H3C s5800 series User manual
H3C S5820X&S5800 Series Ethernet Switches
Layer 3 - IP Routing
Configuration Guide
Hangzhou H3C Technologies Co., Ltd.
http://www.h3c.com
Document Version: 6W103-20100716
Product Version: Release 1110
Copyright © 2009-2010, Hangzhou H3C Technologies Co., Ltd. and its licensors
All Rights Reserved
No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior
written consent of Hangzhou H3C Technologies Co., Ltd.
Trademarks
H3C, , Aolynk, , H3Care,
, TOP G, , IRF, NetPilot, Neocean, NeoVTL,
SecPro, SecPoint, SecEngine, SecPath, Comware, Secware, Storware, NQA, VVG, V2G, VnG, PSPT,
XGbus, N-Bus, TiGem, InnoVision and HUASAN are trademarks of Hangzhou H3C Technologies Co.,
Ltd.
All other trademarks that may be mentioned in this manual are the property of their respective owners.
Notice
The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the
preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and
recommendations in this document do not constitute the warranty of any kind, express or implied.
Preface
The H3C S5800&S5820X documentation set includes 11 configuration guides, which describe the
software features for the S5800&S5820X Series Ethernet Switches and guide you through the software
configuration procedures. These configuration guides also provide configuration examples to help you
apply software features to different network scenarios.
The Layer 3 – IP Routing Configuration Guide describes routing fundamentals and configuration. It
covers the mainstream routing protocols for IPv4 and IPv6 networks, and describes how to use policies
to filter routes and affect routing decisions.
This preface includes:
zAudience
zDocument Organization
zConventions
zAbout the H3C S5800&S5820X Documentation Set
zObtaining Documentation
zDocumentation Feedback
Audience
This documentation set is intended for:
zNetwork planners
zField technical support and servicing engineers
zNetwork administrators working with the S5800 and S5820X series
Document Organization
The Layer 3 – IP Routing Configuration Guide comprises these parts:
IP Routing Basics
Configuration Static Routing
Configuration RIP Configuration OSPF Configuration
IS-IS Configuration BGP Configuration IPv6 Static Routing
Configuration RIPng Configuration
OSPFv3 Configuration IPv6 IS-IS Configuration IPv6 BGP Configuration Route Policy
Configuration
Policy Routing
Configuration MCE Configuration
Conventions
This section describes the conventions used in this documentation set.
Command conventions
Convention Description
Boldface Bold text represents commands and keywords that you enter literally as shown.
Convention Description
italic Italic text represents arguments that you replace with actual values.
[ ] Square brackets enclose syntax choices (keywords or arguments) that are
optional.
{ x | y | ... }
Braces enclose a set of required syntax choices separated by vertical bars,
from which you select one.
[ x | y | ... ]
Square brackets enclose a set of optional syntax choices separated by vertical
bars, from which you select one or none.
{ x | y | ... } *
Asterisk marked braces enclose a set of required syntax choices separated by
vertical bars, from which you select at least one.
[ x | y | ... ] *
Asterisk marked square brackets enclose optional syntax choices separated by
vertical bars, from which you may select multiple choices or none.
&<1-n> The argument or keyword and argument combination before the ampersand (&)
sign can be entered 1 to n times.
# A line that starts with a pound (#) sign is comments.
GUI conventions
Convention Description
Boldface Window names, button names, field names, and menu items are in Boldface.
For example, the New User window appears; click OK.
> Multi-level menus are separated by angle brackets. For example, File > Create
> Folder.
Symbols
Convention Description
Means reader be extremely careful. Improper operation may cause bodily
injury.
Means reader be careful. Improper operation may cause data loss or damage to
equipment.
Means a complementary description.
About the H3C S5800&S5820X Documentation Set
The H3C S5800&S5820X documentation set also includes:
Category Documents Purposes
Marketing brochures Describe product specifications and benefits.
Product description and
specifications Technology white papers Provide an in-depth description of software features
and technologies.
Pluggable module
description PSR150-A [ PSR150-D ]
Power Modules User
Manual
Describes the appearances, features, specifications,
installation, and removal of the pluggable 150W power
modules available for the products.
Category Documents Purposes
PSR300-12A
[ PSR300-12D1 ] Power
Modules User Manual
Describes the appearances, features, specifications,
installation, and removal of the pluggable 300W power
modules available for the products.
PSR750-A [ PSR750-D ]
Power Modules User
Manual
Describes the appearances, features, specifications,
installation, and removal of the pluggable 750W power
modules available for the products.
RPS User Manual Describes the appearances, features, and
specifications of the RPS units available for the
products.
LSW1FAN and
LSW1BFAN Installation
Manual
Describes the appearances, specifications,
installation, and removal of the pluggable fan modules
available for the products.
LSW148POEM Module
User Manual
Describes the appearance, features, installation, and
removal of the pluggable PoE module available for the
products.
