Endress+Hauser SpectraSensors SS2100i-1 User manual

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Operating Instructions
SS2100i-1 TDLAS Gas Analyzer
ATEX/IECEx/UKEX: Zone 1
BA02189C/66/EN/02.23
70207462

Operating Instructions SS2100i-1 TDLAS Gas Analyzer
2 Endress+Hauser

SS2100i-1 TDLAS Gas Analyzer Operating Instructions
Endress+Hauser 3
Table of Contents
1About this document............................ 4
1.1 Warnings..................................................................4
1.2 Symbols on the device.............................................4
1.3 U.S. export compliance ...........................................4
2Introduction .......................................... 5
2.1 How to use this manual..........................................5
2.2General warnings and cautions .............................5
2.3 Manufacturer address ............................................7
2.4 About the gas analyzers .........................................7
2.5 How the analyzers work .........................................8
2.6Differential TDLAS ..................................................9
2.7 Getting familiar with the SS2100i-1...................10
3Safety...................................................18
3.1 Potential risks affecting personnel .....................18
4Installation..........................................19
4.1 What should be included in the shipping box....19
4.2 Inspecting the analyzer ........................................19
4.3 Hardware and tools for installation ....................19
4.4 Mounting the analyzer .........................................20
4.5 Opening and closing analyzer enclosure cover ..20
4.6 Connecting the solenoid valves ...........................21
4.7 Connecting electrical power to the analyzer ......25
4.8 Connecting the signals and alarms .....................27
4.9 Configuring the RS-232/RS-485 converter........29
4.10 Connecting the gas lines ......................................29
4.11 Changing the 4-20 mA current loop mode ........30
5Appendix A: Specifications................ 31
5.1 SS2100i-1 analyzer specifications ......................31
5.2 Exd accessory conditions of use ..........................32
6Appendix B: Maintenance and
troubleshooting.................................. 34
6.1 Gas leaks ................................................................34
6.2 Excessive gas temperatures and pressures ........34
6.3 Electrical noise ......................................................34
6.4 Contamination ......................................................34
6.5 Cleaning the mirrors.............................................35
6.6 Pressure sensor replacement...............................41
6.7 Flame arrestor replacement and safety .............45
6.8 Potential health effects ........................................47
6.9 Peak tracking reset procedure.............................48
6.10 Instrument problems ............................................48
6.11 Service ....................................................................50
6.12 Packing, shipping, and storage ...........................50
6.13 Storage ...................................................................51
6.14 Disclaimers ............................................................51
6.15 Warranty................................................................51
7Appendix C: Analyzer parts............... 52
8Appendix D: Wiring diagrams........... 60

Operating Instructions SS2100i-1 TDLAS Gas Analyzer
4 Endress+Hauser
1About this document
1.1 Warnings
Structure of Information
Meaning
Causes (/consequences)
Consequences of non-compliance (if applicable)
‣ Corrective action
This symbol alerts you to a dangerous situation. Failure to avoid the dangerous
situation can result in a fatal or serious injury.
Causes (/consequences)
Consequences of non-compliance (if applicable)
‣ Corrective action
This symbol alerts you to a dangerous situation. Failure to avoid this situation
can result in minor or more serious injuries.
Cause/situation
Consequences of non-compliance (if applicable)
‣ Action/note
This symbol alerts you to situations which may result in damage to property.
Table 1. Warnings
1.2 Symbols on the device
Symbol
Description
The Laser Radiation symbol is used to alert the user to the danger of exposure to hazardous visible and invisible laser
radiation when using the analyzer.
The High Voltage symbol that alerts people to the presence of electric potential large enough to cause injury or
damage. In certain industries, high voltage refers to voltage above a certain threshold. Equipment and conductors that
carry high voltage warrant special safety requirements and procedures.
The ETL Listed Mark provides proof of product compliance with North American safety standards. Authorities Having
Jurisdiction (AHJ) and code officials across the US and Canada accept the ETL Listed Mark as proof of product
compliance to published industry standards.
The WEEE symbol indicates that the product should not be discarded as unsorted waste but must be sent to separate
collection facilities for recovery and recycling.
The CE Marking indicates conformity with health, safety, and environmental protection standards for products sold
within the European economic area (EEA).
Table 2. Symbols
1.3 U.S. export compliance
The policy of Endress+Hauser is in strict compliance with U.S. export control laws as detailed in the website of the
Bureau of Industry and Security at the U.S. Department of Commerce.

