Hallowell EMC Tafonius Junior User manual

Tafonius JunioR
J2
A USERS GUIDE
v01Jun2017
Printed: 26/Oct/18 DOCA4962B

Tafonius Junior – A User Guide
Table of Contents
An Overview ..........................................................................................................................5
Junior sans gas..................................................................................................................5
Junior with gas...................................................................................................................7
urning Junior On...............................................................................................................8
Controller Start Up Sequence............................................................................................8
Pressure sensor setup...................................................................................................9
Initialising the Piston.......................................................................................................9
Leak esting...................................................................................................................9
he Control Screen..........................................................................................................10
1) Status and message information..............................................................................10
2) Piston Graphic and Settings Information..................................................................10
BV............................................................................................................................10
MWPL...................................................................................................................... 10
ASS ........................................................................................................................11
CPAP / PEEP............................................................................................................11
3) Resultant Ventilation values......................................................................................11
4) Patient Ventilator settings & Measured values..........................................................11
Ventilator Controls............................................................................................................12
Setting Values using the control knobs – Change & Commit........................................12
Control setting validation..............................................................................................12
HE CON ROL KNOBS..........................................................................................12
LIMI S IMPOSED ON SE INGS...........................................................................12
O HER CON ROLS................................................................................................12
Assist: .................................................................................................................. 12
CPAP/PEEP .......................................................................................................13
Dump Valve Button...............................................................................................13
Buffer Volume Setting...........................................................................................14
Controls on the Anesthesia Machine Side....................................................................14
Oxygen Flowmeter...................................................................................................14
Air Flowmeter...........................................................................................................14
N2O Flowmeter........................................................................................................14
Oxygen Flush Button................................................................................................14
Scavenging Flowmeter.............................................................................................14
Pressure Gauges.....................................................................................................15
Junior and Spontaneous Breathing..................................................................................15
hinking of the Piston as a “Virtual bag........................................................................15
Dictating the size of the “Virtual Bag”...........................................................................15
Add-a-Litre feature.......................................................................................................15
Ventilation measurements during Standby Mode.........................................................16
Junior and IPPV...............................................................................................................16
Junior’s Built-in Scavenging Options................................................................................16
he Passive Scavenging System.................................................................................17
he Blower-in-a-Box Active System.............................................................................17
he Surgical Suction ype Active Scavenging System ................................................17
Warning Messages – Alerts and Alarms...........................................................................18
Alerts............................................................................................................................18
BA ERY1 LOW VOL AGE and/or ....................................................................18
BA ERY2 LOW VOL AGE ...............................................................................18
MAX PRESSURE EXCEEDED LIMI ......................................................................18
LOW SYS EM RESERVE VOLUME........................................................................18
CYLINDER EMP Y/OU OF RESERVE..................................................................18
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Tafonius Junior – A User Guide
SYS EM FULL.........................................................................................................18
PIS ON POSI ION INFO ERROR .........................................................................18
Alarms.......................................................................................................................... 19
* OXYGEN SUPPLY PRESSURE LOW *...............................................................19
* OXYGEN SUPPLY PRESSURE LOW *...............................................................19
* LOW BREA HING SYS EM PRESSURE *.........................................................19
* BA ERY 1 CRI ICALLY LOW * and/or..............................................................19
* BA ERY 2 CRI ICALLY LOW *.........................................................................19
* NO RESPONSE O INPU KNOBS *..................................................................19
* RD VACUUM FAILURE *.....................................................................................19
echnical Specifications:..................................................................................................20
PHYSICAL ..................................................................................................................20
ELEC RICAL...............................................................................................................20
CLINICAL..................................................................................................................... 20
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Tafonius Junior – A User Guide
An Overview
here are two versions of Junior. Junior w/gas has a circle system and gas controls the
other is a ventilator only, Junior sans gas, for use with an existing gas machine.
Junior sans gas
Shown here with a Matrx VML by Midmark gas machine head.
