Heinz Walz GFS-3000 User manual

Printed in Germany
Portable Gas Exchange
Fluorescence System
GFS-3000
Handbook of Operation
1.222 / 05.05
2. Edition: August 2005
gfs-3000_1e.doc
©Heinz Walz GmbH, 2005
Heinz Walz GmbH •Eichenring 6 •91090 Effeltrich •Germany
Phone [phone] •Telefax +49-(0)9133/5395
E-mail [email protected] •Internet www.walz.com

CONTENTS
I
1Safety instructions........................................................................1
1.1 General safety instructions........................................................1
1.2 Special safety instructions.........................................................2
2Introduction..................................................................................3
3System Components.....................................................................5
3.1 System Components Overview.................................................5
3.2 Components and Connectors attached to the front and other
sides of the Central Unit 3000-C.............................................13
3.3 Components and Connectors of the Standard Measuring Head
3010-S.....................................................................................18
3.4 Content of the Spare Kit 3000-C/SK.......................................22
3.5 Li-Ion Battery Charger LC-02.................................................23
3.6 Li-Ion Battery 3025-A.............................................................25
4Principle of operation.................................................................26
4.1 Pneumatic diagram of the GFS-3000......................................26
4.2 Description of Pneumatic Pathway and Involved Components28
4.3 Measuring Point and Zero Point .............................................30
4.3.1 Definition of CO2abs, H2Oabs, dCO2, dH2O..................30
4.3.2 Mode MP and Mode ZP....................................................31
4.3.3 Values dCO2ZP, dH2OZP, dCO2MP and dH2OMP
displayed in the Values Window ......................................32
4.3.4 Values dCO2ZP, dCO2MP, dH2OZP and dH2OMP stored
in a data record..................................................................33
4.3.5 Recommendation for measuring Zero Points....................35
4.4 LED-Array/PAM-Fluorometer 3055-FL - Optional....................35
4.4.1 Measuring light:................................................................36
4.4.2 Frequency of Measuring light:..........................................36
4.4.3 Excitation of Chlorophyll .................................................36
4.4.4 Detector Filters..................................................................37

CONTENTS
II
4.4.5 Actinic Light.....................................................................37
4.4.6 Saturating Light Pulse.......................................................37
4.4.7 Far Red Light....................................................................37
4.5 Imaging-PAM - Optional........................................................37
5Software Description..................................................................38
5.1 Introduction.............................................................................38
5.2 Installation of the GFS-Win software .....................................38
5.2.1 USB-driver installation.....................................................39
5.3 GFS-3000 operation under GFS-Win .....................................39
5.3.1 Starting the GFS-Win program.........................................39
5.3.2 The GFS-Win main window.............................................40
5.3.3 Menu selection..................................................................41
5.3.4 The Parameter Window.....................................................45
5.3.4.1 Settings............................................................................45
5.3.4.1.1 General.......................................................................46
5.3.4.1.2 Central Unit................................................................48
5.3.4.1.3 Measuring Head.........................................................49
5.3.4.1.4 LED-Array/PAM-Fluorometer 3055-FL - Optional.......51
5.3.4.2 Chart................................................................................55
5.3.4.3 Values .............................................................................57
5.3.4.4 Report..............................................................................60
5.3.4.5 Program...........................................................................62
5.3.4.6 Measured Values Column...............................................63
5.3.4.7 Frequently Used Commands Buttons..............................63
5.4 GFS-3000 update ....................................................................64
5.4.1 Using the GFS-3000 Panel-PC update software...............64
5.4.2 Updating the GFS-Win software.......................................66
5.5 Programming...........................................................................66

CONTENTS
III
5.5.1 General Programming Information...................................66
5.5.2 Command List...................................................................67
5.5.3 Programming Rules...........................................................69
5.5.4 How to program................................................................70
5.5.5 Example Program for a Light Curve.................................71
6Calculations.................................................................................74
6.1 Input Parameters for the Calculations.....................................74
6.2 Calculation of Relative Humidity - rh.....................................74
6.3 Calculation of Transpirate Rate - E.........................................75
6.4 Calculation of Vapor Pressure Deficit - VPD.........................76
6.5 Calculation of Water Vapor Conductance - GH2O.................77
6.6 Calculation of Assimilation Rate - A......................................77
6.7 Calculation of CO2Mole Fraction in the Cuvette - ca ............78
6.8 Calculation of Intercellular CO2Mole Fraction - ci................79
6.9 Fluorescence calculations - Optional ......................................80
7Values and Ranges .....................................................................82
8Data Record Structure...............................................................85
9Trouble shooting.........................................................................91
9.1 LED "POWER STATUS".......................................................91
9.2 Error list ..................................................................................91
10 Maintenance................................................................................92
10.1 Cleaning the GFS-3000...........................................................92
10.2 Replacing the Absorber in the Absorber tubes DRIER,
HUMIDIFIER and CO2 ABSORBER....................................92
10.3 Replacing Leaf Area Adapters and Foam Gaskets..................93
10.4 Replacing Filters .....................................................................94
10.5 Exchanging CO2cartridges.....................................................94
10.6 Mounting the Cuvette for Conifers 3010-V80........................94

