Hach BODTrak User manual

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26197-18
BODTrak™
INSTRUMENT MANUAL
© Hach Company, 1995 - 1998. All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A. ar/lr 12-8-95 1ed
Rev. 5, 7/98
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CERTIFICATION
Hach Company certifies this instrument was tested thoroughly,
inspected and found to meet its published specifications when it
was shipped from the factory.
The Model BODTrak has been tested and is certified as indicated
to the following instrumentation standards:
FCC Part 15, Sub-Part B, Class A Limits: Supporting
test records by Intellistor, certified compliance by Hach
Company
Canadian Interference-Causing Equipment
Regulation, ICES-003, Class A: Supporting test records
by Intellistor, certified compliance by Hach Company
EN 55011/CISPR 11(EMI) “B” Limits per 89/336/EEC
EMC: Supporting test records by Intellistor, certified
compliance by Hach Company
EN 50082-1 (Immunity) per 89/336/EEC EMC:
Supporting test records by Hach Company, certified
compliance by Hach Company. Standards include:
IEC 801-2 and EN 61000-4-2 (ESD)
IEC 801-3 and EN V50140 (RF & EM Field)
IEC 801-4 and EN 61000-4-4 (Fast Transient)
EN 61000-4-5 (Surge)
RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE
“This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class A Limits for
radio noise emissions from digital apparatus set out in the Radio
Interference Regulations of the Canadian Department of
Communications.”
“Le présent appareil numérique n'émet pas de bruits
radioélectriques dépassant les limites applicables aux appareils
numériques de la class A prescrites dans le Règlement sur le
brouillage radioeléctrique édicté par le ministère des
Communications du Canada.”
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This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is
subject to the following two conditions:
(1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this
device must accept any interference received, including
interference that may cause undesired operation.
WARNING
Changes or modifications to this unit not expressly approved by
the party responsible for compliance could void the user's
authority to operate the equipment.
Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the
limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules.
These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against
harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial
environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio
frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the
instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio
communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is
likely to cause harmful interference, in which case the user will be
required to correct the interference at his own expense. Shielded cables
must be used with this unit to ensure compliance with the Class A FCC
limits. Because this instrument operates on and generates radio
frequency energy, interference to radio and television reception may
occur. If such interference does occur, the operator should take the
necessary steps to correct the interference. The following techniques of
reducing the interference problems are easily applied.
•Disconnect power from the BODTrak instrument to verify the
instrument is the source of the interference.
•If the BODTrak is plugged into the same outlet as the device
with which it is interfering, try another outlet.
•Move the BODTrak away from the device receiving the
interference.
•Reposition the receiving antenna for the device receiving the
interference.
•Try combinations of the above.
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CERTIFICATION ....................................................................iii
SPECIFICATIONS .................................................................vii
SAFETY ....................................................................................ix
OPERATION .............................................................................1
SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION................................................3
1.1 Before Operating the BODTrak Instrument...................3
1.2 Unpacking the BODTrak Instrument .............................3
1.3 Applying Power..............................................................4
1.4 The BOD Test ................................................................4
SECTION 2 INSTRUMENT OPERATION............................7
2.1 Principles of Operation...................................................7
2.1.1 Oxygen Transfer to Sample ...................................7
2.1.2 Pressure Sensor Function.......................................7
2.1.3 Removing Carbon Dioxide ....................................7
2.2 Key Functions.................................................................8
2.3 Setting the Clock..........................................................10
2.4 RS232 Interface............................................................11
2.4.1 Hardware Configuration.......................................11
2.4.2 Commands............................................................12
2.4.3 Downloading and Printing Test Results...............16