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6” (152mm) Locking
Front Casters
Optional IV Pole
LA Circle System
Ventilator to Breathing
Bag Connection
Piston Cylinder
Scavenging Flowmeter
Control Panel and
Display
Servo Motor

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Only on Junior w/gas
Dump Valve button Assist button
CPAP / PEEP
button
Ventilate /
Standby
button
Add-a-Litre
on/off
V, RR, It & MWPL controls 2” (54mm) Breathing
Circuit connection port
qVGA Display
Soft Power Switch
Future RM button
Optional two position
Select-a- EC backbar
Scavenging flowmeter
RCD / GFCI mains breaker
Mains fuses
Power cord & Gas
hose hanging straps
Vacuum Inlet Port
Vacuum Sensing Port
Locking Front Casters
Patient Wye Protection Ring
(when you drop it, it'll bounce)
Four position gas
connection plate
Cylinder Opening plate
CO2 Absorbent Pan
Piston Cylinder

Tafonius Junior – A User Guide
Junior wit gas
his version has the same circle system as the full Tafonius s well as mounting space for
two vaporizers and two flowmeters, oxygen and air. Only features additional to those in the
ventilator only version above are labeled below.
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Vaporizer mounting
locations
CO2 Absorber pan
Patient Wye
2” (54 mm) Breathing
tubes
Double bottom pan
Oxygen flowmeter
Inspiratory/Expiratory
Valve Block
Oxygen supply
pressure gauge
Breathing system
pressure manometer
Oxygen flush button

Tafonius Junior – A User Guide
his version of the Users Guide contains information for machines running software version
6021.
Turning Junior On
Press the soft ON/OFF control button (1). he Control screen (2) and the soft ON/OFF
control button immediately illuminate. he vacuum pump will be heard as the control screen
begins to display the power on sequence seen above.
Controller Start Up Sequence
he first line tells you what versions of software running. In this case it is version 6021 with
Boot Loader ver. 106 followed buy the Runtime in the format <hours on / hours ventilating>
Next the battery voltages are checked. he result of this and each subsequent test is
displayed on the screen. Each successful test is
accompanied by a double-beep and a triple-beep
when all tests have passed. Should a test fail the
cause and instructions for a resolution will be
displayed.
he ViX drive is the circuit component that actually
runs the servomotor on the linear actuator that
moves the piston. First it is setup and
communications with it is established then it is
tested.
Last the vacuum status is evaluated.
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Tafonius Junior – A User Guide
Pressure sensor setup
Following the vacuum test the option is
provided for adjusting the zero offset of the
pressure transduce. It will be the very rare
occasion that this feature is used.
he user has 5 seconds to push any of the
rotary knobs to enter the Pressure Sensor
setup screen. If there is a discrepancy
between the two offset values seen on the
screen below, it usually indicates some
problem other that pressure sensor drift.
Most frequently you’ll find water in the
pressure sampling line. It is recommended
that you blow out the pressure sensing line on
a regular basis. o do this remover the sensing line from the underside of the main control
box and flush the line out with air from a syringe.
Leak Testing
After the pressure sensor setup the operator is
given the chance to leak test the system.
Press any of the 4 knobs under the screen
within 5 seconds and this screen to the right is
displayed.
Follow the instructions on the screen. Fit a
stopper to the patient wye piece, turn on the
gas flow to bring the breathing system
pressure up to 20 cmH2O. Adjust the flow rate
to hold the pressure steady at 20 cmH2O. he
flow observed on the flowmeter is the leak rate
at that pressure. When satisfied press the
RUN button to continue.
Initialising the Piston
After the leak test has been completed or
skipped this text to the right appears:
Before Junior can be used the system needs to locate the zero position, the bottom of
travel, of the piston.
he RUN button will be flashing, and the screen seen above will be waiting for the user to
be sure there is nothing attached to the patient Y-piece before pushing the RUN button to
instruct Junior to zero the piston. Once the button is pushed the screen shows the message
MOVING PISTON TO ZERO POINT. During this piston movement the airway pressure is
monitored. If there is a patient attached or an obstruction to airflow then the following
message appears.
Clear the obstruction or remove the patient
before continuing. Once the piston reaches the
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Tafonius Junior – A User Guide
bottom of its travel, a zero reading is taken and ZEROING PISTON POSITON is displayed
briefly, a beep is heard.
he control screen below is displayed but the piston is left at the very bottom and the
warning “CYLINDER EMP Y / OU OF RESERVE” flashes in area 1 (see below) waiting for
the user to pre-fill the system with oxygen and anaesthetic before induction.
