Hanna Instruments HI 83414 User manual

1
www.hannainst.com
HI 83414
Turbidity and Free/Total Chlorine
Meter
Instruction Manual

2
TABLE OF CONTENTSTABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTSTABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Dear Customer,
Thank you for choosing a Hanna Instruments product. This manual will provide you with the
necessary information for correct use of the instrument.
Please read this instruction manual carefully before using the instrument.
If you need additional technical information, do not hesitate to e-mail us at [email protected]
or see the back side of this manual for our worldwide sales and technical service contacts.
This instrument is in compliance with directives.
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION ................................................................................................................... 3
GENERAL DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................................................... 4
ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................................................................... 5
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION ...................................................................................................................... 5
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION ..................................................................................................................... 8
SPECIFICATIONS ................................................................................................................................... 10
GENERAL TIPS FOR AN ACCURATE MEASUREMENT .................................................................................. 11
START UP ............................................................................................................................................ 19
RANGE SELECTION ................................................................................................................................ 19
TUTORIAL MODE .................................................................................................................................. 20
HELP MODE .......................................................................................................................................... 20
MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE FOR RATIO/NON RATIO TURBIDITY RANGE .................................................. 21
CALIBRATION PROCEDURE FOR RATIO/NON RATIO TURBIDITY RANGE ..................................................... 24
MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE FOR FREE/TOTAL CHLORINE ........................................................................ 28
CAL CHECK PROCEDURE FOR FREE/TOTAL CHLORINE ............................................................................... 31
CALIBRATION PROCEDURE FOR FREE/TOTAL CHLORINE ........................................................................... 33
RESTORE FACTORY CALIBRATION ........................................................................................................... 34
GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE (GLP) ...................................................................................................... 35
LOG & LOG RECALL ............................................................................................................................... 36
SETUP ................................................................................................................................................. 37
LAMP REPLACEMENT ............................................................................................................................. 40
FUSE REPLACEMENT .............................................................................................................................. 40
PC INTERFACE ....................................................................................................................................... 41
ACCESSORIES ....................................................................................................................................... 41
WARRANTY ........................................................................................................................................... 42
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR USERS .......................................................................................................... 42

3
Please examine this Product carefully. Make sure the instrument is not damaged. If any damage has
occurred during the shipment, please notify your dealer.
This HI 83414 Bench Turbidity and Free/Total Chlorine meter is supplied complete with:
• Five Sample Cuvets and Caps
• Calibration Cuvets for turbidimeter and colorimeter (HI 83414-11)
• Silicone Oil (HI 93703-58)
• Tissue for wiping the cuvets
• Scissors
• Power cord
• Instruction Manual
• Instrument Quality Certificate
Note:Save all packing material until you are sure that the instrument works correctly. Any
defective item must be returned in the original packing with the supplied accessories.
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONPRELIMINARY EXAMINATION
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONPRELIMINARY EXAMINATION
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION

4
HI 83414 is a high accuracy, combined meter that benefits from Hanna’s years of experience as
manufacturer of analytical instruments.
The HI 83414 successfully combines turbidity and colorimetric measurements to meet the needs of
measuring the most important parameters of drinking water: turbidity and free/total chlorine. The
meter is especially designed for water quality measurements, providing reliable and accurate
readings on low turbidity and chlorine values. The HI 83414 meets and exceeds the requirements of
USEPA and Standard Methods both for turbidity and colorimetric measurements.
The instrument is based on a state-of-the-art optical system which guarantees accurate results,
assures long term stability and minimizes stray light and color interferences. It also compensates for
variations in intensity of the lamp, making no need for frequent calibration. The 525 nm intereference
filter of the colorimeter assures precise and repeatable results.
The 25 mm round cuvets made from special optical glass guarantee the repeatability of the
measurements.
Turbidity measurements can be made in the 0.00 to 4000 NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Units)
range when ratiometric measurements are used and in the 0.00 to 40.0 NTU range when non ratio
method is used. The instrument has an EPA compliance reading mode which rounds the reading to
meet EPA reporting requirements. Alternative EBC and Nephelos measuring units are available.
Depending on the measured sample and needed accuracy, normal measurement, continuous
measurement or signal averaging measurement can be selected.
A two, three, four or five-point calibration could be performed by using the supplied (<0.1, 15,
100, 750 and 2000 NTU) standards. When user prepared standards are used, the calibration points
can be modified.
Free or Total Chlorine measurements can be made in the 0.00 to 5.00 mg/L (ppm) range.
With the powerful CAL CHECK™ function, the good performance of the instrument can be validated
at any moment by using the exclusive Hanna ready-made, NIST traceable standards.
A one-point calibration can be performed using the same cal check standard.
HI 83414 has complete G.L.P. (Good Laboratory Practice) functions that allows traceability of the
calibration conditions. The last calibration points, time and date can be checked.
HI 83414 has a user-friendly interface with an easy to understand, graphical LCD. All messages are
in plain text, easy to read and understand. Comprehensive contextual help is available at a simple
key press. All messages and helps are available in several languages. Confirmation and error acoustic
signals help the user during instrument operation. Furthermore, a tutorial mode of operation guides
the user step by step through the analysis process.
The instrument’s logging function offers complete information for the measurement. Up to 200
measurements can be stored in the internal memory and consulted at any time. In order to further
store or analyse, the data can be downloaded to a PC using the USB port.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
GENERAL DESCRIPTIONGENERAL DESCRIPTION
GENERAL DESCRIPTIONGENERAL DESCRIPTION
GENERAL DESCRIPTION