S5820X [ S5800 ] Series
Ethernet Switches
Interface Cards User
Manual
Describes the models, hardware specifications,
installation, and removal of the interface cards
available for the products.
H3C OAP Cards User
Manual
Describes the benefits, features, hardware
specifications, installation, and removal of the OAP
cards available for the products.
H3C Low End Series
Ethernet Switches
Pluggable Modules
Manual
Describes the models, appearances, and
specifications of the pluggable modules available for
the products.
S5800-60C-PWR
Ethernet Switch Hot
Swappable Power
Module Ordering Guide
Guides you through ordering the hot-swappable power
modules available for the S5800-60C-PWR switches
in different cases.
Power configuration RPS Ordering
Information for H3C
Low-End Ethernet
Switches
Provides the RPS and switch compatibility matrix and
RPS cable specifications.
zS5800 Series
Ethernet Switches
Quick Start
zS5820X Series
Ethernet Switches
Quick Start
zS5800 Series
Ethernet Switches
CE DOC
zS5820X Series
Ethernet Switches
CE DOC
Provides regulatory information and the safety
instructions that must be followed during installation.
Hardware installation
zS5800 Series
Ethernet Switches
Quick Start
zS5820X Series
Ethernet Switches
Quick Start
Guides you through initial installation and setup
procedures to help you quickly set up and use your
device with the minimum configuration.
Category Documents Purposes
zS5800 Series
Ethernet Switches
Installation Manual
zS5820X Series
Ethernet Switches
Installation Manual
Provides a complete guide to hardware installation
and hardware specifications.
Pluggable
SFP[SFP+][XFP]
Transceiver Modules
Installation Guide
Guides you through installing SFP/SFP+/XFP
transceiver modules.
zS5800-60C-PWR
Switch Video
Installation Guide
zS5820X-28C Switch
Video Installation
Guide
Shows how to install the H3C S5800-60C-PWR and
H3C S5820X-28C Ethernet switches.
Configuration guide Describe software features and configuration
procedures.
Software configuration Command reference Provide a quick reference to all available commands.
H3C Series Ethernet
Switches Login
Password Recovery
Manual
Tells how to find the lost password or recover the
password when the login password is lost.
Operations and
maintenance
Release notes
Provide information about the product release,
including the version history, hardware and software
compatibility matrix, version upgrade information,
technical support information, and software upgrading.
Obtaining Documentation
You can access the most up-to-date H3C product documentation on the World Wide Web at
http://www.h3c.com.
Click the links on the top navigation bar to obtain different categories of product documentation:
[Technical Support & Documents > Technical Documents] – Provides hardware installation, software
upgrading, and software feature configuration and maintenance documentation.
[Products & Solutions] – Provides information about products and technologies, as well as solutions.
[Technical Support & Documents > Software Download] – Provides the documentation released with
the software version.
Documentation Feedback
We appreciate your comments.
i
Table of Contents
1 IP Routing Basics Configuration ·············································································································1-1
Routing····················································································································································1-1
Routing Table and FIB Table ··········································································································1-1
Routing Protocol Overview ·····················································································································1-3
Static Routing and Dynamic Routing·······························································································1-3
Classification of Dynamic Routing Protocols···················································································1-3
Routing Protocols and Routing Priority ···························································································1-4
Load Balancing and Route Backup·································································································1-5
Route Recursion······························································································································1-6
Sharing of Routing Information········································································································1-6
Configuring a Router ID ··························································································································1-6
Displaying and Maintaining a Routing Table ··························································································1-7
2 Static Routing Configuration····················································································································2-1
Introduction ·············································································································································2-1
Static Route·····································································································································2-1
Default Route···································································································································2-1
Static Route Configuration Items·····································································································2-1
Configuring a Static Route······················································································································2-2
Configuration Prerequisites·············································································································2-2
Configuration Procedure··················································································································2-2
Configuring BFD for Static Routes··········································································································2-3
BFD Control Packet Mode···············································································································2-4
BFD Echo Packet Mode··················································································································2-4
Configuring Static Route FRR·················································································································2-5
Displaying and Maintaining Static Routes·······························································································2-6
Static Route Configuration Example·······································································································2-7
Basic Static Route Configuration Example······················································································2-7
Static Route BFD Configuration Example·······················································································2-9
Static Route FRR Configuration Example·····················································································2-11
3 RIP Configuration······································································································································3-1
RIP Overview··········································································································································3-1
Operation of RIP······························································································································3-1
Operation of RIP······························································································································3-2
RIP Version ·····································································································································3-3
RIP Message Format·······················································································································3-3
Supported RIP Features··················································································································3-5
Protocols and Standards·················································································································3-5
RIP Configuration Task List ····················································································································3-6
Configuring RIP Basic Functions············································································································3-7
Configuration Prerequisites·············································································································3-7
ii
Configuration Procedure··················································································································3-7
Configuring RIP Route Control ···············································································································3-9
Configuring an Additional Routing Metric······················································································3-10
Configuring RIPv2 Route Summarization······················································································3-10
Disabling Host Route Reception ···································································································3-11
Advertising a Default Route···········································································································3-12
Configuring Inbound/Outbound Route Filtering·············································································3-13
Configuring a Preference for RIP··································································································3-14
Configuring RIP Route Redistribution ···························································································3-14
Configuring RIP Network Optimization ·································································································3-15
Configuring RIP Timers·················································································································3-15
Configuring Split Horizon and Poison Reverse·············································································3-15
Configuring the Maximum Number of Load Balanced Routes······················································3-16
Enabling Zero Field Check on Incoming RIPv1 Messages···························································3-16
Enabling Source IP Address Check on Incoming RIP Updates····················································3-17
Configuring RIPv2 Message Authentication··················································································3-17
Specifying a RIP Neighbor ············································································································3-18
Configuring RIP-to-MIB Binding····································································································3-19
Configuring the RIP Packet Sending Rate····················································································3-19
Configuring RIP FRR ····························································································································3-19