SS2100i-1 TDLAS Gas Analyzer Operating Instructions
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2Introduction
The Endress+Hauser SS2100i-1 product is a high-speed, diode laser-based extractive analyzer designed for reliable
monitoring of very low (trace) to standard concentrations of specific components in various background gases. It is
important to closely review the installation and operation sections of this manual to ensure the analyzer performs as
specified. This manual contains a comprehensive overview of the SS2100i-1 analyzer and step-by-step instructions
for:
•Inspecting the analyzer
•Mounting and installing the analyzer
•Troubleshooting the system
2.1 How to use this manual
Take a moment to familiarize yourself with this Operating Instruction by reading the Table of Contents.
Some options and accessories are available for the SS2100i-1 analyzers. This manual addresses the most common
options and accessories.
Images, tables, and charts are included to provide a visual understanding of the analyzer and its functions. Special
symbols are used to provide the user with key information regarding the system configuration and/or operation. Pay
close attention to this information.
2.1.1 Who should read this manual
This manual should be read and referenced by anyone installing, operating, or having direct contact with the
analyzer.
2.1.2 Conventions used in this manual
In addition to the symbols and instructional information, this manual is created with “hot links” to enable the user to
quickly navigate between different sections within the manual. These links include table, figure, and section
references are identified by a pointing finger cursor when rolling over the text. Simply click on the link to navigate to
the associated reference.
2.2 General warnings and cautions
Instructional icons are provided in this manual and on the SS2100i-1 unit to alert the user of potential hazards,
important information, and valuable tips. Following are the symbols and associated warning and caution types to
observe when servicing the analyzer. Some of these symbols are provided for instructional purposes only and are not
labeled on the system.
2.2.1 Safety warning label
The warning label shown below will be affixed to the front side of all analyzer enclosures that contain sample gas.
Figure 1. Safety warning label

Operating Instructions SS2100i-1 TDLAS Gas Analyzer
6 Endress+Hauser
Hazards may vary by stream composition. One or more of the following conditions may apply.
Symbol
Description
Flammable. Gases used in the processing of this analyzer may be extremely flammable. Any work in a hazardous
area must be carefully controlled to avoid creating any possible ignition sources (e.g., heat, arcing, sparking, etc.).
Toxins. Endress+Hauser analyzers measure a variety of gases, including high-level H2S. Follow all safety protocols
governing toxic gases and potential leaks.
Inhalation. Inhaling toxic gases or fumes may cause physical damage or death.
Table 3. Safety warnings
Technicians are expected to follow all safety protocols established by the customer that are necessary for
servicing or operating the analyzer. This may include, but is not limited to, lockout/tag-out procedures, toxic gas
monitoring protocols, personal protective equipment (PPE) requirements, hot work permits, and other
precautions that address safety concerns related to performing service or operation on process equipment
located in hazardous areas.
2.2.2 Equipment labels
Symbol
Description
Warning statement for hazardous voltage. Contact may cause electric shock or burn. Turn off and lock out system
before servicing.
Failure to follow all directions may result in damage or malfunction of the analyzer.
Maximum voltage and current specifications for the fuse closest to label.
PROTECTIVE EARTH GROUND —Symbol indicates the connection point of the ground wire from the main power
source.
FUNCTIONAL EARTH GROUND —Symbol indicates grounding points intended primarily for troubleshooting.
Table 4. Equipment labels
2.2.3 Instructional symbols
Symbol
Description
General notes and important information concerning the installation and operation of the analyzer.
Failure to follow all directions may result in fire.
INVISIBLE LASER RADIATION —Avoid exposure to beam. Class 3b Radiation Product. Refer servicing to the
manufacturer-qualified personnel.
Failure to follow all directions may result in damage or malfunction of the analyzer.
Maximum voltage and current specifications for fuses.
Table 5. Instructional symbols