Junior is ready for use.
T e Control Screen
he Control screen is divided into 4 main regions:
1) Status and message information
Area 1 shows status information on the system batteries, left. Displayed is the actual
voltages of the two batteries used in Junior and whether or not they are being charged.
he centre area indicates whether the machine is running on MAINS or BA ery power.
he software version is displayed in the upper right and the vacuum level around the piston
with the duration in seconds since the last vacuum cycle below that. When there are no
warning or error messages, the name junior is displayed in this area as seen above. he
display of warning and error messages will replace the machine name when they occur.
2) Piston Graphic and Settings Information
Area 2 shows a representation of the piston. he dark area represents the volume of gas
under the piston and the numerical value at the top of the list to the right displays the
amount in litres (L). he piston position and volume are constantly updated showing the
position of the piston at all times. wo asterisks (* *) will appear at the top of the piston area
whenever the Dump Valve, the electric pop-off valve, is open.
Below the volume display are four settings that are not otherwise always display on the
screen.
BV
he Buffer Volume is displayed in litres. What the Buffer Volume is and how it is
used is described below in the section “ Dictating the size of the “Virtual Bag”
MWPL
he Maximum Working Pressure Limit, in cmH2O, is generally seen above the right
most control knob used to set its value however it will not be displayed there when
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4
2
3
1) Status And Message Information
2) Piston Graphic And Settings Information
3) Resultant Ventilation Values
4) Ventilator Settings & Measured Values
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Tafonius Junior – A User Guide
using the Assist Mode. he MWPL is set as a high-pressure safety limit the value of
which is continuously compared to the breathing system pressure. Junior is a
volume or time cycled ventilator so the MWPL does NO set how high the pressure
will go but if the pressure should reach the set level the machine will alarm
immediately, terminate the inspiration and switch to the expiratory phase of the
breathing cycle.
ASST
Assist is a mode of ventilation which compares the patient's effort to breathe with a
set value of inspiratory flow. Should the patient reach or exceed that setting an
assisted breath is delivered by the ventilator. Should the patients breathing not be
strong enough to reach or exceed that amount of inspiratory flow within a certain
time the ventilator will give a controlled breath. he value next to the text ASST is
the level of inspiratory flow, in liters per minute that must be generated by the patient
to trigger an assisted breath.
CPAP / PEEP
he set CPAP or PEEP pressure setting is displayed in cm H2O at the bottom of the
list.
3) Resultant Ventilation alues
Area 3 shows the values that result from the settings of the independent variables idal
Volume, Respiratory Rate and Inspiratory ime. he dependent variables displayed in this
area are Minute Volume (MV) in liters per minute (lpm), Inspiratory Flow Rate (IF) in lpm, I:E
Ratio and Expiratory ime (E ) in seconds. hese are updated whenever a ventilation
parameter is changed. his feature allows the user to see how other parameters are
affected by the change being made. One can therefore “set” a dependent variable. For
example you can set the MV by changing the V and or the RR and watch the resulting
affect on the MV display. Similarly one could “set” the I:E Ratio by changing the RR and or
the I-time. he I:E ratio display will flash on and off when the settings result in an inverse I:E
ratio, i.e. less that 1:1
4) Patient Ventilator settings & Measured alues
Area 4 shows the values set by the operator for idal Volume (TV), Respiratory Rate (RR),
Inspiratory ime (IT) and Maximum Working Pressure Limit (MWPL) or rigger sensitivity
level (SENS) when assist mode is selected. he values in parentheses above these settings
are the measured values taken during spontaneous breathing.
afonius Junior displays information that no other large animal ventilator is able to display.
ake advantage of this information, get use to it, think about it. Especially the Minute
Volume (MV) value. MV is the parameter to observe to quantitatively assess the change in
gas delivery by the ventilator as you change settings. It is this number that must be
changed to raise or lower the PaCO2 all other things being constant. here are many ways
to manipulate this setting. Depending on the pathophysiology of the patient there will be
better ways that other ways to attain the MV delivery desired.
For example in colic cases already high abdominal pressure pose a unique challenge to the
implementation of IPPV. If an increase in MV is required in an attempt to bring the PaCO2
levels down it would be better to increase the RR than the V. By watching the MV setting it
is much easier to quantify the change your making.