SECTION 3 THE BOD TEST ................................................19
3.1 BODTrak Test Procedure.............................................19
3.2 Interpreting Test Results ..............................................26
3.2.1 Bottle Leak...........................................................26
3.2.2 Time Lag..............................................................27
3.2.3 High Oxygen Demand..........................................27
3.2.4 Nitrification..........................................................27
3.3 Accuracy Check ...........................................................28
SECTION 4 SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS .......................31
4.1 Range and Volume Selection.......................................31
4.2 Sample Dilutions..........................................................31
4.2.1 When Oxygen Demand Exceeds 700 mg/L.........31
4.2.2 Preparing Several Identical Samples....................32
4.3 Sample Seeding............................................................32
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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4.3.1 Determining BOD of Seed...................................32
4.3.2 Determining BOD of Sample...............................33
4.3.3 Variations in Initial Bacterial Populations...........33
4.4 Sample Temperature.....................................................34
4.4.1 Other BOD Test Temperatures ............................34
4.5 Industrial Wastes..........................................................34
4.5.1 Chlorine................................................................34
4.5.2 Other Toxic Materials..........................................35
4.5.3 Seed Acclimatization ...........................................35
4.6 pH Effect ......................................................................36
4.7 Supersaturation.............................................................36
SECTION 5 MAINTENANCE...............................................37
5.1 Cleaning the BODTrak Instrument ..............................37
5.1.1 Sample Bottles .....................................................37
5.1.2 Stir Bars and Seal Cups........................................37
SECTION 6 TROUBLESHOOTING.....................................39
6.1 Adjusting the Calibration .............................................39
GENERAL INFORMATION................................................. 41
PARTS & ACCESSORIES .......................................................43
HOW TO ORDER ....................................................................45
REPAIR SERVICE ...................................................................47
WARRANTY ............................................................................48
INDEX ......................................................................................49
TABLE OF CONTENTS, continued
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SPECIFICATIONS
Range: Selectable, 0-35, 0-70, 0-350, and 0-700 mg/L
Dimensions: 33 x 30.5 x 12.7 cm (13 x 12 x 5 inches)
External Power Supply: Input–115/230 VAC, 50/60 Hz
Output–20.5 VRMS
UL, CSA, and TUV approved
Capacity: Six 473-mL bottles
Shipping weight: 9 pounds
Operating temperature: 20 °C (68 °F)
Storage temperature: Below 40 °C (104 °F)
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Before attempting to unpack, set up, or operate this instrument,
please read this entire manual. Pay particular attention to all
warnings, cautions and notes. Failure to do so could result in
serious injury to the operator or damage to the equipment.
Use of Hazard Information
If multiple hazards exist, the signal word corresponding to the
greatest hazard shall be used.
DANGER
Indicates an imminently hazardous situation which, if not
avoided will result in death or serious injury.
WARNING
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation that could result in
death or serious injury or serious damage to equipment.
CAUTION
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation that may result in
minor or moderate injury.
NOTE
Information that requires special emphasis.
SHALL
This word is understood to be mandatory.
SHOULD
This word is understood to be advisory.
SAFETY
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WARNING
Handling chemical samples, standards, and reagents can be
dangerous. Review the necessary Material Safety Data Sheets
and become familiar with all safety procedures before handling
any chemicals.
ADVERTÊNCIA
A manipulaçãode amostras, padrões e reagentes químicos pode
ser perigosa. Reveja as necessárias Fichas Técnicas de
Segurança do Material e familiarizese com os procedimentos de
segurança antes de manipular quaisquer substãncias químicas.
ADVERTENCIA
La manipulación de muestras químicas, patrones y reactivos
puede ser peligrosa. Antes de manipular cualquier productor
químico, conviene leer las Fichas Técnicas de Seguridad y
familiarizarse con los procedimientos de sugeridad.
ATTENTION
La manipulation des échantillons chimiques, étalons et réactifs
peut être dangereuse. Lire les fiches de données de sécurité des
produits nécessaires et se familiariser avec toutes les procédures
de sécurité avant de manipuler tout produit chimique.