SS2100i-1 TDLAS Gas Analyzer Operating Instructions
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2.2.4 Special safety symbols used on the equipment
Special safety symbols and labeling are used on the equipment to alert the user to potential hazards and important
information associated with the analyzer. Every symbol and label has significant meaning that should be heeded.
Symbol
Description
ENERGIZED FUSE WARNING —Do not remove or replace fuse when energized.
INVISIBLE LASER RADIATION —Avoid exposure to beam. Class 3b Radiation Product. Refer
servicing to the manufacturer or qualified personnel.
DO NOT REMOVE —Removal of the seal and/or disassembly of pieces traversed by label voids
the warranty.
CLASS 1 LASER PRODUCT —Invisible laser radiation when open. Avoid direct exposure to the
beam.
CLASS 3B LASER PRODUCT —Invisible laser radiation. Avoid direct exposure to beam. Class 3b
laser product.
CLASS 3B LASER WARNING —Class 3B invisible laser radiation when open. Avoid direct
exposure to the beam.
Table 6. Special safety symbols
2.3 Manufacturer address
Endress+Hauser
11027 Arrow Route
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730
United States
www.endress.com
2.4 About the gas analyzers
The SS2100i-1 analyzers are tunable diode laser (TDL) absorption spectrometers operating in the near- to short-
wavelength infrared. Each compact sensor consists of a TDL light source, sample cell, and detector specifically
configured to enable high sensitivity measurement of a particular component within the presences of other gas
phase constituents in the stream. The sensor is controlled by microprocessor-based electronics with embedded
software that incorporates advanced operational and data processing algorithms.
2.4.1 Sample conditioning system
The analyzer may be integrated with a sample conditioning system (SCS) that is specifically designed to meet the
sample condition requirements for the analyzer while preserving sample integrity and minimizing sample lag time.
Refer to the SCS Operating Instruction for more information.
2.4.2 Determining firmware version
When the analyzer is powered on for the first time, the firmware version will display on the system LCD for
approximately seven seconds. Refer to Powering Up the Analyzer in the Description of Device Parameters for this
analyzer for operational instructions. The firmware version for each analyzer is also listed on the analyzer calibration
certificate.

Operating Instructions SS2100i-1 TDLAS Gas Analyzer
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2.5 How the analyzers work
The SS2100i-1 analyzers employ tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) to measure the concentration
of single compounds in gas mixtures. In its simplest form, a diode laser absorption spectrometer typically consists of
a sample cell with a mirror at one end, and a mirror or window at the opposite end, through which the laser beam
can pass. Refer to Figure 2. The laser beam enters the cell and reflects off the mirror(s) making one or more trips
through the sample gas and eventually exiting the cell where the remaining beam intensity is measured by a
detector. With the SS2100i-1 analyzers, sample gas flows continuously through the sample cell ensuring that the
sample is always representative of the flow in the main pipe.
Due to their inherent structure, the molecules in the sample gas each have characteristic natural frequencies (or
resonances). When the output of the laser is tuned to one of those natural frequencies, the molecules with that
particular resonance will absorb energy from the incident beam. That is, as the beam of incident intensity, I0(),
passes through the sample, attenuation occurs via absorption by the trace gas with absorption cross section ().
According to the Beer-Lambert absorption law, the intensity remaining, I(), as measured by the detector at the end
of the beam path of length / (cell length x number of passes), is given by I() = I0()exp–()lN, where Nrepresents
the species concentration. Thus, the ratio of the absorption measured when the laser is tuned on-resonance versus
off-resonance is directly proportional to the number of molecules of that particular species in the beam path, or
(1)
Figure 3 shows the typical raw data from a laser absorption spectrometer scan including the incident laser intensity,
I0(), and the transmitted intensity, I(), for a clean system and one with contaminated mirrors (shown to illustrate
the system’s relative intensity to mirror contamination). The positive slope of raw data results from ramping the
current to tune the laser, which not only increases the wavelength with current, but also causes the corresponding
output power to increase. By normalizing the signal by the incident intensity, any laser output fluctuations are
canceled, and a typical, yet more pronounced, absorption profile results. Refer to Figure 4.
Figure 2. Schematic of a typical tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer
Note that contamination of the mirrors results solely in lower overall signal. However, by tuning the laser off-
resonance as well as on-resonance and normalizing the data, the technique self calibrates every scan resulting in
measurements that are unaffected by mirror contamination.