CONTENTS
IV
10.7 Mounting the Cuvette for Lichens/Mosses 3010-V32............95
10.8 Mounting the Cuvette for Arabidopsis 3010-A.......................96
10.9 Exchanging the Spare Thermocouple 3010-CA/TCL.............99
10.10 Mounting the Outdoor-Set 3000-C/OS...........................100
10.11 Adjusting the clip mechanism for the Light Source........100
10.12 Valve adjustment.............................................................101
10.13 Calibration.......................................................................102
10.13.1Determination of the Light source Factor.......................102
10.13.2Zero Point adjustment for water vapor and carbon dioxide
absolute ...........................................................................103
11 Appendix...................................................................................107
11.1 Pin Assignments of connectors at the Central Unit 3000-C..107
11.2 Pin Assignments of connectors at the Standard Measuring
Head 3010-S..........................................................................108
11.3 Assignment of the AUX cable ..............................................109
11.4 Information on chemicals......................................................110
11.4.1 Sodalime..........................................................................110
11.4.2 Silica Gel (Sorbead Orange CHAMELEON) .................110
11.4.3 Humidifying Granules (Stuttgarter Masse).....................111
11.5 Spectral Sensitivity of the Light Sensor MQS-B/GFS..........112
11.6 Spectral Sensitivity of the Light Sensor LS-A......................113
12 Literature..................................................................................114
13 Technical data...........................................................................115
13.1 Control Unit 3000-C .............................................................115
13.2 Standard Measuring Head 3010-S.........................................117
13.3 AC Power Supply 3020-N ....................................................118
13.4 Li-ion Battery 14.4 V/12 Ah 3025-A....................................119
13.5 Li-ion Battery Charger LC-02...............................................119

CONTENTS
V
13.6 LED Light Source 3040-L ....................................................119
13.7 LED-Array/PAM-Fluorometer 3055-FL...............................120
14 Table: Saturation Vapor Pressure above Water...................122
15 Warranty conditions................................................................126
16 Alphabetical Index ...................................................................128

CHAPTER 1 SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
1
1 Safety instructions
1.1 General safety instructions
1. Read the safety instructions and the operating instructions first.
2. Pay attention to all the safety warnings.
3. Keep the device away from water or high moisture areas.
4. Keep the device away from dust, sand and dirt.
5. Always ensure there is sufficient ventilation.
6. Do not put the device anywhere near sources of heat.
7. The Gas Analyzer of the GFS-3000 is sensitive to severe shocks
and strong vibrations and may need recalibration afterwards.
8. Connect the device only to the power source indicated in the
operating instructions or on the device.
9. Clean the device only according to the manufacturer’s
recommendations.
10. Ensure that no liquids or other foreign bodies can find their way
inside the device.
11. The device should only be repaired by qualified personnel.

CHAPTER 1 SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
2
1.2 Special safety instructions
1. The GFS-3000 is a highly sensitive research instrument which
should be used only for research purposes, as specified in this
manual. Please follow the instructions of this manual in order to
avoid potential harm to the user and damage to the instrument.
2. The GFS-3000 employs high intensity light sources which may
cause damage to the eye. Avoid looking directly into these light
sources during continuous illumination or saturation pulses.

CHAPTER 2 INTRODUCTION
3
2 Introduction
Gas exchange is defined as the interchange of gases between
plants and the environment. A number of gases take part in this
process. However, carbon dioxide, oxygen and water vapor are of
basic importance. The exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen is
linked to primary processes of photosynthesis, whereas the water
vapor loss is of fundamental importance for the hydrologic balance
of the plant. The term gas exchange is often restricted to the
exchange of these three gases. As the exchange of oxygen and
carbon dioxide is equivalent, it is sufficient to measure the gases
water vapor and carbon dioxide in order to detect the gas exchange
of plants.
Commercial gas exchange measuring devices are available since
more than thirty years. The first gas exchange measuring devices
have been very large, and a detailed knowledge of the measuring
principle was required. For this reason, they were in most cases only
operated by specialists. Thanks to the technological progress, these
devices have become much smaller nowadays, and operation has
been made easier by computer technology, without any loss in
measuring accuracy. The portable photosynthesis system GFS-3000
is a very precise, flexible gas exchange measuring system
appropriate for many fields of application.
It is small in size and can be battery-powered. Therefore the
GFS-3000 is not only appropriate for use in laboratories, but is also
an excellent device for use in the field. It offers the possibility to
make measurements simulating ambient conditions inside the cuvette
as precisely as possible or to make measurements, controlling the
most important parameters as light, temperature, CO2- and H2O
concentration over the whole range relevant for plant photosynthesis.
In this way, the GFS-3000 allows an extensive functional analysis of
the gas exchange process.