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Tafonius Junior – A User Guide
Ventilator Controls
Junior’s ventilator is controlled via the 4 control knobs below the Control screen, the
RUN/IPPV button, Assist button, CPAP/PEEP button, Oxygen Flush button, Dump Valve
button and the soft power ON/OFF switch.
Setting Values using the control knobs – Change & Commit
he process of setting any value uses the concept of “Change & Commit”.
urning the idal Volume knob for example will change the value displayed and an asterisk
will appear next to the changed value. o commit this new value push in the idal Volume
knob (or any of the 4 knobs) and hold it until a single beep is heard. he asterisk
disappears and the new value is committed to memory. If the value is not committed by
pressing a control knob then after 4 seconds the setting will revert to the original value. his
process prevents accidental or inadvertent changing of ventilation parameters.
Control setting alidation
here are 4 control knobs sitting directly beneath the display of the parameter they control.
When adjusting any of the values calculations are made with the settings of the other
parameters to ensure that the new combination of settings will not exceed the capabilities of
the machine. For example if the Inspiratory ime is set to 1.0 seconds then it will be
impossible to set the idal Volume to anything greater than 15.0L since this combination
would exceed the machines maximum capacity of 900 lpm inspiratory flow. When a limit is
reached the setting will not advance as the knob is turned.
THE CONTROL KNOBS
idal Volume: he range is 0.1L to 20.0L in 0.1L increments.
Respiratory Rate: he range is 1 to 20 breaths per minute.
0.2 bpm increments between 1 and 2 bpm,
0.5 bpm increments between 2 and 5 bpm and
1 bpm increments between 5 and 20 bpm.
Inspiratory ime: he range is 0.5 to 4.0 in 0.1 second increments.
MWPL: he range is 10 to 80 cmH2O in 1 cmH2O increments.
LIMITS IMPOSED ON SETTINGS
Inspiratory Flow Maximum of 900 lpm
Expiratory time Minimum of 0.5 seconds
OTHER CONTROLS
Assist:
When the Assist mode button is pressed you will notice the RR
setting changes to 1/3 of its current value. his is the new RR that
determines the period at which controlled breaths will be delivered if
the patient does not trigger a breath before then. When the patient
triggers an assisted breath the period till the next controlled breath is
reset. Another way to put this is that during assist mode ventilation if
the patient does not trigger a breath within 3 periods of the original
RR setting (the RR displayed when the Assist mode was entered)
the ventilator will deliver a controlled breath.
Changing the RR has effect on the dependent parameters MV, I:E
and E-time, you will note that these displays change along with the
RR when the assist button was pushed thereby entering the Assist
mode. By observing these parameters you will know the minimum
ventilation Junior will deliver should the patients breathing cease and
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Tafonius Junior – A User Guide
never triggers a breath. W ile in Assist Mode, you s ould verify t at t e settings as
displayed will ALWAYS be enoug to sustain t e life of t e patient.
he trigger range settable is 1 lpm to 200 lpm inspiratory flow, 1 lpm increments. Junior
behaves somewhat differently if you enter Assist Mode while in Standby or IPPV mode.
In STANDBY mode:
In S ANDBY mode, spontaneous breathing, the effort level can be set but is not
active until the IPPV/RUN button is pushed. o enter the ASSIS mode, press the
ASSIS button once, the ASSIS button will flash slowly and the MWPL legend on
the Control screen will be replaced with the text “SENS” for SENSitivity followed by a
value e.g. 60 LPM. his value of 60 litres per minute is the inspiratory flow rate that
the patient must meet or exceed in order to trigger an assisted breath. his will not
happen unless the ventilator is in IPPV mode. Pressing the RUN/IPPV button will
cause the IPPV button to be lit, the ASSIS button will stop flashing, remain lit and
the assist mode to become active.
In IPPV mode:
ASSIS mode can also be chosen when the patient is receiving IPPV. In this case
the ASSIS mode button will be lit continuously to show that the ASSIS mode is
active. In this state the ventilator is waiting for an effort from the patient. If this effort
level is not met within the time required a mandatory breath is given. If the patient
triggers a breath then the timing of the mandatory breath is reset. In either case, the
delivered breath will be based on the set V and I-time. Pressing the RUN/IPPV
button will return the ventilator to spontaneous mode and cancel the ASSIS
function.
his is a new feature and we currently have no guidelines on sensitivity values to set. he
software offers a range of between 1 LPM and 200 LPM as trigger values. We would
welcome feedback on the settings found useful or normal in practice.