SS2100i-1 TDLAS Gas Analyzer Operating Instructions
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Figure 3. Typical raw signal from a laser diode absorption spectrometer with and without mirror contamination
Figure 4. Typical normalized absorption signal from a laser diode absorption spectrometer
2.6 Differential TDLAS
Similar to TDLAS, this technology involves subtracting two spectrums from one another. A “dry” spectrum, a
response from the sample when the analyte of interest has been completely removed, is subtracted from the “wet”
spectrum, a response from the sample when the analyte is present. The remainder is a spectrum of the pure analyte.
This technology is used for very low or trace measurements and is also useful when the background matrix changes
over time.
2.6.1 Wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) signal detection
Endress+Hauser takes the fundamental absorption spectroscopy concept a step further by using a sophisticated
signal detection technique called wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS). When employing WMS, the laser
drive current is modulated with a kHz sine wave as the laser is rapidly tuned. A lock-in amplifier is then used to
detect the harmonic component of the signal that is at twice the modulation frequency (2f), as shown in Figure 5.
This phase-sensitive detection enables the filtering of low-frequency noise caused by turbulence in the sample gas,
temperature and/or pressure fluctuations, low-frequency noise in the laser beam or thermal noise in the detector.
Figure 5. Typical normalized 2f signal; species concentration is proportional to the peak height

Operating Instructions SS2100i-1 TDLAS Gas Analyzer
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With the resulting low-noise signal and use of fast post-processing algorithms, reliable parts per million (ppm) or
parts per billion (ppb) detection levels are possible (depending on target and background species) at real-time
response rates (on the order of 1 second).
All Endress+Hauser TDLAS gas analyzers employ the same design and hardware platform. Measuring different trace
gases in various mixed hydrocarbon background streams is accomplished by selecting a different optimum diode
laser wavelength between 700 to 3000 nm, which provides the least amount of sensitivity to background stream
variations.
2.7 Getting familiar with the SS2100i-1
The SS2100i-1 consists of a single enclosure containing two electrical assembly panels. Figure 6 shows the front,
rear, and bottom of the analyzer.
Figure 6. External features of the analyzer
Only compound barrier seal glands (known as potted glands) should be installed on this system.
On the front cover, the keypad and LCD display serve as the user interface to the analyzer. Power and signal
connections are made via access ports on the bottom of the analyzer. Tube fittings on the right side are for sample
supply and return connections. Four sturdy feet on the back of the enclosure serve as attachment points for
mounting the analyzer.
The upper and lower levels for the analyzer are shown in Figure 7 (8/28 m sample cell), Figure 8 (0.8 m sample cell),
or Figure 9 (0.1 m sample cell). The top level is the electronics panel assembly, shown in Figure 10, The lower level is
the sample cell panel assembly shown in Figure 11 (8/28 m sample cell), Figure 12 (0.8 m sample cell), or Figure 13
(0.1 m sample cell).