Configuring BFD for RIP ·······················································································································3-20
Single-Hop Detection in BFD Echo Packet Mode·········································································3-21
Bidirectional Detection in BFD Control Packet Mode····································································3-21
Displaying and Maintaining RIP············································································································3-22
RIP Configuration Examples·················································································································3-22
Configuring RIP Version················································································································3-22
Configuring RIP Route Redistribution ···························································································3-24
Configuring an Additional Metric for a RIP Interface·····································································3-26
Configuring RIP to Advertise a Summary Route···········································································3-28
RIP FRR Configuration Example···································································································3-30
Configuring BFD for RIP (Single-Hop Detection in BFD Echo Packet Mode)·······························3-31
Configuring BFD for RIP (Bidirectional Detection in BFD Control Packet Mode)·························3-34
Troubleshooting RIP ·····························································································································3-38
No RIP Updates Received ············································································································3-38
Route Oscillation Occurred ···········································································································3-38
4 OSPF Configuration ··································································································································4-1
Introduction to OSPF·······························································································································4-1
Basic Concepts································································································································4-2
OSPF Area Partition························································································································4-3
Router Types···································································································································4-7
Classification of OSPF Networks ····································································································4-8
DR and BDR····································································································································4-9
OSPF Packet Formats···················································································································4-10
Supported OSPF Features············································································································4-18
Protocols and Standards···············································································································4-19
iii
OSPF Configuration Task List ··············································································································4-19
Enabling OSPF ·····································································································································4-21
Prerequisites··································································································································4-21
Configuration Procedure················································································································4-21
Configuring OSPF Areas ······················································································································4-22
Prerequisites··································································································································4-23
Configuring a Stub Area················································································································4-23
Configuring an NSSA Area············································································································4-24
Configuring a Virtual Link ··············································································································4-24
Configuring OSPF Network Types········································································································4-25
Prerequisites··································································································································4-25
Configuring the OSPF Network Type for an Interface as Broadcast ············································4-26
Configuring the OSPF Network Type for an Interface as NBMA··················································4-26
Configuring the OSPF Network Type for an Interface as P2MP···················································4-27
Configuring the OSPF Network Type for an Interface as P2P······················································4-28
Configuring OSPF Route Control··········································································································4-28
Prerequisites··································································································································4-28
Configuring OSPF Route Summarization······················································································4-28
Configuring OSPF Inbound Route Filtering···················································································4-30
Configuring ABR Type-3 LSA Filtering··························································································4-31
Configuring an OSPF Cost for an Interface···················································································4-31
Configuring the Maximum Number of OSPF Routes····································································4-32
Configuring the Maximum Number of Load-balanced Routes······················································4-32
Configuring a Preference for OSPF ······························································································4-33
Configuring OSPF Route Redistribution························································································4-33
Advertising a Host Route···············································································································4-35
Configuring OSPF Network Optimization······························································································4-35
Prerequisites··································································································································4-35
Configuring OSPF Packet Timers·································································································4-36
Specifying an LSA Transmission Delay ························································································4-37
Specifying SPF Calculation Interval······························································································4-37
Specifying the LSA Minimum Repeat Arrival Interval····································································4-38
Specifying the LSA Generation Interval ························································································4-38
Disabling Interfaces from Sending OSPF Packets········································································4-39
Configuring Stub Routers··············································································································4-40
Configuring OSPF Authentication ·································································································4-40
Adding the Interface MTU into DD Packets···················································································4-41
Configuring the Maximum Number of External LSAs in LSDB ·····················································4-41
Making External Route Selection Rules Defined in RFC 1583 Compatible··································4-42
Logging Neighbor State Changes·································································································4-42
Configuring OSPF Network Management·····················································································4-43
Enabling Message Logging···········································································································4-43
Enabling the Advertisement and Reception of Opaque LSAs ······················································4-44
Configuring OSPF to Give Priority to Receiving and Processing Hello Packets···························4-44
Configuring the LSU Transmit Rate ······························································································4-44
Configuring OSPF FRR ························································································································4-45
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Configuring OSPF Graceful Restart······································································································4-46
Configuring the OSPF GR Restarter·····························································································4-47
Configuring the OSPF GR Helper·································································································4-48
Triggering OSPF Graceful Restart································································································4-49
Configuring BFD for OSPF ···················································································································4-49
Configuring Control Packet Bidirectional Detection ······································································4-49
Configuring Echo Packet Single-Hop Detection············································································4-50
Displaying and Maintaining OSPF········································································································4-51
OSPF Configuration Examples·············································································································4-52
Configuring OSPF Basic Functions·······························································································4-52
Configuring OSPF Route Redistribution························································································4-55
Configuring OSPF to Advertise a Summary Route·······································································4-56
Configuring an OSPF Stub Area···································································································4-59
Configuring an OSPF NSSA Area·································································································4-62