5
ABBREVIATIONSABBREVIATIONS
ABBREVIATIONSABBREVIATIONS
ABBREVIATIONS
NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Units
JTU Jackson Turbidity Units
FTU Formazin Turbidity Units
USEPA US Environmental Protection Agency
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
RTC Real Time Clock
RH Relative Humidity
ID Identification
EBC European Brewery Comitee
TURBIDIMETER
Turbidity is the optical property that causes light to be scattered and absorbed, rather than transmitted.
The scattering of the light that passes through a liquid is primarily caused by the suspended solids. The
higher the turbidity, the greater the amount of scattered light. Because even the molecules in a very pure
fluid scatter light to a certain degree, no solution will have zero turbidity.
The USEPA Method 180.1 specify the key parameters for the optical system to measure turbidity
for drinking, saline and surface water, in a 0 to 40 NTU range, using the nephelometric method.
The HI 83414 instrument is designed to meet or exceed the criteria specified by the USEPA Method
180.1 and Standard Method 2130 B.
The light beam that passes through the sample is scattered in all directions. The intensity and pattern
of the scattered light is affected by many variables like wavelenght of the incident light, particle size
and shape, refractive index and color.
The optical system includes a tungsten filament lamp, a scattered light detector (900) and a
transmitted light detector (1800).
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATIONPRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATIONPRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

6
For the ratio turbidimeter range, the microprocessor of the instrument calculates the NTU value, from
the signals that reaches the two detectors, by using an effective algorithm. This algorithm corrects
and compensates for interferences of color, making the HI 83414 instrument color-compensated.
The optical system and measuring technique compensate also for the lamp intensity fluctuations,
minimizing the need of frequent calibration.
For the non ratio turbidimeter range, the NTU value is calculated from the signal on the scattered
light detector (90°). The method offers a high linearity on the low range. The method is more
sensitive to the lamp intensity fluctuations.
The lower detection limit of a turbidimeter is determined by the so called “stray light”. Stray light is the light
detected by the sensors, that is not caused by light scattering from suspended particles.
The optical system of HI 83414 instrument is designed to have very low stray light, providing accurate
results for low turbidity samples. However, special care must be taken when measuring low turbidities (see
page 11 “General Tips for an Accurate Measurement” for sample preparation and measuring techniques).
MEASUREMENT UNITS
The most used units for turbidity are NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Units). In the beer industry a
common unit is EBC (European Brewery Comitee).
The HI 83414 turbidimeter reports the measurements in NTU, EBC or Nephelos. One NTU is
equal with 0.245 EBC or 6.7 Nephelos.
Calibration and measurements are done only in NTU and the results in other units are obtained
by multiplying with the respective factors.
COLORIMETER
Absorption of light is a typical phenomenon of interaction between electromagnetic radiation and
matter. When light beam crosses a substance, some of the radiation may be absorbed by atoms,
molecules or crystal lattices.
If pure absorption occurs, the fraction of absorbed light depends both on the optical path length
through the matter and on the physical-chemical characteristics of the substance, according to the
Lambert-Beer law:
–log I/Io=ελ
c d
or
A =ελc d