CPAP/PEEP
he range is 0 to 50 cmH2O in 1 cmH2O increments.
In Standby Mode:
CPAP or Continuous Positive Airway Pressure can he applied during spontaneous
breathing. With CPAP applied patients inspire and expire normally with no added
effort, the end expiratory pressure is held elevated to the CPAP setting. his aids in
maintaining open alveoae. he airway pressure is held constant during all phases of
spontaneous breathing. he same happens should the patient take a breath during
IPPV when PEEP is applied as described below.
In Ventilator Mode:
During IPPV the term PEEP or Positive End Expiratory Pressure applies and the
display changes accordingly. Ventilating pressures rise during the Inspiratory phase
as normal, but are allowed only to fall as far as the PEEP setting during expiration.
Unlike traditional PEEP where the airway pressure would drop to zero or negative
should the animal take a breath Junior maintains the PEEP level during the
spontaneous breath.
Dump Valve Button
he dump valve button affords you manual control of the dump valve which is the electronic
pop-off valve. his is useful when you want to empty the “bag” so to speak, actually dump
the volume under the piston into the scavenging system at the end of a case or to quickly
drop the anaesthetic concentration by replacing the gas under the piston with anaesthetic
free oxygen. o do this press the DV button and hold it until the volume under the piston
drops to the desired level. After the dump valve closes use the O2 flush button to refill the
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Tafonius Junior – A User Guide
cylinder. Our service technician can set the rate at which the volume
under the piston is eliminated. If you would prefer it work faster or slower
give us a call we can make the change for you over the internet.
Buffer Volume Setting
o set the buffer volume depress the V control and hold it for 3 seconds.
he V display in section 4 of the screen will change to BV, release the
knob. urn the knob to the desired setting and depress it again to save
the new setting. he BV value on the display will update with the new BV
setting and the knob will revert to controlling the set V. he default BV
setting is 5.0 liters.
Controls on the Anaesthesia Machine Side
hese controls are on Tafonius Junior w/gas and include the oxygen flowmeter, air
and N2O flowmeters if fitted, the oxygen flush button and scavenging flowmeter. If you have
the version of Junior that is sans gas (the ventilator only) these controls would be found
on your existing anaesthesia machine if fitted.
Oxygen Flowmeter
he oxygen flowmeter has a 0 -10 lpm scale but considerably more flow can be delivered
when the ball is off the top of the scale. Use this flowmeter as you would on any other
anaesthesia machine.
Air Flowmeter
An optional air flowmeter with either a yellow knob for the US or a black and white knob for
most other countries may be installed on your machine. his allows the user to adjust the
FiO2 delivered to the breathing system.
he nomogram shown below can be used as a guide for setting the FiO2 but it is easy to
remember that:
Equal flows of air and oxygen yields 60% O2
3 times as much air as oxygen yields 40% O2
3 times as much oxygen as air yields 80% O2
N2O Flowmeter
Although the use of N2O is much a thing of the
past this option is still available but should never
be used without a working oxygen analyzer in the
breathing circuit.
Oxygen Flus Button
he oxygen flush button delivers a high flow of
pure oxygen to the breathing system without
going through the vaporizer. It is generally used
to fill the system quickly or to quickly dilute the
anaesthetic concentration in the system.
Scavenging Flowmeter
his flowmeter is located on the right side near the rear of the machine. It is used only when
the machine is connected to a central vacuum system such as is used for surgical suction.
Adjust the scavenging flow to the minimum flow possible to extend the life of your vacuum
pump. he scavenging flow should be set enough to keep the reservoir bag flat at most
times.
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Tafonius Junior – A User Guide
Pressure Gauges
Junior w/gas also has 2 pressure guages on the front panel. One for Breathing System
Pressure the range of which is -10 – +60 cmH2O and one for Oxygen Supply pressure with a
full scale of 100psi (700kPa).