Configuring OSPF DR Election·····································································································4-64
Configuring OSPF Virtual Links·····································································································4-68
Configuring OSPF Graceful Restart······························································································4-70
Configuring Route Filtering············································································································4-72
Configuring OSPF FRR·················································································································4-74
Configuring BFD for OSPF············································································································4-76
Troubleshooting OSPF Configuration···································································································4-79
No OSPF Neighbor Relationship Established···············································································4-79
Incorrect Routing Information········································································································4-80
5 IS-IS Configuration····································································································································5-1
IS-IS Overview········································································································································5-1
Basic Concepts································································································································5-2
IS-IS Area········································································································································5-3
IS-IS Network Type ·························································································································5-6
IS-IS PDU Format····························································································································5-7
Supported IS-IS Features··············································································································5-13
Protocols and Standards···············································································································5-16
IS-IS Configuration Task List ················································································································5-16
Configuring IS-IS Basic Functions········································································································5-17
Configuration Prerequisites···········································································································5-17
Enabling IS-IS································································································································5-18
Configuring the IS Level and Circuit Level····················································································5-18
Configuring the Network Type of an Interface as P2P··································································5-19
Configuring IS-IS Routing Information Control ·····················································································5-19
Configuration Prerequisites···········································································································5-19
Configuring IS-IS Link Cost···········································································································5-20
Specifying a Preference for IS-IS··································································································5-21
Configuring the Maximum Number of Equal Cost Routes ····························································5-22
Configuring IS-IS Route Summarization ·······················································································5-22
Advertising a Default Route···········································································································5-23
Configuring IS-IS Route Redistribution ·························································································5-23
v
Configuring IS-IS Route Filtering···································································································5-24
Configuring IS-IS Route Leaking···································································································5-25
Tuning and Optimizing IS-IS Networks·································································································5-25
Configuration Prerequisites···········································································································5-25
Specifying Intervals for Sending IS-IS Hello and CSNP Packets ·················································5-26
Specifying the IS-IS Hello Multiplier······························································································5-26
Configuring a DIS Priority for an Interface·····················································································5-27
Disabling an Interface from Sending/Receiving IS-IS Packets·····················································5-27
Enabling an Interface to Send Small Hello Packets······································································5-28
Configuring LSP Parameters·········································································································5-28
Configuring SPF Parameters ········································································································5-32
Setting the LSDB Overload Bit······································································································5-32
Configuring IS-IS Authentication···········································································································5-33
Configuration Prerequisites···········································································································5-33
Configuring Neighbor Relationship Authentication········································································5-33
Configuring Area Authentication····································································································5-34
Configuring Routing Domain Authentication ·················································································5-34
Configuring System ID to Host Name Mappings ··················································································5-35
Configuring a Static System ID to Host Name Mapping ·······························································5-35
Configuring Dynamic System ID to Host Name Mapping ·····························································5-35
Configuring IS-IS GR ····························································································································5-36
Configuring IS-IS FRR ··························································································································5-37
Enabling the Logging of Neighbor State Changes················································································5-38
Enabling IS-IS SNMP Trap ···················································································································5-39
Binding an IS-IS Process with MIBs ·····································································································5-39
Configuring BFD for IS-IS·····················································································································5-39
Displaying and Maintaining IS-IS··········································································································5-40
IS-IS Configuration Example·················································································································5-41
IS-IS Basic Configuration ··············································································································5-41
DIS Election Configuration ············································································································5-45
Configuring IS-IS Route Redistribution ·························································································5-49
IS-IS Graceful Restart Configuration Example··············································································5-53
IS-IS FRR Configuration Example·································································································5-54
IS-IS Authentication Configuration Example·················································································5-56
Configuring BFD for IS-IS··············································································································5-59
6 BGP Configuration ····································································································································6-1
BGP Overview·········································································································································6-1
Formats of BGP Messages ·············································································································6-2
BGP Path Attributes ························································································································6-5
BGP Route Selection·······················································································································6-9
iBGP and IGP Synchronization·····································································································6-11
Settlements for Problems in Large Scale BGP Networks·····························································6-11
BGP GR·········································································································································6-15
MP-BGP ········································································································································6-15
Protocols and Standards···············································································································6-16
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BGP Configuration Task List·················································································································6-17
Configuring BGP Basic Functions·········································································································6-18
Prerequisites··································································································································6-18
Creating a BGP Connection··········································································································6-18
Specifying the Source Interface for TCP Connections··································································6-19
Allowing Establishment of eBGP Connection to a Non Directly Connected Peer/Peer Group·····6-20
Controlling Route Generation ···············································································································6-21
Prerequisites··································································································································6-21
