 4 .32 320 0.3 0.05

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High to Ultra High Values (2 Wire Configurations)
Model
(Nominal Ω)
Initial 1
Tolerance
±ppm
Stability (± ppm) 2Maximum Limits Temperature
Coefficient
± ppm/°C
Voltage 4
Coefficient
± ppm/Vdc
Initial 12
Months 32nd Year3Current (µA)
Voltage
(V)
9334A-10M 15 5 5 100 1000 2.5 0.1
9334A-100M 35 20 10 15 1500 6 0.2
9334A-1G 50 25 10 1.5 1500 6 0.3
9334AH-1G 50 25 10 1.5 1500 6 0.3
9334AW-1G 50 25 10 1.5 1500 6 0.3
9334A-10G 100 100 20 0.15 1500 25 0.5
9334AH-10G 100 100 20 0.15 1500 25 0.5
9334A-100G 350 200 50 0.015 1500 250 1
Note 1: Nominal initial tolerance is defined as the maximum variation of resistance mean values as initially
adjusted at the point of sale.
Note 2: Calibrated in air at 23 °C traceable to the SI unit of electric resistance, calibration uncertainties expanded
and expressed at the 95 % level of confidence. An ISO/IEC 17025 accredited certificate and report of
calibration stating the calibrated value and estimated uncertainty is provided with each resistor..
Note 3: Initial 12 month drift is for first year of ownership only. The initial 12 month drift is higher due to
stabilization of elements. After the initial 12 months, the two year specification is used as the maximum
yearly drift specification.
Note 4: Voltage hysteresis: negligible to < 0.1 ppm. Temperature hysteresis: < 0.3 ppm between 0 °C and 40 °C
Note 5: Special/Custom Values available upon request including 1.9x values.
Note about Voltage and Temperature coefficients.
The Standards used for calibration are capable of much higher voltages that typically found
on common insgruments used with these resistance standards. For example, a 9334A-100M
is calibated by Guildline with the value reported at 100 V. If this 100M was connected to a
Keysight (Aiglent) 3458A, the DMM is only capable of 5 V at 100 M and 1GΩ. This means that
there is a 95 V Voltage coefficient minimum that must be added to the expected results
when comparing results from the two voltages used. Taking 95 x 0.5 ppm/Volt (i.e multiply
by the Voltage Coefficient) you have an additional adder of 47.5 ppm that must be added to
the measurement result.
With a Fluke 8508, special care must be taken as to understanding the type of stimulus being
presented to the Resistor under test. According to Fluke operators manual, in Lo Current
mode, for 200M, the current used is 10 nA. This means that the maximum voltage available
would be 10 nA x 100 M or 0.1 V. In the High Voltage mode, the current is increased to 1µA

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or an available voltage of 100 V. If the user is not aware of these modes, there is a potential
of a 50 ppm error due to selecting the wrong mode of operation on the 8508.
Temperatures greatly affect high to ultra high resistance values. In some cases a single
degree of temperature can affect a high value resistor by as much as 80% of the standards
drift specification. Special care must be given to calibration in a stable temperature
environment. Additionally, care must be given to ensuring that the temperature coefficient
uncertainty is accounted for when the calibration temperature is more than 1°C from the
usage temperature.

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2.2 General Specifications
Environmental
Operating Temperature 18 °C to 28 °C
Operating Humidity 15 % to 70 % RH non-condensing (Values ≤1 MΩ)
15 % to 50 % RH non-condensing (Values ≥10 MΩ)
Storage Temperature -20 °C to 60 °C
Storage Humidity 15 % to 80 % RH non-condensing
Dimensions Models >100 µΩ Models ≤ 100 µΩ
Height 88 mm 3.5“ 97 mm 3.8“
Width 124 mm 4.9” 124 mm 4.9”
Depth 79 mm 3.1” 79 mm 3.1”
Weight .63 kg 1.4 lbs 1.1 kg 2.4 lbs
Shipping Weight 1 kg 2.2 lbs 2 kg 4.4 lbs

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3.0 OVERVIEW
3.1 General
The Guildline Model 9334A series of Resistance Standards are designed as very high stability
calibration laboratory standards for high accuracy resistance calibration in air, between 1 µΩ
and 100 GΩ, without the need for stabilization in a temperature controlled bath (see Figure
1). If necessary, the ambient temperature adjacent to the enclosure may be monitored, and
a correction factor applied to the value of the resistance.
The 9334A Resistance Standards are the worlds most accurate air resistannce standards
available today. During manufacturing, the temperature coefficients are verified by actually
measuring each standard at 3 temperature points (i.e. at 21°C, 23°C, and 25°C) using a
primary level Direct Current Comparator
Bridge and an air or oil bath. This ensures
that the resistance standard meets the
published temperature coefficient
specification over the standards
recommended range. For example at 10 kΩ,
with a wide laboratory environment of 23 °C
with control to ± 3 °C, the worse case effect
due to temperature will be a remarkable 0.2
ppm!
The 9334A Series can be used as working
standards, or highly reliable and rugged
transportable transfer standards. They are
extremely useful for the calibration of the
resistance ranges of multi-function
calibrators and high accuracy digital multimeters, as well as for use in more classical
standards and calibration laboratory applications where the need for high accuracy
resistance values are required.
If linearity verification of a long scale DVM is your challenge, 1.9x cardinal resistance points
are available. If you require any value between 1µΩ and 100 GΩ, Guildline can supply a
precision standard to fulfill your requirement.
Figure 1 - 9334A Series