WARNUNG
Da das Arbeiten mit chemikalischen Proben, Standards,
Reagenzien und Abfällen mit Gefahren verbunden ist,
empfiehlt die Hach Company dem Benutzer dieser Produkte
dringend, sich vor der Arbeit mit sicheren Verfahrensweisen
und dem richtigen Gebrauch der Chemikalien oder
Biogefahrgut vertraut zu machen und alle entsprechenden
Materialsicherheitsdatenblätter aufmerksam zu lesen.
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OPERATION
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SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Before Operating the BODTrak Instrument
Read this entire manual before attempting to unpack, set up, or
operate the BODTrak instrument. Read all labels and tags
attached to the instrument, and pay particular attention to
information requiring special emphasis labeled NOTE and
WARNING.
Hach Company certifies that this instrument was thoroughly
tested and inspected and found to meet its published
specifications when it was shipped from the factory.
1.2 Unpacking the BODTrak Instrument
When removing the BODTrak instrument and accessories from
the shipping containers, inspect each item for damage that may
have occurred duringshipment. The BODTrak shipping container
includes the following items:
•The BODTrak instrument
•Six Seal Cups
The BODTrak accessory shipping container includes the
following items:
•Six amber sample bottles
•Six magnetic stir bars
•Polyethylene funnel
•Power supply – switchable between 115V or 230V
•Stopcock grease
•One package Nutrient Buffer Solution Pillows
•One package Lithium Hydroxide Powder Pillows
•Power cords, 115 and 230 V
If any items are missing or damaged, please contact the Hach
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Customer Service Department in Loveland, Colorado. Do not
return the instrument without prior authorization. In the United
States, call 1-800-227-4224. Outside the United States, contact
your nearest Hach dealer.
1.3 Applying Power
A UL/CSA approved 115 Vac power cord with a NEMA 5-15P
style plug and a 230 Vac Harmonized power cord with a
Continental European plug are supplied with the BODTrak
Instrument. The plug supplies AC power to the Power Supply
IEC Universal Connector (see Figure 1). The Power Supply
switch, located on the bottom of the Power Supply, is set at 115V
when shipped. If 230 power is required, move the switch to the
230V position.
1.4 The BOD Test
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is a test conducted at 20 °C
(68 °F) within a controlled environment. The test duration can be
five days, seven days, or up to 90 days, depending upon the
analysis or protocol. The test measures the amount of oxygen
consumed by bacteria oxidizing organic matter in a water sample.
The test is used to measure waste loadings at wastewater
treatment plants and to evaluate the efficiency of wastewater
treatment.
Figure 1 BODTrak Power Supply and Side Panel Controls
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BOD test results help determine general oxygen uptake patterns.
This allows operators to estimate plant operating efficiency and
determine proper treatment procedures.
The BODTrak method is an easy and direct method of measuring
BOD. It makes complex chemical analysis unnecessary because
the BODTrak instrument takes a physical measurement of the
oxygen consumed by a test sample.
Advantages to using the BODTrak method over the dilution
method are listed below:
•Minimal sample preparation time.
•Reduced total testing time (titrations and dilutions are
unnecessary).
•The BODTrak test is easy to monitor.
•The sample is stirred constantly and maintained under natural
conditions. The BODTrak has an initial head space containing
21% oxygen above the water sample. Continuous stirring
replenishes dissolved oxygen to the sample. This makes the
BODTrak results similar to occurrences found in a natural
environment. The dilution method supplies no additional
oxygen to the sample; this causes a higher percentage of
oxygen depletion, sometimes as much as 89 percent.
•The BOD rate can be observed daily without disturbing the
sample. Pressure changes within the closed BODTrak system
are displayed graphically in milligrams per liter (mg/L) on
an LCD. The system supplies 480 evenly spaced data points
over the selected period (5.25, 7, or 10.5 days).
NOTE: You can either manually stop the test at 5.0 or 10.0 days, or
scroll back (using the arrow keys) to 5.0 or 10.0 days on the display to
see the final BOD value. If downloading, you can also disregard the last
data points to collect exactly 5.0 or 10.0 days (i.e., disregard the last 23
points when doing the 5.25 day test).