Injecting a Local Network ··············································································································6-21
Configuring BGP Route Redistribution··························································································6-21
Enabling Default Route Redistribution into BGP···········································································6-22
Controlling Route Distribution and Reception·······················································································6-22
Prerequisites··································································································································6-22
Configuring BGP Route Summarization························································································6-23
Advertising a Default Route to a Peer or Peer Group···································································6-23
Configuring BGP Route Distribution/Reception Filtering Policies·················································6-24
Enabling BGP and IGP Route Synchronization············································································6-25
Limiting Prefixes Received from a Peer/Peer Group ····································································6-26
Configuring BGP Route Dampening ·····························································································6-27
Configuring a Shortcut Route········································································································6-27
Configuring BGP Route Attributes········································································································6-27
Prerequisites··································································································································6-27
Specifying a Preferred Value for Routes Received·······································································6-27
Configuring Preferences for BGP Routes ·····················································································6-28
Configure the Default Local Preference························································································6-28
Configuring the MED Attribute·······································································································6-29
Configuring the Next Hop Attribute································································································6-31
Configuring the AS-PATH Attribute·······························································································6-32
Tuning and Optimizing BGP Networks ·································································································6-34
Prerequisites··································································································································6-34
Configuring BGP Keepalive Interval and Holdtime ·······································································6-34
Configuring the Interval for Sending the Same Update·································································6-35
Configuring BGP Soft-Reset ·········································································································6-36
Enabling the BGP ORF Capability ································································································6-37
Enabling Quick eBGP Session Reestablishment··········································································6-38
Enabling MD5 Authentication for TCP Connections ·····································································6-38
Configuring BGP Load Balancing··································································································6-39
Forbiding Session Establishment with a Peer or Peer Group·······················································6-39
Configuring a Large Scale BGP Network······························································································6-39
Configuration Prerequisites···········································································································6-40
Configuring BGP Peer Groups······································································································6-40
Configuring BGP Community········································································································6-42
Configuring a BGP Route Reflector ······························································································6-43
Configuring a BGP Confederation·································································································6-44
Configuring BGP GR·····························································································································6-45
Enabling Trap········································································································································6-46
vii
Enabling Logging of Peer State Changes·····························································································6-46
Configuring BFD for BGP······················································································································6-46
Displaying and Maintaining BGP ··········································································································6-47
Displaying BGP ·····························································································································6-47
Resetting BGP Connections··········································································································6-48
Clearing BGP Information ·············································································································6-49
BGP Configuration Examples···············································································································6-49
BGP Basic Configuration···············································································································6-49
BGP and IGP Synchronization Configuration ···············································································6-52
BGP Load Balancing Configuration·······························································································6-55
BGP Community Configuration·····································································································6-57
BGP Route Reflector Configuration ······························································································6-59
BGP Confederation Configuration·································································································6-61
BGP Path Selection Configuration································································································6-65
Configuring BFD for BGP··············································································································6-68
BGP GR Configuration··················································································································6-72
Troubleshooting BGP····························································································································6-73
No BGP Peer Relationship Established························································································6-73
7 IPv6 Static Routing Configuration···········································································································7-1
Introduction to IPv6 Static Routing··········································································································7-1
Features of IPv6 Static Routes········································································································7-1
Default IPv6 Route ··························································································································7-1
Configuring IPv6 Static Routes···············································································································7-1
Configuration prerequisites ·············································································································7-1
Configuration procedure··················································································································7-2
Displaying and Maintaining IPv6 Static Routes······················································································7-2
IPv6 Static Routing Configuration Example····························································································7-3
8 RIPng Configuration··································································································································8-1
Introduction to RIPng ······························································································································8-1
RIPng Working Mechanism·············································································································8-1
RIPng Packet Format······················································································································8-2
RIPng Packet Processing Procedure······························································································8-3
Protocols and Standards·················································································································8-3
Configuring RIPng Basic Functions········································································································8-3
Configuration Prerequisites·············································································································8-4
Configuration Procedure··················································································································8-4
Configuring RIPng Route Control ···········································································································8-4
Configuring an Additional Routing Metric························································································8-5
Configuring RIPng Route Summarization ·······················································································8-5
Advertising a Default Route·············································································································8-5
Configuring a RIPng Route Filtering Policy·····················································································8-6
Configuring a Preference for RIPng································································································8-6
Configuring RIPng Route Redistribution ·························································································8-7
Tuning and Optimizing the RIPng Network·····························································································8-7
Configuring RIPng Timers···············································································································8-7
viii
Configuring Split Horizon and Poison Reverse···············································································8-8