CHAPTER 2 INTRODUCTION
4
Combination of gas exchange and fluorescence
PAM fluorometry and the Saturation Pulse Method provide
detailed information on the flux of excitation energy into
photochemical pathways. This information complements and extends
the gas exchange information. Images of fluorescence parameters
and PAR absorptivity reveal heterogeneities (patchiness and local
damage) which cannot be distinguished by gas exchange
measurements alone.

CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM COMPONENTS
5
3 System Components
3.1 System Components Overview
Fig. 1: Overview on most important components of GFS-3000
1. Control Unit 3000-C
2. Standard Measuring Head 3010-S
3. LED Light Source 3040-L
4. AC Power Supply 3020-N
5. Li-Ion Battery 3025-A
6. Li-ion Battery Charger LC-02
7. Leaf area adapters
8. Cuvettes for Conifers or Lichens/Mosses
In the following all components are shown and described:
Control Unit 3000-C,
containing CO2/H2O gas analyzer,
pump, flowmeter, solenoid valves,
CO2control, H2O control,
integrated Panel PC, electronics
for the power management and the
Control Unit. Components and
1 2
3
5
4
6
8 7

CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM COMPONENTS
6
connectors attached to the front and other sides are described in
chapter 3.2.
Standard Measuring Head 3010-S,
consisting of cuvette for leaves
with closing mechanism,
temperature control, light control,
ventilation system (impeller), 3
light and 4 temperature sensors, tripod adapter, electronics for the
Measuring Head. The components and connectors are described in
chapter 3.3.
LED Light Source 3040-L,
consisting of 24 red and 2 blue LEDs,
fan for cooling the LEDs, electronics for
managing the portion of the blue light, 2
pins for attaching the LED Light Source
to the upper or lower part of the cuvette,
cable for connecting the LED Light Source to the electronic box of
the Standard Measuring Head.
Optional:
LED-Array/PAM-Fluorometer 3055-FL,
consisting of 24 red and 2 blue LEDs,
fan for cooling the LEDs, fluorescence
module, 2 pins for attaching the LED-
Array/PAM-Fluorometer to the upper or
lower part of the cuvette, two cables for
connecting the LED-Array/PAM-Fluorometer to the electronic box
of the Standard Measuring Head.

CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM COMPONENTS
7
Optional: Imaging-PAM
The Imaging PAM (MINI-Head) can be
connected to the GFS-3000. The operation
will then be controlled via one computer
running GFSWin and ImagingWin
concurrently.
AC Power Supply 3020-N,
with cable for connecting the AC Power
Supply 3020-N to the mains voltage
(100-240 V AC, 50/60 Hz), cable for
connecting the AC Power Supply 3020-
N to the connector "Battery/DC IN" (1 or
2) of the Control Unit, On/Off switch.
Li-Ion Battery 3025-A,
with cable for connecting the Li-ion
Battery to the connector Battery/DC IN
(1 or 2) of Control Unit 3000-C or to the
Li-ion Battery Charger LC-02. (3.5)
Li-ion Battery Charger LC-02,
with cable for connecting the Li-ion
Battery Charger LC-02 to the mains
voltage (100-240 V AC, 50/60 Hz), two
displays, two charging outputs for
connecting two Li-ion Batteries 3025-A, On/Off switch at the rear
side.

CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM COMPONENTS
8
Protection cover,
which can be mounted onto the front side
of the Central Unit 3000-C in order to
protect the pneumatic components,
especially in the field or greenhouse.
Legs,
which are mounted to the Control Unit
3000-C. The legs are necessary if the
Outdoor-Set 3000-C/OS is used. In the
field the legs are recommended to keep
distance to a moist underground.
Carrying Belt,
which can be clicked onto the handle of
the Central Unit 3000-C in order to carry
the system in the field.
Entrance Filter 5 ml 3000-C/EF,
which is connected to the inlet AIR IN at the front side of
the Central Unit 3000-C in order to reduce noise and
remove coarse particles of the incoming air.
Mixing Volume 40 ml 3000-C/MV
which replaces the CO2absorber tube connected to the
front side of the Central Unit 3000-C, if ambient air is
used instead of the CO2control.

CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM COMPONENTS
9
USB Communication Cable,
which is used to connect the Central Unit
3000-C with a PC in order to transfer programs
or data, to update the software of the Panel PC
inside the GFS-3000 or to control the GFS-
3000 using an external PC via GFS-Win.
Cable for 2x Auxiliaries 000130606205,
which can be connected to the socket "AUX IN"
at the front side of the Central Unit 3000-C. The
cable has three wires with bare ends which can
be connected to two additional sensors (see
chapter 11.3).
CO2 cartridge 000160103430,
to supply the CO2-control in the Central
Unit with pure CO2.
Leaf Area Adapters,
for adjusting the leaf area of the Standard
Measuring Head 3010-S. Following Leaf
Area Adapters are available:
Leaf Area Adapter 3010-2x4: 2 by 4 cm, for larger leaves,
Leaf Area Adapter 3010-1x4: 1 by 4 cm, for narrow leaves,
Leaf Area Adapter 3010-R3. round, 3 cm2, for smaller leaves or for
leaves with high transpiration rates.
Mounting Plates,
for mounting the foam gaskets (shown
below) onto the Leaf Area Adapters.

CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM COMPONENTS
10
Foam Gaskets,
which have an adhesive tape at on side
and fit onto the Leaf Area Adapters
shown above. Following sets of foam
gaskets are available:
Foam Gaskets 8 cm2(2 cm x 4 cm, 10 pcs, part #: 000244009314)
Foam Gaskets 4 cm2(1 cm x 4 cm, 10 pcs, part #: 000244013214)
Foam Gaskets 3 cm2(round, 10 pcs, part #: 000244012914)
Cuvette for Conifers 3010-V80,
consisting of two cuvette halves, two
distance holders and an extension rod.
The Cuvette for Conifers can be used to measure conifers like spruce
or twigs with small leaves.
Cuvette for Lichens/Mosses 3010-V32,
consisting of two adapter plates, two
distance holders, an extension rod and a
cylindrical cuvette (polycarbonate) with a
perforated plate made out of steel at the
bottom. This cuvette is not only suitable for measuring
photosynthesis of detached samples like lichens or mosses but also
for measuring respiration of small animals.
Cuvette for Arabidopsis 3010-A,
special cuvette for e.g. small, potted
Arabidopsis plants, which can be attached
to the Standard Measuring Head 3010-S.
The set consists of a foam stand, a cuvette
adapter angle, a height-adjustable base plate, 2 pot holders for
flowerpots from 55 mm to 70 mm in diameter and a hollow punch.

CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM COMPONENTS
11
Darkening Plate 3010-DP,
which can be clicked onto the upper or lower part
of the cuvette via the 2 pins. If the LED Light
Source 3040-L or LED-Array/PAM Fluorometer
3055-FL is attached, the Darkening Plate can be used to exclude
ambient light from the other side.
Tripod ST-1010,
onto which the Standard Measuring Head 3010-S
can be mounted, with height adjustment between
53 and 130 cm, with quick release plate and with
crank for smooth adjustment of the center
column.
Outdoor-Set 3000-C/OS,
consisting of 10 l mixing vessel, 2.5 m
fiber-glass antenna, tubing with entrance
filter, clips, elastic net and antenna
holder for running the GFS-3000 in the
field, using ambient air.
DC-DC Converter 3020-DC
For supplying power to the GFS-3000 via
an external 12 or 24 V battery (e.g. car
battery). Input voltage is 9 - 32 V, output
current is max. 6 A. An under-voltage and
over-temperature protection is comprised.

CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM COMPONENTS
12
Chemical Bottles, filled with
Soda Lime (CO2absorber) 000160103401,
Silica Gel (H2O absorber) 000160103402,
or Humidifying Granules 000160103403
for replacing the absorbers in the Absorber
Tubes CO2 ABSORBER, DRIER and HUMIDIFIER.
Spare Kit 3000-C/SK,
box with spare parts, which are listed and
described in chapter 3.4.
Absorber Tube 3000-C/ABS,
for Soda Lime (labeled "CO2 ABSORBER"), Silica Gel
(labeled "DRIER") or Humidifying Granules (labeled
"HUMIDIFIER"). A filter pad should be used at the top
and the bottom.
Spare Thermocouple 3010-CA/TCL,
consisting of a thermocouple, cuvette
temperature sensor, mounting plate and 4
pins; the unit is usually built into the
lower part of the cuvette.