Hanna Instruments HI 83414 User manual

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www.hannainst.com
HI 83414
Turbidity and Free/Total Chlorine
Meter
Instruction Manual

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Dear Customer,
Thank you for choosing a Hanna Instruments product.
Please read this instruction manual carefully before using this instrument.
This manual will provide you with the necessary information for correct use of this instrument,
as well as a precise idea of its versatility.
If you need additional technical information, do not hesitate to e-mail us at [email protected]
or view our worldwide contact list at www.hannainst.com.
WARRANTY
HI 83414 is guaranteed for two years against defects in workmanship and materials when used
for its intended purpose and maintained according to instructions. Electrodes and probes are
guaranteed for six months. This warranty is limited to repair or replacement free of charge.
Damage due to accidents, misuse, tampering or lack of prescribed maintenance is not covered.
If service is required, contact the dealer from whom you purchased the instrument. If under
warranty, report the model number, date of purchase, serial number and the nature of the
problem. If the repair is not covered by the warranty, you will be notified of the charges
incurred. If the instrument is to be returned to Hanna Instruments, first obtain a Returned Goods
Authorization number from the Technical Service department and then send it with shipping
costs prepaid. When shipping any instrument, make sure it is properly packed for complete
protection.
To validate your warranty, fill out and return the enclosed warranty card within 14 days from the
date of purchase.
All rights are reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the written consent of the
copyright owner, Hanna Instruments Inc., Woonsocket, Rhode Island, 02895, USA.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
WARRANTY.......................................................................................................................... 2
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION................................................................................................. 4
GENERAL DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................................ 5
ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................................. 6
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION .................................................................................................... 6
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................... 9
SPECIFICATIONS ................................................................................................................. 11
GENERAL TIPS FOR AN ACCURATE MEASUREMENT ............................................................... 12
START UP .......................................................................................................................... 20
RANGE SELECTION ............................................................................................................. 20
TUTORIAL MODE ................................................................................................................ 21
HELP MODE ....................................................................................................................... 21
MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE FOR RATIO/NON RATIO TURBIDITY RANGE ............................... 22
CALIBRATION PROCEDURE FOR RATIO/NON RATIO TURBIDITY RANGE ................................... 25
MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE FOR FREE/TOTAL CHLORINE ..................................................... 29
CAL CHECK PROCEDURE FOR FREE/TOTAL CHLORINE ............................................................ 32
CALIBRATION PROCEDURE FOR FREE/TOTAL CHLORINE ........................................................ 34
RESTORE FACTORY CALIBRATION......................................................................................... 35
GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE (GLP) .................................................................................... 36
LOG AND LOG RECALL ......................................................................................................... 37
SETUP ............................................................................................................................... 38
LAMP REPLACEMENT .......................................................................................................... 41
FUSE REPLACEMENT .......................................................................................................... 41
PC INTERFACE ................................................................................................................... 42
ACCESSORIES ..................................................................................................................... 42

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Please examine this product carefully. Make sure that the instrument is not damaged. If any
damage occurred during shipment, please notify your local Hanna Office.
Each HI 83414 Bench Turbidity and Free/Total Chlorine instrument is supplied complete with:
• Five Sample Cuvettes and Caps
• Calibration Cuvettes for turbidimeter and colorimeter (HI 83414-11)
• Silicone Oil (HI 93703-58)
• Cloth for wiping the cuvettes
• Scissors
• Power cord
• Instruction Manual
• Instrument Quality Certificate
Note:Save all packing material until you are sure that the instrument functions correctly. Any
defective item must be returned in its original packing with the supplied accessories.
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION

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HI 83414 is a high accuracy, combined meter with technology that benefits from Hanna’s years of
experience as manufacturer of analytical instruments.
The HI 83414 successfully combines turbidity and colorimetric measurements to meet the needs of
measuring the most important parameters of drinking water: turbidity and free/total chlorine. The
meter is especially designed for water quality measurements, providing reliable and accurate
readings on low turbidity and chlorine values. The HI 83414 meets and exceeds the requirements of
USEPAand Standard Methods both for turbidity and colorimetric measurements.
The instrument is based on a state-of-the-art optical system which guarantees accurate results,
assures long term stability and minimizes stray light and color interferences. It also compensates for
variations in intensity of the lamp, so there’s no need for frequent calibration. The 525 nm
intereference filter of the colorimeter assures precise and repeatable results.
The 25 mm round cuvettes made from special optical glass guarantee the repeatability of the
measurements.
Turbidity measurements can be made in the 0.00 to 4000 NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Units)
range when ratiometric measurements are used and in the 0.00 to 40.0 NTU range when non ratio
method is used. The instrument has an EPA compliance reading mode which rounds the reading to
meet EPA reporting requirements. Alternative EBC and Nephelos measuring units are available.
Depending on the measured sample and needed accuracy, normal measurement, continuous
measurement or signal averaging measurement can be selected.
A two, three, four or five-point calibration can be performed by using the supplied (<0.1, 15, 100,
750 and 2000 NTU) standards. When user prepared standards are used, the calibration points can
be edited.
Free or Total Chlorine measurements can be made in the 0.00 to 5.00 mg/L (ppm) range.
With the powerful CAL CHECK™ function, the performance of the instrument can be validated at any
time by using the exclusive Hanna ready-made, NIST traceable standards.
A one-point calibration can be performed using the same cal check standard.
HI 83414 has complete G.L.P. (Good Laboratory Practice) functions that allow traceability of the
calibration conditions. The last calibration points, time and date can be checked.
HI 83414 has a user-friendly interface with an easy to understand, graphic LCD. All messages are in
plain text, easy to read and understand. Comprehensive contextual help is available at a simple key
press. All help information and messages are available in several languages. Confirmation and error
acoustic signals help the user during instrument operation. Furthermore, a tutorial mode of operation
guides the user step by step through the analytical process.
The instrument’s logging function offers complete information for all measurements. Up to 200
measurements can be stored in the internal memory and consulted at any time. In order to further
store or analyse, the data can be downloaded to a PC using the USB port.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
GENERAL DESCRIPTION