Configuring Zero Field Check on RIPng Packets············································································8-9
Configuring the Maximum Number of Equal Cost Routes for Load Balancing·······························8-9
Displaying and Maintaining RIPng········································································································8-10
RIPng Configuration Example···············································································································8-10
Configure RIPng Basic Functions ·································································································8-10
Configuring RIPng Route Redistribution ·······················································································8-13
9 OSPFv3 Configuration ······························································································································9-1
Introduction to OSPFv3···························································································································9-1
OSPFv3 Overview···························································································································9-1
OSPFv3 Packets·····························································································································9-2
OSPFv3 LSA Types ························································································································9-2
Timers of OSPFv3···························································································································9-3
OSPFv3 Features Supported··········································································································9-3
Protocols and Standards·················································································································9-4
IPv6 OSPFv3 Configuration Task List ····································································································9-4
Enabling OSPFv3····································································································································9-5
Prerequisites····································································································································9-5
Enabling OSPFv3····························································································································9-5
Configuring OSPFv3 Area Parameters···································································································9-5
Prerequisites····································································································································9-6
Configuring an OSPFv3 Stub Area ·································································································9-6
Configuring an OSPFv3 Virtual Link································································································9-6
Configuring OSPFv3 Network Types······································································································9-7
Prerequisites····································································································································9-7
Configuring the OSPFv3 Network Type for an Interface·································································9-7
Configuring an NBMA or P2MP Neighbor·······················································································9-8
Configuring OSPFv3 Routing Information Control··················································································9-8
Prerequisites····································································································································9-8
Configuring OSPFv3 Route Summarization····················································································9-8
Configuring OSPFv3 Inbound Route Filtering·················································································9-9
Configuring an OSPFv3 Cost for an Interface·················································································9-9
Configuring the Maximum Number of OSPFv3 Load-balanced Routes ·······································9-10
Configuring a Preference for OSPFv3···························································································9-11
Configuring OSPFv3 Route Redistribution····················································································9-11
Tuning and Optimizing OSPFv3 Networks ···························································································9-12
Prerequisites··································································································································9-12
Configuring OSPFv3 Timers ·········································································································9-12
Configuring a DR Priority for an Interface ·····················································································9-13
Ignoring MTU Check for DD Packets····························································································9-14
Disable Interfaces from Sending OSPFv3 Packets·······································································9-14
Enable the Logging of Neighbor State Changes···········································································9-15
Configuring OSPFv3 GR·······················································································································9-15
Configuring GR Restarter··············································································································9-15
Configuring GR Helper··················································································································9-16
ix
Displaying and Maintaining OSPFv3 ····································································································9-16
OSPFv3 Configuration Examples·········································································································9-17
Configuring OSPFv3 Areas···········································································································9-17
Configuring OSPFv3 DR Election ·································································································9-21
Configuring OSPFv3 Route Redistribution····················································································9-24
Configuring OSPFv3 GR···············································································································9-26
Troubleshooting OSPFv3 Configuration·······························································································9-28
No OSPFv3 Neighbor Relationship Established···········································································9-28
Incorrect Routing Information········································································································9-28
10 IPv6 IS-IS Configuration························································································································10-1
Introduction to IPv6 IS-IS······················································································································10-1
Configuring IPv6 IS-IS Basic Functions································································································10-2
Configuration Prerequisites···········································································································10-2
Configuration Procedure················································································································10-2
Configuring IPv6 IS-IS Routing Information Control·············································································10-2
Configuration Prerequisites···········································································································10-2
Configuration Procedure················································································································10-3
Displaying and Maintaining IPv6 IS-IS··································································································10-4
IPv6 IS-IS Configuration Example ········································································································10-5
11 IPv6 BGP Configuration························································································································11-1
IPv6 BGP Overview ······························································································································11-1
Configuration Task List ·························································································································11-2
Configuring IPv6 BGP Basic Functions ································································································11-3
Prerequisites··································································································································11-3
Specifying an IPv6 BGP Peer ·······································································································11-3
Injecting a Local IPv6 Route··········································································································11-4
Configuring a Preferred Value for Routes from a Peer/Peer Group ·············································11-4
Specifying the Source Interface for Establishing TCP Connections ·············································11-5
Allowing the Establishment of a Non-Direct eBGP connection·····················································11-5
Configuring a Description for an IPv6 Peer/Peer Group·······························································11-6
Disabling Session Establishment to an IPv6 Peer/Peer Group ····················································11-6
Logging IPv6 Peer/Peer Group State Changes············································································11-6
Controlling Route Distribution and Reception·······················································································11-7
Prerequisites··································································································································11-7
Configuring IPv6 BGP Route Redistribution ·················································································11-7
Configuring IPv6 BGP Route Summarization ···············································································11-8
Advertising a Default Route to an IPv6 Peer/Peer Group·····························································11-8
Configuring Outbound Route Filtering···························································································11-9
Configuring Inbound Route Filtering····························································································11-10
Configuring IPv6 BGP and IGP Route Synchronization······························································11-11
Configuring Route Dampening····································································································11-11