Junior and Spontaneous Breat ing
Thinking of the Piston as a “Virtual bag
When the ventilator is idle and a patient is connected, the system behaves like a ‘perfect’
bag. By a perfect bag we mean that when the patient breathes out there is no expiratory
resistance and when the patient breathes in there is no inspiratory resistance. his action is
possible because the airway pressure is sensed at the centre of the Y-piece. As soon as a
pressure deviation in excess of 0.5 cmH2O from the ambient pressure is detected the piston
is moved so as to negate this pressure change. If the patient breathes out then the piston
withdraws, effectively filling. If the patient inspires then the piston moves down, effectively
emptying. Because a motor drives the piston it is the motor that overcomes the resistances
of any piping, valving or soda lime. o the patient it feels like breathing to room air with no
resistance.
Dictating the size of the “Virtual Bag”
he size bag you use on your anaesthesia machine depends on the size of the patient. he
breathing bag must be large enough to hold the largest size breath the patient may take.
But it should not be overly large because the excess volume increases the time constant of
the breathing system making it take longer for changes in vaporizer settings or the FiO2
setting equilibrate and take effect.
he tidal volume and the concept of a buffer volume are used to control the size of the
“Virtual Bag”, the volume under the piston, in Junior . he piston is not allowed to rise
above the combined volumes of V + BV. Whenever the piston volume reaches this upper
limit, gas is allowed to flow out to the scavenging system.
In this manor Junior is changing the Virtual bag size every time you change the V.
Add-a-Litre feature
In addition to continually managing the maximum volume is the system Junior also works
to keep a the minimum volume in the system at all times. Junior considers the piston to
be in the low volume zone whenever it dips below the 1.5 litre point. When this happens
gas flows into the system during current and subsequent the inspiratory phase(s) until a liter
has been added and the LOW SYSTEM RESERVE VOLUME alarm will sound.
Example 1:
A 300kg patient breathing spontaneously. Rule of thumb would suggest setting the V
control to 3.0L in preparation for IPPV. he BV is set to its default of 5.0L. he upper limit
of the piston volume is then 3.0 + 5.0 L = 8.0L, the patient is effectively breathing from an
8L bag.
Say the patient has just been induced, initial gas flow rates may be of the order of 5-10L per
minute. his will tend to fill the system rather quickly.
When the piston volume reaches the 8.0L limit the piston stops rising and the excess gas
will be discharged from the system through the electronically controlled Dump Valve. You
will hear the dump valve opening and closing as a clunk... clunk. After induction you would
turn the fresh-gas-flow down but lets say you turn it down a little to far. he piston volume
falls a little breath by breath, the clunking sound will stop, until finally the piston dips below
the 1.5L level towards the end of a cycle. At this point an extra 1.0L of gas will be added to
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Tafonius Junior – A User Guide
the system through the vaporiser automatically and the LOW SYSTEM RESERVE VOLUME
alarm will sound momentarily.
hen you decide to increase the tidal volume setting to 4.0L. his increases the upper limit
to 9.0L. Doing so will also drive the piston down in to the low volume zone again causing
another alarm. At this point it would be prudent to increase the fresh-gas-flow to avoid
repeated alarms and allow the piston to rise to a higher level.
Example 2:
Say the breathing of a spontaneously breathing patient is erratic and the piston repeatedly
hits the upper limit and dips into the low volume zone it would be appropriate at this point to
increase the tidal volume setting to increase the “Bag” size temporarily. If the tidal volume
then seems to great for the animal check the buffer volume setting.
Ventilation measurements during Standby Mode
In Standby mode (during spontaneous breathing) the piston position is constantly monitored
and will display patient breathing parameters when regular cyclic movements are detected.
he values are updated at the beginning of each expiratory phase and show the values for
the last breath cycle. he values in parentheses above the idal Volume, Respiratory Rate
and Inspiratory ime legends are measurements of the respective parameter. he value
above the MWPL legend is the maximum airway pressure measured during the last breath
cycle. he dependant parameters such as minute volume, inspiratory flow etc are not
affected by these measurements and reflect only their calculated values based on the
settings for V, RR and Itime.
Junior and IPPV
Changing between spontaneous breathing mode (standby) and ventilation mode is very
simple and can be done at any time. As soon as the IPPV / RUN switch is pressed it will
illuminate to indicate machine is in IPPV mode and immediately an inspiratory phase begins
delivering the tidal volume as set by the V and Itime controls. o stop IPPV at any time,
simply press the IPPV / RUN switch again. he switch light will go out and the unit will
return to standby mode.