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ABBREVIATIONS
NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Units
JTU Jackson Turbidity Units
FTU Formazin Turbidity Units
USEPA US Environmental Protection Agency
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
RTC Real Time Clock
RH Relative Humidity
ID Identification
EBC European Brewery Convention
TURBIDIMETER
Turbidity is the optical property that causes light to be scattered and absorbed, rather than transmitted.
The scattering of the light that passes through a liquid is primarily caused by the suspended solids.
The higher the turbidity, the greater the amount of scattered light. Because even the molecules in a
very pure fluid scatter light to a certain degree, no solution will have zero turbidity.
The USEPA Method 180.1 specifies the key parameters for the optical system to measure turbidity
for drinking, saline and surface water, in a 0 to 40 NTU range, using the nephelometric method.
The HI 83414 instrument is designed to meet or exceed the criteria specified by the USEPA Method
180.1 and Standard Method 2130 B.
The light beam that passes through the sample is scattered in all directions. The intensity and pattern
of the scattered light is affected by many variables like wavelenght of the incident light, particle size
and shape, refractive index and color.
The optical system includes a tungsten filament lamp, a scattered light detector (900) and a
transmitted light detector (1800).
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

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For the ratio turbidimeter range, the microprocessor of the instrument calculates the NTU value, from
the signals that reach the two detectors, by using an effective algorithm. This algorithm corrects and
compensates for interferences of color, making the HI 83414 instrument color-compensated. The
optical system and measuring technique compensate also for the lamp intensity fluctuations,
minimizing the need of frequent calibration.
For the non ratio turbidimeter range, the NTU value is calculated from the signal on the scattered
light detector (90°). The method offers a high linearity on the low range. The method is more
sensitive to the lamp intensity fluctuations.
The lower detection limit of a turbidimeter is determined by the so called “stray light”. Stray light
is the light detected by the sensors that is not caused by light scattering from suspended particles.
The optical system of HI 83414 instrument is designed to have very low stray light, providing
accurate results for low turbidity samples. However, special care must be taken when measuring low
turbidities (see page 12 “General Tips for an Accurate Measurement” for sample preparation and
measuring techniques).
MEASUREMENT UNITS
The most used units for turbidity are NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Units). In the beer industry a
common unit is EBC (European Brewery Convention).
The HI 83414 turbidimeter reports the measurements in NTU, EBC or Nephelos. One NTU is
equal with 0.245 EBC or 6.7 Nephelos.
Calibration and measurements are done only in NTU and the results in other units are obtained
by multiplying with the respective factors.
COLORIMETER
Absorption of light is a typical phenomenon of interaction between electromagnetic radiation and
matter. When light beam crosses a substance, some of the radiation may be absorbed by atoms,
molecules or crystal lattices.
If pure absorption occurs, the fraction of absorbed light depends both on the optical path length
through the matter and on the physical-chemical characteristics of the substance, according to the
Lambert-Beer law:
–log I/Io =ελ
c d
or
A =ελc d

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Where:
–log I/Io=Absorbance (A)
Io=intensity of incident light beam
I=intensity of light beam after absorption
ελ=molar extinction coefficient at wavelength λ
c=molar concentration of the substance
d=optical path through the substance
Therefore, the concentration “c” can be calculated from the absorbance of the substance as the other
factors are known.
Photometric chemical analysis is based on the possibility to develop an absorbing compound from a
specific chemical reaction between sample and reagents. Given that the absorption of a compound
strictly depends on the wavelength of the incident light beam, a narrow spectral bandwidth should be
selected as well as a proper central wavelength to optimize measurements.
The optical system is based on the turbidimeter tungsten lamp and a separate detector with a narrow
band interference filter @ 525 nm to guarantee both high performance and reliable results for
colorimetric measurements.
The measurement process is carried out in two phases: first the instrument is zeroed and then the
actual measurement is performed.
In this way the cuvette and the water turbidity are compensated during the zero mesurement phase.

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FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTION
1) Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). The LCD has backlight for better visibility in dark environments.
2) Keypad. Splash resistant.
3) Cuvette Lid. Close the cuvette lid prior to start a measurement.
4) Lamp lid
5) USB connector
6) Fuse holder
7) Mains switch
8) Mains connector

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DISPLAY DESCRIPTION
The display contains the following fields:
1) The current time in selected format
2) Information related to the measurement
3) Functional keys
4) Currently selected parameter
5) Measuring units
6) Measured value
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KEYBOARD DESCRIPTION
The keyboard contains 8 direct keys and 3 functional keys with the following functions:
The function of each of the three functional keys depends on the name
displayed on the LCD above them.
ESC
Press to return to the main screen.
RANGE
When in the main screen, press to access the change parameter screen.
Press to move up in menu and help or to increment a set value.
LOG
Press to move down in menu and help or to decrement a set value. Press
to log the current reading.
CAL
CHECK
Press to access calibration and cal check menu.
RCL
Press to recall the log.
HELP
Press to display the help screen.
SETUP
Press to access the setup screen.