Configuring IPv6 BGP Route Attributes······························································································11-12
Prerequisites································································································································11-12
Configuring IPv6 BGP Preference and Default LOCAL_PREF and NEXT_HOP Attributes·······11-12
Configuring the MED Attribute·····································································································11-13
x
Configuring the AS_PATH Attribute····························································································11-13
Tuning and Optimizing IPv6 BGP Networks·······················································································11-14
Prerequisites································································································································11-15
Configuring IPv6 BGP Timers·····································································································11-15
Configuring IPv6 BGP Soft Reset ·······························································································11-15
Enabling the IPv6 BGP ORF Capability······················································································11-16
Configuring the Maximum Number of Load-Balanced Routes····················································11-17
Configuring a Large Scale IPv6 BGP Network ···················································································11-18
Prerequisites································································································································11-18
Configuring IPv6 BGP Peer Group······························································································11-18
Configuring IPv6 BGP Community······························································································11-20
Configuring an IPv6 BGP Route Reflector··················································································11-21
Displaying and Maintaining IPv6 BGP································································································11-22
Displaying BGP ···························································································································11-22
Resetting IPv6 BGP Connections ·······························································································11-23
Clearing IPv6 BGP Information···································································································11-23
IPv6 BGP Configuration Examples·····································································································11-24
IPv6 BGP Basic Configuration ····································································································11-24
IPv6 BGP Route Reflector Configuration····················································································11-26
Troubleshooting IPv6 BGP Configuration···························································································11-27
No IPv6 BGP Peer Relationship Established··············································································11-27
12 Route Policy Configuration ··················································································································12-1
Introduction to Route Policy··················································································································12-1
Introduction to Route Policy··················································································································12-1
Route Policy Application················································································································12-1
Route Policy Implementation·········································································································12-1
Filters·············································································································································12-2
Route Policy Application················································································································12-3
Route Policy Configuration Task List····································································································12-3
Defining Filters······································································································································12-3
Prerequisites··································································································································12-3
Defining an IP-prefix List ···············································································································12-3
Defining an AS Path List ···············································································································12-5
Defining a Community List ············································································································12-5
Defining an Extended Community List··························································································12-6
Configuring a Route Policy ···················································································································12-6
Prerequisites··································································································································12-6
Creating a Route Policy·················································································································12-6
Defining if-match Clauses··············································································································12-7
Defining apply Clauses··················································································································12-9
Displaying and Maintaining the Route Policy······················································································12-11
Route Policy Configuration Examples·································································································12-11
Applying a Route Policy to IPv4 Route Redistribution ································································12-11
Applying a Route Policy to IPv6 Route Redistribution ································································12-14
Applying a Route Policy to Filter Received BGP Routes····························································12-16
xi
Troubleshooting Route Policy Configuration ······················································································12-18
IPv4 Routing Information Filtering Failure···················································································12-18
IPv6 Routing Information Filtering Failure···················································································12-18
13 Policy Routing Configuration···············································································································13-1
Policy Routing Overview·······················································································································13-1
Configuring Policy Routing····················································································································13-1
Configuring a QoS Policy ··············································································································13-1
Applying the QoS Policy················································································································13-2
Displaying and Maintaining QoS Policies ·····························································································13-3
Policy Routing Configuration Examples································································································13-4
IPv4 Policy Routing Configuration Example··················································································13-4
IPv6 Policy Routing Configuration Example··················································································13-5
14 MCE Configuration································································································································14-1
MCE Overview······································································································································14-1
Introduction to MPLS L3VPN ········································································································14-1
MPLS L3VPN Concepts················································································································14-2
Multi-VPN-Instance CE··················································································································14-4
How MCE works····························································································································14-5
Using MCE in Tunneling Applications···························································································14-5
Routing Information Exchange for MCE ·······························································································14-6
Route Exchange between an MCE and the Private Network························································14-6
Route Exchange between MCE and PE ·······················································································14-9
Configuring Multi-VPN-Instance CE······································································································14-9
Configuring VPN Instances ···········································································································14-9
Configuring Route Exchange for MCE························································································14-12
Displaying and Maintaining MCE········································································································14-21
Resetting BGP Connections········································································································14-21
Displaying and Maintaining MCE ································································································14-22
MCE Configuration Examples·············································································································14-24
Using OSPF to Redistribute VPN Routes Between an MCE and PE·········································14-24
Using BGP to Redistribute VPN Routes Between an MCE and PE ···········································14-28
Using MCE to Advertise VPN Routes Through Tunnels·····························································14-32
15 Index ·······················································································································································15-1
1-1
1 IP Routing Basics Configuration
This chapter includes these sections:
zRouting
zRouting Protocol Overview
zConfiguring a Router ID
zDisplaying and Maintaining a Routing Table
The term router in this document refers to both routers and Layer 3 switches.