In IPPV mode the tidal volume is delivered in the time set by the Inspiratory ime setting
(see Control Setting Validation section for an explanation of how settings are restricted).
After the tidal volume has been delivered the expiratory phase begins. In the expiratory
phase the piston immediately behaves like a “Bag” and allows the patient to breathe out
raising the piston as it does. he piston stays in this state until the end of the expiratory time
when the inspiratory phase begins again and the piston is driven downwards delivering gas
to the patient again.
At all times the piston image on the screen shows the position and actual volume under the
piston.
Junior’s Built-in Scavenging Options
afonius junior has a unique scavenging interface that will accommodate a passive system,
an active system such as the blower-in-box type and an active system such as a centrally
plumbed surgical suction system.
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Tafonius Junior – A User Guide
The Passi e Sca enging System
A passive interface is nothing more that a 19 or
22mm tube that is put through the wall to the
outdoors. here is a scavenging port on Junior
that will accept either a 19mm or 22mm hose
for this purpose. he other port should then be
occluded as shown here with the red cap.
The Blower-in-a-Box Acti e System
If the Blower-in-a-Box Active system is
operating properly it should be connected in the
same manner as the Passive system above.
The Surgical Suction Type Acti e
Sca enging System
his type of scavenging system is supplied
from a wall outlet or ceiling drop via a properly
color-coded hose to the DISS or NIS Vacuum
or EVAC connector below the scavenging flowmeter at the right rear side of the machine. In
addition a 5 litre reservoir bag and f/air canister should be connected as in the picture below.
Adjust the scavenging flowmeter to the minimum flow rate that will keep the reservoir bag
flat most of the time. his will extend the life of your vacuum pump. For a more detail
discussion of this scavenging interface visit http://hallowell.com/media/DOCA3136.pdf
Printed: 26/Oct/18 Page 17 of 20 DOCA4962B
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he charcoal canister on the interface performs two duties. It
acts as a pressure differential as room air is pulled through it
when there is nothing to scavenge and it works as a backup
scavenger when the vacuum fails or is disconnected.

Tafonius Junior – A User Guide
Warning Messages – Alerts and Alarms
here are two levels of warning messages alerts and alarms.
Alerts
hese messages are accompanied by an initial 2-second audible beep but are then silent. A
flashing text message will appear on the screen in Area 1, where the junior logo is
normally displayed. Alerts are non-critical events encountered during normal operation.
o clear an alert manually press and hold any of the 4 control knobs until two beeps are
heard. Here is a list of the alerts.
BATTERY1 LOW VOLTAGE and/or
BATTERY2 LOW VOLTAGE
he indicated battery has a low voltage. his is normally because the machine is being
operated without the mains connected or it has been left in storage without being connected
to the mains. Connect the mains supply and make sure the RCD/GFCI switch at the back of
the machine is on.
he alert will stay on screen until cleared. Unless the problem has been resolved the alert
will return.
MAX PRESSURE EXCEEDED LIMIT
he airway pressure exceeded the setting of the Maximum Working Pressure Limit. he
Alert will stay on screen until cleared manually.
LOW SYSTEM RESERVE VOLUME
he piston has entered the low volume zone at the 1.5L point. If this is during an active
inspiratory phase then a litre of gas will automatically be added to the breathing system
through the vaporiser. If the vaporiser is off then gas will still be added, but without agent.
Continued occurrence of this warning is an indication that the fresh-gas-flow setting is too
low and/or there may be a significant leak in the system or past the E tube.
When the piston moves out of the low volume zone then the alert will self clear.
CYLINDER EMPTY/OUT OF RESERVE
he piston is at the lower most position, i.e. zero volume. If this is during the inspiratory
phase then the full tidal volume will not have been delivered.
When the piston moves away from the zero point the alert will self clear.
SYSTEM FULL
he piston is at the most full position i.e. maximum volume. he Dump Valve will be opened
to allow gas to escape and prevent pressure building up.
When the piston moves away from the top point the alert will self clear.
PISTON POSITION INFO ERROR
he piston position reported from the motor is incorrect. his is usually transient and is self-
correcting. Any permanent loss of position information will result in an alarm condition.
he alert will stay on screen until cleared manually.