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Models are also available to verify Temperature Measurement instruments such as Super
Thermometers. Special Standard values such as 0.25 Ω, 25 Ω, 200 Ω and 400 Ω are available
for precision thermometry applications. 9334A Resistance Standards available for Quantum
Hall Effect applications include 6.4532 kΩ and 12.9064 kΩ.
The design of Guildline’s 9334A Series Resistance Standards is based on over 58 years of
innovation, design knowledge, and manufacturing experience in building resistance
standards. Guildline resistance standards are made with multiple elements in parallel or
series rather than using a single element as per competitive products.
This approach lowers the drift that is seen with a single element and reduces the internal
noise generated inside the reference resistor. The result is industry leading annual drift rates.
The design starts with every resistance element going through an exacting process that
ensures quality and long term stability. This process is diagrammed as shown:
The multiple elements are sealed in epoxy for protection against humidity, are bonded to a
thermal block, and are placed into the provided EMI shielded outer case with high quality
terminals attached.
Multiple Elements are Hand-Selected to produce
required Resistance Standard Value
Defined Quantity of Individual Elements are selected For
Individual Drift (Ω) to produce an overall Superior
Average Mean (Average Drift)
Individual Element
Selected & Tested
Inserted into Metal
Can & Oil Filled
Element Characterized
ΔΩ Drift/Time
Figure 2 - Resistance Element Build Up
100 kΩ

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Guildline standards are the best by design and by manufacture. One key advantage of
Guildline Resistance Standards is that each Resistance Value is made up from multiple
resistance elements, not just a single element which is the technique used by most
manufacturers.
The 9334A Series are designed for use with Direct Voltage or Direct Current. For
AC Voltage and AC Current applications see our 7334A Series of AC Resistance
Standards and 7340 / 7350 Series of AC Shunts.
3.2 Series Design Layouts
3.2.1 1 µΩto 100 µΩ Standard Values
The resistor element is securely mounted to the inside of a hermetically sealed aluminum
enclosure. The large C1 and C2 connectors are used for current connections and can handle
currents up to 100 Amperes (refer to Figure 2). The P1 and P2 connections are used to
measure the voltage drop across resistance. The fifth (gold) connector is for chassis ground.
A diagram is provided in figure 2.
It is recommended that the operator use proper current leads and connectors that can
handle the appropriate amount of current being conducted across the resistance standard.
For example, Lead Set 92302 is required when sourcing 100 Amperes of current across the
“C1” and “C2” connectors to avoid conducting thermal energy into the resistance element
through the terminal connection.
Figure 3 - 9334A Series from 1 µΩ to 100 µOhm
Chassis
Ground
P2
P1
C2
C1

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3.2.2 0.001 Ω to 1 MΩ Standard Values
The resistor elements are securely mounted to the inside of a hermetically sealed aluminum
enclosure. For resistances up to 1 MΩ, five binding post connections on the top of the
resistance standard are provided (refer to Figure 2). The C1 and C2 connections are used to
apply the test current or voltage to the resistor. The P1 and P2 connections are used to
measure the voltage drop and thus the resistance. The fifth connection is for chassis ground.
Figure 4 - 9334A Series from 0.001 Ω to 1 MΩ
Chassis
Ground
C2
P2
P1
C1

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3.2.3 10 MΩ to 100 GΩ Standard Values
For resistances greater than 1 MΩ, three binding post connections on the top of the
resistance standard are provided (see Figure 3). The P1 and P2 connections are used to both
apply the test voltage to the resistor and to measure the resistance. The third connection is
for chassis ground. The schematics in Figures 4 and 5 also appear on the top of the
respective enclosures and identify the internal connections of the Model 9334A to the
banana plugs as viewed from the plug side of the enclosure.
3.2.4 “H” and “W” Standard Case Styles
In high resistance measurements, cables can pick up electrical noise. Air movement around
the cables can also significantly impact the
measurement reading stability. By plugging a
resistance standard directly into the front panel of an
instrument, resistance measurement stability is greatly
enhanced and errors associated with cabling are
removed.
The 9334A Line of Standard Resistors now offers a
series of Direct Plug-In Models for calibration and
verification of High End Performance Digital
Multimeters (DMM’s). These include the
Keysight/Agilent/HP 3458A Series, the Fluke 8508
Series, and the Wavetek/Datron 1281/1271 Series of
DMM’s.
Figure 5 - 9334A Series from 1 MΩ to 100 GΩ
Figure 6 - Example “H” Case
Chassis
Ground
P2
P1

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These special 6 terminal 9334A’s are design to fit or “Plug” directly into the DMM’s input
terminals eliminating the need for external leads and the inherent problems of lead noise
pickup.
The “H” Series of 9334A’s incorporate terminal spacing for the Agilent/HP and Fluke series of
DMM’s. Because of its universal design, this Direct Plug In Series will work for either 2
terminal measurements or 4-wire measurements for any of these meters. The layout for the
individual resistors (H and W) are marked on each resistor cases.
The H case style is also available in any value from 1 mΩ to 100 GΩ. Guildline has produced
these values in slightly different terminal spacing to accomodate Artifact Values of 1 Ω and
10 kΩ for Fluke 57XX Series of Calibrators.
Note: The Fluke 8508 is capable of sourcing voltages up to 200 V. Extreme care should be
used when sourcing voltages greater than 40 V.
The 9334A“W” Series have the same specifications as the “H” series. However, due to the
slight differences in the Wavetek/Datron DMM’s input terminal spacing, the “W” Model will
only work with this series of DMM’s. Refer to Figure 6 For “H” case style resistance layout and
Figure 7 shows “W” case style resistance layout.
Figure 7 - “H” Case Layout Figure 8 - “W” Case Layout
LO
LO
HI
HI
LO
I-
HI
I

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3.3 Custom Values
Any custom value is available upon request. For custom values, to determine the uncertainy,
use the closest nominal value listed in the specification table. Actual uncertainties and
measurements will be listed on the ISO/IEC 17025 Calibration Certificate.