7
Where:
–log I/Io=Absorbance (A)
Io=intensity of incident light beam
I=intensity of light beam after absorption
ελ=molar extinction coefficient at wavelength λ
c=molar concentration of the substance
d=optical path through the substance
Therefore, the concentration “c” can be calculated from the absorbance of the substance as the other
factors are known.
Photometric chemical analysis is based on the possibility to develop an absorbing compound from a
specific chemical reaction between sample and reagents. Given that the absorption of a compound
strictly depends on the wavelength of the incident light beam, a narrow spectral bandwidth should be
selected as well as a proper central wavelength to optimize measurements.
The optical system is based on the turbidimeter tungsten lamp and a separate detector with a narrow
band interference filter @ 525 nm to guarantee both high performance and reliable results for
colorimetric measurements.
The measurement process is carried out in two phases: first the instrument is zeroed and then the
actual measurement is performed.
In this way the cuvet and the water turbidity are compensated during the zero mesurement phase.

8
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTIONFUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTIONFUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTION
1) Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). The LCD has backlight for better visibility in dark environments.
2) Keypad. Splash proof resistant.
3) Cuvet Lid. Close the cuvet lid prior to start a measurement.
4) Lamp lid and the related fixing screw
5) USB connector
6) Fuse holder
7) Mains switch
8) Mains connector

9
DISPLAY DESCRIPTION
The display contains the following fields:
1) The current time in selected format
2) Information related to the measurement
3) Functional keys
4) Currently selected parameter
5) Measuring units
6) Measured value
3
1
2
6
5
4
KEYBOARD DESCRIPTION
The keyboard contains 8 direct keys and 3 functional keys with the following functions:
The function of each of the three functional keys depends on the name
displayed on the LCD above them.
ESC
Press to return to the main screen.
RANGE
When in the main screen, press to access the change parameter screen.
Press to move up in menu and help or to increment a set value.
LOG
Press to move down in menu and help or to decrement a set value. Press
to log the current reading.
CAL
CHECK
Press to access calibration and cal check menu.
RCL
Press to recall the log.
HELP
Press to display the help screen.
SETUP
Press to access the setup screen.

10
SPECIFICATIONSSPECIFICATIONS
SPECIFICATIONSSPECIFICATIONS
SPECIFICATIONS
Turbidity
Range - non ratio mode 0.00 to 9.99; 10.0 to 40.0 NTU
0.0 to 99.9; 100 to 268 Nephelos
0.00 to 9.80 EBC
Resolution - non ratio mode 0.01; 0.1 NTU
0.1; 1 Nephelos
0.01 EBC
Range - ratio mode 0.00 to 9.99; 10.0 to 99.9; 100 to 4000 NTU
0.0 to 99.9; 100 to 26800 Nephelos
0.00 to 9.99; 10.0 to 99.9; 100 to 980 EBC
Resolution - ratio mode 0.01; 0.1; 1 NTU
0.1; 1 Nephelos
0.01; 0.1, 1 EBC
Range selection Automatically
Accuracy ±2% of reading plus 0.02 NTU (0.15 Nephelos; 0.01 EBC)
±5% of reading above 1000 NTU (6700 Nephelos; 245 EBC)
Repeatibility ±1% of reading or 0.02 NTU (0.15 Nephelos; 0.01 EBC)
whichever is greater
Stray Light < 0.02 NTU (0.15 Nephelos; 0.01 EBC)
Light Detector Silicon Photocell
Method Nephelometric method (90°) or Ratio Nephelometric Method
(90° & 180°), Adaptation of the USEPA Method 108.1 and
Standard Method 2130 B.
Measuring mode Normal, Average, Continuous.
Turbidity Standards <0.1, 15, 100, 750 and 2000 NTU
Calibration Two, three, four or five-point calibration
Free and total Chlorine
Range Free Cl20.00 to 5.00 mg/L
Total Cl20.00 to 5.00 mg/L
Resolution 0.01 mg/L from 0.00 to 3.50 mg/L; 0.10 above 3.50 mg/L
Accuracy ±0.02 mg/L @ 1.00 mg/L
Detector Silicon photocell with 525 nm narrow band interference filters
Method Adaptation of the USEPA Method 330.5 and Standard Method
4500-Cl G. The reaction between chlorine and DPD reagent
causes a pink tint in the sample.