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Tafonius Junior – A User Guide
Alarms
hese messages are accompanied by a repeating intermittent beep of approximately one
second duration. A flashing text message will appear on the screen in area 1, where the
Junior logo normally sits. Alarms are critical events that have serious implications for the
efficient ventilation or support of the patient. Each alarm that is shown on the screen will
have an asterisk at each end of the text, e.g.:
* OXYGEN SUPPLY PRESSURE LOW *
o clear an alarm manually press and hold any of the 4 control knobs until two beeps are
heard. Here is a list of the alarms.
* OXYGEN SUPPLY PRESSURE LOW *
he piped oxygen pressure, whether it is from the hospital supply Line, or from the E-
cylinders has fallen below 40 psi. his alarm can only be cleared by connecting a source of
oxygen with a pressure greater than 40psi.
* LOW BREATHING SYSTEM PRESSURE *
his Alarm occurs when, at the end of an inspiratory phase during IPPV or Assist, a
maximum pressure of 7 cmH2O has not been reached. his can occur when the patient has
become disconnected from the system. It can also occur when the patient takes a breath at
the same time as the ventilator delivers a breath.
he Alarm will continue until either a pressure in excess of 7cm H2O is registered during an
inspiratory phase OR the alarm is cleared manually.
* BATTERY 1 CRITICALLY LOW * and/or
* BATTERY 2 CRITICALLY LOW *
Either one of the batteries voltage has reached the critical level. Below this level ventilator
function may be severely compromised, particularly with regard to piston movement and the
action of the Dump Valve. T e ventilator must be connected to t e mains supply
immediately.
* NO RESPONSE TO INPUT KNOBS *
he circuit board for the front control knobs has failed to respond to the main controller. It
will not be possible to change any of the ventilation settings. T is is a critical error and t e
patient s ould be c anged to manual ventilation.
* RD VACUUM FAILURE *
he vacuum level in the double diaphragm has fallen below a critical level. Continued use of
the ventilator will result in severe damage to the piston assembly. he vacuum level must be
restored before ventilation is re-enabled. Check the connections of the hose at the vacuum
port on the ventilator cylinder. Until t e vacuum as been restored t e patient s ould be
c anged to manual ventilation.
Printed: 26/Oct/18 Page 19 of 20 DOCA4962B
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Tafonius Junior – A User Guide
Tec nical Specifications:
PHYSICAL
Size: 51” x 30” x 24” , Height x Depth x Width
Weig t: 135 lbs (61kg) sans gas, ???kg with gas
Construction: Powder-coated stainless steel and aluminum
Top s elf dimensions 20” W x 13” D; (50cm x 33cm)
ELECTRICAL
Power Input: 90-240v AC 50/60Hz Universal Input
Power consumption: 400W max
Operational voltage: 12v/24v DC Sealed Lead Acid (SLA) Batteries
Battery C arging: In-built lead-acid chargers @ max 5A charge
CLINICAL
Tidal Volume 0.1 L to 20.0 L
TV settings resolution 100ml
TV accuracy better that ± 25ml
Buffer Volume (BV) 2.0 L to 20 L
Respiratory Rate 1.0 to 30.0 bpm
RR settings resolution @ 1.0 to 2.0 bpm – 0.2 bpm
@ 2.0 to 5.0 bpm – 0.5 bpm
@ 5.0 to 30.0 bpm – 1 bpm
Inspiratory Time 0.5 to 4.0 sec
Itime setting resolution 0.1 sec
Maximum Inspiratory Flow Rate 900 lpm
Maximum Working Pressure Limit 10 to 80 cmH2O
MWPL settings resolution 1 cmH2O
Low breat ing system pressure
alarm t res old 7 cmH2O
CPAP/PEEP 0 to 60 cmH2O
CPAP/PEEP settings resolution 1 cmH2O
Assist Trigger Level 1 to 200 lpm inspiratory flow
Trigger setting resolution 1 lpm
Mounting space to accommodate 2 cage mount vaporizers
2 gas flowmeters
2 e-cylinders
2 IV poles
2 syringe/E tube holders
Printed: 26/Oct/18 Page 20 of 20 DOCA4962B
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