Routing
Routing in the Internet is achieved through routers. Upon receiving a packet, a router finds an optimal
route based on the destination address and forwards the packet to the next router in the path until the
packet reaches the last router, which forwards the packet to the intended destination host.
Routing provides the path information that guides the forwarding of packets.
Routing Table and FIB Table
Routing tables play a key role in route selection and forwarding information bases (FIBs) play a key
role in packet forwarding. Each router maintains a routing table and a FIB table at least.
Routes in a routing table can be divided into three categories by origin:
zDirect routes: Routes discovered by data link protocols, also known as interface routes.
zStatic routes: Routes that are manually configured.
zDynamic routes: Routes that are discovered dynamically by routing protocols.
Each entry in the FIB table specifies which physical interface a packet destined for a certain
destination should go out to reach the next hop (the next router) or the directly connected destination.
Introduction to routing table
Each router maintains a local routing table. Each routing protocol also maintains a protocol routing
table.
zRouting table of a protocol
A protocol routing table stores routes discovered by the routing protocol.
A routing protocol can redistribute and advertise routes generated by other protocols. For example,
OSPF can redistribute direct routes, static routes, and IS-IS routes to the OSPF routing domain.
zLocal routing table
1-2
A local routing table stores the routes found by all protocols and determines the optimal routes that the
router will deliver to the FIB table to guide packet forwarding. The selection of an optimal route is
based on the preferences of routing protocols and metrics of routes.
Contents of a routing table
A routing table includes the following key items:
zDestination address: Destination IP address or destination network.
zNetwork mask: Specifies, in company with the destination address, the address of the destination
network. A logical AND operation between the destination address and the network mask yields
the address of the destination network. For example, if the destination address is 129.102.8.10
and the mask 255.255.0.0, the address of the destination network is 129.102.0.0. A network mask
is made of a certain number of consecutive 1s. It can be expressed in dotted decimal format or by
the number of the 1s.
zOutbound interface: Specifies the interface through which the IP packets are to be forwarded.
zIP address of the next hop: Specifies the address of the next router on the path. If only the
outbound interface is configured, its address will be the IP address of the next hop.
zPriority for the route. Routes to the same destination but having different nexthops may have
different priorities and be found by various routing protocols or manually configured. The optimal
route is the one with the highest priority (with the smallest metric).
Routes can be divided into two categories by destination:
zSubnet routes: The destination is a subnet.
zHost routes: The destination is a host.
Based on whether the destination is directly connected to a given router, routes can be divided into:
zDirect routes: The destination is directly connected to the router.
zIndirect routes: The destination is not directly connected to the router.
To prevent the routing table from getting too large, you can configure a default route. All packets
without matching any entry in the routing table will be forwarded through the default route.
In Figure 1-1, the IP address on each cloud represents the address of the network. Router G is
connected to three networks and therefore has three IP addresses for its three physical interfaces. Its
routing table is shown under the network topology.
1-3
Figure 1-1 A sample routing table
Router A
Router B
Router H
Router E
16.0.0.2
17.0.0.3
15.0.0.0 12.0.0.0
17.0.0.0
11.0.0.016.0.0.0
13.0.0.0
14.0.0.0
Router C
Router D
Router F
Router G
11.0.0.1
12.0.0.1
12.0.0.2
15.0.0.1
15.0.0.2
17.0.0.1
16.0.0.1
13.0.0.1
13.0.0.2
14.0.0.1
14.0.0.2
14.0.0.3
14.0.0.4
17.0.0.2
11.0.0.2
13.0.0.3
Destination Network Nexthop Interface
11.0.0.0 11.0.0.1 2
12.0.0.0 12.0.0.1 1
13.0.0.0 12.0.0.2 1
14.0.0.0 14.0.0.4 3
15.0.0.0 14.0.0.2 3
16.0.0.0 14.0.0.2 3
17.0.0.0 11.0.0.2 2
Routing Protocol Overview
Static Routing and Dynamic Routing
Static routing is easy to configure and requires less system resources. It works well in small, stable
networks with simple topologies. Its major drawback is that you must perform routing configuration
again whenever the network topology changes; it cannot adjust to network changes by itself.
Dynamic routing is based on dynamic routing protocols, which can detect network topology changes
and recalculate the routes accordingly. Therefore, dynamic routing is suitable for large networks. Its
disadvantages are that it is difficult to configure, and that it not only imposes higher requirements on
the system, but also consumes a certain amount of network resources.
Classification of Dynamic Routing Protocols
Dynamic routing protocols can be classified based on the following standards:
Operational scope
zInterior gateway protocols (IGPs): Work within an autonomous system, including RIP, OSPF, and
IS-IS.
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