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•The BODTrak method continuously removes carbon dioxide
(CO2) from the system so that the pressure difference
observed is proportional to the amount of oxygen used.
•Bubbles formed by degassing can cause errors when samples
are warmed to the experimental temperature. The BODTrak
compensates for this occurrence by starting the test after the
equilibrium temperature has been reached.
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SECTION 2 INSTRUMENT OPERATION
2.1 Principles of Operation
2.1.1 Oxygen Transfer to Sample
A measured water sample is placed in each of the six amber
sample bottles. The bottles are placed on the instrument
and connected by caps and tubing to the instrument’s
pressure sensors.
Bacteria in the sample uses oxygen (O2) to oxidize organic matter
within the sample bottles. The air in the bottle above the sample
contains 21% oxygen and replenishes the oxygen used by the
bacteria. During the test period, stir bars continually rotate within
each bottle. Stirring helps transfer oxygen from the air to the
sample and helps simulate natural conditions.
2.1.2 Pressure Sensor Function
The BODTrak is sealed to prevent external atmospheric pressure
changes from affecting the BOD reading. Pressure sensors
monitor air pressure within the sample bottles, and when the air
pressure drops, the pressure change is converted to mg/L BOD.
2.1.3 Removing Carbon Dioxide
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is produced when microorganisms oxidize
organic matter within the sample. The CO2must be removed
from the system so the measured pressure difference is
proportional only to the amount of O2used. Lithium hydroxide
crystals, placed in the seal cup of each sample bottle before
testing, remove the carbon dioxide.
Do not substitute any other compound for lithium hydroxide.
Other materials could absorb moisture, or less CO2, throughout
the test.
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2.2 Key Functions
The BODTrak control panel (see Figure 2) includes the channel
selector, located centrally on the panel; the display screen, to the
right of the channel selector; and the control keys, located below
the display screen.
Channel Selection Keys
Data for any of the six bottles can be displayed by pressing the
corresponding channel selector key. The channel keys are
numbered one through six and are located in the center of the
instrument control panel.
Scrolling Keys
The display shows a graph of BOD values on the vertical axis and
time in days on the horizontal axis. During operation the display
shows the test start date, the run status, and the channel number.
Pressing the <(left) and >(right) scrolling keys (the centrally
located control keys) scrolls through the stored data for the
selected channel. The cursor moves along the BOD curve to show
the approximate coordinates of the current data point. The
Figure 2 BODTrak Control Panel
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elapsed time and BOD value of the data point are shown in the
lower right of the display.
The cursor is automatically placed at the most recently collected
data point whenever a channel is displayed.
The ON Key
To start a test, follow the procedure in section 3.1 BODTrak Test
Procedure and proceed as follows:
1. Connect the tube cap for the measurement channel to the
bottle being tested, and firmly tighten the cap.
2. Simultaneously press and hold the < (left) and the > (right)
scroll keys. The time menu will appear. Press CHANNEL 6 to
activate the test length parameter.
3. Use the scroll keys to choose a 5-, 7-, or 10-day test. The test
length is shown at the bottom of the screen.
4. Press the OFF key to save the selection and exit the menu.
5. Hold down the ON key. A menu for selecting a BOD scale is
displayed.
6. Press the <(left) or > (right) key to select the desired scale.
This also initializes the current channel, clears any previously
stored BOD data, and records the current time as the start
time. For details regarding scale selection, see section 3.1
BODTrak Test Procedure.
NOTE: To leave the menu screen without starting a test, press the
OFF key.
7. Press and hold the ON key to start a test. An empty graph for
the selected channel is displayed. The status annunciator in the
lower right of the display will show DLY for the first hour of
the test, during which no data are taken. This allows the
instrument, bottles, and sample to equilibrate to the incubation
temperature. After the first hour the annunciator shows RUN,
indicating that the channel is actively collecting data.
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